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1. ¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾ ¸È¾©É¸¨ Àº¡½¦ò© Áì½ º½²ò¦ò© ¢º¤¦½¹½¯½§¾§¾©, 1946 5

2. ¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¸È¾©É¸¨ Àº¡½¦ò© Áì½ º½²ò¦ò©¢º¤ºö¤¡¾­¸ò§¾¦½À²¾½¦½¹½¯½§¾§¾©, 141947

3. ¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¡÷¤-¸¼­ ¸È¾©É¸¨ ¡¾­²ö¸²ñ­¡¾­êø©, 1961 29

4. º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¢º¤¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¡÷¤¸¼­ ¸È¾©É¸¨ ¡¾­²ö¸²ñ­¡¾­êø© ꆡȼ¸¢Éº¤¡ñ® 48¡¾­¢ð¦ñ­§¾©, 1961

5. º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¢º¤¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¡÷¤-¸¼­ ¸È¾©É¸¨ ¡¾­²ö¸²ñ­¡¾­êø© ꆡȼ¸¢Éº¤¡ñ® 50¡¾­Á¡ÉÄ¢¢Ó¢ñ©Á ȤÁ®®®ñ¤£ñ®, 1961

6. ¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¡÷¤-¸¼­ ¸È¾©É¸¨ ¡¾­²ö¸²ñ­¡ö¤¦÷­, 1963 53

7. º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¢º¤¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¡÷¤¸¼­ ¸È¾©É¸¨ ¡¾­²ö¸²ñ­¡ö¤¦÷­ ꆡȼ¸¢Éº¤¡ñ® 87¡¾­¢ð¦ñ­§¾©, 1963

8. º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¢º¤¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¡÷¤¸¼­ ¸È¾©É¸¨ ¡¾­²ö¸²ñ­¡ö¤¦÷­ ꆡȼ¸¢Éº¤¡ñ® 89¡¾­Á¡ÉÄ¢¢Ó¢ñ©Á ȤÁ®®®ñ¤£ñ®, 1963

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2

Content

Page

Preface 4

1. Convention on the Priviledges and Immunities of the United 92Nations, 1946

2. Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the 99Specialized Agencies, 1947

3. Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations , 1961 111

4. Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic 125Relations, concerning the Aquisition of Nationality, 1961

5. Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic 127Relations, concerning the Compulsory Settlement of Disputes,1961

6. Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 1963 129

7. Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention on Consular 157Relations, concerning the Aquisition of Nationality, 1963

8. Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention on Consular 159Relations, concerning the Compulsory Settlement of Disputes,1963

3

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¡¾­¥ñ©-²ò - ›´¯½´¸­¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾ -Áì½ º½­÷-¦ñ­¨¾-¡È¼¸¡ñ®¡¾­²ö¸²ñ­¡¾­êø©, ¡ö¤¦÷­,º½²ò¦ò© -Áì½ ¦ò©-£÷É -¡ñ­-꾤-¡¾­-êø© í£¤­š Á È­ºó¤Ã¦È£¸¾´»¼¡»Éº¤ªÉº¤¡¾­Ã­Ä쨽ꆦ¯¯ 쾸 ²¸´-À¦ó -¢½¹¨¾¨¡¾­²ö¸²ñ­ Áì½ »È¸´ õ¡ñ®¸ö¤£½­¾¨¾©¦¾¡ö­ ª¾´­½-¨®¾¨¡¾­ªÈ¾¤¯½Àê© ¦ñ­ªò²¾®, Àº¡½ì¾©, ò©ª½²¾® Áì½ ¡¾­»È¸´ õ ¢º¤- ¦¯¯ -쾸.

¯½¥÷-®ñ­ ¦¯¯ 쾸 ó-¦¾ -²ö¸²ñ­-¡¾­-êø©-¡ñ® 135 ¯½-Àê©-í-Âì¡. ¦¯¯ 쾸 -À ñ­-¦½´¾§ò¡-ºö¤¡¾­¦½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾© ­ñ®-ÁªÈ- ó 1955 Áì½ -À ñ­-¦½´¾§ò¡-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½ -Á콺ö¤¡¾­-À£õº¢È¾ -º­Å ¢º¤ ¦¯§ ¥¿­¸­-¹ù¾¨ºö¤¡¾­.

œ´¯½´¸­-©„¤¡È¾¸ ¦½Îº¤¢Ó- ø­-¢È¾¸¦¾­-¡È¼¸¡ñ®--¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾ -Áì½ º½­÷-¦ñ­¨¾-À¹ì‰¾-­š- ¡ð-£õ¦ò© -Áì½ ²ñ­ê½-¢º¤ ¦¯¯ 쾸 -í-«¾­½-À ñ­-ìñ©-²¾£ó ùÉ-Á¡È²½­ñ¡¤¾­- Áì½ À¥í¾Îû¾ê†-í-¢½-ÁΤ¡¾­-ªÈ¾¤¯½-Àê© -Áì½ ¢½--ÁΤ¡¾­-º­Å µøÈ¢­¦ø­¡¾¤ Áì½ êɺ¤«…­, ­ñ¡£í­£É¸¾, ­ñ¡¦ô¡¦¾Áì½ °øÉ- ó-£¸¾´-¦ö­-Ã¥-º­Å À²ºÀ²† -꽸ó-£¸¾ -»ñ®-»øÉ Áì½ £¸¾ -À¢í¾-Ã¥, ¯½¡º®¦È¸­-í-¡¾­-À°ó -Á°ÈµÈ¾¤-¡É¸¾¤-¢¸¾¤ Áì½- ¡¾­¥ñ©ª¤¯½ªò®ñ©-µÈ¾¤- ó-¯½¦ò©êò-°ö­ »ñ®¯½¡ñ­-¯½-¹ -©¦ø¤-¦÷©Ã¹É-Á¡È-¯½-Àꩧ¾©.

¡¾­¥ñ©²ò´ œ´¯½´¸­-­š Ä©É»ñ®¡¾­º÷¯½«¿¥¾¡Â£¤¡¾­¡ö©Ï¾¨¦¾¡ö­ Lao 00062427( www.ilp.gov.la) ©¨Á È­ºö¤¡¾­¦½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾©-À²º-¡¾­-²ñ©ê½­¾, ìñ©«½®¾­¯½-Àê©Á³ñ¤ìñ¤Áì½ ¦½¹½²¾®Àºóëö® À ñ­°øÉùÉêô­¦½Îñ®¦½Îø­-£¤¡¾­.

­½£º­¹ù¸¤¸¼¤¥ñ­, ¸ñ­-êó 12 êñ­¸¾ 2012¡ö´¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾ -Áì½ ¡ö©Ï¾¨

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Preface

This compilation of conventions and protocols on diplomatic and consularrelations, privileges and immunities is aimed at meeting the needs amidstLao PDR is expanding relations and cooperation with the internationalcommunity in pursuit of its foreign policy of peace, independence, friendship andcooperation.

At present, LaoPDR has diplomatic relations with 135 countries; it ismember of the United Nations since 1955 and member of many specializedagencies and other agencies, programmes of the United Nations.

This compilation provides information on these conventions and protocols,the rights and obligations of Lao PDR therein to officials in the Lao foreignservice and other sectors at the central and local levels, researchers, students andall those who are interested in enhancing knowledge and understanding of suchrights and obligations to contribute to their wide dissemination and effectiveimplementation, ensuring national interests of Lao PDR.

The publication of this compilation is made possible thanks to the supportof the International Law Project Lao 00062427 (www.ilp.gov.la) which isgeneriously funded by UNDP, Government of Finland and European Union.

Vientiane, 12 December 2012

Department of Treaties and Law

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

5

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»ñ®»º¤Àºö¾Â©¨¦½ ñ©§¾Ã¹ Ȧ½¹½¯½§¾§¾© í¸ñ­êó 13 ¡÷´²¾ 1946.

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14

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»ñ®»º¤-Àºö¾-©¨¦½ ñ©§¾-ù È-¦½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾© -í-¸ñ­-êó 21 ²½¥ò¡ 1947.

-í-À´º-¸È¾ -¦½ ñ©§¾-ù È-¦½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾© »ñ®»º¤- ñ©ªò-¦½®ñ®Î‡¤ ê†-ì½®÷-º½²ò¦ò© -Áì½ ¦ò©-£÷É -¡ñ­-ê†-À ñ­-Àº¡½-²¾®-Àꉾ-ê†-À ñ­-Ä --Ä©É ¦¿ìñ®-¦½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾© -Áì½ ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½;

-í-À´º- ¡¾­- ô¡¦¾-¹¾ìõ-¡È¼¸¡ñ®-¡¾­¥ñ©-ª¤-¯½ªò®ñ© ñ©ªò-ê†-¡È¾¸-´¾-¢É¾¤-Àêò¤-­­ -Ä©É- ó-¢›­-ì½¹¸È¾¤¦½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾© -Áì½ ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-À¹ù‰¾­­;

-À²¾½¦½-­­, ©É¸¨- ñ©ªò 179 (1), ê†-»ñ®»º¤-Àºö¾-í-¸ñ­-êó 21 ²½¥ò¡ 1947 ¦½ ñ©§¾-ù È- Ä©É-ªö¡ìö¤-»ñ®-Àºö¾-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-ªÒ-Ä -­š, §‡¤-¦½-ÀÎóªÒ®ñ­©¾-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-À²º-»ñ®»º¤ -Áì½ ¦½-ÀÎó-ùÉ-®ñ­©¾-¯½-Àê©-¦½´¾§ò¡-¢º¤-¦½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾© -Áì½ ê÷¡-¯½-Àê©-¦½´¾§ò¡-¢º¤Î‡¤ ¹ùõ ¹ù¾¨ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-À¹ù‰¾­­- -À¢í¾-»È¸´-À ñ­-²¾£ó.

ϸ©êó I£¿-­ò¨¾´ -Áì½ ¢º®-À¢©

´¾©ª¾ 1-í-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¦½®ñ®-­š

(i). £¿-¸È¾ ”¢Ó£¸¾´-¡È¼¸¡ñ®-´¾©ª½«¾­” Ͼ -À«ò¤-¢Ó-®ñ­ ñ©-¢º¤Ï¸© II À«ò¤Ï¸© IX.(ii). £¿-¸È¾ ”ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½” Ͼ¨-À«ò¤

¡. ºö¤¡¾­-Á»¤-¤¾­-¦¾¡ö­;¢. ºö¤¡¾­-º¾¹¾­ Áì½ ¡¾­¡½-À¦©-¢º¤-¦½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾©;£. ºö¤¡¾­-©É¾­-¡¾­-¦ô¡¦¾, ¸ò-꽨¾-¦¾© -Áì½ ¸ñ©ê½­½ê¿-¢º¤-¦½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾©;¤. ºö¤¡¾­¡¾­®ò­-²ö­ì½-À»õº­-¦¾¡ö­;¥. ºö¤¡¾­-¡º¤-êô­¡¾­-À¤ò­-¦¾¡ö­;¦. -ê½­¾-£¾­-¦¾¡ö­-À²º-¡¾­-²ñ©ê½­¾ -Áì½ ¡Ò¦É¾¤-£õ­-ÃÏú;§. ºö¤¡¾­-º½­¾-Ä -Âì¡;¨. ºö¤¡¾­-į¦½­ó-¦¾¡ö­;©. ºö¤¡¾­-Âêì½-£ö´´½­¾£ö´-¦¾¡ö­;

15

ª. ê÷¡ºö¤¡¾­-º­Å ê†- ó-¦È¸­-²ö¸²ñ­-¡ñ®-¦½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾© ª¾´-´¾©ª¾ 57 -Áì½ 63 ¢º¤-¡ö©-®ñ©¦½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾©.

(iii). £¿-¸È¾ ”¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾” Ͼ¨-À«ò¤ ¢Ó£¸¾´-¡È¼¸¡ñ®-´¾©-ª½«¾­ ª¾´-¡¾­- ȼ­-Á¯¤-© -Àº¡½¦¾­-ªò©-Á­®-¦½®ñ®-¦ö´®ø­ ( ¹ùõ ¦½®ñ®-©ñ©-Á¯¤) ê†-²ö¸²ñ­-À«ò¤-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-©„¤¡È¾¸ ºó¤ª¾ -´¾©ª¾ 36 Áì½ 38.

(iv). -À²º-¥÷©¯½¦ö¤-¢º¤Ï¸© III Á¯-¸È¾ ”§ñ®-¦ò­ Áì½ ¹ùñ¡§ñ®” ¥½-ªÉº¤-츴êñ¤-§ñ®-¦ò­ Áì½ ¡º¤-êô­-ê†-ºö¤-¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-é·¤£÷É´-£º¤ -À²º-¯½ªò®ñ©Îû¾ê†-ª¾ -ê¿-´½­ø­-¢º¤-ºö¤¡¾­-©„¤¡È¾¸.

(v). -À²º-¥÷©¯½¦ö¤-¢º¤Ï¸© V Áì½ VIII, ¦¿­¸­-ê†-Á -¸È¾ ”°øÉ-ª¾¤Îû¾ìñ©-¦½´¾§ò¡” ¥½-ªÉº¤-À¢í¾-Ã¥-¸È¾ 츴êñ¤Ïö©°øɪ¾¤Îû¾¦¿»º¤, ê†- ô¡¦¾, ­ñ¡-§È¼¸§¾­-Àªñ¡­ò¡ -Áì½ -À좾-¢º¤-£½­½-°øÉ-Áê­.

(vi). -í-´¾©ª¾ 13, 14, 15 Áì½ 25, ¦¿­¸­ ”¡º¤-¯½§÷´-ê†-»¼¡-» -© -ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½ ”Ͼ -À«ò¤-¡º¤-¯½§÷ -ªÈ¾¤Å£õ : (1) ¡º¤-¯½§÷ -¦½ ñ©§¾-ù È Áì½ £½­½-®ðìò¹¾­-¢º¤-ºö¤¡¾­-©„¤¡È¾¸ (-À«ò¤-¥½- ó-»ø®-¡¾­¥ñ© ª¤Á®®-é-¡Òª¾´), (2) ê÷¡£½­½-¡¿-´¾-êò¡¾­-ê†-ê¿-´½­ø­-¢º¤-ºö¤¡¾­-­­- ¡¿­ö©-ĸÉ, (3) ê÷¡-¡º¤-¯½§÷ -¦¾¡ö­-ê†-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-»¼¡-»´ -Áì½ (4) ¡º¤-¯½§÷ -¢º¤-ê÷¡Å£½­½-¡¿´½¡¾­-¢º¤-®ñ­©¾-ºö¤¡¾­-ê†-¡È¾¸-´¾-¢É¾¤-Àêò¤-­š.

(vii). £¿-¸È¾ ”¹ö¸Îû¾®ðìò¹¾­” Ͼ -À«ò¤-À¥í¾Îû¾ê†-¹ö¸Îû¾®ðìò¹¾­¢º¤-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-ê†-¡È¼¸¢Éº¤, º¾©-¥½-Á È­-°øɺ¿-­¸­-¡¾­-ù È-ê†-«õ¡-ÁªÈ¤-ª¤ ¹ùõ °øÉ-º­.

´¾©ª¾ 2-ÁªÈ-ì½-ìñ©-²¾£ó-¢º¤-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¦½®ñ®-­š í-¦È¸­-¡È¼¸²ñ­-¡ñ®-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-é·¤ §‡¤-

¦ö­êò-¦ñ­¨¾-¦½®ñ®-­š-­¿-çÉ-»È¸´-¡ñ­-Ä©É ª¾´-´¾©ª¾ 37 ­­ ¥½-ªÉº¤-ùÉ-º½²ò¦ò© -Áì½ ¦ò©-£÷É -£º¤-¡ñ­-ê†-¡¿­ö©-ĸÉ-í-¢Ó£¸¾ -¡È¼¸¡ñ®-´¾©-ª½«¾­ ª¾´-À¤º­-Ä¢-ê†-®‰¤-ĸÉ-í-­­-ùÉ-Á¡È ¹ùõ ó-¦È¸­-¡È¼¸¢Éº¤-¡ñ®-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-©„¤¡È¾¸-© -ªÉº¤-À ñ­-Ä -ª¾ -¡¾­- ȼ­-Á¯¤-銢º¤-¢Ó£¸¾´-ê†-®ñ­¥÷-µøÈ-í-¢Ó-®ñ­ ñ©-¢º¤-Àº¡½¦¾­-ªò©-Á­®-¦½®ñ®-¦ö´®ø­ (¹ùõ ¦½®ñ®-©ñ©-Á¯¤) ê†-²ö¸²ñ­-¡ö®-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-©„¤¡È¾¸ -Áì½ ¥ñ©-¦‰¤-© -¦º©£Èº¤-¡ñ®-´¾©ª¾ 36 ¹ùõ 38.

ϸ©êó II

ìñ¡¦½­½-­òªò®÷¡£ö­´¾©ª¾ 3

ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½À²¾½ ¥½-ªÉº¤- ó-ìñ¡¦½­½-­òªò®÷¡£ö­ ®ñ­©¾-ºö¤¡¾­-À¹ù‰¾­­-¥½-ªÉº¤- ó-«¾­½ (¡)ê†-¥½-À»ñ©-¦ñ­¨¾, (¢) ó Áì½ ­¿-çɺ½¦ñ¤¹¾-ìò-´½-§ñ® Áì½ ¦ñ¤¹¾ìò´½-§ñ®, (£) À¢í¾-»È¸´¢½-®¸­¡¾­²ò¥¾ì½­¾--£½©ó.

16

ϸ©êó III

§ñ®-¦ò­, ¡º¤-êô­ Áì½ ¹ùñ¡§ñ®´¾©ª¾ 4

ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½, §ñ®-¦ö´®ñ© -Áì½ ¹ùñ¡§ñ®-¢º¤-ºö¤-¡¾­-À¹ù‰¾­­, ¥½-Á È­-µøÈ-æ -Áì½ °øÉ-é-À¡ñ®-»ñ¡¦¾-¡Òª¾´ ¥½-ªÉº¤-Ä©É-»ñ®-¡¾­- ö¡-À¸˜­¥¾¡-¡¾­-©¿-À­ó­-£½©ó-ê÷¡-»ø®-¡¾­, -À¸­-À¦ -ÁªÈ-í-¡ðì½­ó-ºö¤¡¾­-À¹ù‰¾­­ ¹¾¡-Ä©É-¦½-Á©¤-À¥©-ª½­¾ ö¡-Àìó¡-¦ò©-©„¤¡È¾¸, -À«ò¤-µÈ¾¤-é-¡Òª¾´, -À ñ­-ê†-À¢í¾-Ã¥-¸È¾ ¥½-®Ò ó-¡¾­- ö¡-Àìó¡-¦ò©-£÷É -¡ñ­-éÅê†-¥½-­¿-ï¦øÈ-¡¾­-Àºö¾-´¾©-ª½¡¾­-¯½¹¾­-§ó¸ò©.

´¾©ª¾ 5º¾£¾­-¦½«¾­-ê†-¢º¤-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½ ¥½-ªÉº¤-ìȸ¤-ìÕ-®Ò-Ä©É, ¦ö´®ñ© -Áì½ ¹ùñ¡§ñ®-¢º¤

ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-¥½-µøÈ-æ -Áì½ -ð-À ñ­-°øÉ-»ñ¡¦¾-¡Òª¾´ ¥½-ªÉº¤-®Ò«õ¡-¡¸©-£í­-¦º®-«¾´, -À¡ñ®-À¡­, ô©-À ñ­-¢º¤-ìñ© -Áì½ »ø®-¡¾­-Á§¡-Á§¤-º­Å ®Ò¸È¾¥½-꾤-®ðìò¹¾­, ª÷쾡¾­ ¹ùõ ­òªò®ñ­ ñ©-.

´¾©ª¾ 6¦¾ì½-®ñ­-¢º¤-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½ -Áì½ -© -ꉸ-Ä -Áìɸ-ê÷¡-Àº¡½¦¾­-ê†-À ñ­-¢º¤-ºö¤¡¾­-

À¹ù‰¾­­ ¹ùõ ºö¤¡¾­-À¹ù‰¾­­-À¡ñ®-»ñ¡¦¾- ¥½-®Ò«õ¡-쾸-¤ìÕ-®Ò-Ä©É-¥½Á È­-µøÈ-æ-¡Òª¾´.

´¾©ª¾ 7© -¯¾¦½¥¾¡-¡¾­-¥¿¡ñ©-©É¸ -¡¾­-£¸®-£÷-´ê¾¤-©É¾­-¡¾­-À¤ò­, ©É¸¨-ì½®¼®¡¾­ Áì½ ¡¾­-

¤ö©-í-ê÷¡»ø®-¡¾­.(¡). ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-©„¤¡È¾¸ ó-¦ò©-¡¿-©º¤-êô­, £¿ ¹ùõ À¤ò­ª¾-ê÷¡-¦½¡÷­ Áì½ -À ó©-®ñ­§ó-

À ñ­À¤ò­-¦½¡÷­-À¤ò­ª¾-é-¡Ò-Ä©É;(¢). ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-©„¤¡È¾¸ ó-¦ò©-º­-À¤ò­, £¿ ¹ùõ À¤ò­ª¾-ê÷¡-¦½¡÷­ ¥¾¡-¯½-Àê©Î‡¤ -

Ä -ºó¡-¯½-Àê©Î‡¤ ¹ùõ º­-µøÈ-²¾ -í-ê÷¡-¯½-Àê© -Áì½ È¼­-À¤ò­ª¾-¦½¡÷­Ã©Î‡¤ À ñ­-¦½¡÷­-º­-é-¡Ò-Ä©É-.

´¾©ª¾ 8-© -çÉ-¦ò©-ê†-¡¿­ö©-ĸÉ-í-´¾©ª¾ 7 ¢É¾¤-Àêò¤, -ÁªÈ-ì½-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½ -¥½-ªÉº¤-£¿­ô¤-À«ò¤-£¿-

«½-Á¹ù¤¢º¤-ìñ©«½®¾­ ¢º¤-ìñ©-²¾£ó¢º¤-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¦½®ñ®-­š -í-¢º®-À¢©-ê†-ªö­-£ò©-¸È¾ -ªö­-¦¾´¾©-À»ñ©--ùÉ-£¿-«½-Á¹ù¤­­- ó-°ö­-©¨¯¾¦½¥¾¡-°ö­-À¦ -¹¾ -ªÒ°ö­-¯½-¹ -©¢º¤-ºö¤¡¾­-©„¤¡È¾¸.

17

´¾©ª¾ 9ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½- ²Éº -©É¸ -§ñ®¦ò­, 쾨-Ä©É Áì½ §ñ®-¦ö´®ñ©-º­Å ¥½-ªÉº¤-«õ¡:(¡). ö¡-À¸ûñ­-¥¾¡-¡¾­-À¡ñ®-²¾¦ó-© -¡ö¤ -À«ò¤-µÈ¾¤-é-¡Òª¾ - À -ñ­ê†-À¢í¾-Ã¥-¸È¾ ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-

À²¾½-¥½-®Ò긤-Àºö¾¡¾­- ö¡--À¸˜­²¾¦ó §‡¤-í-ªö¸-¥ò¤-Áìɸ -¡Ò-À ñ­-²¼¤£È¾-ê¿­¼´¡¾­-®ðìò¡¾­-¦¾ê¾-ì½-­½ -Àꉾ-­ñû­ ;

(¢). ö¡-À¸˜­¥¾¡-²¾¦ó-, ¡¾­-À¡õº©-¹É¾´ -Áì½ ¢Ó-¥¿¡ñ©-ªÒ¦…¤-¢º¤-­¿-À¢í¾ ¹ùõ ¦‰¤-ºº¡¢º¤-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½ -À²º-»ñ®-çÉ-¸¼¡¤¾­-꾤-ìñ©«½¡¾­, -À«ò¤-µÈ¾¤-é-¡Òª¾´ -À ñ­-ê†-À¢í¾-Ã¥-¸È¾ -¦…¤-¢º¤-­¿-À¢í¾-²¾ -êÉ-¡¾­- ö¡-À¸˜­£õ-©„¤¡È¾¸-­­ ¥½-®Ò«õ¡-­¿-ºº¡-¢¾ -í-¯½-Àê©-ê†-¦…¤-¢º¤-À¹ù‰¾­­-«õ¡-­¿-À¢í¾-´¾ -À¸˜­-À¦ -ÁªÈ-²¾¨ÃªÉ-À¤º­-Ä¢-§‡¤-Ä©É-ªö¡ìö¤-¡ñ®-ìñ©«½®¾­-¢º¤-¯½-Àê©-©„¤¡È¾¸-Áìɸ ;

(£). ö¡À¸˜­¡¾­-À¡ñ®-º¾¡º­, ¡¾­-À¡õº©-¹É¾´ -Áì½ ¡¾­-¥¿¡ñ©-ªÒ¡¾­-­¿-À¢í¾ -Áì½ ¦‰¤-ºº¡-Àº¡½¦¾­-¦…¤-²ò -ªÈ¾¤Å.

´¾©ª¾ 10-© -À ñ­¹ùñ¡¡¾­-ꉸ-į -í-À´º-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½- ¥½-®Ò¦¾´¾©-긤-¡¾­- ö¡-À¸˜­²¾¦ó-º¾

¡º­-¥¾¡-¡¾­-¢¾ -¦ñ¤¹¾-ìó´½-§ñ® Áì½ º½¦ñ¤¹¾ìò´½-§ñ® §‡¤-À ñ­-²¾¡¦È¸­Î‡¤¢º¤-ì¾£¾-§ñ®-¦ò­-ê†-¥½-ªÉº¤-¥È¾¨, -ÁªÈ-¸È¾-À´º-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½- ¹¾¡- ó-¡¾­-§›¦…¤-¢º¤-¦¿£ñ­-À²º-çÉ-꾤-ìñ©«½¡¾­ §‡¤-«õ¡-À¡ñ®-²¾¦ó-º¾¡º­ ¹ùõ º¾©-¥½-«õ¡-À¡ñ®-²¾¦ó-º¾¡º­, ìñ©-²¾£ó-¢º¤-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¦½®ñ®-­š ¥½-ê¿-¡¾­-¡½¡¼´ê¾¤-©É¾­-®ðìò¹¾­-ê†-ÀϾ½¦ö´ -À²º-¦‰¤-£õ­-¥¿-­¸­-À¤ò­-²¾¦ó ¹ùõ º¾¡º­-ê†-Ä©É-À¡ñ®-­­-£õ­-ùÉ-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½.

ϸ©êó IV

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´¾©ª¾ 11-À²º-¦½©¸¡-í-¡¾­-¦¦¾­ê¾¤-ìñ©«½¡¾­ µøÈ-í-©ò­-Á©­-¢º¤-ìñ©-²¾£ó-¢º¤-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¦½®ñ®-­š,

-ÁªÈ-ì½-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½À²¾½-¥½-ªÉº¤-Ä©É-»ñ®-¡¾­-¯½²ô©-ªÒ-À -ñ­µÈ¾¤-©ó ®ÒªÔ-¡¸È¾-¡¾­-¯½²ô©-¢º¤-ìñ©«½®¾­¢º¤-ìñ©-©„¤¡È¾¸ -ùÉ- ó-Á¡È-ìñ©«½®¾­-º­, 츴êñ¤-¦¿­ñ¡-¡¾­-êø©-¢º¤-®ñ­©¾-ìñ©«½®¾­-À¹ù‰¾­­ í-©É¾­-ùÉ-®øìò-´½-¦ò©, ºñ©ª¾-ì¾£¾ -Áì½ ²¾¦ó-¡È¼¸¡ñ®-¡¾­-¦‰¤-į¦½­ó, -Âêì½-Àì¡, ¸òê½ ÷, -Âêì½²¾®, -Âê콦ñ® -Áì½ ¡¾­-¦¦¾­-º­ ²Éº -©É¸ -ºñ©ª¾-ì¾£¾-«½-Á¹ù¤¢È¾¸-꾤Îñ¤¦õ-²ò´ -Áì½ òê½ ÷.

18

´¾©ª¾ 12¹É¾ -¡¸©¡¾-¥ö©Ï¾¨ê¾¤-¡¾­ Áì½ ¡¾­-¦¦¾­-꾤-ìñ©«½¡¾­-º­Å ¢º¤-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-

À²¾½.ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½ ó-¦ò©-­¿-ç¡ö©-ìñ®, ó-¦ò©-¦‰¤ -Áì½ »ñ®-¥ö©Ï¾¨©É¸ -£ö­-¦‰¤-¥ö-©Ï¾¨ ¹ùõ «ö¤-

À´, §‡¤-¥½-ªÉº¤-Ä©É-»ñ®-¡¾­-£÷É -¡ñ­ Áì½ º½²ò¦ò©-ºñ­-©¼¸¡ñ­-¡ñ®-°øÉ-¦‰¤-¥ö©Ï¾¨¡¾­-êø© -Áì½ «ö¤-À´¡¾­-êø©.

®Ò ó-¢Ó£¸¾ -é-í-´¾©ª¾-­š ¥½-ªÉº¤-«õ¡-ªó-£¸¾´Ï¾¨-Ä -í-꾤-ê†-¥½-ìö®-ìɾ¤®Ò-ùÉ- ó-¡¾­- ɺ¤-¡ñ­-£¸¾´-¯º©-IJ-ìȸ¤Îû¾ ê†-¥½-«õ¡-ªö¡ìö¤-¡ñ­-ì½¹¸È¾¤-ìñ©-²¾£ó-¢º¤-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¦½®ñ®-­š ¡ñ®-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½.

ϸ©êó V°øɪ¾¤Îû¾¢º¤-ìñ©-¦½´¾§ò¡

´¾©ª¾ 13°øɪ¾¤Îû¾¢º¤-ìñ©-¦½´¾§ò¡-ê†-À¢í¾-»È¸´-¡º¤-¯½§÷´ ¥ñ©-¢›­-© -ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-í-À¸ì¾-

¯½ªò®ñ©Îû¾ê† -Áì½ ì½¹¸È¾¤-¡¾­-À©ó­ê¾¤-į -Áì½ ¡ñ®-¥¾¡-®Èº­-¯½§÷ - ¥½-ªÉº¤-Ä©É-»ñ®-º½-²ò¦ò© -Á콦ò©-£÷É-´¡ñ­.

(¡). ¡¾­-£÷É -¡ñ­-¥¾¡-¡¾­-¥ñ®-¡÷´ -Áì½ £÷´¢ñ¤ -Áì½ ¹ó®-À£º¤--¢º¤-²¸¡-¡È¼¸¡Ò-Ä©É-»ñ®-¡¾­-£÷É -¡ñ­-¥¾¡-¡¾­- ô© -Áì½ ¡¾­- ö¡-À¸˜­¥¾¡-¡¾­-©¿-À­ó­-£½©ó- ɺ­-¡¾­-À¸í¾-¥¾-꾤-¸¾¥¾ -Áì½ -À ñ­-ì¾ -ìñ¡-ºñ¡¦º­, ¡Ò£õ-¡¾­-¡½ê¿-¢º¤-²¸¡-À¢í¾-À¥í¾-ª¾´Îû¾ê†-꾤-ìñ©«½¡¾­;

(¢). Îñ¤¦õ Áì½ -Àº¡½¦¾­-ê÷¡-µÈ¾¤-¥½-ªÉº¤-«õ¡-ìȸ¤-ìÕ-®Ò-Ä©É;(£). ¦ò©êò-í-¡¾­-çÉ-¡ö©-ìñ® -Áì½ -í-¡¾­-»ñ®Îñ¤¦õ Áì½ ¥ö©Ï¾¨ê†-¦‰¤-´¾-­¿-£ö­-¦‰¤-¥ö©Ï¾¨

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23

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¡Ò£õ-¦½´¾§ò¡-¢º¤-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-ê÷¡-¯½-Àê© -Áì½ ¹ö¸Îû¾±È¾ -®ðìò¹¾­-¢º¤-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-¡È¼¸¡ñ®-¡¾­-¨­¦¾­-À¢í¾-»È¸´-À ñ­-²¾£ó-ÁªÈ-콦½-®ñ® ê†-Ä©É-»ñ®-ª¾ -´¾©ª¾ 41 Áì½ ¡È¼¸¡ñ®-¡¾­-Á¥É¤-ªÈ¾¤Åª¾´-´¾©ª¾ 43 ê†-Ä©É-»ñ® -ªÒ¥¾¡-­­-´¾ ¹ö¸Îû¾±È¾¨-®ðìò¹¾­-¢º¤-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-¥½-ªÉº¤-Á¥É¤-ùÉ-À좾êò¡¾­-ù Ȧ½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾© -Áì½ ¯½-Àê©-¢º¤-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-ê†-¡È¼¸¢Éº¤-§¾®¡È¼¸¡ñ®-¡¾­-µ­¦¾­-À¢í¾-»È¸´-ê÷¡-¦½®ñ®-ê†-À¡ñ®-»ñ¡¦¾-­¿-À좾êò¡¾­-ù Ȧ½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾© ª¾´-´¾©ª¾ 42.

´¾©ª¾ 46-À ñ­-ê†-À¢í¾-Ã¥-¸È¾ -À´º-¦¾­À¢í¾»È¸´-À ñ­-²¾£ó-é·¤ ¹ùõ ¡¾­-Á¥É¤¹ùñ¤¥¾¡-­­-ê†-¨­-í-­¾ -

ª¾¤Îû¾¢º¤-ìñ©-é·¤, ìñ©-©„¤¡È¾¸-­š-¥½-µøÈ-í-«¾­½-ê†-ºó¤-æÈ-¡ö©Ï¾¨¢º¤-ìñ©-­­-Àº¤ ê†-¥½-¯½ªò®ñ©-ª¾´-À¤º­-Ä¢-¢º¤-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-ª¾ -ê†-Ä©É-©ñ©-Á¯¤ ©É¸¨-Àº¡½¦¾­-ªò©-Á­®-¦½®ñ®-¦ö´®ø­ ²ö¸²ñ­-À«ò¤-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-ê†-­º­-µøÈ-í-¢º®-À¢©-¢º¤-¦¾­-À¢í¾-»È¸´ ¹ùõ ¡¾­-Á¥É¤-¡¾­-©„¤¡È¾¸.

´¾©ª¾ 471. ö-¡-À¸˜­¡ðì½­ó-ê†-¡¿­ö©-ĸÉ-í-®ñ­ ñ©-¢º¤-¸ñ¡ 2 Áì½ 3 ¢º¤-´¾©ª¾-­š, -ÁªÈ-ì½-ìñ©-²¾£ó-¢º¤-

¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¦½®ñ®-­š »ñ®-ê†-¥½-­¿-çÉ-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¦½®ñ®-­š-¡ñ®--ÁªÈì½-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½ ê†-­º­-µøÈ-í-¢º®-À¢©-¢º¤-¦¾­-À¢í¾-»È¸´-À ñ­-²¾£ó ¹ùõ ¡¡¾­-Á¥É¤¹ùñ¤¥¾¡-­­, ¥ö­-¡¸È¾-À¸ì¾-é-ê†-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾ ¹ùõ Àº¡½¦¾­-ªò©-Á­®-êó-ú ó-¡¾­-©ñ©-Á¡É-­­-­¿-çÉ-Ä©É-¡ñ®-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-­­Áì½ ìñ©-©„¤-¡È¾¸¨º´»ñ®-¦ö­êò¦ñ­-¨¾ ¹ùõ Àº¡½¦¾­-ªò©-Á­®-¦½®ñ®-©ñ©-Á¯¤-­­. í-¡ðì½­ó-¢º¤-Àº¡½¦¾­-ªò©-Á­®-©ñ©-Á¯¤ ¡¾­-»ñ®»º¤-®ñ­-©¾-ìñ© ¥½-ªÉº¤-°È¾­-¡¾­-Á¥É¤-ùÉ-À좾êò¡¾­-ù¨È¦½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾©§¾® -Áì½ ¥½- ó-°ö­-¦ñ¡-¦ò©-À´º-À좾êò¡¾­Ä©-û»ñ®¡¾­-Á¥É¤-¡¾­-©„¤¡È¾¸.

2. À«ò¤-µÈ¾¤-é-¡Òª¾´ -ÁªÈ-ì½-ìñ©-²¾£ó-¢º¤-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¦½®ñ®-­š §‡¤-®Ò-Ä©É-À ñ­ ¹ùõ À§ö¾-À ñ­-¦½-À²¾½¦¾´¾©-Á¥É¤-¡¾­-À ñ­-ì¾ -ìñ¡-ºñ¡¦º­-Ä - ñ¤-À좾êò¡¾­-ù Ȧ½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾© -Áì½ ¹ö¸Îû¾±È¾ -®ðìò¹¾­-¢º¤-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-ê†-¡È¼¸¢Éº¤-§¾®¸È¾ -ªö­- ó-¥÷©-¯½¦ö¤-ê†-¥½-¤ö©-¡¾­-ùÉ-¯½-

28

¹¨©-Á¡È-ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-©„¤¡È¾¸-¥¾¡-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¦½®ñ®-­š ­ñ®-ÁªÈ-¸ñ­-êó-ê†-Ä©É-®‰¤-ĸÉ-í-­­§‡¤-¥½-®Ò-ĸ-¡Èº­-¦¾ -À©õº­-­ñ®-ÁªÈ- œ-ê†-Ä©É-»ñ®-¡¾­-Á¥É¤-©„¤¡È¾¸.

3. ÁªÈ-ì½-ìñ©-²¾£ó-¢º¤-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¦½®ñ®-­š ¦¾´¾©-¤ö©-ùÉ-¯½-¹ -©¥¾¡-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¦½®ñ®-­š--Á¡Èºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½-éŠêó-ú ÷©ªò-¦¾ -²ö¸²ñ­-¡ñ®-ºö¤¡¾­-¦½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾©.

4. À좾êò¡¾­-ù Ȧ½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾© ¥½-ªÉº¤-Á¥É¤-ùÉ-ê÷¡Å¯½-Àê©-¦½´¾§ò¡-ê†-À ñ­-²¾£ó-¢º¤-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¦½®ñ®-­š-§¾® ¡È¼¸¡ñ®-¡¾­-Á¥É¤-¡¾­-ê†-¦‰¤-À«ò¤-êȾ­ ²¾¨-êÉ-¢Ó-®ñ­ ñ©-¢º¤-´¾©ª¾-­š.

´¾©ª¾ 48-© -ºó¤-ª¾ -¡¾­¦½-ÀÎ󢺤-ìñ©-²¾£ó-¢º¤-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¦½®ñ®-¥¿­¸­Î‡¤¦È¸­-¦¾´, -À좾êò

¡¾­Ã¹ È-¦½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾©- ¥½-»¼¡¯½§÷´-À²º-©ñ©-Á¡É-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¦½®ñ®-­š.

´¾©ª¾ 49-À좾êò¡¾­-ù Ȧ½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾© ¥½-ªÉº¤-¦‰¤-¦¿-À­ö¾-¢º¤-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¦½®ñ®-­š-Ä -ùÉ-ÁªÈ-ì½-

ºö¤¡¾­-¸ò§¾-¦½-À²¾½ -Áì½ ìñ©«½®¾­-¢º¤-ÁªÈì½-¯½-Àê©-¦½´¾§ò¡-¢º¤-¦½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾©.

29

¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¡÷¤¸¼­ ¸È¾©É¸¨ ¡¾­²ö¸²ñ­ê¾¤¡¾­êø©, 1961

À»ñ©ê† ¡÷¤-¸¼­, ¸ñ­êó 18 À´¦¾ 1961.- ó°ö­®ñ¤£ñ®Ã§É¸ñ­êó 24 À´¦¾ 1964.

®ñ­©¾ìñ©²¾£ó¢º¤¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š,

©¨¹¸­£õ­Ä©É¸È¾ ª¤ÁªÈé´¾®ñ­©¾¯½§¾§ö­¢º¤ê÷¡¯½Àê©»ñ®»øÉ¡ö©ì½®¼®¢º¤¡¾­êø©,

©¨¦¿­ô¡À«ò¤¥÷©¯½¦ö¤ Áì½ ¹ìñ¡¡¾­¢º¤¡ö©®ñ©¦½¹½¯½§¾§¾© ¡È¼¸¡ñ®¦ò©¦½ÀÏó²¾®ÀÎõº¦…¤Ã©Å¢º¤®ñ­©¾ìñ© -í¡¾­»ñ¡¦¾¦ñ­ªò²¾® Áì½ £¸¾´Ï˜­£ö¤ì½¹¸È¾¤§¾©, Áì½Ã­¡¾­À¦ó´¢½¹¨¾¨¡¾­²ö¸²ñ­«¾­-À²º­ ò©ì½¹¸È¾¤¯½Àê©,

©¨À§ºÏ˜­¸ú¾ ¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¦¾¡ö­Ã©Î‡¤ ¡È¼¸¡ñ®¡¾­²ö¸²ñ­, Àº¡½¦ò© Áì½ ¡¾­£÷É´¡ñ­ê¾¤¡¾­êø© Ⱥ´À ñ­¡¾­¯½¡º®¦È¸­Ã­¡¾­¦‰¤À¦ó´Ã¹É ó¡¾­²ö¸²ñ­«¾­-À²º­ ò©ì½¹¸È¾¤¯½Àê© Â©¨®Ò¥¿Á­¡ì½®º®¡¾­ ö¡£º¤ Áì½ ¦ñ¤£ö´ÁªÈµÈ¾¤Ã©,

©¨¦¿­ô¡-Ä©É-¸È¾ ¥÷©¯½¦ö¤¢º¤¡¾­Ã¹ÉÀº¡½¦ò© Áì½ ¡¾­£÷É´¡ñ­©„¤¡È¾¸ ®ÒÁ È­¡¾­-Àºœºº¿­¸¨¦ò©êò-¯½-¹ -©Á¡Èªö¸®÷¡£ö­ ÁªÈÀ ñ­¡¾­»ñ®¯½¡ñ­¡¾­¯½ªò®ñ©Îɾꆢº¤¦½«¾­êø©Ã¹É 󯽦ò©êò²¾® í«¾­½À ñ­°øɪ¾¤Îɾ¢º¤ìñ©,

©¨µ¤µõ­¸È¾ ¹ìñ¡¡¾­¯½À²­ó¢º¤¡ö©Ï¾¨¦¾¡ö­ ¥½ªÉº¤¦õ®ªÒ­¿Ã§É À²º-º¿­¸ -£¸®-£÷´ê÷¡®ñ­¹¾ê† ñ¤®Òêñ­Ä©É»ñ®-¡¾­¡¿­ö©µÈ¾¤¥½Á¥É¤ í¢Ó®ñ­ ñ©¢º¤¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š,

¥‡¤-ĩɪö¡ìö¤¡ñ­ ©„¤ªÒį­š:

´¾©ª¾ 1À²õúº£¸¾´À¢í¾Ã¥Ã­¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š, £¿¦ñ®ªÈ¾¤Åê†Ã§É Ⱥ´ 󣸾´¹´¾¨ ª¾´ê†Ä©û

ì½®÷-Ä¸É ©„¤-ªÒį­š:

(¡) £¿¸È¾: ”¹ö¸Îɾ¦½«¾­êø©” Ͼ¨À«ò¤ ®÷¡£ö­ê†«õ¡ÁªÈ¤ª¤¥¾¡ìñ©ê†¦‰¤ À²õúºÄ¯¯½ªò®ñ©Îɾê†À ñ­¹ö¸Îɾ¢º¤¦½«¾­êø©;

(¢) £¿¸È¾: “¦½´¾§ò¡¦½«¾­êø©” Ͼ¨À«ò¤ ¹ö¸Îɾ¦½«¾­êø© Áì½ ²½­ñ¡¤¾­¯½¥¿¦½«¾­êø©;

30

(£) £¿¸È¾: “²½­ñ¡¤¾­¯½¥¿¦½«¾­êø©” Ͼ¨-À«ò¤ -²½­ñ¡-¤¾­-¡¾­-êø©, ²½­ñ¡¤¾­®ðìò¹¾­,²½­ñ¡¤¾­Àªñ¡­ò¡ -Áì½ ²½­ñ¡¤¾­-»ñ®--çɢº¤¦½«¾­êø©;

(¤) £¿-¸È¾: “²½­ñ¡¤¾­-¡¾­-êø©” Ͼ¨-À«ò¤- ²½­ñ¡¤¾­-¯½¥¿-¦½«¾­êø©- ê†- ó§­-¡¾­-êø©;

(¥) £¿-¸È¾: “­ñ¡-¡¾­-êø©” Ͼ¨-À«ò¤ ¹ö¸Îɾ-¦½«¾­êø© ¹ìõ ²½­ñ¡¤¾­-¡¾­-êø©- ¯½¥¿-¦½«¾­êø©;

(¦) £¿-¸È¾-: “²½­ñ¡¤¾­-®ðìò¹¾­ Áì½- Àªñ¡­ò¡” Ͼ¨-À«ò¤ -²½­ñ¡¤¾­¯½¥¿-¦½«¾­êø© ê†--À»ñ©¸¼¡-®ðìò¹¾­- Áì½- Àªñ¡­ò¡-¢º¤-¦½«¾­êø©;

(§) £¿-¸È¾: “²½­ñ¡¤¾­-»ñ®--çÉ-” Ͼ -À«ò¤- ²½­ñ¡¤¾­-¯½¥¿-¦½«¾­êø© ê†-»ñ®-çÉ-µøÈ-²¾ -í-¦½«¾­êø©;

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(©) £¿¸È¾: “¦½«¾­ê†¢º¤¦½«¾­êø©” Ͼ¨À«ò¤ º¾£¾­ ¹ìõ ²¾¡¦È¸­¢º¤º¾£¾­ Áì½ -À­œºê†-ºÉº -¢É¾¤-º¾£¾­©„¤¡È¾¸ §‡¤¥½À ñ­¡¿´½¦ò©¢º¤®÷¡£ö­Ã©¡ðª¾´, ꆻñ®-çÉ-¥÷©¯½¦ö¤¢º¤¦½«¾­êø© 츴êñ¤-À»õº­µøÈ-º¾-梺¤¹ö¸Îɾ¦½«¾­êø©Àº¤.

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´¾©ª¾ 31. Îɾêú󢺤£½­½­ñ¡-¡¾­êø©-é·¤ ¯½¡º®- ó󩄤­š:

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31

(¤) §º¡-¹¾-¢Ó- ø­-¢È¾¸¦¾­¡È¼¸¡ñ®¦½²¾®¡¾­ Áì½ ò¸ñ©ê½­¾¡¾­¢º¤À¹©¡¾­Ã­ìñ©êúó»ñ® ©É¸¨ê÷¡¸òêó꾤ꆫõ¡ªÉº¤ª¾´¡ö©Ï¾¨, Áìû¸ì¾¨¤¾­À캤©„¤¡È¾¸-Ä -

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¸ñ©ê½­½ê¿ Áì½ ¸ò꽨¾¦¾© ì½¹¸È¾¤ìñ©ê†¦‰¤ Áì½ ìñ©ê†»ñ®.2. ®Ò ó¢Ó®ñ­ ñ©Ã©Ã­¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š ꆺ¾©¥½«õ¡ªó£¸¾´Ï¾¨Ä¯Ã­ê¾¤ê†¡ó©¢¸¾¤

¡¾­¯½ªò®ñ©¸¼¡¤¾­¡ö¤¦÷­¢º¤¦½«¾­êø© .

´¾©ª¾ 41. ìñ©ê†¦‰¤ªÉº¤»øÉ-Á­È­º­-¡Èº­¸È¾ ®÷¡£ö­ê†ªö­-¦½-ÀÎó-ÁªÈ¤ª¤Ä¯À ñ­¹ö¸Îɾ¦½«¾­êø©¯½¥¿

ìñ©ê†»ñ®­­ Ä©É»ñ®£¸¾´À¹ñ­§º®¥¾¡ìñ©­­Áìɸ.2. ìñ©ê†»ñ®®Ò¥¿À ñ­Ã¹ÉÀ¹©°ö­ í¡¾­¯½ªòÀ¦©£¸¾´À¹ñ­§º®ªÒìñ©ê†¦‰¤.

´¾©ª¾ 51. Íñ¤¥¾¡Ä©ÉÁ¥É¤ª¾´-ì½®¼® -Áì½ £¸¾´-¥¿-À ñ­-ùɮñ­©¾ìñ©ê†»ñ®ê†¡È¼¸¢Éº¤§¾®Áìɸ,

ìñ©ê†¦‰¤º¾©¥½-ÁªÈ¤ª¤¹ö¸Îɾ¦½«¾­êø© ¹ìõ ´º®-Ͼ -ùɲ½­ñ¡¤¾­¡¾­êø©°øÉé·¤, -ÁìɸÁªÈ¡ðì½­óªö¸-¥ò¤, į¯½¥¿µøȹ쾨Åìñ©²Éº´¡ñ­ «É¾¸È¾ìñ©Î‡¤Ã­®ñ­©¾ìñ©ê†»ñ®­˜­®Ò-Ä©É-¦½-Á©¤-£¸¾ -À¹ñ­£ñ©£É¾­µÈ¾¤-¥½-Á¥É¤.

2. «É¾¸È¾ìñ©ê†¦‰¤ÁªÈ¤ª¤¹ö¸Îɾ¦½«¾­êø© °øÉé·¤¯½¥¿ìñ©-·¤ ¹ìõ ¹ì¾¨ìñ©, ìñ©©„¤¡È¾¸º¾©¥½¦É¾¤ª¤¦½«¾­êø©µøȲ¾¨Ã­ÁªÈì½ìñ© ²¾¨ÃªÉ¡¾­§š­¿¢º¤º÷¯½êø©§‰¸£¾¸«É¾¸È¾¹ö¸Îɾ¦½«¾­êø©®Ò 󦽫¾­ê†¯½ªò®ñ©-¸¼¡-¤¾­«¾¸º­µøȲ¾¨Ã­ìñ©À¹ì‰¾­­.

3. ¹ö¸Îɾ¦½«¾­êø© ¹ìõ ²½­ñ¡¤¾­¡¾­êø©°øÉé·¤ º¾©¥½ª¾¤ÎɾùÉìñ©ê†¦‰¤Ä©ûíê÷¡ºö¤¡¾­¥ñ©ª¤ì½¹È¸¾¤§¾©.

´¾©ª¾ 6¦º¤ ¹ìõ ¹ì¾¨ìñ©º¾©¥½ÁªÈ¤ª¤®÷¡£ö­°øÉ©¼¸ -À ñ­¹ö¸Îɾ¦½«¾­êø©¯½¥¿µøÈê†ìñ©Ã©

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´¾©ª¾ 7À¸­À¦¨ÁªÈ¥½À ñ­Ä¯ª¾´¢Ó®ñ­ ñ©¢º¤´¾©ª¾ 5 , 8, 9 -Áì½ 11, ìñ©ê†¦‰¤ ¦¾´¾©ÁªÈ¤ª¤

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32

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´¾©ª¾ 81. ª¾´¹ìñ¡¡¾­Áìɸ, ²½­ñ¡¤¾­¡¾­êø© £¸­¥½ ó¦ñ­§¾©¢º¤ìñ©ê†¦‰¤.2. ²½­ñ¡¤¾­¡¾­êø©¢º¤¦½«¾­êø© ®Ò-¦¾´¾©«õ¡Àìõº¡Àºö¾¥¾¡£ö­¦ñ¤¡ñ©¦ñ­§¾©¢º¤ìñ©

ꆻñ®Ä©É ö¡-À¸˜­-ÁªÈ-¡ðì½­ó- 󣸾´À¹ñ­²Éº´¢º¤ìñ©©„¤¡È¾¸ À§…¤ìñ©­š Ⱥ´«º­£¸¾´À¹ñ­²Éº´­šÄ©Éê÷¡À¸ì¾.

3. ¡È¼¸¡ñ®®÷¡£ö­¦ñ¤¡ñ©¦ñ­§¾©¢º¤ìñ©ê󦾴 ꆮÒÀ ñ­®÷¡£ö­¦ñ¤¡ñ©¦ñ­§¾©¢º¤ìñ©ê†¦‰¤ºó¡-©É¸ -­­, ìñ©ê†»ñ®º¾©¥½¦½¹¤¸­¦ò©-À§„­-©¼¸-¡ñ­­šÄ©É.

´¾©ª¾ 91. ìñ©ê†»ñ®º¾©¥½Á¥É¤¡¾­Ã¹Éìñ©ê†¦‰¤Ä©Éê÷¡-À¸ì¾ Áì½ Â©¨®Ò¥¿À ñ­Ã¹ÉÀ¹©°ö­Ã­¡¾­

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´¾©-ª¾ IVº½-­÷-¦ñ­-¨¾- ¦½-®ñ®-­š ¥½ªÉº¤Ä©É»ñ®¡¾­¦ñ©ª½¨¾®ñ­. ¦¾­¦ñ©ª½¨¾®ñ­ ¥½ªÉº¤«õ¡À¡ñ®»ñ¡

¦¾Ä¸É ­¿À좾ê󡾭ù Ȧ½¹½¯½§¾§¾©.

49

´¾©-ª¾ Vº½-­÷-¦ñ­-¨¾-¦½-®ñ®-­š ñ¤¥½ªÉº¤À ó©»ñ®Àºö¾¡¾­À¢í¾»È¸´À ñ­²¾£ó¢º¤ê÷¡Å¯½Àê© ê†º¾©¥½

À ñ­²¾£ó¢º¤¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾. ¦¾­À¢í¾»È¸´À ñ­²¾£ó ¥½ªÉº¤«õ¡À¡ñ®»ñ¡¦¾Ä¸É­¿À좾êò¡¾­Ã¹ Ȧ½¹½¯½§¾§¾©.

´¾©-ª¾ VI1. º½-­÷-¦ñ­-¨¾-¦½-®ñ®-­š ¥½ªÉº¤ ó-°ö­®ñ¤-£ñ®-çÉ- í- œ©¼¸-¡ñ­-¡ñ®¦ö­-êò-¦ñ­-¨¾ Íõ í œê†¦¾´-¦ò®- -

Íñ¤¥¾¡-Ä©É- ó¡¾­¨­¦¾­¦ñ©-ª½-¨¾-®ñ­ Íõ ¦¾­-À¢í¾-»È¸´-À ñ­-²¾-£ó¢º¤º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½-®ñ®ê󦺤ùÉ-Á¡ÈÀì-¢¾-êò-¡¾­-ùÈ-¨¦½-¹½-¯½-§¾-§¾©, œÃ©-´¾-ì÷­ Á È­-Àºö¾- œ­­.

2. ¦¿-ìñ®-¯½Àê©Ã© ê†-Ä©É-ùɦñ©-ª½-¨¾-®ñ­ Íõ Ä©É-À¢í¾-»È¸´-À ñ­-²¾-£ó¢º¤º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾-¦½-®ñ®-­š Íñ¤-¥¾¡- ó-°ö­-®ñ¤-£ñ® çÉ-ª¾ -¸ñ¡ 1 ¢º¤´¾©-ª¾-­š, º½-­÷-¦ñ­-¨¾-¥½- ó-°ö­-®ñ¤-£ñ®-Ã§É Ã­- œ-êó¦¾ -¦ò® Íñ¤-¥¾¡-¯½Àê©­­Ä©É-¨­-¦¾­¦ñ©-ª½-¨¾-®ñ­ Íõ ¦¾­-À¢í¾-»È¸´-À ñ­-²¾-£ó.

´¾©-ª¾ VIIÀì-¢¾-êò-¡¾­-ùÈ-¨¦½-¹½-¯½-§¾-§¾© ¥½-ªÉº¤-Ä©É-Á¥É¤-ùÉê÷¡¯½Àê© ê† º¾©¥½-¡¾ -À ñ­-²¾-£ó

¢º¤-¦ö­-êò-¦ñ­-¨¾§¾®©„¤ªÒį­š:1. -¡¾­-ìö¤-­¾´ í-º½-­÷-¦ñ­-¨¾-¦½-®ñ®-­š Áì½ -¦¾­-¦ñ©-ª½-¨¾-®ñ­ Íõ ¦¾­-À¢í¾-»È¸´-À ñ­-²¾-£ó ª¾´

´¾©-ª¾ III, IV Áì½ V.2. ¸ñ­-êó ê†-º½-­÷-¦ñ­-¨¾¦½-®ñ®-­š ¥½- ó-°ö­-®ñ¤-£ñ®-Ã§É ª¾´-´¾©-ª¾ IV.

´¾©-ª¾ VIIIº½-­÷-¦ñ­-¨¾¦½-®ñ®ªí­À ñ­²¾-¦¾¥ó­, ºñ¤-¡ò©, ±½ì„¤, ëñ©-À§¨ Áì½ Áº-ñ©¦½-¯¾¨ §‡¤-ìɸ­-ÁªÈ ó-

£÷­-£È¾-Àꉾ-ê¼´-¡ñ­­­ ¥½-ªÉº¤-«õ¡-À¡ñ®-»ñ¡-¦¾-ĸɭ¿-Àì-¢¾-êò-¡¾­-ùÈ-¨¦½-¹½-¯½-§¾-§¾©, ¥¾¡­­ Àì-¢¾-êò-¡¾­-ùÈ-¨ ¥½-ªÉº¤-¦‰¤¦½-®ñ®-¦¿-À­ö¾ ꆵ¤µõ­«õ¡ªÉº¤Áìɸ ùɮñ­-©¾-¯½-Àê©-ꆮ‰¤-ĸÉí-´¾©-ª¾ III.

À²º-À ñ­-Íñ¡-«¾­-²½-¨¾­, °øÉ-ê†-Ä©É-«õ¡-´º®-¦ò© µÈ¾¤-Àªñ -¦È¸­ Áì½ «õ¡-ªÉº¤-¥¾¡-ìñ©-«½-®¾­-¢º¤-ªö­ ¥‡¤-Ä©É-ìö¤-­¾´ í-º½-­÷-¦ñ­-¨¾-¦-½-®ñ®-­š.

ê† ¡÷¤¸¼­, ¸ñ­-êó 18 À´-¦¾ 1961.

50

º½­÷-¦ñ­¨¾¢º¤-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¡÷¤¸¼­ -¸È¾©É¸¨ ¡¾­²ö¸²ñ­¡¾­êø©¡È¼¸-¡ñ®-¡¾­-Á¡ÉÄ¢¢Ó¢ñ©Á ȤÁ®®®ñ¤£ñ®, 1961

-À»ñ©ê†- ¡÷¤-¸¼­, ¸ñ­-êó 18 À´¦¾ 1961-.

-®ñ­©¾ìñ©²¾£ó¢º¤º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š Áì½ ¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¡÷¤¸¼­¸È¾©É¸¨¡¾­²ö¸²ñ­¡ö¤¦÷­,§‡¤ªÒį­šÀºš­¸È¾ ”¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾” »ñ®»º¤Àºö¾Â©¨ ¡º¤¯½§÷´ºö¤¡¾­¦½¹½¯½§¾§¾©£¤¸ñ­êó 2 ó­¾À«ò¤ 14 À´¦¾ ó 1991 ê† ¡÷¤¸¼­.

© -¦½-Á©¤£¸¾´¯¾©«½Î¾ê†¥½­¿Ã§Éº¿­¾©Á®®®ñ¤£ñ®¢º¤¦¾­ ÷ªò꿦¾¡ö­Ã­ê÷¡®ñ­¹¾ê†²ö¸²ñ­¡ñ®²¸¡ªö­Ã­À캤¢Ó¢ñ©Á Ȥê†À¡ó©¥¾¡¡¾­ªó£¸¾´Ï¾¨Íõ¡¾­­¿Ã§É¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾, À¸˜­À¦¨ÁªÈê÷¡±È¾¨Ä©Éªö¡ìö¤À¹ñ­©óÀºö¾»ø®Á®®, ¡¾­Á¡ÉÄ¢Á­¸º­Ã­Ä쨽À¸ì¾ºñ­¦ö´À¹©¦ö´°ö­.

©„¤­­ ¥‡¤Ä©Éªö¡ìö¤©„¤ªÒį­š:´¾©ª¾ I

¢Ó¢ñ©Á Ȥê†À¡ó©´¾¥¾¡¡¾­ªó£¸¾´Ï¾¨ Íõ ¡¾­­¿Ã§É¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾ ¥½ªÉº¤­º­µøÈí¢º®À¢©¦ò©º¿­¾©Á®®®ñ¤£ñ®¢º¤¦¾­ ÷ªò꿦¾¡ö­. ©„¤­­, «É¾ ó¢Ó¢ñ©Á ȤéÀ¡ó©¢œ­¡Ò¦¾´¾©¢œ­¦¾­¦¾¡ö­©É¸¨£¿»Éº¤¢º¤±È¾¨Ã©±È¾¨¹­¤§‡¤À ñ­²¾£ó¢º¤º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š.

´¾©ª¾ II²¾¨Ã­¡¿­ö©¦º¤À©õº­ Íñ¤¥¾¡ óìñ©²¾£óé¹­‡¤Ä©ÉÁ¥É¤Ã¹Éºó¡ìñ©²¾£ó¹­‡¤§¾®¸È¾ ó¢Ó¢ñ©

Á ȤÀ¡ó©¢œ­ì½¹¸È¾¤¦º¤±È¾¨ º¾©ªö¡ìö¤­¿¡ñ­ê†¥½®Ò­¿Ã§É¦¾­ ÷ªò꿦¾¡ö­, ÁªÈÀìõº¡Àºö¾¦¾­º¾­÷¨¾Âªª÷쾡¾­ ÁªÈ«É¾¡¿­ö©À¸ì¾¦º¤À©õº­°È¾­Ä¯Áìɸ ±È¾¨Ã©±È¾¨¹­‡¤ ¦¾´¾©­¿®ñ­¹¾¢Ó¢ñ©Á Ȥ¢œ­¦¾­ ÷ªò꿦¾¡ö­.

´¾©ª¾ III1. ²¾¨Ã­Ä쨽¦º¤À©õº­­­ ìñ©²¾£óí¢Ó¢ñ©Á Ȥ©úñ¤¡È¾¸ ¦¾´¾©ªö¡ìö¤¡ñ­»ñ®Àºö¾¸òêó¡¾­

¯½­ó¯½­º´Á®®Ã©Á®®¹­‡¤ ¡Èº­¥½ ö¡®ñ­¹¾¢œ­¦¾­ ÷ªò꿦¾¡ö­.2. £½­½¡¿´½¡¾­¯½­ò¯½­º´ ¥½ªÉº¤Ä©É ó¢Ó¦½ÀÎóÁ­½²¾¨Ã­¡¿­ö©¹É¾À©õº­ Íñ¤¥¾¡«õ¡

ÁªÈ¤ª¤ ÁªÈ«É¾¢Ó¦½ÀÎóÁ­½­­«õ¡¯½ªòÀ¦©Â©¨£øÈ¢ñ©Á Ȥ²¾¨Ã­Ä쨽¦º¤À©õº­Íñ¤¥¾¡Ä©É»ñ®Áìɸ ±È¾¨Ã©±È¾¨¹­‡¤¦¾´¾©¢¼­£¿»Éº¤ ö¡®ñ­¹¾¢œ­¦¾­ ÷ªò꿦¾¡ö­Ä©É.

51

´¾©ª¾ IVìñ©²¾£ó¢º¤¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾, ¢º¤º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¸È¾©É¸¨¡¾­¢ð¦ñ­§¾© Áì½ ¢º¤º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®

­š ¦¾´¾©¯½¡¾©ê÷¡À´º¸È¾ ²¸¡À¢ö¾À¥í¾¥½¢½¹¨¾ -¡¾­­¿Ã§É¢Ó®ñ­ ñ©¢º¤º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š¡ñ®¢Ó¢ñ©Á Ȥê†À¡ó©¥¾¡¡¾­ªó£¸¾´Ï¾¨ Íõ ¡¾­­¿Ã§Éº½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¸È¾©É¸¨¡¾­¢ð¦ñ­§¾©. ¡¾­¯½¡¾©©„¤¡È¾¸ ¥½ªÉº¤Ä©ÉÁ¥É¤Ã¹ÉÀ좾êò¡¾­Ã¹ Ȧ½¹½¯½§¾§¾© §¾®.

´¾©ª¾ Vº½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š ¥½ªÉº¤À ó©»ñ®Àºö¾¡¾­ìö¤­¾´¢º¤ê÷¡ìñ©ê†¥½¡¾¨À ñ­²¾£ó¢º¤¦ö­êò

¦ñ­¨¾©„¤­š: ꆡ½§¸¤¡¾­ªÈ¾¤¯½Àê¡ÂºÉ©ªëò©, ­ñ®ÁªÈ œÀ¯ó©»ñ®¥ö­»º© œ¸ñ­êó 31 ª÷ì¾ 1961 Áì½¥¾¡­­ê†¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­Ã¹ Ȧ½¹½¯½§¾§¾© ê† ­ò¸µº¡ ¥ö­»º©¸ñ­êó 31 ó­¾ 1962.

´¾©ª¾ VIº½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š¥½ªÉº¤Ä©Éùɦñ©ª½¨¾®ñ­. ¦¾­¦ñ©ª½¨¾®ñ­ ¥½ªÉº¤Ä©É«õ¡À¡ñ®»ñ¡¦¾Ä¸É­¿

À좾êò¡¾­Ã¹ Ȧ½¹½¯½§¾§¾©.´¾©ª¾VII

º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š ñ¤¥½ªÉº¤¦õ®ªÒÀ ó©»ñ®¡¾­À¢í¾»È¸´À ñ­²¾£ó¢º¤ê÷¡ìñ©ê†¥½¡¾¨À ñ­²¾£ó¢º¤¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾. ¦¾­À¢í¾»È¸´À ñ­²¾£ó ¥½ªÉº¤À¡ñ®»ñ¡¦¾Ä¸É­¿À좾êò¡¾­Ã¹ Ȧ½¹½¯½§¾§¾©.

´¾©ª¾ VIII1. º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š ¥½ªÉº¤ ó°ö­®ñ¤£ñ®Ã§Éí œ©¼¸¡ñ­¡ñ®¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾ Íõ ²¾¨Ã­¦¾´¦ò®¸ñ­Íñ¤¥¾¡

Ä©É ó¡¾­¨­¦¾­Ã¹É¦ñ©ª½¨¾®ñ­ Íõ ¦¾­À¢í¾»È¸´À ñ­²¾£ó¢º¤º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š ùÉÁ¡ÈÀ좾êò¡¾­Ã¹ Ȧ½¹½¯½§¾§¾© œÃ©´¾ì÷­Á È­Àºö¾ œ­ñû­.

2. ¦¿ìñ®¯½Àê©Ã©ê†Ã¹É¦ñ©ª½¨¾®ñ­ ÍõÄ©ÉÀ¢í¾»È¸´À ñ­²¾£ó¢º¤º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š Íñ¤¥¾¡ ó°ö­®ñ¤£ñ®Ã§Éª¾´¸ñ¡êó 1 ¢º¤´¾©ª¾­š, º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¥½ªÉº¤ ó°ö­®ñ¤£ñ®Ã§Éí œê󦾴¦ò®Íñ¤¥¾¡ìñ©­­Ä©É¨­¦¾­¦ñ©ª½¨¾®ñ­ Íõ À¢öû¾»È¸´À ñ­²¾£óÁìɸ.

´¾©ª¾ IXÀ좾êò¡¾­Ã¹ Ȧ½¹½¯½§¾§¾© ¥½ªÉº¤Ä©ÉÁ¥É¤Ã¹Éê÷¡ìñ©ê†¥½¡¾¨À ñ­ìñ©²¾£ó¢º¤¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾

§¾®¡È¼¸¡ñ®:

52

(1) ¡¾­ìö¤­¾´Ã­º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š ²Éº´©É¸¨¡¾­¨­¦¾­Ã¹É¦ñ©ª½¨¾®ñ­Íõ¦¾­À¢öû¾»È¸´À ñ­²¾£óª¾´ ´¾©ª¾ V, VI, Áì½ VII.

(2) ¡¾­¯½¡¾©ª¾´´¾©ª¾ IV ¢º¤º½­÷¦ñ­¨®¾¦½®ñ®­š.(3) ¸ñ­êó ꆺ½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š¥½ ó°ö­®ñ¤£ñ®Ã§Éª¾´´¾©ª¾ VII.

´¾©ª¾ Xº½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®ªí­ §‡¤À ñ­²¾¦¾¥ó­, ºñ¤¡ò©, ±½ì„¤, ëñ©À§¨ Áì½ Áºñ©¦½¯¾¨ ìɸ­ÁªÈ ó£÷È­£È¾

Àꉾ꼴¡ñ­­­ ¥½ªÉº¤«õ¡-À¡ñ®»ñ¡¦¾Ä¸É­¿À좾êò¡¾­Ã¹ Ȧ½¹½¯½§¾§¾©. ¥¾¡­­À좾êò¡¾­Ã¹ È¥½¦‰¤¦½®ñ®¦¿À­ö¾ê†µ„¤µõ­«õ¡ªÉº¤Áìɸ ¦‰¤Ä¯Ã¹ÉÏö©ê÷¡ìñ© ê†ì½®÷ĸÉí´¾©ª¾ V.

À²ºÀ ñ­Íñ¡«¾­²½¨¾­, °øÉê†Ä©É«õ¡´º®¦ò©µÈ¾¤Àªñ´¦È¸­ Áì½ «õ¡ªÉº¤¥¾¡ìñ©«½®¾­¢º¤ªö­¥‡¤Ä©Éìö¤­¾´Ã­º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š.

ê† ¡÷¤¸¼­, ñ­êó 18 À´¦¾ 1961.

53

¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¡÷¤¸¼­ ¸È¾-©É¸ - ¡¾­-²ö¸²ñ­¡ö¤¦÷­, 1963

À»ñ©ê† ¡÷¤¸¼­ ¸ñ­êó 24 À´¦¾ 1963. ó°ö­®ñ¤£ñ®Ã§É¸ñ­-êó 19 À´¦¾ 1967.

®ñ­©¾-ìñ©-²¾£ó-¢º¤ ¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¦½®ñ®-­š,

-© -¹¸­-£õ­-Ä©É-¸È¾ ª¤-ÁªÈ-é-´¾ ¡¾­-²ö¸²ñ­-꾤-¡ö¤¦÷­-Ä©É-À£ó - ó-´¾-ì½-¹¸È¾¤-®ñ­©¾-¯½§¾§ö­,

-© -£¿­ô¤-À«ò¤-¥÷©¯½¦ö¤ -Áì½ ¹ùñ¡¡¾­--¢º¤-¡ö©-®ñ©-¦½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾© ¡È¼¸¡ñ®-¦ò©¦½-ÀÏó²¾®-ÀÎõº¦…¤--éŢº¤-®ñ­©¾-ìñ©-ªÈ¾¤Å í-¡¾­-»ñ¡¦¾-¦ñ­ªò²¾® -Áì½ £¸¾-´Ï˜­£ö¤-ì½¹¸È¾¤-§¾© Áì½ -í-¡¾­-À¦ó -¢½¹¨¾¨-¡¾­-²ö¸²ñ­-«¾­- ò©-ì½¹¸È¾¤-¯½-Àê©,

-© -«õ-¸È¾-¡º¤-¯½§÷ -¦½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾© ¡È¼¸¡ñ®-¡¾­-²ö¸²ñ­ Áì½ ¡¾­-£÷É -¡ñ­-꾤¡¾­-êø© -Ä©É-ìö¤´½ªò-»ñ®-Àºö¾-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¡÷¤-¸¼­ ¸È¾-©É¸ - ¡¾­-²ö¸²ñ­-꾤-¡¾­-êø©-§‡¤-Ä©É-»ñ®-¡¾­-ìö¤-­¾ -í- œ-¸ñ­-êó18 À´¦¾ 1961,

-© -À§ºÏ˜­¸È¾ ¢Ó-ªö¡ìö¤-ì½¹¸È¾¤-§¾©-ºñ­-é·¤¡È¼¸¡ñ®-¡¾­-²ö¸²ñ­, º½²ò¦ò© -Áì½ ¡¾­-£÷É -¡ñ­-꾤-¡¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­ Ⱥ-´ À ñ­-¡¾­-¯½¡º®¦È¸­-í-¡¾­-¦‰¤-À¦ó -ùÉ- ó-¡¾­-²ö¸²ñ­-«¾­- ò©-ì½¹¸È¾¤-¯½-Àê© -© -®Ò¥¿-Á­-¡ì½®º®-¡¾­- ö¡£º¤ -Áì½ ì½®º®-¦ñ¤£ö -ÁªÈ-µÈ¾¤-é,

-© -»ñ®-»øɸȾ ¥÷©¯½¦ö¤-¢º¤-¡¾­-ùÉ-º½²ò¦ò© -Áì½ ¡¾­-£÷É -¡ñ­ ®Ò-Á È­-¡¾­-ùÉ-°ö­-¯½-¹ -©Á¡È-®÷¡£ö­, -ÁªÈ-À ñ­-¡¾­-»ñ®¯½¡ñ­-¡¾­-¯½ªò®ñ©Îû¾ê†-¡¾­- ùÉ- ó-¯½¦ò©-êò²¾®¢º¤¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­-í-­¾ -ìñ©-¢º¤-ð쾸,

-© -µõ­µñ­-¸È¾ ¹ùñ¡¡¾­-¯½-À²­ó-¡ö©Ï¾¨¦¾¡ö­ ¥½-ªÉº¤-­¿-´¾-çÉ-ªÒ-Ä -í-ê÷¡-®ñ­¹¾-ê†- ñ¤-®Òêñ­-Ä©É-Á¡É-Ä¢-µÈ¾¤-¥½-Á¥É¤ -í-¢Ó-®ñ­ ñ©-¢º¤-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾-¦½®ñ®-­š,

¥‡¤-ªö¡ìö¤-¡ñ­-©„¤-ªÒ-Ä -­š :

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3. í-À´º-ìñ©-ê†-À ñ­-ê†-ª¤-¹¾¡-À¹ñ­-©ó-­¿, ìñ©-ê†-¦‰¤-º¾©-À»ñ©-î-Á¥É¤-¡¾­-§‡¤- ó쾨콺¼©ª¾´-ê†-®‰¤-ĸÉ-í-ªº­ 1 ¢º¤-´¾©ª¾-­š Áê­-¦ñ­¨¾®ñ©-ÁªÈ¤-ª¤ ¹ùõ Àº¡½¦¾­-ê†- ó-ìñ¡¦½­½-©¼¸¡ñ®¡Ò-Ä©É.

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1. ¹ö¸Îû¾¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­ «õ¡-»ñ®-Àºö¾-ùÉ-¯½ªò®ñ©Îû¾ê†-¡¾­-¢º¤-ªö­ © --­÷¨¾©-¢º¤-ìñ©-ê†-À ñ­ê†-ª¤ §‡¤-ùÉ-§¸È¾ ”®ñ©-À¹ñ­-§º®” î-º½­÷¨¾©-©„¤¡È¾¸-¥½-ºº¡-ùÉ-í-»ø®-Á®®-é-¡Ò-Ä©É.

2. ìñ©-ê†-®Ò ò­-¨º -ºº¡-®ñ©-À¹ñ­-§º®, ®Ò¥¿-À ñ­-¥½-Á¥É¤-À¹©°ö­-¢º¤-ªö­-ùÉ-ìñ©-ê†-¦‰¤-§¾®-ÁªÈ-µÈ¾¤-é.3. À¸­-À¦ -ÁªÈ-¥½-À ñ­-Ä -ª¾ -¢Ó-®ñ­ ñ©-¢º¤-´¾©ª¾ 13 Áì½ ´¾©ª¾ 15 ¹ö¸Îû¾¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­-

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2. ùÉ-Á¥É¤-§ -Áì½ ­¾´¦½¡÷­-¢º¤-°øɺ¿­¸¨¡¾­-²¾¤-Ä - ñ¤-¡½§¸¤-¡¾­-ªÈ¾¤¯½-Àê©-¢º¤-ìñ©-ê†-À ñ­-ê†-ª¤ ¹ùõ Ä - ñ¤-À¥í¾Îû¾ê†-ê†-«õ¡-´º®Ï¾¨¥¾¡-¡½§¸¤-©„¤¡È¾¸, ¡¾­-Á¥É¤-­š ùÉ-£½­-½-êø©-¢º¤-ìñ©-ê†-¦‰¤-À ñ­-°øÉ-¯½ªò®ñ© ¹ùõ «É¾-¹¾¡-®Ò ó-£½­½-êø©-ê†-¸È¾-­­ µøÈ-²¾ -í-ìñ©-ê†-À ñ­-ê†-ª¤-¡Ò-ùÉ-¹ö¸Îû¾¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­-Àº¤ ¹ùõ «É¾-°øɡȼ¸¹¾¡-ªò©-¢ñ© -ùÉ-À¥í¾Îû¾ê†-é-À¥í¾Îû¾ê†Î‡¤¢º¤-ìñ©-ê†-¦‰¤-¡Ò-Ä©É,ª¾ -¹ùñ¡¡¾­-ꉸ-į, ¡¾­-Á¥É¤©„¤¡È¾¸-ªÉº¤-«õ¡-¡½ê¿-À ñ­-¡¾­-ìȸ¤Îû¾¡Èº­ À²º-»ñ®-Àºö¾-°øɺ¿­¸¨¡¾­-²¾¤-ìñ©-ê†-À ñ­-ê†-ª¤-º¾©-­¿-Àºö¾-£¿-Á¥É¤-¡¾­-¢º¤-ìñ©-ê†-¦‰¤-´¾-¦ô¡¦¾¡Èº­, «É¾-¹¾¡-®÷¡£ö­-ê†-«õ¡-¦½-ÀÎó´¾-­­-®Ò-Á È­-­ñ¡-¡¾­-êø© ¹ùõ ìñ©«½¡º­-¡ö¤¦÷­-¢º¤-ìñ©-ê†-¦‰¤ ê†-¯½¥¿-µøÈ-í-ìñ©-ê†-À ñ­-ê†-ª¤.

3. À¥í¾Îû¾ê†-¢º¤-ìñ©-ê†-À ñ­-ê†-ª¤ ªÉº¤-ùɡ¾­-§È¸ -À¹ùõº -Áì½ £÷É´-£º¤-Á¡È-°øɺ¿­¸¨¡¾­-²¾¤ -í-Ä쨽-À¸ì¾-Á¹È¤-¡¾­-®ðìò¹¾­-¸¼¡¤¾­-¢º¤-ªö­-­­, °øɺ¿­¸¨¡¾-­²¾¤- Ⱥ -µøÈ-²¾ -êÉ-¢Ó-®ñ­ ñ©-Á¹È¤-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®-­š-ê÷¡-¯½¡¾­- í-ê¿­º¤-©¼¸¡ñ­-¡ñ®-¹ö¸Îû¾¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­-ê†-ªö­-´¾-»ñ®Îû¾ê†-Áê­, -À«ò¤-µÈ¾¤-é-¡Ò©ó í-À´º-°øɺ¿­¸¨¡¾­-²¾¤-®Ò-Ä©É-µøÈ-´­-À¤º­-Ä¢-Àªñ -¢º¤-¹ö¸Îû¾¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­, ìñ©-ê†-À ñ­-ê†-ª¤ ¡Ò®Ò ó-£¸¾ -¥¿-À ñ­-ê†-¥½-ùÉ-°øɺ¿­¸¨¡¾­-²¾¤-Ä©É-»ñ®-£¸¾´-¦½©¸¡, º½²ò¦ò© -Áì½ ¡¾­-£÷É -¡ñ­-ªÈ¾¤Å §‡¤-¹ö¸Îû¾¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­-£¸­-Ä©-û»ñ®.

4. í-À´º-²½­ñ¡¤¾­-¡¾­-êø©-°øÉ-é-°øÉ·¤ -í-¦½«¾­êø©-¢º¤-ìñ©-ê†-¦‰¤-µøÈ-²¾ -í-¢º¤-ìñ©-ê†-À ñ­-ê†-ª˜¤¹¾¡-«õ¡-ÁªÈ¤-ª¤-ùÉ-À ñ­-°øɺ¿­¸¨¡¾­-²¾¤-¥¾¡-ìñ©-ê†-¦‰¤-ª¾ -À¤º­-Ä¢-ê†-Ä©É-®‰¤-ĸÉ-í-ªº­ 1 Á¹È¤-´¾©ª¾-­š ²½­ñ¡¤¾­-¡¾­-êø©-©„¤¡È¾¸- Ⱥ -Ä©É-»ñ®-Àº¡½¦ò© -Áì½ ¡¾­-£÷É¡ñ­-꾤-¡¾­-êø©-ªÒ-į½-«É¾-ìñ©-ê†-À ñ­-ê†-ª¤-¹¾¡-®Òê¿-¡¾­-£ñ©£É¾­.

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1. µøÈ-í-§­-©¼¸¡ñ­-­­, ì¿©ñ®-§­-º¾-¸÷-¦-ì½¹¸È¾¤-®ñ­©¾-¹ö¸Îû¾¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­- Ⱥ -ºó¤-æÈ-¸ñ­-ê󢺤-®ñ©-À¹ñ­-§º®-ê†-Ä©É-ºº¡-ùÉ-²¸¡-¡È¼¸.

2. ÁªÈ-í-¡ðì½­ó-ê†-¹ö¸Îû¾¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­- ¹¾¡-Ä©É-»ñ®-º½­÷¨¾©-ùÉ-¯½ªò®ñ©Îû¾ê†-¡¾­-¢º¤-ªö­-À ñ­-¡¾­-§‰¤£¾¸Ã­-À¸ì¾-ìð«É¾-®ñ©-À¹ñ­-§º®-­­, ¸ñ­-êó-¢º¤-¡¾­-º½­÷¨¾©-§‰¸£¾¸-©„¤¡È¾¸ Ⱥ´-À ñ­-®Èº­-ºó¤-À²º-¡¿­ö©-ì¿©ñ®-§­-º¾¸÷-¦-¢º¤-°øɡȼ¸, ì¿©ñ®-§­º¾¸÷-¦-ºñ­-­š ùÉ-«õ-Àºö¾-ªÒ-Ä -À«ò¤-Á È­-°øɡȼ¸¥½--Ä©É-»ñ®-®ñ©-À¹ñ­-§º®-ª¾ -²¾¨¹ùñ¤¡Òª¾´.

3. ì¿©ñ®-§­-º¾¸÷-¦-ì½¹¸È¾¤-¹ö¸Îû¾¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­-¦º¤-£ö­ ¹ùõ ¹ù¾¨£ö­ê†-Ä©É-»ñ®-®ñ©-À¹ñ­-§º® ¹ùõº½­÷¨¾©-§‰¸£¾¸-í- œ-¸ñ­-ê†-©¼¸¡ñ­-ùÉ-ºó¤-æÈ- œ-¸ñ­-êó ¢º¤-¡¾­-¨­-¦ñ­¨¾®ñ©-ÁªÈ¤-ª¤ ¹ùõÀº¡½¦¾­-ê†- ó-ìñ¡¦½­½-©¼¸¡ñ­-ùÉ-Á¡È-ìñ©-ê†-À ñ­-ê†-ª¤ ¹ùõ œ-¸ñ­-êó-¢º¤-¡¾­-Á¥É¤-¡¾­-ª¾ -ê†-Ä©É-®‰¤-ĸÉ-í-ªº­ 3 ¢º¤-´¾©ª¾ 11.

4. ®ñ­©¾-°øɺ¿­¸¨¡¾­-²¾¤ ªÉº¤-µøÈ- óì¿©ñ®-ì÷­¹ùñ¤ê÷¡-¹ö¸Îû¾¦¿-­ñ¡-¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­ , ì½-¹¸ú¾¤°øɺ¿­¸¨¡¾­-²¾¤-©É¸ -¡ñ­-­­, ì¿©ñ®-§­-º¾¸÷-¦-¢º¤-²¸¡-¡È¼¸-ùÉ-ºó¤-æÈ- œ-¸ñ­-êó-ê†-À솴¯½ªò®ñ©Îû¾ê†-¡¾­-À ñ­-°øɺ¿­¸¨¡¾­-²¾¤ §‡¤-Á È­-¸ñ­-êó-¢º¤-¡¾­-Á¥É¤-Ä - ñ¤-¡½§¸¤-¡¾­-ªÈ¾¤¯½-Àê©-¢º¤-ìñ©-ê†-À ñ­-ê…ª¤ ª¾´-ê†-Ä©É-®‰¤-ĸÉ-í-ªº­ 2 ¢º¤-´¾©ª¾ 15.

5. ìñ©«½¡º­-¡ö¤¦÷­-¡ò©-ªò-´½-¦ñ¡ ê†-À ñ­-¹ö¸Îû¾¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­, ó-ì¿©ñ®-§­-º¾¸÷-¦-í-ÁªÈ-ì½-§­ì÷­-¹ùñ¤¹ö¸Îû¾¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­º¾§ó®-ª¾ -¢Ó-®ñ­ ñ©-ê†-Ä©É-®‰¤-ĸÉ-í-ªº­-ªÈ¾¤Å¢É¾¤-Àêò¤-­š.

6. ¹ö¸Îû¾¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­ Ⱥ´-µøÈ-í-ì¿©ñ®-Ä -¡Èº­-®ñ­©¾-ìñ©«½¡º­-¡ö¤¦÷­-ê†-®Ò-Ä©É-À ñ­-¹ö¸Îû¾¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­.

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1. µøÈ-í-ìñ©-é·¤ §‡¤-ìñ©-ê†-¦‰¤-®Ò ó-¦½«¾­êø©-¢º¤-ªö­ ¹ùõ ®Ò-Ä©É-´º®Îû¾ê†-ùÉ-Á¡È-¦½«¾­êø©-¢º¤-ìñ©-ê†-¦¾ -À ñ­-°øɪ¾¤Îû¾, ìñ©«½¡º­-¡ö¤¦÷­-°øÉ·¤º¾©-«õ¡-´º®Ï¾¨-ùÉ-¯½ªò®ñ©-¸¼¡¤¾­-¡¾­-êø©-Ä©É-© -®Ò-ùÉ- ó-¡¾­-Áª½ªÉº¤-À«ò¤-«¾­½-¡¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­-¢º¤-°øɡȼ¸-ÁªÈ-µÈ¾¤-é -í-À´º-¹¾¡-Ä©É»ñ®£¸¾ -À¹ñ­-²Éº -¥¾¡-ìñ©-ê†-À ñ­-ê†-ª¤-Áìɸ ¡¾­-¯½ªò®ñ©-¸¼¡¤¾­-¡¾­-êø©-©„¤¡È¾¸-®Ò-Ä©É-À ñ­-¡¾­-ùÉ-Àº¡½¦ò© -Áì½ ¡¾­-£÷É -¡ñ­-꾤-¡¾­-êø©-Á¡È-ìñ©«½¡º­-¡ö¤¦÷­-°øÉ-­­-ÁªÈ-µÈ¾¤-é.

2. ìñ©«½¡º­-¡ö¤¦÷­-°øÉ·¤ º¾©-«õ¡-ÁªÈ¤-ª¤--ùÉ-À ñ­-°øɪ¾¤Îû¾ìñ©-ê†-¦‰¤ ¯½¥¿-ê÷¡-ºö¤¡¾­-¥ñ©-ª¤-ì½¹¸È¾¤-ìñ©«½®¾­ ¹ùñ¤¥¾¡-ê†-Á¥É¤-ùÉ-ìñ©-ê†-À ñ­-ê†-ªñû¤-§¾®-¡Èº­, -í-À¸ì¾-¯½ªò®ñ©Îû¾ê†-í-«¾­½-À ñ­-°øÉ-¯½ªò®ñ©-©„¤¡È¾¸ °øɡȼ¸ ó-¦ò©-Ä©É»ñ®ê÷¡-Àº¡½¦ò© -Áì½ ¡¾­-£÷É -¡ñ­ §‡¤-¡ö©Ï¾¨¯½-

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1. ìñ©ê†-ÁªÈ¤-ª¤ ²½­ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­-ê÷¡-£ö­-Ä©É-ª¾ -Ã¥-§º® -À¸˜­-À¦ -ÁªÈ-¥½-À ñ­-Ä -ª¾ -¢Ó-®ñ­ ñ©-Á¹È¤-´¾©ª¾ 20, 22 Áì½ 23.

2. ùÉ-ìñ©-ê†-¦‰¤-Á¥É¤-§, ­¾´¦½¡÷­, ¯½-À²© -Áì½ §­ ¢º¤-ìñ©«½¡º­-¡ö¤¦÷­ ¹ùõ ùÉ-ìñ©-ê†-À ñ­-ê†-ª¤-§¾® ö-¡-À¸˜­-ÁªÈ-¹ö¸Îû¾¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­, ¡¾­-Á¥É¤-©„¤¡È¾¸-ùÉ-¡½ê¿-ìȸ¤Îû¾¡Èº­ À²º--ùÉ-ìñ©-ê†-À ñ­-ê†-ª¤--çÉ-¦ò©-ê†-Ä©É-®‰-¤-ĸÉ-í-ªº­ 3 ¢º¤-´¾©ª¾ 23, «É¾-ªÉº¤¡¾­.

3. ìñ©-ê†-¦‰¤, «É¾-ì½®¼®¡ö©Ï¾¨¢º¤-ªö­-ªÉº¤¡¾­ º¾©-¢ð-­¿-ìñ©-ê†-À ñ­-ê†-ª¤ -ùÉ-ºº¡-®ñ©-À¹ñ­-§º®-ùÉ-Á¡È-ìñ©«½¡º­-¡ö¤¦÷­-°øÉ-é-°øÉ·¤ê†-®Ò-Á È­-¹ö¸Îû¾¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­.

4. ìñ©-ê†-À ñ­-ê†-ª¤ «É¾-ì½®¼®¡ö©Ï¾¨¢º¤-ªö­-º½­÷¨¾©-º¾©-ºº¡-®ñ©-À¹ñ­-§º®-ùÉ-Á¡È-ìñ©«½¡º­-¡ö¤¦÷­-°øÉ-é-°øÉ·¤ê†-®Ò-Á È­-¹ö¸Îû¾¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­.

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1. ùÉ-ê÷¡Å¦½´¾§ò¡-¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­ Ä©É»ñ®®ñ­©¾-º½²ò-¦ò© -Áì½ ¡¾­-£÷É -¡ñ­-ª¾ -ê†-Ä©É-®‰¤-ĸÉ-í-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®-­š ­ñ®-ÁªÈ-À¸ì¾-ê†-°øɡȼ¸-Ä©É-À¢í¾-´¾-í-©ò­-Á©­-¢º¤-ìñ©-ê†-À ñ­-ê†-ª¤ -À²º»ñ®ª¿-ÁÎú¤¢º¤-ªö­, ¹ùõ «É¾¸È¾-°øɡȼ¸¹¾¡-Ä©É-µøÈ-í-©ò­-Á©­-­š-¡Èº­-Áìɸ ¡Ò-ùÉ-­ñ®-ÁªÈ-À¸ì¾»ñ®Îû¾ê†-¡¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­-À ñ­-ªí­-į.

2. ùÉ-¦½´¾§ò¡-£º®£ö¸-¢º¤-¦½´¾§ò¡-¦¿­-ñ¡¤¾­-¡ö¤¦÷­-°øÉ-é-°øÉ·¤ §‡¤»ú¸´£ö¸-À»õº­©¼¸¡ñ­-²Éº -êñ¤-£ö­»ñ®-çÉ-¦È¸­-ªö¸-¢º¤-°øɡȼ¸ -Ä©É»ñ®®ñ­©¾-º½²ò¦ò© -Áì½ ¡¾­-£÷É -¡ñ­-ª¾ -ê†-Ä©É-®‰¤-ĸÉ-í-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®-­š ­ñ®-ÁªÈ-¸ñ­-ì÷­-¹ùñ¤¢º¤-¸ñ­-êó-ªÈ¾¤Å©„¤-ªÒ-Ä -­š:

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1. «É¾-ìñ©«½¡º­-¡ö¤¦÷­ À©ó­ê¾¤-°È¾­ ¹ùõ µøÈ-í-©ò­-Á©­-¢º¤-ìñ©-ê†-¦¾´ §‡¤-ìñ©-­ó-û-Ä©É-ºº¡-¸ó-§¾-ùÉ-Á¡È-°øɡȼ¸, -í-¡ðì½­ó-ê†- ó-¡¾­¥¿-À ñ­-ªÉº¤-ħɸó-§¾ -À²º-Ä -»ñ®-ª¿-ÁÎú¤¢º¤-ªö­ ¹ùõ ¡ñ®-Ä -¹¾Îû¾ê†-À©ó´ ¹ùõ ¡ñ®-£õ­-Ä - ñ¤-ìñ©-ê†-¦‰¤, ¦ñ©-êó-¦¾ -¥½-ùÉ-¦ò©êò-ê†-ìȸ¤-ìÕ-®Ò-Ä©É §‡¤-Ä©É-ì½®÷ĸÉ-í-´¾©ª¾-º­Å-¢º¤-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®-­š ê†-¥¿-À ñ­-Á¡È-°øɡȼ¸-À²º-ùɡ¾­-°È¾­-¹ùõ¡¾­-¡ñ®-£õ­- ó-£¸¾´-¦½©¸¡-©ó, ìñ©-êó-¦¾ -¥½-¯½ªò®ñ©-©„¤-©¼¸¡ñ­-ªÒ®ñ­©¾-¦½´¾§ò¡-£º®£ö¸-ê†-»È¸ -£ö¸-À»õº­-©¼¸¡ñ­Áì½ §‡¤-Ä©É-»ñ®-º½²ò¦ò© -Áì½ ¡¾­-£÷É -¡ñ­ ê†-À©ó­ê¾¤-ªò©-ª¾ -ìñ©«½¡º­-¡ö¤¦÷­ ¹ùõ À©ó­ê¾¤-ªÈ¾¤¹¾¡ -À²º-Ä -¹¾-°øɡȼ¸ ¹ùõ À²º-¡ñ®-£õ­-Ä - ñ¤-ìñ©-ê†-¦‰¤.

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´¾©-ª¾ VI1. º½-­÷-¦ñ­-¨¾-¦½-®ñ®-­š ¥½ªÉº¤À솴- ó-°ö­®ñ¤-£ñ®-çÉ- í- š-©¼¸-¡ñ­-¡ñ®¦ö­-êò-¦ñ­-¨¾ Íõ ¦¾ -¦ò®-¸ñ­-

Íñ¤¥¾¡-Ä©É- ó¡¾­¨­¦¾­¦ñ©-ª½-¨¾-®ñ­ Íõ ¦¾­-À¢í¾-»È¸´-À ñ­-²¾-£ó ¦½-®ñ®ê󦺤 ùÉ-Á¡ÈÀì-¢¾-êò-¡¾­-ùÈ-¨¦½-¹½-¯½-§¾-§¾©, ¸ñ­-é-´¾-ì÷­ Á È­-Àºö¾-¸ñ­-­­.

2. ¦¿-ìñ®-ÁªÈ-ì½-ìñ© ê†-Ä©É-ùɦñ©-ª½-¨¾-®ñ­ Íõ Ä©É-À¢í¾-»È¸´-À ñ­-²¾-£ó¢º¤-º½­÷-¦ñ­¨¾¦½-®ñ®-­š Íñ¤-¥¾¡- ó-°ö­-®ñ¤-£ñ®Ã§É-ª¾ -¸ñ¡ 1 ¢º¤´¾©-ª¾-­š, º½-­÷-¦ñ­-¨¾-¥½- ó-°ö­-®ñ¤-£ñ®-Ã§É Ã­- œ-êó¦¾ -¦ò® Íñ¤-¥¾¡-ìñ©-©„¤-¡È¾¸Ä©É-¨­-¦¾­¦ñ©-ª½-¨¾-®ñ­ Íõ ¦¾­-À¢í¾-»È¸´-À ñ­-²¾-£ó-Áìɸ.

´¾©-ª¾ VIIÀì-¢¾-êò-¡¾­-ùÈ-¨¦½-¹½-¯½-§¾-§¾© ¥½-ªÉº¤-Ä©É-Á¥É¤-ùÉÏö©-ê÷¡-ìñ© ê† ¥½-¡¾ -À ñ­-²¾-£ó¢º¤-¦ö­-êò-

¦ñ­-¨¾§¾®:(¡) ¡È¼¸-¡ñ®-¡¾­-ìö¤-­¾´ í-º½-­÷-¦ñ­-¨¾-¦½-®ñ®-­š Áì½ ¡¾­-¨­-¦¾­-¦ñ©-ª½-¨¾-®ñ­ Íõ ¦¾­-À¢í¾-

»È¸´-À ñ­-²¾-£ó ª¾´´¾©-ª¾ III, IV Áì½ V.(¢) ¡È¼¸-¡ñ® ¸ñ­-êó ê†-º½-­÷-¦ñ­-¨¾¦½-®ñ®-­š ¥½- ó-°ö­-®ñ¤-£ñ®-Ã§É ª¾´-´¾©-ª¾ VI.

´¾©-ª¾ VIII-º½-­÷-¦ñ­-¨¾¦½®ñ®-­š, §‡¤¦½-®ñ®²¾-¦¾¥ó­, ºñ¤-¡ò©, ±ë„¤, ëñ©-À§¨ Áì½ Áº-ñ©¦½-¯¾¨ -ìɸ­-ÁªÈ ó-

£÷­-£È¾-Àꉾ-ê¼´-¡ñ­­­ ¥½-ªÉº¤-«õ¡-À¡ñ®-»ñ¡-¦¾-ĸɭ¿-Àì-¢¾-êò-¡¾­-ùÈ-¨¦½-¹½-¯½-§¾-§¾© Áì½ Àì-¢¾-êò-¡¾­-ùÈ-¨ ¥½-ªÉº¤-¦‰¤¦½-®ñ®-¦¿-À­ö¾ ùɮñ­-©¾-¯½-Àê©-ê†ì½®÷-ĸÉí-´¾©-ª¾ III.

À²º-À ñ­-Íñ¡-«¾­-²½-¨¾­, °øÉ-ê†-Ä©É-«õ¡-´º®-¦ò©µÈ¾¤-Àªñ -¦È¸­ Áì½ «õ¡-ªÉº¤-¥¾¡-ìñ©-«½-®¾­-¢º¤-ªö­ ¥‡¤-Ä©É-ìö¤-­¾´Ã­-º½-­÷-¦ñ­-¨¾-¦-½-®ñ®-­š.

ê† ¡÷¤¸¼­, ¸ñ­-êó 24 À´-¦¾ 1963.

89

º½­÷-¦ñ­¨¾¢º¤-¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¸È¾©É¸¨²ö¸²ñ­¡ö¤¦÷­¡È¼¸-¡ñ®-¡¾­-Á¡ÉÄ¢¢Ó¢ñ©Á ȤÁ®®®ñ¤£ñ®, 1963

-À»ñ©ê† -¡÷¤-¸¼­, ¸ñ­-êó 24 À´¦¾ 1963

-© -¦½-Á©¤-À¥©-¥¿­ö¤ ꆵ¾¡­¿Àºö¾ê÷¡®ñ­¹¾ê†¡È¼¸¢Éº¤¡ñ®¢Ó¢ñ©Á ȤéŠ콹¸È¾¤ìñ©²¾£óê†À¡ó©¥¾¡¡¾­ªó£¸¾´Ï¾¨ Íõ ¡¾­­¿Ã§É¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¢›­¹¾¦¾­ ÷ªò꿦¾¡ö­ §‡¤¥½Ã§Éº¿­¾©Á¡ÉÄ¢¢Ó¢ñ©Á ȤÁ®®®ñ¤£ñ®, À¸­À¦¨ÁªÈÄ©É ó¡¾­ªö¡ìö¤ì½¹¸È¾¤£øÈ¡ðì½­ó¡È¼¸¡ñ®»ø®-Á®®¡¾­Á¡ÉÄ¢Á®®º­²¾¨Ã­¡¿­ö©À¸ì¾ºñ­ÀϾ½¦ö´.

®ñ­©¾ìñ©²¾£ó¢º¤º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š Áì½ ¢º¤¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾¡÷¤¸¼­ ¸È¾©É¸¨¡¾­²ö¸²ñ­¡ö¤¦÷­§‡¤ªÒįÀºš­¸È¾: “ ¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾ ” «õ¡»ñ®»º¤Àºö¾Â©¨¡º¤¯½§÷´Ã¹ Ⱥö¤¡¾­¦½¹½¯½§¾§¾©£¤¸ñ­êó4 ó­¾ »º©¸ñ­êó 22 À´¦¾1963 ê† ¡÷¤¸¼­Ä©Éªö¡ìö¤À ñ­Àº¡½²¾®¡ñ­©„¤ªÒį­š:

´¾©ª¾ I¢Ó¢ñ©Á ȤÀ¡ó©´¾¥¾¡¡¾­ªó£¸¾´Ï¾¨ Íõ ¡¾­­¿Ã§É¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾ ¥½ªÉº¤­º­µøÈí¢º®À¢©

¦ò©º¿­¾©¢º¤¦¾­ ÷ªò꿦¾¡ö­ Áì½ ¦½­­ ¢ðû¢ñ©Á Ȥ©„¤¡È¾¸º¾©«õ¡­¿¦½ÀÎ󢜭¹¾¦¾­©„¤¡È¾¸Â©¨¡¾­¦½ÀÎ󢺤±È¾¨Ã©±È¾¨Îˆ¤¢º¤£øÈ¢ñ©Á Ȥ §¤Á È­²¾£ó¢º¤º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š.

´¾©ª¾ II²¾¨Ã­¡¿­ö©¦º¤À©õº­ Íñ¤¥¾¡ê†±È¾¨¹­‡¤Ä©ÉÁ¥É¤Ã¹Éºó¡±È¾¨­‡¤§¾®¸È¾ Ä©É ó¢Ó¢ñ©Á Ȥì½

¹¸È¾¤¦º¤±È¾¨À¡ó©¢œ­, £øÈ¢ñ©Á Ȥº¾©ªö¡ìö¤¡ñ­®Ò¦½ÀÎó¢›­¦¾­ ÷ªò꿦¾¡ö­, ÁªÈ¢œ­¦¾­¦½À²¾½¡ò©Ã©­‡¤. Íñ¤¥¾¡Ïö©Ä쨽¦º¤À©õº­­­Áìɸ ±È¾¨Ã©±È¾¨¹­‡¤º¾©¦½ÀÎó ö¡®ñ­¹¾¢Ó£ñ©Á Ȥ©„¤¡È¾¸¢œ­³ûº¤ªÒ¦¾­ ÷ªò꿦¾¡ö­.

´¾©ª¾ III1. ²¾¨Ã­Ä쨽¦º¤À©õº­ºñ­©¼¸¡ñ­­­ £øÈ¢ñ©Á Ȥº¾©ªö¡ìö¤¡ñ­»ñ®Àºö¾¸òêó¡¾­Á¡ÉÄ¢Á®®

¯½­ó¯½­º´ ¡Èº­¥½ ö¡¢œ­¦¾­ ÷ªò꿦¾¡ö­.2. ¦¿ìñ®¯½Àê©Ã©ê†Ã¹É¦ñ©ª½¨¾®ñ­ Íõ À¢í¾»È¸´À ñ­²¾£ó¢º¤º¾­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š Íñ¤¥¾¡ ó°ö­

90

®ñ¤£ñ®Ã§Éª¾´¸ñ¡êó 1 ¢º¤´¾©ª¾­š, º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¥½ªÉº¤ ó°ö­®ñ¤£ñ®Ã§Éí œê󦾴¦ò®Íñ¤¥¾¡ìñ©­­ ĩɨ­¦¾­¦ñ©ª½¨¾®ñ­ Íõ ¦¾­À¢í¾»È¸´À ñ­²¾£óÁìɸ.

´¾©ª¾ IVìñ©²¾£ó¢º¤¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾, ¢º¤º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¸È¾©É¸¨¡¾­¢ð¦ñ­§¾© Áì½ ¢º¤º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®

­š ¦¾´¾©¯½¡¾©ê÷¡À´º¸È¾ ²¸¡À¢ö¾À¥í¾¥½¢½¹¨¾¨-¡¾­­¿Ã§É¢Ó®ñ­ ñ© ¢º¤º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š¡ñ®¢Ó¢ñ©Á Ȥê†À¡ó©¥¾¡¡¾­ªó£¸¾´Ï¾¨ Íõ ¡¾­­¿Ã§Éº½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¸È¾©É¸¨¡¾­¢ð¦ñ­§¾©. ¡¾­¯½¡¾©©„¤¡È¾¸ ¥½ªÉº¤Ä©ÉÁ¥É¤Ã¹ÉÀ좾êò¡¾­Ã¹ Ȧ½¹½¯½§¾§¾© §¾®.

´¾©ª¾ Vº½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š ¥½ªÉº¤À ó©»ñ®Àºö¾¡¾­ìö¤­¾´¢º¤ê÷¡ìñ©ê†¥½¡¾¨À ñ­²¾£ó¢º¤¦ö­êò

¦ñ­¨¾©„¤­š: ê† ¡½§¸¤¡¾­ªÈ¾¤¯½Àê© Âºªëò©, ­ñ®ÁªÈ œÀ ó©»ñ®¥ö­»º© œ¸ñ­êó 31 ª÷ì¾ 1963 Áì½¥¾¡­­ê†¦¿­ñ¡¤¾­Ã¹ úºö¤¡¾­¦½¹½¯½§¾§¾© ê† ­ò¸µº¡ ¥ö­»º©¸ñ­êó 31 ó­¾ 1963.

´¾©ª¾ VIº½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š ¥½ªÉº¤Ä©Éùɦñ©ª½¨¾®ñ­. ¦¾­¦ñ©ª½¨¾®ñ­ ¥½ªÉº¤Ä©É«õ¡À¡ñ®»ñ¡¦¾Ä¸É­¿

À좾êò¡¾­Ã¹ Ȧ½¹½¯½§¾§¾©.´¾©ª¾ VII

º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š ¥½ªÉº¤¦õ®ªÒÀ ó©»ñ®¡¾­À¢í¾»È¸´À ñ­²¾£ó¢º¤ê÷¡ìñ©ê†¥½¡¾¨À ñ­²¾£ó¢º¤¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾. ¦¾­À¢í¾»È¸´À ñ­²¾£ó ¥½ªÉº¤À¡ñ®»ñ¡¦¾Ä¸É­¿À좾êò¡¾­Ã¹ Ȧ½¹½¯½§¾§¾©.

´¾©ª¾ VIII1. º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š ¥½ªÉº¤ ó°ö­®ñ¤£ñ®Ã§Éí œ©¼¸¡ñ­¡ñ®¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾ Íõ í¦¾´¦ò®¸ñ­ Íñ¤¥¾¡

Ä©É ó¡¾­¨­¦¾­Ã¹É¦ñ©ª½¨¾®ñ­ Íõ ¦¾­À¢í¾»È¸´À ñ­²¾£ó¢º¤º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š ùÉÁ¡ÈÀ좾êò¡¾­Ã¹ Ȧ½¹½¯½§¾§¾©, œÃ©´¾ì÷­ Á È­Àºö¾ œ­ñû­.

2. ¦¿ìñ®¯½Àê©Ã©ê†Ã¹É¦ñ©ª½¨¾®ñ­ ÍõÄ©ÉÀ¢í¾»È¸´À ñ­²¾£ó¢º¤º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š Íñ¤¥¾¡ ó°ö­®ñ¤£ñ®Ã§Éª¾´¸ñ¡êó 1 ¢º¤´¾©ª¾­š, º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¥½ªÉº¤ ó°ö­®ñ¤£ñ®Ã§É í œê󦾴¦ò®Íñ¤¥¾¡ìñ©­­Ä©É¨­¦¾­¦ñ©ª½¨¾®ñ­ Íõ À¢öû¾»È¸´À ñ­²¾£óÁìɸ.

´¾©ª¾ IX

91

À좾êò¡¾­Ã¹ Ȧ½¹½¯½§¾§¾© ¥½ªÉº¤Á¥É¤Ã¹Éê÷¡ìñ© ꆥ½¡¾¨À ñ­²¾£ó¢º¤¦ö­êò¦ñ­¨¾§¾®¡È¼¸¡ñ® :

(¡) ¡¾­ìö¤­¾´Ã­º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š ²Éº´©É¸¨¡¾­¨­¦¾­Ã¹É¦ñ©ª½¨¾®ñ­ Íõ ¦¾­À¢í¾»È¸´À ñ­²¾£óª¾´´¾©ª¾ V, VI Áì½ VII.(¢) ¡¾­¯½¡¾©ª¾´´¾©ª¾ IV ¢º¤º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š.(£) ¸ñ­êó ꆺ½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š¥½ ó°ö­®ñ¤£ñ®Ã§Éª¾´´¾©ª¾ VII.

´¾©ª¾ Xº½-­÷-¦ñ­-¨¾¦½®ñ®-­š, §‡¤¦½-®ñ®²¾-¦¾¥ó­, ºñ¤-¡ò©, ±ë„¤, ëñ©-À§¨ Áì½ Áº-ñ©¦½-¯¾¨ -ìɸ­-ÁªÈ ó-£÷­-

£È¾-Àꉾ-ê¼´-¡ñ­­­ ¥½-ªÉº¤-«õ¡-À¡ñ®-»ñ¡-¦¾-ĸɭ¿-Àì-¢¾-êò-¡¾­-ùÈ-¨¦½-¹½-¯½-§¾-§¾© Áì½ Àì-¢¾-êò-¡¾­-ùÈ-¨¥½-ªÉº¤-¦‰¤¦½-®ñ®-¦¿-À­ö¾ ùɮñ­-©¾-¯½-Àê©- ©„¤ê†ì½®÷-ĸÉí-´¾©ª¾ V.

À²ºÀ ñ­Íñ¡«¾­²½¨¾­, °øûê†Ä©É«õ¡´º®¦ò©µÈ¾¤Àªñ´¦È¸­ Áì½ «õ¡ªÉº¤¥¾¡ìñ©«½®¾­¢º¤ªö­¥‡¤Ä©Éìö¤­¾´Ã­º½­÷¦ñ­¨¾¦½®ñ®­š.

ê† ¡÷¤¸¼­, ñ­êó 24 À´¦¾ 1963.

92

Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations,1946

Adopted by the UN General Assembly on 13 February 1946.

Whereas Article 104 of the Charter of the United Nations provides that the Organization shallenjoy in the territory of each of its Members such legal capacity as may be necessary for theexercise of its functions and the fulfillment of its purposes, and

Whereas Article 105 of the Charter of the United Nations provides that the Organization shallenjoy in the territory of each of its Member such privileges and immunities as are necessary forthe fulfillment of its purposes and that representatives of the Members of the United Nations andofficials of the Organization shall similarly enjoy such privileges and immunities as arenecessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connection with the Organization.

Consequently the General Assembly by a Resolution adopted on the 13 February 1946, approvedthe following Convention and proposed it for accession by each Member of the United Nations.

Article I

Juridical Personality

Section 1 . The United Nations shall possess juridical personality. It shall have the capacity:

(a) to contract;

(b) to acquire and dispose of in movable and movable property;

(c) to institute legal proceedings.

Article II

Property, Funds and Assets

SECTION 2. The United Nations, its property and assets wherever located and by whomsoeverheld, shall enjoy immunity from every form of legal process except insofar as in any particularcase it has expressly waived its immunity shall extend to any particular case it has expresslywaived its immunity. It is, however, understood that no waiver of immunity shall extend to anymeasure of execution.

Section 3. The premises of the United Nations shall be inviolable. The property and assets of theUnited Nations, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from h, requisition,confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference,, whether by executive,administrative, judicial or legislative action.

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Section 4. The archives of the United Nations, and in general all documents belonging to it orheld by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.

Section 5. Without being restricted by financial controls, regulations or moratoria of any kind,

(a) The United Nations may hold funds, gold or currency of any kind and operate accounts in anycurrency;

(b) The United Nations shall be free to transfer its funds, gold or currency from one country toanother or within any country and to convert any currency held by it into any other currency.

Section 6. In exercising its rights under Section 5 above, the United Nations shall pay due regardto any representations made by the Government of any Member insofar as it is considered thateffect can be given to such representations without detriment to the interests of the UnitedNations.

Section 7. The United Nations, its assets, income and other property shall be:

(a) Exempt from all direct taxes; it is understood however, that the United Nations will not claimexemption from taxes which are, in fact, no more than charges for public utility services;

(b) Exempt from customs duties and prohibitions and restrictions on imports and exports inrespect of articles imported or exported by the United Nations for its official use. It isunderstood, however, that articles imported under such exemption will not be sold in the countryinto which they were imported except under conditions agreed with the Government of thatcountry;

(c) Exempt from customs duties and prohibitions and restrictions on imports and exports inrespects of its publications.

Section 8. While the United Nations will not, as a general rule, claim exemption from exciseduties and from taxes on the sale of movable and immovable property which form part of theprice to be paid, nevertheless when the United Nations is making important purchases for officialuse of property on which such duties and taxes have been charged or are chargeable, Memberswill, whenever possible, make appropriate administrative arrangements for the remission orreturn of the amount of duty or tax.

Article III

Section 9. The United Nations shall enjoy in the territory of each Member for its officialcommunications treatment not less favourable than that accorded by the Government of thatMember to any other Government including its diplomatic mission in the matter of priorities,rates and taxes on mails, cables, telegrams, radiograms, telephotos, telephones and othercommunications; and press rates for information to the press and radio. No censorship shall beapplied to the official correspondence and other official communications of the United Nations.

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Section 10. The United Nations shall have the right to use codes and to dispatch and receive itscorrespondence by courier or in bags, which shall have the same immunities and privileges asdiplomatic couriers and bags.

Article IV

The Representatives of Members

Section 11. Representatives of Members to the principal and subsidiary organs of the UnitedNations and to conferences convened by the United Nations, shall, while exercising theirfunctions and during the journey to and from the place of meeting, enjoy the following privilegesand immunities:

(a) Immunity from personal arrest or detention and from seizure of their personal baggage, and,in respect of words spoken or written and all acts done by them in their capacity asrepresentatives, immunity from legal process of every kind;

(b) Inviolability for all papers and documents;

(c) The right to use codes and to receive papers or correspondence by courier or in sealed bags;

(d) Exemption in respect of themselves and their spouses from immigration restrictions, aliensregistration or national service obligations in the State they are visiting or through which they arepassing in the exercise of their functions;

(e) The same facilities in respect of currency or exchange restrictions as are accorded torepresentatives of foreign governments on temporary official missions;

(f) The immunities and facilities in respect of their personal baggage as are accorded todiplomatic envoys, and also;

(g) Such other privileges, immunities and facilities not inconsistent with the foregoing asdiplomatic envoys enjoy, except that they shall have no right to claim exemption from customsduties on goods imported (otherwise than as part of their personal baggage) or from excise dutiesor sales taxes.

Section 12. In order to secure, for the representatives of Members to the principal and subsidiaryorgans of the United Nations and to conferences convened by the United Nations, completefreedom of speech and independence in the discharge of their duties, the immunity from legalprocess in respect of words spoken or written and all acts done by them in discharging theirduties shall continue to be accorded, notwithstanding that the persons concerned are no longerthe representatives of Members.

Section 13. Where the incidence of any form of taxation depends upon residence, periods duringwhich the representatives of Members to the principal and subsidiary organs of the United

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Nations and to conferences convened by the United Nations are present in a state for thedischarge of their duties shall not be considered as periods of residence.

Section 14. Privileges and immunities are accorded to the representatives of Members not for thepersonal benefit of the individuals themselves, but in order to safeguard the independent exerciseof their functions in connection with the United Nations. Consequently a Member non only hasthe right but is under a duty to waive the immunity of its representative in any case where in theopinion of the Member the immunity would impede the course of justice, and it can be waivedwithout prejudice to the purpose for which the immunity is accorded.

Section 15. The provisions of Sections 11, 12 and 13 are not applicable as between arepresentative and the authorities of the state of which he is a national or of which he is or hasbeen the representative.

Section 16. In this article the expression "representatives" shall be deemed to include alldelegates, deputy delegates, advisers, technical experts and secretaries of delegations.

Article V

Officials

Section 17. The Secretary-General will specify the categories of officials to which the provisionsof this Article and Article VII shall apply. He shall submit these categories to the GeneralAssembly. Thereafter these categories shall be communicated to the Governments of allMembers. The names of the officials included in these categories shall from time to time bemade known to the Governments of Members.

Section 18. Officials of the United Nations shall:

(a) Be immune from legal process in respect of words spoken or written and all acts performedby them in their official capacity;

(b) Be exempt from taxation on the salaries and emoluments paid to them by the United Nations;

(c) Be immune from national service obligations;

(d) Be immune, together with their spouses and relatives dependent on them, from immigrationrestrictions and alien registration;

(e) Be accorded the same privileges in respect of exchange facilities as are accorded to theofficials of comparable ranks forming part of diplomatic missions to the Government concerned;

(f) Be given, together with their spouses and relatives dependent on them, the same repatriationfacilities in time of international crisis as diplomatic envoys;

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(g) Have the right to import free of duty their furniture and effects at the time of first taking uptheir post in the country in question.

Section 19. In addition to the immunities and privileges specified in Section 18, the Secretary-General and all Assistant Secretaries- General shall be accorded in respect of themselves, theirspouses and minor children, the privileges and immunities, exemptions and facilities accorded todiplomatic envoys, in accordance with international law.

Section 20. Privileges and immunities are granted to officials in the interests of the UnitedNations and not for the personal benefit of the individuals themselves. The Secretary-Generalshall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any official in any case where, in hisopinion, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudiceto the interests of the United Nations. In the case of the Secretary-General, the Security Councilshall have the right to waive immunity.

Section 21. The United Nations shall cooperate at all times with the appropriate authorities ofMembers to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of policeregulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges,immunities and facilities mentioned in this Article.

Article VI

Experts on Missions for the United Nations

Section 22. Experts (other than officials coming within the scope of Article V) performingmissions for the United Nations shall be accorded such privileges and immunities as arenecessary for the independent exercise of their functions during the period of their missions,including the time spent on journeys in connection with their missions. In particular they shall beaccorded:

(a) Immunity from personal arrest or detention and from seizure of their personal baggage;

(b) In respect of words spoken or written and acts done by them in the course of the performanceof their mission, immunity from legal process of every kind. This immunity from legal processshall continue to be accorded notwithstanding that the persons concerned are no longer employedon missions for the United Nations;

(c) Inviolability for all papers and documents;

(d) For the purpose of their communications with the United Nations, the right to use codes andto receive papers or correspondence by courier or in sealed bags;

(e) The Same facilities in respect of currency or exchange restrictions as are accorded torepresentatives of foreign governments on temporary official missions;

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(f) The same immunities and facilities in respect of their personal baggage as are accorded todiplomatic envoys.

Section 23. Privileges and immunities are granted to experts in the interests of the UnitedNations and not for the personal benefit of the individuals themselves. The Secretary-Generalshall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any expert in any case where, in hisopinion, the immunity would impede the course of justice and it can be waived without prejudiceto the interests of the United Nations.

Article VII

United Nations Laissez-Passer

Section 24. The United Nations may issue United Nations laissez- passer to its officials. Theselaissez-passer shall be recognized and accepted as valid travel documents by the authorities ofMembers, taking into account the provisions of Section 25.

Section 25. Applications for visas (where required) from the holders of United Nations laissez-passer, when accompanied by a certificate that they are traveling on the business of the UnitedNations, shall be dealt with as speedily as possible. In addition, such persons shall be grantedfacilities for speedy travel.

Section 26. Similar facilities to those specified in Section 25 shall be accorded to experts andother persons who, though not the holders of United Nations laissez-passer, have a certificatethat they are traveling on the business of the United Nations.

Section 27. The Secretary-General, Assistant Secretaries-General and Directors traveling onUnited Nations laissez-passer on the business of the United Nations shall be granted the samefacilities as are accorded to diplomatic envoys.

Section 28. The provisions of this article may be applied to the comparable officials ofspecialized agencies if the agreements for relationship made under Article 63 of the Charter soprovide.

Article VIII

Settlement of Disputes

Section 29. The United Nations shall make provisions for appropriate modes of settlement of:

(a) Disputes arising out of contracts or other disputes of a private law character to which theUnited Nations is a party;

(b) Disputes involving any official of the United Nations who by reason of his official positionenjoys immunity, if immunity has not been waived by the Secretary-General.

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Section 30. All differences arising out of the interpretation or application of the presentconvention shall be referred to the international Court of Justice, unless in any case it is agreedby the parties to have recourse to another mode of settlement. If a difference arises between theUnited Nations on the one hand and a Member on the other hand, a request shall be made for anadvisory opinion on any legal question involved in accordance with Article 96 of the Charter andArticle 65 of the Statute of the Court. The opinion given by the Court shall be accepted asdecisive by the parties.

Final Article

Section 31. This convention is submitted to every Member of the United Nations for accession.

Section 32. Accession shall be affected by deposit of an instrument with the Secretary-Generalof the United Nations and the Convention shall come into force as regards each Member on thedate of deposit of each instrument of accession.

Section 33. The Secretary-General shall inform all Members of the United Nations of the depositof each accession.

Section 34. It is understood that, when an instrument of accession is deposited on behalf of anyMember, the Member will be in a position under its own law to give effect to the terms of thisConvention.

Section 35. This convention shall continue in force as between the United Nations and everyMember which has deposited an instrument of accession for so long as that Member remains aMember of the United Nations, or until a revised general convention has been approved by theGeneral Assembly and that Member has become a party to this revised Convention.

Section 36. The Secretary-General may conclude with any Member or Member supplementaryagreements adjusting the provisions of this Convention so far as that Member or those Membersare concerned. These supplementary agreements shall in each case be subject to the approval ofthe General Assembly.

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Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies,1947

Adopted by the UN General Assembly on 21 November 1947.

WHEREAS the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted on 13 February 1946 aresolution contemplating the unification as far as possible of the privileges and immunitiesenjoyed by the United Nations and by the various specialized agencies;

and WHEREAS consultations concerning the implementation of the aforesaid resolution havetaken place between the United Nations and the specialized agencies;

CONSEQUENTLY, by resolution 179 (II) adopted on 21 November 1947, the GeneralAssembly has approved the following Convention, which is submitted to the specializedagencies for acceptance and to every Member of the United Nations and to every other Statemember of one or more of the specialized agencies for accession.

Article I - Definitions and Scope

Section 1

In this Convention:

(i) The words "standard clauses" refer to the provisions of Articles II to IX.

(ii) The words "specialized agencies" mean:

(a) The International Labour Organization;

(b) The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations;

(c) The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization;

(d) The International Civil Aviation Organization;

(e) The International Monetary Fund;

(f) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development;

(g) The World Health Organization;

(h) The Universal Postal Union;

(i) The International Telecommunication Union; and

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(j) Any other agency in relationship with the United Nations in accordance with Articles 57 and63 of the Charter.

(iii) The word "Convention" means, in relation to any particular specialized agency, the standardclauses as modified by the final (or revised) text of the annex transmitted by that agency inaccordance with sections 36 and 38.

(iv) For the purposes of article III, the words "property and assets" shall also include propertyand funds administered by a specialized agency in furtherance of its constitutional functions.

(v) For the purposes of articles V and VII, the expression "representatives of members" shall bedeemed to include all representatives, alternates, advisers, technical experts and secretaries ofdelegations.

(vi) In sections 13, 14, 15 and 25, the expression "meetings convened by a specialized agency"means meetings: (1) of its assembly and of its executive body (however designated), and (2) ofany commission provided for in its constitution; (3) of any international conference convened byit; and (4) of any committee of any of these bodies.

(vii) The term "executive head" means the principal executive official of the specialized agencyin question, whether designated "Director-General" or otherwise.

Section 2

Each State party to this Convention in respect of any specialized agency to which thisConvention has become applicable in accordance with section 37 shall accord to, or in connexionwith, that agency the privileges and immunities set forth in the standard clauses on the conditionsspecified therein, subject to any modification of those clauses contained in the provisions of thefinal (or revised) annex relating to that agency and transmitted in accordance with sections 36 or38.

Article II - Juridical Personality

Section 3

The specialized agencies shall possess juridical personality. They shall have the capacity (a) tocontract, (b) to acquire and dispose of immovable and movable property, (c) to institute legalproceedings.

Article III - Property, Funds and Assets

Section 4

The specialized agencies, their property and assets, wherever located and by whomsoever held,shall enjoy immunity from every form of legal process except in so far as in any particular case

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they have expressly waived their immunity. It is, however, understood that no waiver ofimmunity shall extend to any measure of execution.

Section 5

The premises of the specialized agencies shall be inviolable. The property and assets of thespecialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search,requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive,administrative, judicial or legislative action.

Section 6

The archives of the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to them or heldby them, shall be inviolable, wherever located.

Section 7

Without being restricted by financial controls, regulations or moratoria of any kind:

(a) The specialized agencies may hold funds, gold or currency of any kind and operate accountsin any currency;

(b) The specialized agencies may freely transfer their funds, gold or currency from one countryto another or within any country and convert any currency held by them into any other currency.

Section 8

Each specialized agency shall, in exercising its rights under section 7 above, pay due regard toany representations made by the Government of any State party to this Convention in so far as itis considered that effect can be given to such representations without detriment to the interests ofthe agency.

Section 9

The specialized agencies, their assets, income and other property shall be:

(a) Exempt from all direct taxes; it is understood, however, that the specialized agencies will notclaim exemption from taxes which are, in fact, no more than charges for public utility services;

(b) Exempt from customs duties and prohibitions and restrictions on imports and exports inrespect of articles imported or exported by the specialized agencies for their official use; it isunderstood, however, that articles imported under such exemption will not be sold in the countryinto which they were imported except under conditions agreed to with the Government of thatcountry;

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(c) Exempt from duties and prohibitions and restrictions on imports and exports in respect oftheir publications.

Section 10

While the specialized agencies will not, as a general rule, claim exemption from excise dutiesand from taxes on the sale of movable and immovable property which form part of the price tobe paid, nevertheless when the specialized agencies are making important purchases for officialuse of property on which such duties and taxes have been charged or are chargeable, Statesparties to this Convention will, whenever possible, make appropriate administrativearrangements for the remission or return of the amount of duty or tax.

Article IV - Facilities in respect of Communications

Section 11

Each specialized agency shall enjoy, in the territory of each State party to this Convention inrespect of that agency, for its official communications, treatment not less favourable than thataccorded by the Government of such State to any other Government, including the latter'sdiplomatic mission, in the matter of priorities, rates and taxes on mails, cables, telegrams,radiograms, telephotos, telephone and other communications, and press rates for information tothe press and radio.

Section 12

No censorship shall be applied to the official correspondence and other official communicationsof the specialized agencies.

The specialized agencies shall have the right to use codes and to dispatch and receivecorrespondence by courier or in sealed bags, which shall have the same immunities andprivileges as diplomatic couriers and bags.

Nothing in this section shall be construed to preclude the adoption of appropriate securityprecautions to be determined by agreement between a State party to this Convention and aspecialized agency.

Article V - Representatives of Members

Section 13

Representatives of members at meetings convened by a specialized agency shall, whileexercising their functions and during their journeys to and from the place of meeting, enjoy thefollowing privileges and immunities:

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(a) Immunity from personal arrest or detention and from seizure of their personal baggage, andin respect of words spoken or written and all acts done by them in their official capacity,immunity from legal process of every kind;

(b) Inviolability for all papers and documents;

(c) The right to use codes and to receive papers or correspondence by courier or in sealed bags;

(d) Exemption in respect of themselves and their spouses from immigration restrictions, aliens'registration or national service obligations in the State which they are visiting or through whichthey are passing in the exercise of their functions;

(e) The same facilities in respect of currency or exchange restrictions as are accorded torepresentatives of foreign Governments on temporary official missions;

(f) The same immunities and facilities in respect of their personal baggage as are accorded tomembers of comparable rank of diplomatic missions.

Section 14

In order to secure for the representatives of members of the specialized agencies at meetingsconvened by them complete freedom of speech and complete independence in the discharge oftheir duties, the immunity from legal process in respect of words spoken or written and all actsdone by them in discharging their duties shall continue to be accorded, notwithstanding that thepersons concerned are no longer engaged in the discharge of such duties.

Section 15

Where the incidence of any form of taxation depends upon residence, periods during which therepresentatives of members of the specialized agencies at meetings convened by them are presentin a member State for the discharge of their duties shall not be considered as periods ofresidence.

Section 16

Privileges and immunities are accorded to the representatives of members, not for the personalbenefit of the individuals themselves, but in order to safeguard the independent exercise of theirfunctions in connexion with the specialized agencies. Consequently, a member not only has theright but is under a duty to waive the immunity of its representatives in any case where, in theopinion of the member, the immunity would impede the course of justice, and where it can bewaived without prejudice to the purpose for which the immunity is accorded.

Section 17

The provisions of sections 13,14 and 15 are not applicable in relation to the authorities of a Stateof which the person is a national or of which he is or has been a representative.

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Article VI - Officials

Section 18

Each specialized agency will specify the categories of officials to which the provisions of thisarticle and of article VIII shall apply. It shall communicate them to the Governments of all Statesparties to this Convention in respect of that agency and to the Secretary-General of the UnitedNations. The names of the officials included in these categories shall from time to time be madeknown to the above-mentioned Governments.

Section 19

Officials of the specialized agencies shall:

(a) Be immune from legal process in respect of words spoken or written and all acts performedby them in their official capacity;

(b) Enjoy the same exemptions from taxation in respect of the salaries and emoluments paid tothem by the specialized agencies and on the same conditions as are enjoyed by officials of theUnited Nations;

(c) Be immune, together with their spouses and relatives dependent on them, from immigrationrestrictions and alien registration;

(d) Be accorded the same privileges in respect of exchange facilities as are accorded to officialsof comparable rank of diplomatic missions;

(e) Be given, together with their spouses and relatives dependent on them, the same repatriationfacilities in time of international crises as officials of comparable rank of diplomatic missions;

(f) Have the right to import free of duty their furniture and effects at the time of first taking uptheir post in the country in question.

Section 20

The officials of the specialized agencies shall be exempt from national service obligations,provided that, in relation to the States of which they are nationals, such exemption shall beconfined to officials of the specialized agencies whose names have, by reason of their duties,been placed upon a list compiled by the executive head of the specialized agency and approvedby the State concerned.

Should other officials of specialized agencies be called up for national service, the Stateconcerned shall, at the request of the specialized agency concerned, grant such temporarydeferments in the call-up of such officials as may be necessary to avoid interruption in thecontinuation of essential work.

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Section 21

In addition to the immunities and privileges specified in sections 19 and 20, the executive headof each specialized agency, including any official acting on his behalf during his absence fromduty, shall be accorded in respect of himself, his spouse and minor children, the privileges andimmunities, exemptions and facilities accorded to diplomatic envoys, in accordance withinternational law.

Section 22

Privileges and immunities are granted to officials in the interests of the specialized agencies onlyand not for the personal benefit of the individuals themselves. Each specialized agency shallhave the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any official in any case where, in itsopinion, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudiceto the interests of the specialized agency.

Section 23

Each specialized agency shall co-operate at all times with the appropriate authorities of memberStates to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of policeregulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuses in connexion with the privileges,immunities and facilities mentioned in this article.

Article VII - Abuses of Privilege

Section 24

If any State party to this Convention considers that there has been an abuse of a privilege orimmunity conferred by this Convention, consultations shall be held between that State and thespecialized agency concerned to determine whether any such abuse has occurred and, if so, toattempt to ensure that no repetition occurs. If such consultations fail to achieve a resultsatisfactory to the State and the specialized agency concerned, the question whether an abuse of aprivilege or immunity has occurred shall he submitted to the International Court of Justice inaccordance with section 32. If the International Court of Justice finds that such an abuse hasoccurred, the State party to this Convention affected by such abuse shall have the right, afternotification to the specialized agency in question, to withhold from the specialized agencyconcerned the benefits of the privilege or immunity so abused.

Section 25

1. Representatives of members at meetings convened by specialized agencies, while exercisingtheir functions and during their journeys to and from the place of meeting, and officials withinthe meaning of section 18, shall not be required by the territorial authorities to leave the countryin which they are performing their functions on account of any activities by them in their officialcapacity. In the case, however, of abuse of privileges of residence committed by any such person

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in activities in that country outside his official functions, he may be required to leave by theGovernment of that country provided that:

2. (I) Representatives of members, or persons who are entitled to diplomatic immunity undersection 21, shall not be required to leave the country otherwise than in accordance with thediplomatic procedure applicable to diplomatic envoys accredited to that country.

(II) In the case of an official to whom section 21 is not applicable, no order to leave the countryshall be issued other than with the approval of the Foreign Minister of the country in question,and such approval shall be given only after consultation with the executive head of thespecialized agency concerned; and, if expulsion proceedings are taken against an official, theexecutive head of the specialized agency shall have the right to appear in such proceedings onbehalf of the person against whom they are instituted.

Article VIII - Laissez-passer

Section 26

Officials of the specialized agencies shall be entitled to use the United Nations laissez-passer inconformity with administrative arrangements to be concluded between the Secretary-General ofthe United Nations and the competent authorities of the specialized agencies, to which agenciesspecial powers to issue laissez-passer may be delegated. The Secretary-General of the UnitedNations shall notify each State party to this Convention of each administrative arrangement soconcluded.

Section 27

States parties to this Convention shall recognize and accept the United Nations laissez-passerissued to officials of the specialized agencies as valid travel documents.

Section 28

Applications for visas, where required, from officials of specialized agencies holding UnitedNations laissez-passer, when accompanied by a certificate that they are travelling on the businessof a specialized agency, shall be dealt with as speedily as possible. In addition, such personsshall be granted facilities for speedy travel.

Section 29

Similar facilities to those specified in section 28 shall be accorded to experts and other personswho, though not the holders of United Nations laissez-passer, have a certificate that they aretravelling on the business of a specialized agency.

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Section 30

The executive heads, assistant executive heads, heads of departments and other officials of a ranknot lower than head of department of the specialized agencies, travelling on United Nationslaissez-passer on the business of the specialized agencies, shall be granted the same facilities fortravel as are accorded to officials of comparable rank in diplomatic missions.

Article IX - Settlement of Disputes

Section 31

Each specialized agency shall make provision for appropriate modes of settlement of:

(a) Disputes arising out of contracts or other disputes of private character to which thespecialized agency is a party;

(b) Disputes involving any official of a specialized agency who by reason of his official positionenjoys immunity, if immunity has not been waived in accordance with the provisions of section22.

Section 32

All differences arising out of the interpretation or application of the present Convention shall bereferred to the International Court of Justice unless in any case it is agreed by the parties to haverecourse to another mode of settlement. If a difference arises between one of the specializedagencies on the one hand, and a member on the other hand, a request shall be made for anadvisory opinion on any legal question involved in accordance with Article 96 of the Charter andArticle 65 of the Statute of the Court and the relevant provisions of the agreements concludedbetween the United Nations and the specialized agency concerned. The opinion given by theCourt shall be accepted as decisive by the parties.

Article X - Annexes and Application to Individual Specialized Agencies

Section 33

In their application to each specialized agency, the standard clauses shall operate subject to anymodifications set forth in the final (or revised) text of the annex relating to that agency, asprovided in sections 36 and 38.

Section 34

The provisions of the Convention in relation to any specialized agency must be interpreted in thelight of the functions with which that agency is entrusted by its constitutional instrument.

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Section 35

Draft annexes I to IX are recommended to the specialized agencies named therein. In the case ofany specialized agency not mentioned by name in section 1, the Secretary-General of the UnitedNations shall transmit to the agency a draft annex recommended by the Economic and SocialCouncil.

Section 36

The final text of each annex shall be that approved by the specialized agency in question inaccordance with its constitutional procedure. A copy of the annex as approved by eachspecialized agency shall be transmitted by the agency in question to the Secretary-General of theUnited Nations and shall thereupon replace the draft referred to in section 35.

Section 37

The present Convention becomes applicable to each specialized agency when it has transmittedto the Secretary-General of the United Nations the final text of the relevant annex and hasinformed him that it accepts the standard clauses, as modified by this annex, and undertakes togive effect to sections 8, 18, 22, 23, 24, 31, 32, 42 and 45 (subject to any modification of section32 which may be found necessary in order to make the final text of the annex consonant with theconstitutional instrument of the agency) and any provisions of the annex placing obligations onthe agency. The Secretary-General shall communicate to all Members of the United Nations andto other States members of the specialized agencies certified copies of all annexes transmitted tohim under this section and of revised annexes transmitted under section 38.

Section 38

If, after the transmission of a final annex under section 36, any specialized agency approves anyamendments thereto in accordance with its constitutional procedure, a revised annex shall betransmitted by it to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Section 39

The provisions of this Convention shall in no way limit or prejudice the privileges andimmunities which have been, or may hereafter be, accorded by any State to any specializedagency by reason of the location in the territory of that State of its headquarters or regionaloffices. This Convention shall not be deemed to prevent the conclusion between any State partythereto and any specialized agency of supplemental agreements adjusting the provisions of thisConvention or extending or curtailing the privileges and immunities thereby granted.

Section 40

It is understood that the standard clauses, as modified by the final text of an annex sent by aspecialized agency to the Secretary-General of the United Nations under section 36 (or anyrevised annex sent under section 38), will be consistent with the provisions of the constitutional

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instrument then in force of the agency in question, and that if any amendment to that instrumentis necessary for the purpose of making the constitutional instrument so consistent, suchamendment will have been brought into force in accordance with the constitutional procedure ofthat agency before the final (or revised) annex is transmitted.

The Convention shall not itself operate so as to abrogate, or derogate from, any provisions of theconstitutional instrument of any specialized agency or any rights or obligations which the agencymay otherwise have, acquire, or assume.

Article XI - Final Provisions

Section 41

Accession to this Convention by a Member of the United Nations and (subject to section 42) byany State member of a specialized agency shall be effected by deposit with the Secretary-Generalof the United Nations of an instrument of accession which shall take effect on the date of itsdeposit.

Section 42

Each specialized agency concerned shall communicate the text of this Convention together withthe relevant annexes to those of its members which are not Members of the United Nations andshall invite them to accede thereto in respect of that agency by depositing an instrument ofaccession to this Convention in respect thereof either with the Secretary-General of the UnitedNations or with the executive head of the specialized agency.

Section 43

Each State party to this Convention shall indicate in its instrument of accession the specializedagency or agencies in respect of which it undertakes to apply the provisions of this Convention.Each State party to this Convention may by a subsequent written notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations undertake to apply the provisions of this Convention to one ormore further specialized agencies. This notification shall take effect on the date of its receipt bythe Secretary-General.

Section 44

This Convention shall enter into force for each State party to this Convention in respect of aspecialized agency when it has become applicable to that agency in accordance with section 37and the State party has undertaken to apply the provisions of the Convention to that agency inaccordance with section 43.

Section 45

The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all Members of the United Nations, aswell as all members of the specialized agencies, and executive heads of the specialized agencies,

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of the deposit of each instrument of accession received under section 41 and of subsequentnotifications received under section 43. The executive head of a specialized agency shall informthe Secretary-General of the United Nations and the members of the agency concerned of thedeposit of any instrument of accession deposited with him under section 42.

Section 46

It is understood that, when an instrument of accession or a subsequent notification is depositedon behalf of any State, this State will be in a position under its own law to give effect to theterms of this Convention, as modified by the final texts of any annexes relating to the agenciescovered by such accessions or notifications.

Section 47

1. Subject to the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of this section, each State party to thisConvention undertakes to apply this Convention in respect of each specialized agency coveredby its accession or subsequent notification, until such time as a revised convention or annex shallhave become applicable to that agency and the said State shall have accepted the revisedconvention or annex. In the case of a revised annex, the acceptance of States shall be by anotification addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, which shall take effect onthe date of its receipt by the Secretary-General.

2. Each State party to this Convention, however, which is not, or has ceased to be, a member of aspecialized agency, may address a written notification to the Secretary-General of the UnitedNations and the executive head of the agency concerned to the effect that it intends to withholdfrom that agency the benefits of this Convention as from a specified date, which shall not beearlier than three months from the date of receipt of the notification.

3. Each State party to this Convention may withhold the benefit of this Convention to anyspecialized agency which ceases to be in relationship with the United Nations.

4. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all Member States parties to thisConvention of any notification transmitted to him under the provisions of this section.

Section 48

At the request of one-third of the States parties to this Convention, the Secretary-General of theUnited Nations will convene a conference with a view to its revision.

Section 49

The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall transmit copies of this Convention to eachspecialized agency and to the Government of each Member of the United Nations.

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Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961

Done at Vienna on 18 April 1961. Entered into force on 24 April 1964.

The States Parties to the present Convention,

Recalling that peoples of all nations from ancient times have recognized the status of diplomaticagents,

Having in mind the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations concerning thesovereign equality of States, the maintenance of international peace and security, and thepromotion of friendly relations among nations,

Believing that an international convention on diplomatic intercourse, privileges and immunitieswould contribute to the development of friendly relations among nations, irrespective of theirdiffering constitutional and social systems,

Realizing that the purpose of such privileges and immunities is not to benefit individuals but toensure the efficient performance of the functions of diplomatic missions as representing States,

Affirming that the rules of customary international law should continue to govern questions notexpressly regulated by the provisions of the present Convention,

Have agreed as follows:

Article 1For the purpose of the present Convention, the following expressions shall have the meaningshereunder assigned to them:

(a) The “head of the mission” is the person charged by the sending State with the duty of actingin that capacity;

(b) The “members of the mission” are the head of the mission and the members of the staff of themission;

(c) The “members of the staff of the mission” are the members of the diplomatic staff, of theadministrative and technical staff and of the service staff of the mission;

(d) The “members of the diplomatic staff” are the members of the staff of the mission havingdiplomatic rank;

(e) A “diplomatic agent” is the head of the mission or a member of the diplomatic staff of themission;

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(f) The “members of the administrative and technical staff” are the members of the staff of themission employed in the administrative and technical service of the mission;

(g) The “members of the service staff” are the members of the staff of the mission in thedomestic service of the mission;

(h) A “private servant” is a person who is in the domestic service of a member of the mission andwho is not an employee of the sending State;

(i) The “premises of the mission” are the buildings or parts of buildings and the land ancillarythereto, irrespective of ownership, used for the purposes of the mission including the residence ofthe head of the mission.

Article 2The establishment of diplomatic relations between States, and of permanent diplomatic missions,takes place by mutual consent.

Article 31.The functions of a diplomatic mission consist, inter alia, in:(a) Representing the sending State in the receiving State;

(b) Protecting in the receiving State the interests of the sending State and of its nationals, withinthe limits permitted by international law;

(c) Negotiating with the Government of the receiving State;

(d) Ascertaining by all lawful means conditions and developments in the receiving State, andreporting thereon to the Government of the sending State;

(e) Promoting friendly relations between the sending State and the receiving State, anddeveloping their economic, cultural and scientific relations.

2.Nothing in the present Convention shall be construed as preventing the performance ofconsular functions by a diplomatic mission.

Article 41.The sending State must make certain that the agrément of the receiving State has been givenfor the person it proposes to accredit as head of the mission to that State.

2.The receiving State is not obliged to give reasons to the sending State for a refusal ofagrément.

Article 51.The sending State may, after it has given due notification to the receiving States concerned,accredit a head of mission or assign any member of the diplomatic staff, as the case may be, tomore than one State, unless there is express objection by any of the receiving States.

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2. If the sending State accredits a head of mission to one or more other States it may establish adiplomatic mission headed by a chargé d’affaires ad interim in each State where the head ofmission has not his permanent seat.

3.A head of mission or any member of the diplomatic staff of the mission may act asrepresentative of the sending State to any international organization.

Article 6Two or more States may accredit the same person as head of mission to another State, unlessobjection is offered by the receiving State.

Article 7Subject to the provisions of articles 5, 8, 9 and 11, the sending State may freely appoint themembers of the staff of the mission. In the case of military, naval or air attachés, the receivingState may require their names to be submitted beforehand, for its approval.

Article 81.Members of the diplomatic staff of the mission should in principle be of the nationality of thesending State.

2.Members of the diplomatic staff of the mission may not be appointed from among personshaving the nationality of the receiving State, except with the consent of that State which may bewithdrawn at any time.

3.The receiving State may reserve the same right with regard to nationals of a third State who arenot also nationals of the sending State.

Article 91.The receiving State may at any time and without having to explain its decision, notify thesending State that the head of the mission or any member of the diplomatic staff of the mission ispersona non grata or that any other member of the staff of the mission is not acceptable. In anysuch case, the sending State shall, as appropriate, either recall the person concerned or terminatehis functions with the mission. A person may be declared non grata or not acceptable beforearriving in the territory of the receiving State.

2. If the sending State refuses or fails within a reasonable period to carry out its obligations underparagraph 1 of this article, the receiving State may refuse to recognize the person concerned as amember of the mission.

Article 101.The Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the receiving State, or such other ministry as may beagreed, shall be notified of:

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(a) The appointment of members of the mission, their arrival and their final departure or thetermination of their functions with the mission;

(b) The arrival and final departure of a person belonging to the family of a member of themission and, where appropriate, the fact that a person becomes or ceases to be a member of thefamily of a member of the mission;

(c) The arrival and final departure of private servants in the employ of persons referred to insubparagraph (a) of this paragraph and, where appropriate, the fact that they are leaving theemploy of such persons;

(d) The engagement and discharge of persons resident in the receiving State as members of themission or private servants entitled to privileges and immunities.

2.Where possible, prior notification of arrival and final departure shall also be given.

Article 111. In the absence of specific agreement as to the size of the mission, the receiving State mayrequire that the size of a mission be kept within limits considered by it to be reasonable andnormal, having regard to circumstances and conditions in the receiving State and to the needs ofthe particular mission.

2.The receiving State may equally, within similar bounds and on a non-discriminatory basis,refuse to accept officials of a particular category.

Article 12The sending State may not, without the prior express consent of the receiving State, establishoffices forming part of the mission in localities other than those in which the mission itself isestablished.

Article 131.The head of the mission is considered as having taken up his functions in the receiving Stateeither when he has presented his credentials or when he has notified his arrival and a true copy ofhis credentials has been presented to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the receiving State, orsuch other ministry as may be agreed, in accordance with the practice prevailing in the receivingState which shall be applied in a uniform manner.

2.The order of presentation of credentials or of a true copy thereof will be determined by the dateand time of the arrival of the head of the mission.

Article 141.Heads of mission are divided into three classes, namely:(a) That of ambassadors or nuncios accredited to Heads of State, and other heads of mission ofequivalent rank;

(b) That of envoys, ministers and internuncios accredited to Heads of State;

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(c) That of chargés d’affaires accredited to Ministers for Foreign Affairs.

2.Except as concerns precedence and etiquette, there shall be no differentiation between heads ofmission by reason of their class.

Article 15The class to which the heads of their missions are to be assigned shall be agreed between States.

Article 161.Heads of mission shall take precedence in their respective classes in the order of the date andtime of taking up their functions in accordance with article 13.

2.Alterations in the credentials of a head of mission not involving any change of class shall notaffect his precedence.

3.This article is without prejudice to any practice accepted by the receiving State regarding theprecedence of the representative of the Holy See.

Article 17The precedence of the members of the diplomatic staff of the mission shall be notified by thehead of the mission to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs or such other ministry as may be agreed.

Article 18The procedure to be observed in each State for the reception of heads of mission shall be uniformin respect of each class.

Article 191. If the post of head of the mission is vacant, or if the head of the mission is unable to performhis functions a chargé d’affaires ad interim shall act provisionally as head of the mission. Thename of the chargé d’affaires ad interim shall be notified, either by the head of the mission or, incase he is unable to do so, by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the sending State to theMinistry for Foreign Affairs of the receiving State or such other ministry as may be agreed.

2. In cases where no member of the diplomatic staff of the mission is present in the receivingState, a member of the administrative and technical staff may, with the consent of the receivingState, be designated by the sending State to be in charge of the current administrative affairs ofthe mission.

Article 20The mission and its head shall have the right to use the flag and emblem of the sending State onthe premises of the mission, including the residence of the head of the mission, and on his meansof transport.

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Article 211.The receiving State shall either facilitate the acquisition on its territory, in accordance with itslaws, by the sending State of premises necessary for its mission or assist the latter in obtainingaccommodation in some other way.

2. It shall also, where necessary, assist missions in obtaining suitable accommodation for theirmembers.

Article 221.The premises of the mission shall be inviolable. The agents of the receiving State may not enterthem, except with the consent of the head of the mission.

2.The receiving State is under a special duty to take all appropriate steps to protect the premisesof the mission against any intrusion or damage and to prevent any disturbance of the peace of themission or impairment of its dignity.

3.The premises of the mission, their furnishings and other property thereon and the means oftransport of the mission shall be immune from search, requisition, attachment or execution.

Article 231.The sending State and the head of the mission shall be exempt from all national, regional ormunicipal dues and taxes in respect of the premises of the mission, whether owned or leased,other than such as represent payment for specific services rendered.

2.The exemption from taxation referred to in this article shall not apply to such dues and taxespayable under the law of the receiving State by persons contracting with the sending State or thehead of the mission.

Article 24The archives and documents of the mission shall be inviolable at any time and wherever theymay be.

Article 25The receiving State shall accord full facilities for the performance of the functions of themission.

Article 26Subject to its laws and regulations concerning zones entry into which is prohibited or regulatedfor reasons of national security, the receiving State shall ensure to all members of the missionfreedom of movement and travel in its territory.

Article 271.The receiving State shall permit and protect free communication on the part of the mission forall official purposes. In communicating with the Government and the other missions andconsulates of the sending State, wherever situated, the mission may employ all appropriate

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means, including diplomatic couriers and messages in code or cipher. However, the mission mayinstall and use a wireless transmitter only with the consent of the receiving State.

2.The official correspondence of the mission shall be inviolable. Official correspondence meansall correspondence relating to the mission and its functions.

3.The diplomatic bag shall not be opened or detained.

4.The packages constituting the diplomatic bag must bear visible external marks of theircharacter and may contain only diplomatic documents or articles intended for official use.

5.The diplomatic courier, who shall be provided with an official document indicating his statusand the number of packages constituting the diplomatic bag, shall be protected by the receivingState in the performance of his functions. He shall enjoy person inviolability and shall not beliable to any form of arrest or detention.

6.The sending State or the mission may designate diplomatic couriers ad hoc. In such cases theprovisions of paragraph 5 of this article shall also apply, except that the immunities thereinmentioned shall cease to apply when such a courier has delivered to the consignee the diplomaticbag in his charge.

7.A diplomatic bag may be entrusted to the captain of a commercial aircraft scheduled to land atan authorized port of entry. He shall be provided with an official document indicating thenumber of packages constituting the bag but he shall not be considered to be a diplomaticcourier. The mission may send one of its members to take possession of the diplomatic bagdirectly and freely from the captain of the aircraft.

Article 28The fees and charges levied by the mission in the course of its official duties shall be exemptfrom all dues and taxes.

Article 29The person of a diplomatic agent shall be inviolable. He shall not be liable to any form of arrestor detention. The receiving State shall treat him with due respect and shall take all appropriatesteps to prevent any attack on his person, freedom or dignity.

Article 301.The private residence of a diplomatic agent shall enjoy the same inviolability and protection asthe premises of the mission.

2.His papers, correspondence and, except as provided in paragraph 3 of article 31, his property,shall likewise enjoy inviolability.

Article 311.A diplomatic agent shall enjoy immunity from the criminal jurisdiction of the receiving State.He shall also enjoy immunity from its civil and administrative jurisdiction, except in the case of:

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(a) A real action relating to private immovable property situated in the territory of the receivingState, unless he holds it on behalf of the sending State for the purposes of the mission;

(b) An action relating to succession in which the diplomatic agent is involved as executor,administrator, heir or legatee as a private person and not on behalf of the sending State;

(c) An action relating to any professional or commercial activity exercised by the diplomaticagent in the receiving State outside his official functions.

2.A diplomatic agent is not obliged to give evidence as a witness.

3.No measures of execution may be taken in respect of a diplomatic agent except in the casescoming under subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c) of paragraph 1 of this article, and provided that themeasures concerned can be taken without infringing the inviolability of his person or of hisresidence.

4.The immunity of a diplomatic agent from the jurisdiction of the receiving State does notexempt him from the jurisdiction of the sending State.

Article 321.The immunity from jurisdiction of diplomatic agents and of persons enjoying immunity underarticle 37 may be waived by the sending State.

2.Waiver must always be express.

3.The initiation of proceedings by a diplomatic agent or by a person enjoying immunity fromjurisdiction under article 37 shall preclude him from invoking immunity from jurisdiction inrespect of any counterclaim directly connected with the principal claim.

4.Waiver of immunity from jurisdiction in respect of civil or administrative proceedings shall notbe held to imply waiver of immunity in respect of the execution of the judgement, for which aseparate waiver shall be necessary.

Article 331.Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 of this article, a diplomatic agent shall with respect toservices rendered for the sending State be exempt from social security provisions which may bein force in the receiving State.

2.The exemption provided for in paragraph 1 of this article shall also apply to private servantswho are in the sole employ of a diplomatic agent, on condition:(a) That they are not nationals of or permanently resident in the receiving State; and(b) That they are covered by the social security provisions which may be in force in the sendingState or a third State.

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3.A diplomatic agent who employs persons to whom the exemption provided for in paragraph 2of this article does not apply shall observe the obligations which the social security provisions ofthe receiving State impose upon employers.

4.The exemption provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article shall not preclude voluntaryparticipation in the social security system of the receiving State provided that such participationis permitted by that State.

5.The provisions of this article shall not affect bilateral or multilateral agreements concerningsocial security concluded previously and shall not prevent the conclusion of such agreements inthe future.

Article 34A diplomatic agent shall be exempt from all dues and taxes, personal or real, national, regionalor municipal, except:(a) Indirect taxes of a kind which are normally incorporated in the price of goods or services;

(b) Dues and taxes on private immovable property situated in the territory of the receiving State,unless he holds it on behalf of the sending State for the purposes of the mission;

(c) Estate, succession or inheritance duties levied by the receiving State, subject to the provisionsof paragraph 4 of article 39;

(d) Dues and taxes on private income having its source in the receiving State and capital taxes oninvestments made in commercial undertakings in the receiving State;

(e) Charges levied for specific services rendered;

(f) Registration, court or record fees, mortgage dues and stamp duty, with respect to immovableproperty, subject to the provisions of article 23.

Article 35The receiving State shall exempt diplomatic agents from all personal services, from all publicservice of any kind whatsoever, and from military obligations such as those connected withrequisitioning, military contributions and billeting.

Article 361.The receiving State shall, in accordance with such laws and regulations as it may adopt, permitentry of and grant exemption from all customs duties, taxes, and related charges other thancharges for storage, cartage and similar services, on:

(a) Articles for the official use of the mission;

(b) Articles for the personal use of a diplomatic agent or members of his family forming part ofhis household, including articles intended for his establishment.

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2.The personal baggage of a diplomatic agent shall be exempt from inspection, unless there areserious grounds for presuming that it contains articles not covered by the exemptions mentionedin paragraph 1 of this article, or articles the import or export of which is prohibited by the law orcontrolled by the quarantine regulations of the receiving State. Such inspection shall beconducted only in the presence of the diplomatic agent or of his authorized representative.

Article 371.The members of the family of a diplomatic agent forming part of his household shall, if theyare not nationals of the receiving State, enjoy the privileges and immunities specified in articles29 to 36.

2.Members of the administrative and technical staff of the mission, together with members oftheir families forming part of their respective households, shall, if they are not nationals of orpermanently resident in the receiving State, enjoy the privileges and immunities specified inarticles 29 to 35, except that the immunity from civil and administrative jurisdiction of thereceiving State specified in paragraph 1 of article 31 shall not extend to acts performed outsidethe course of their duties. They shall also enjoy the privileges specified in article 36, paragraph 1,in respect of articles imported at the time of first installation.

3.Members of the service staff of the mission who are not nationals of or permanently resident inthe receiving State shall enjoy immunity in respect of acts performed in the course of theirduties, exemption from dues and taxes on the emoluments they receive by reason of theiremployment and the exemption contained in article 33.

4.Private servants of members of the mission shall, if they are not nationals of or permanentlyresident in the receiving State, be exempt from dues and taxes on the emoluments they receiveby reason of their employment. In other respects, they may enjoy privileges and immunities onlyto the extent admitted by the receiving State. However, the receiving State must exercise itsjurisdiction over those persons in such a manner as not to interfere unduly with the performanceof the functions of the mission.

Article 381.Except insofar as additional privileges and immunities may be granted by the receiving State, adiplomatic agent who is a national of or permanently resident in that State shall enjoy onlyimmunity from jurisdiction, and inviolability, in respect of official acts performed in the exerciseof his functions.

2.Other members of the staff of the mission and private servants who are nationals of orpermanently resident in the receiving State shall enjoy privileges and immunities only to theextent admitted by the receiving State. However, the receiving State must exercise its jurisdictionover those persons in such a manner as not to interfere unduly with the performance of thefunctions of the mission.

Article 391.Every person entitled to privileges and immunities shall enjoy them from the moment he entersthe territory of the receiving State on proceeding to take up his post or, if already in its territory,

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from the moment when his appointment is notified to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs or suchother ministry as may be agreed.

2.When the functions of a person enjoying privileges and immunities have come to an end, suchprivileges and immunities shall normally cease at the moment when he leaves the country, or onexpiry of a reasonable period in which to do so, but shall subsist until that time, even in case ofarmed conflict. However, with respect to acts performed by such a person in the exercise of hisfunctions as a member of the mission, immunity shall continue to subsist.

3. In case of the death of a member of the mission, the members of his family shall continue toenjoy the privileges and immunities to which they are entitled until the expiry of a reasonableperiod in which to leave the country.

4. In the event of the death of a member of the mission not a national of or permanently residentin the receiving State or a member of his family forming part of his household, the receivingState shall permit the withdrawal of the movable property of the deceased, with the exception ofany property acquired in the country the export of which was prohibited at the time of his death.Estate, succession and inheritance duties shall not be levied on movable property the presence ofwhich in the receiving State was due solely to the presence there of the deceased as a member ofthe mission or as a member of the family of a member of the mission.

Article 401. If a diplomatic agent passes through or is in the territory of a third State, which has grantedhim a passport visa if such visa was necessary, while proceeding to take up or to return to hispost, or when returning to his own country, the third State shall accord him inviolability and suchother immunities as may be required to ensure his transit or return. The same shall apply in thecase of any members of his family enjoying privileges or immunities who are accompanying thediplomatic agent, or travelling separately to join him or to return to their country.

2. In circumstances similar to those specified in paragraph 1 of this article, third States shall nothinder the passage of members of the administrative and technical or service staff of a mission,and of members of their families, through their territories.

3.Third States shall accord to official correspondence and other official communications intransit, including messages in code or cipher, the same freedom and protection as is accorded bythe receiving State. They shall accord to diplomatic couriers, who have been granted a passportvisa if such visa was necessary, and diplomatic bags in transit, the same inviolability andprotection as the receiving State is bound to accord.

4.The obligations of third States under paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this article shall also apply to thepersons mentioned respectively in those paragraphs, and to official communications anddiplomatic bags, whose presence in the territory of the third State is due to force majeure.

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Article 411.Without prejudice to their privileges and immunities, it is the duty of all persons enjoying suchprivileges and immunities to respect the laws and regulations of the receiving State. They alsohave a duty not to interfere in the internal affairs of that State.

2.All official business with the receiving State entrusted to the mission by the sending State shallbe conducted with or through the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the receiving State or suchother ministry as may be agreed.

3.The premises of the mission must not be used in any manner incompatible with the functionsof the mission as laid down in the present Convention or by other rules of general internationallaw or by any special agreements in force between the sending and the receiving State.

Article 42A diplomatic agent shall not in the receiving State practise for personal profit any professional orcommercial activity.

Article 43The function of a diplomatic agent comes to an end, inter alia:(a) On notification by the sending State to the receiving State that the function of the diplomaticagent has come to an end;

(b) On notification by the receiving State to the sending State that, in accordance with paragraph2 of article 9, it refuses to recognize the diplomatic agent as a member of the mission.

Article 44The receiving State must, even in case of armed conflict, grant facilities in order to enablepersons enjoying privileges and immunities, other than nationals of the receiving State, andmembers of the families of such persons irrespective of their nationality, to leave at the earliestpossible moment. It must, in particular, in case of need, place at their disposal the necessarymeans of transport for themselves and their property.

Article 45If diplomatic relations are broken off between two States, or if a mission is permanently ortemporarily recalled:(a) The receiving State must, even in case of armed conflict, respect and protect the premises ofthe mission, together with its property and archives;

(b) The sending State may entrust the custody of the premises of the mission, together with itsproperty and archives, to a third State acceptable to the receiving State;

(c) The sending State may entrust the protection of its interests and those of its nationals to athird State acceptable to the receiving State.

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Article 46A sending State may with the prior consent of a receiving State, and at the request of a third Statenot represented in the receiving State, undertake the temporary protection of the interests of thethird State and of its nationals.

Article 471. In the application of the provisions of the present Convention, the receiving State shall notdiscriminate as between States.

2.However, discrimination shall not be regarded as taking place:

(a) Where the receiving State applies any of the provisions of the present Conventionrestrictively because of a restrictive application of that provision to its mission in the sendingState;

(b) Where by custom or agreement States extend to each other more favourable treatment than isrequired by the provisions of the present Convention.

Article 48The present Convention shall be open for signature by all States Members of the United Nationsor of any of the specialized agencies Parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice,and by any other State invited by the General Assembly of the United Nations to become a Partyto the Convention, as follows: until 31 October 1961 at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairsof Austria and subsequently, until 31 March 1962, at the United Nations Headquarters in NewYork.

Article 49The present Convention is subject to ratification. The instruments of ratification shall bedeposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Article 50The present Convention shall remain open for accession by any State belonging to any of thefour categories mentioned in article 48. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with theSecretary- General of the United Nations.

Article 511.The present Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the date of depositof the twenty-second instrument of ratification or accession with the Secretary-General of theUnited Nations.

2.For each State ratifying or acceding to the Convention after the deposit of the twenty-secondinstrument of ratification or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth dayafter deposit by such State of its instrument of ratification or accession.

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Article 52The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States belonging to any of the fourcategories mentioned in article 48:

(a) Of signatures to the present Convention and of the deposit of instruments of ratification oraccession, in accordance with articles 48, 49 and 50;

(b) Of the date on which the present Convention will enter into force, in accordance with article51.

Article 53The original of the present Convention, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian andSpanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the UnitedNations, who shall send certified copies thereof to all States belonging to any of the fourcategories mentioned in article 48.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized thereto bytheir respective Governments, have signed the present Convention.

DONE at Vienna this eighteenth day of April one thousand nine hundred and sixty-one.

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Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relationsconcerning Acquisition of Nationality, 1961

Done at Vienna on 18 April 1961.

The States Parties to the present Protocol and to the Vienna Convention on DiplomaticRelations, hereinafter referred to as “the Convention”, adopted by the United Nations Conferenceheld at Vienna from 2 March to 14 April 1961,

Expressing their wish to establish rules between them concerning acquisition of nationality bythe members of their diplomatic missions and of the families forming part of the household ofthose members,

Have agreed as follows:

Article IFor the purpose of the present Protocol, the expression “members of the mission” shall have themeaning assigned to it in article 1, subparagraph (b), of the Convention, namely “the head of themission and the members of the staff of the mission”.

Article IIMembers of the mission not being nationals of the receiving State, and members of their familiesforming part of their household, shall not, solely by the operation of the law of the receivingState, acquire the nationality of that State.

Article IIIThe present Protocol shall be open for signature by all States which may become Parties to theConvention, as follows: until 31 October 1961 at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs ofAustria and subsequently, until 31 March 1962, at the United Nations Headquarters in NewYork.

Article IVThe present Protocol is subject to ratification. The instruments of ratification shall be depositedwith the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Article VThe present Protocol shall remain open for accession by all States which may become Parties tothe Convention.

The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the UnitedNations.

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Article VI1. The present Protocol shall enter into force on the same day as the Convention or on thethirtieth day following the date of deposit of the second instrument of ratification or accession tothe Protocol with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, whichever date is the later.2. For each State ratifying or acceding to the present Protocol after its entry into force inaccordance with paragraph 1 of this article, the Protocol shall enter into force on the thirtieth dayafter deposit by such State of its instrument of ratification or accession.

Article VIIThe Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States which may become Parties tothe Convention:

(a) Of signatures to the present Protocol and of the deposit of instruments of ratification oraccession, in accordance with articles III, IV and V;

(b) Of the date on which the present Protocol will enter into force, in accordance with article VI.

Article VIIIThe original of the present Protocol, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanishtexts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations,who shall send certified copies thereof to all States referred to in article III.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized thereto bytheir respective Governments, have signed the present Protocol.

DONE at Vienna this eighteenth day of April one thousand nine hundred and sixty-one.

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Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relationsconcerning the Compulsory Settlement of Disputes, 1961

Done at Vienna on 18 April 1961.

The States Parties to the present Protocol and to the Vienna Convention on DiplomaticRelations, hereinafter referred to as “the Convention”, adopted by the United Nations Conferenceheld at Vienna from 2 March to 14 April 1961,

Expressing their wish to resort in all matters concerning them in respect of any dispute arisingout of the interpretation or application of the Convention to the compulsory jurisdiction of theInternational Court of Justice, unless some other form of settlement has been agreed upon by theparties within a reasonable period,

Have agreed as follows:

Article IDisputes arising out of the interpretation or application of the Convention shall lie within thecompulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice and may accordingly be broughtbefore the Court by an application made by any party to the dispute being a Party to the presentProtocol.

Article IIThe parties may agree, within a period of two months after one party has notified its opinion tothe other that a dispute exists, to resort not to the International Court of Justice but to an arbitraltribunal. After the expiry of the said period, either party may bring the dispute before the Courtby an application.

Article III1. Within the same period of two months, the parties may agree to adopt a conciliation procedurebefore resorting to the International Court of Justice.

2. The conciliation commission shall make its recommendations within five months after itsappointment. If its recommendations are not accepted by the parties to the dispute within twomonths after they have been delivered, either party may bring the dispute before the Court by anapplication.

Article IVStates Parties to the Convention, to the Optional Protocol concerning Acquisition of Nationality,and to the present Protocol may at any time declare that they will extend the provisions of thepresent Protocol to disputes arising out of the interpretation or application of the OptionalProtocol concerning Acquisition of Nationality. Such declarations shall be notified to theSecretary-General of the United Nations.

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Article VThe present Protocol shall be open for signature by all States which may become Parties to theConvention, as follows: until 31 October 1961 at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs ofAustria and subsequently, until 31 March 1962, at the United Nations Headquarters in NewYork.

Article VIThe present Protocol is subject to ratification. The instruments of ratification shall be depositedwith the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Article VIIThe present Protocol shall remain open for accession by all States which may become Parties tothe Convention. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General ofthe United Nations.

Article VIII1. The present Protocol shall enter into force on the same day as the Convention or on thethirtieth day following the date of deposit of the second instrument of ratification or accession tothe Protocol with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, whichever day is the later.

2. For each State ratifying or acceding to the present Protocol after its entry into force inaccordance with paragraph 1 of this article, the Protocol shall enter into force on the thirtieth dayafter deposit by such State of its instrument of ratification or accession.

Article IXThe Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States which may become Parties tothe Convention:

(a) Of signatures to the present Protocol and of the deposit of instruments of ratification oraccession, in accordance with articles V, VI and VII;

(b) Of declarations made in accordance with article IV of the present Protocol;

(c) Of the date on which the present Protocol will enter into force, in accordance with articleVIII.

Article XThe original of the present Protocol, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanishtexts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations,who shall send certified copies thereof to all States referred to in article V.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized thereto bytheir respective Governments, have signed the present Protocol.

DONE at Vienna this eighteenth day of April one thousand nine hundred and sixty-one.

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Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 1963

Done at Vienna on 24 April 1963. Entered into force on 19 March 1967.

The States Parties to the present Convention,

Recalling that consular relations have been established between peoples since ancient times,

Having in mind the Purposes and Principles of the Charter of the United Nations concerning thesovereign equality of States, the maintenance of international peace and security, and thepromotion of friendly relations among nations,

Considering that the United Nations Conference on Diplomatic Intercourse and Immunitiesadopted the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations which was opened for signature on 18April 1961,

Believing that an international convention on consular relations, privileges and immunities wouldalso contribute to the development of friendly relations among nations, irrespective of theirdiffering constitutional and social systems,

Realizing that the purpose of such privileges and immunities is not to benefit individuals but toensure the efficient performance of functions by consular posts on behalf of their respectiveStates,

Affirming that the rules of customary international law continue to govern matters not expresslyregulated by the provisions of the present Convention,

Have agreed as follows:

Article 1Definitions

1.For the purposes of the present Convention, the following expressions shall have the meaningshereunder assigned to them:(a) “consular post” means any consulate-general, consulate, vice-consulate or consular agency;

(b) “consular district” means the area assigned to a consular post for the exercise of consularfunctions;

(c) “head of consular post” means the person charged with the duty of acting in that capacity;

(d) “consular officer” means any person, including the head of a consular post, entrusted in thatcapacity with the exercise of consular functions;(e) “consular employee” means any person employed in the administrative or technical service ofa consular post;

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(f) “member of the service staff” means any person employed in the domestic service of aconsular post;

(g) “members of the consular post” means consular officers, consular employees and members ofthe service staff;

(h) “members of the consular staff” means consular officers, other than the head of a consularpost, consular employees and members of the service staff;

(i) “member of the private staff” means a person who is employed exclusively in the privateservice of a member of the consular post;

(j) “consular premises” means the buildings or parts of buildings and the land ancillary thereto,irrespective of ownership, used exclusively for the purposes of the consular post;

(k) “consular archives” includes all the papers, documents, correspondence, books, films, tapesand registers of the consular post, together with the ciphers and codes, the card-indexes and anyarticle of furniture intended for their protection or safe keeping.

2.Consular officers are of two categories, namely career consular officers and honorary consularofficers. The provisions of Chapter II of the present Convention apply to consular posts headedby career consular officers, the provisions of Chapter III govern consular posts headed byhonorary consular officers.

3.The particular status of members of the consular posts who are nationals or permanentresidents of the receiving State is governed by article 71 of the present Convention.

CHAPTER I.CONSULAR RELATIONS IN GENERAL

SECTION I. ESTABLISHMENT AND CONDUCT OF CONSULAR RELATIONS

Article 2Establishment of consular relations

1.The establishment of consular relations between States takes place by mutual consent.

2. The consent given to the establishment of diplomatic relations between two States implies,unless otherwise stated, consent to the establishment of consular relations.

3.The severance of diplomatic relations shall not ipso facto involve the severance of consularrelations.

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Article 3Exercise of consular functions

Consular functions are exercised by consular posts. They are also exercised by diplomaticmissions in accordance with the provisions of the present Convention.

Article 4Establishment of a consular post

1.A consular post may be established in the territory of the receiving State only with that State’sconsent.

2.The seat of the consular post, its classification and the consular district shall be established bythe sending State and shall be subject to the approval of the receiving State.

3.Subsequent changes in the seat of the consular post, its classification or the consular districtmay be made by the sending State only with the consent of the receiving State.

4.The consent of the receiving State shall also be required if a consulate-general or a consulatedesires to open a vice-consulate or a consular agency in a locality other than that in which it isitself established.

5.The prior express consent of the receiving State shall also be required for the opening of anoffice forming part of an existing consular post elsewhere than at the seat thereof.

Article 5Consular functions

Consular functions consist in:

(a) protecting in the receiving State the interests of the sending State and of its nationals, bothindividuals and bodies corporate, within the limits permitted by international law;

(b) furthering the development of commercial, economic, cultural and scientific relationsbetween the sending State and the receiving State and otherwise promoting friendly relationsbetween them in accordance with the provisions of the present Convention;

(c) ascertaining by all lawful means conditions and developments in the commercial, economic,cultural and scientific life of the receiving State, reporting thereon to the Government of thesending State and giving information to persons interested;

(d) issuing passports and travel documents to nationals of the sending State, and visas orappropriate documents to persons wishing to travel to the sending State;

(e) helping and assisting nationals, both individuals and bodies corporate, of the sending State;

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(f) acting as notary and civil registrar and in capacities of a similar kind, and performing certainfunctions of an administrative nature, provided that there is nothing contrary thereto in the lawsand regulations of the receiving State;

(g) safeguarding the interests of nationals, both individuals and bodies corporate, of the sendingStates in cases of succession mortis causa in the territory of the receiving State, in accordancewith the laws and regulations of the receiving State;

(h) safeguarding, within the limits imposed by the laws and regulations of the receiving State, theinterests of minors and other persons lacking full capacity who are nationals of the sending State,particularly where any guardianship or trusteeship is required with respect to such persons;

(i) subject to the practices and procedures obtaining in the receiving State, representing orarranging appropriate representation for nationals of the sending State before the tribunals andother authorities of the receiving State, for the purpose of obtaining, in accordance with the lawsand regulations of the receiving State, provisional measures for the preservation of the rights andinterests of these nationals, where, because of absence or any other reason, such nationals areunable at the proper time to assume the defence of their rights and interests;

(j) transmitting judicial and extrajudicial documents or executing letters rogatory or commissionsto take evidence for the courts of the sending State in accordance with international agreementsin force or, in the absence of such international agreements, in any other manner compatible withthe laws and regulations of the receiving State;

(k) exercising rights of supervision and inspection provided for in the laws and regulations of thesending State in respect of vessels having the nationality of the sending State, and of aircraftregistered in that State, and in respect of their crews;

(l) extending assistance to vessels and aircraft mentioned in subparagraph (k) of this article, andto their crews, taking statements regarding the voyage of a vessel, examining and stamping theship’s papers, and, without prejudice to the powers of the authorities of the receiving State,conducting investigations into any incidents which occurred during the voyage, and settlingdisputes of any kind between the master, the officers and the seamen insofar as this may beauthorized by the laws and regulations of the sending State;

(m) performing any other functions entrusted to a consular post by the sending State which arenot prohibited by the laws and regulations of the receiving State or to which no objection is takenby the receiving State or which are referred to in the international agreements in force betweenthe sending State and the receiving State.

Article 6Exercise of consular functions outside the consular district

A consular officer may, in special circumstances, with the consent of the receiving State,exercise his functions outside his consular district.

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Article 7Exercise of consular functions in a third State

The sending State may, after notifying the States concerned, entrust a consular post establishedin a particular State with the exercise of consular functions in another State, unless there isexpress objection by one of the States concerned.

Article 8Exercise of consular functions on behalf of a third State

Upon appropriate notification to the receiving State, a consular post of the sending State may,unless the receiving State objects, exercise consular functions in the receiving State on behalf ofa third State.

Article 9Classes of heads of consular posts

1.Heads of consular posts are divided into four classes, namely(a) consuls-general;(b) consuls;(c) vice-consuls;(d) consular agents.

2.Paragraph 1 of this article in no way restricts the right of any of the Contracting Parties to fixthe designation of consular officers other than the heads of consular posts.

Article 10Appointment and admission of heads of consular posts

1.Heads of consular posts are appointed by the sending State and are admitted to the exercise oftheir functions by the receiving State.

2.Subject to the provisions of the present Convention, the formalities for the appointment and forthe admission of the head of a consular post are determined by the laws, regulations and usagesof the sending State and of the receiving State respectively.

Article 11The consular commission or notification of appointment

1.The head of a consular post shall be provided by the sending State with a document, in theform of a commission or similar instrument, made out for each appointment, certifying hiscapacity and showing, as a general rule, his full name, his category and class, the consulardistrict and the seat of the consular post.

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2.The sending State shall transmit the commission or similar instrument through the diplomaticor other appropriate channel to the Government of the State in whose territory the head of aconsular post is to exercise his functions.

3. If the receiving State agrees, the sending State may, instead of a commission or similarinstrument, send to the receiving State a notification containing the particulars required byparagraph 1 of this article.

Article 12The exequatur

1.The head of a consular post is admitted to the exercise of his functions by an authorizationfrom the receiving State termed an exequatur, whatever the form of this authorization.

2.A State which refused to grant an exequatur is not obliged to give to the sending State reasonsfor such refusal.

3.Subject to the provisions of articles 13 and 15, the head of a consular post shall not enter uponhis duties until he has received an exequatur.

Article 13Provisional admission of heads of consular posts

Pending delivery of the exequatur, the head of a consular post may be admitted on a provisionalbasis to the exercise of his functions. In that case, the provisions of the present Convention shallapply.

Article 14Notification to the authorities of the consular district

As soon as the head of a consular post is admitted even provisionally to the exercise of hisfunctions, the receiving State shall immediately notify the competent authorities of the consulardistrict.

It shall also ensure that the necessary measures are taken to enable the head of a consular post tocarry out the duties of his office and to have the benefit of the provisions of the presentConvention.

Article 15Temporary exercise of the functions of the head of a consular post

1. If the head of a consular post is unable to carry out his functions or the position of head ofconsular post is vacant, an acting head of post may act provisionally as head of the consular post.

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2.The full name of the acting head of post shall be notified either by the diplomatic mission ofthe sending State or, if that State has no such mission in the receiving State, by the head of theconsular post, or, if he is unable to do so, by any competent authority of the sending State, to theMinistry for Foreign Affairs of the receiving State or to the authority designated by that Ministry.As a general rule, this notification shall be given in advance. The receiving State may make theadmission as acting head of post of a person who is neither a diplomatic agent nor a consularofficer of the sending State in the receiving State conditional on its consent.

3.The competent authorities of the receiving State shall afford assistance and protection to theacting head of post. While he is in charge of the post, the provisions of the present Conventionshall apply to him on the same basis as to the head of the consular post concerned. The receivingState shall not, however, be obliged to grant to an acting head of post any facility, privilege orimmunity which the head of the consular post enjoys only subject to conditions not fulfilled bythe acting head of post.

4.When, in the circumstances referred to in paragraph 1 of this article, a member of thediplomatic staff of the diplomatic mission of the sending State in the receiving State isdesignated by the sending State as an acting head of post, he shall, if the receiving State does notobject thereto, continue to enjoy diplomatic privileges and immunities.

Article 16Precedence as between heads of consular posts

1.Heads of consular posts shall rank in each class according to the date of the grant of theexequatur.

2. If, however, the head of a consular post before obtaining the exequatur is admitted to theexercise of his functions provisionally, his precedence shall be determined according to the dateof the provisional admission; this precedence shall be maintained after the granting of theexequatur.

3.The order of precedence as between two or more heads of consular posts who obtained theexequatur or provisional admission on the same date shall be determined according to the dateson which their commissions or similar instruments or the notifications referred to in paragraph 3of article 11 were presented to the receiving State.

4.Acting heads of posts shall rank after all heads of consular posts and, as between themselves,they shall rank according to the dates on which they assumed their functions as acting heads ofposts as indicated in the notifications given under paragraph 2 of article 15.

5.Honorary consular officers who are heads of consular posts shall rank in each class after careerheads of consular posts, in the order and according to the rules laid down in the foregoingparagraphs.

6.Heads of consular posts shall have precedence over consular officers not having that status.

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Article 17Performance of diplomatic acts by consular officers

1. In a State where the sending State has no diplomatic mission and is not represented by adiplomatic mission of a third State, a consular officer may, with the consent of the receivingState, and without affecting his consular status, be authorized to perform diplomatic acts. Theperformance of such acts by a consular officer shall not confer upon him any right to claimdiplomatic privileges an¡ immunities.

2.A consular officer may, after notification addressed to the receiving State, act as representativeof the sending State to any intergovernmental organization. When so acting, he shall be entitledto enjoy any privileges and immunities accorded to such a representative by customaryinternational law or by international agreements; however, in respect of the performance by himof any consular function, he shall not be entitled to any greater immunity from jurisdiction thanthat to which a consular officer is entitled under the present Convention.

Article 18Appointment of the same person by two or more States as a consular officer

Two or more States may, with the consent of the receiving State, appoint the same person as aconsular officer in that State.

Article 19Appointment of members of consular staff

1.Subject to the provisions of articles 20, 22 and 23, the sending State may freely appoint themembers of the consular staff.

2.The full name, category and class of all consular officers, other than the head of a consularpost, shall be notified by the sending State to the receiving State in sufficient time for thereceiving State, if it so wishes, to exercise its rights under paragraph 3 of article 23.

3.The sending State may, if required by its laws and regulations, request the receiving State togrant an exequatur to a consular officer other than the head of a consular post.

4.The receiving State may, if required by its laws and regulations, grant an exequatur to aconsular officer other than the head of a consular post.

Article 20Size of the consular staff

In the absence of an express agreement as to the size of the consular staff, the receiving Statemay require that the size of the staff be kept within limits considered by it to be reasonable andnormal, having regard to circumstances and conditions in the consular district and to the needs ofthe particular consular post.

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Article 21Precedence as between consular officers of a consular post

The order of precedence as between the consular officers of a consular post and any changethereof shall be notified by the diplomatic mission of the sending State or, if that State has nosuch mission in the receiving State, by the head of the consular post, to the Ministry for ForeignAffairs of the receiving State or to the authority designated by that Ministry.

Article 22Nationality of consular officers

1.Consular officers should, in principle, have the nationality of the sending State.

2.Consular officers may not be appointed from among persons having the nationality of thereceiving State except with the express consent of that State which may be withdrawn at anytime.

3.The receiving State may reserve the same right with regard to nationals of a third State who arenot also nationals of the sending State.

Article 23Persons declared “non grata”

1.The receiving State may at any time notify the sending State that a consular officer is personanon grata or that any other member of the consular staff is not acceptable. In that event, thesending State shall, as the case may be, either recall the person concerned or terminate hisfunctions with the consular post.

2. If the sending State refuses or fails within a reasonable time to carry out its obligations underparagraph 1 of this article, the receiving State may, as the case may be, either withdraw theexequatur from the person concerned or cease to consider him as a member of the consular staff.

3.A person appointed as a member of a consular post may be declared unacceptable beforearriving in the territory of the receiving State or, if already in the receiving State, before enteringon his duties with the consular post. In any such case, the sending State shall withdraw hisappointment.

4. In the cases mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 3 of this article, the receiving State is not obligedto give to the sending State reasons for its decision.

Article 24Notification to the receiving State of appointments, arrivals and departures

1.The Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the receiving State or the authority designated by thatMinistry shall be notified of:

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(a) the appointment of members of a consular post, their arrival after appointment to the consularpost, their final departure or the termination of their functions and any other changes affectingtheir status that may occur in the course of their service with the consular post;

(b) the arrival and final departure of a person belonging to the family of a member of a consularpost forming part of his household and, where appropriate, the fact that a person becomes orceases to be such a member of the family;

(c) the arrival and final departure of members of the private staff and, where appropriate, thetermination of their service as such;

(d) the engagement and discharge of persons resident in the receiving State as members of aconsular post or as members of the private staff entitled to privileges and immunities.

2.When possible, prior notification of arrival and final departure shall also be given.

SECTION II.END OF CONSULAR FUNCTIONS

Article 25Termination of the functions of a member of a consular post

The functions of a member of a consular post shall come to an end, inter alia:(a) on notification by the sending State to the receiving State that his functions have come to anend;

(b) on withdrawal of the exequatur;

(c) on notification by the receiving State to the sending State that the receiving State has ceasedto consider him as a member of the consular staff.

Article 26Departure from the territory of the receiving State

The receiving State shall, even in case of armed conflict, grant to members of the consular postand members of the private staff, other than nationals of the receiving State, and to members oftheir families forming part of their households irrespective of nationality, the necessary time andfacilities to enable them to prepare their departure and to leave at the earliest possible momentafter the termination of the functions of the members concerned. In particular, it shall, in case ofneed, place at their disposal the necessary means of transport for themselves and their propertyother than property acquired in the receiving State the export of which is prohibited at the time ofdeparture.

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Article 27Protection of consular premises and archives and of the interests of the sending State inexceptional circumstances

1. In the event of the severance of consular relations between two States:

(a) the receiving State shall, even in case of armed conflict, respect and protect the consularpremises, together with the property of the consular post and the consular archives;

(b) the sending State may entrust the custody of the consular premises, together with the propertycontained therein and the consular archives, to a third State acceptable to the receiving State;

(c) the sending State may entrust the protection of its interests and those of its nationals to a thirdState acceptable to the receiving State.

2. In the event of the temporary or permanent closure of a consular post, the provisions ofsubparagraph (a) of paragraph 1 of this article shall apply. In addition,

(a) if the sending State, although not represented in the receiving State by a diplomatic mission,has another consular post in the territory of that State, that consular post may be entrusted withthe custody of the premises of the consular post which has been closed, together with theproperty contained therein and the consular archives, and, with the consent of the receiving State,with the exercise of consular functions in the district of that consular post; or

(b) if the sending State has no diplomatic mission and no other consular post in the receivingState, the provisions of subparagraphs (b) and (c) of paragraph 1 of this article shall apply.

CHAPTER II.FACILITIES, PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES RELATING TO CONSULAR POSTS,CAREER CONSULAR OFFICERS AND OTHER MEMBERS OF A CONSULAR POSTSECTION I. FACILITIES, PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES RELATING TO ACONSULAR POST

Article 28Facilities for the work of the consular post

The receiving State shall accord full facilities for the performance of the functions of theconsular post.

Article 29Use of national flag and coat-of-arms

1.The sending State shall have the right to the use of its national flag and coat-of-arms in thereceiving State in accordance with the provisions of this article.

2.The national flag of the sending State may be flown and its coat-of-arms displayed on the

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building occupied by the consular post and at the entrance door thereof, on the residence of thehead of the consular post and on his means of transport when used on official business.

3. In the exercise of the right accorded by this article regard shall be had to the laws, regulationsand usages of the receiving State.

Article 30Accommodation

1.The receiving State shall either facilitate the acquisition on its territory, in accordance with itslaws and regulations, by the sending State of premises necessary for its consular post or assist thelatter in obtaining accommodation in some other way.

2. It shall also, where necessary, assist the consular post in obtaining suitable accommodation forits members.

Article 31Inviolability of the consular premises

1.Consular premises shall be inviolable to the extent provided in this article.

2.The authorities of the receiving State shall not enter that part of the consular premises which isused exclusively for the purpose of the work of the consular post except with the consent of thehead of the consular post or of his designee or of the head of the diplomatic mission of thesending State. The consent of the head of the consular post may, however, be assumed in case offire or other disaster requiring prompt protective action.

3.Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of this article, the receiving State is under a specialduty to take all appropriate steps to protect the consular premises against any intrusion ordamage and to prevent any disturbance of the peace of the consular post or impairment of itsdignity.

4.The consular premises, their furnishings, the property of the consular post and its means oftransport shall be immune from any form of requisition for purposes of national defence orpublic utility.

If expropriation is necessary for such purposes, all possible steps shall be taken to avoidimpeding the performance of consular functions, and prompt, adequate and effectivecompensation shall be paid to the sending State.

Article 32Exemption from taxation of consular premises

1.Consular premises and the residence of the career head of consular post of which the sending

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State or any person acting on its behalf is the owner or lessee shall be exempt from all national,regional or municipal dues and taxes whatsoever, other than such as represent payment forspecific services rendered.

2.The exemption from taxation referred to paragraph 1 of this article shall not apply to such duesand taxes if, under the law of the receiving State, they are payable by the person who contractedwith the sending State or with the person acting on its behalf.

Article 33Inviolability of the consular archives and documents

The consular archives and documents shall be inviolable at all times and wherever they may be.

Article 34Freedom of movement

Subject to its laws and regulations concerning zones entry into which is prohibited or regulatedfor reasons of national security, the receiving State shall ensure freedom of movement and travelin its territory to all members of the consular post.

Article 35Freedom of communication

1.The receiving State shall permit and protect freedom of communication on the part of theconsular post for all official purposes. In communicating with the Government, the diplomaticmissions and other consular posts, wherever situated, of the sending State, the consular post mayemploy all appropriate means, including diplomatic or consular couriers, diplomatic or consularbags and messages in code or cipher. However, the consular post may install and use a wirelesstransmitter only with the consent of the receiving State.

2.The official correspondence of the consular post shall be inviolable. Official correspondencemeans all correspondence relating to the consular post and its functions.

3.The consular bag shall be neither opened nor detained. Nevertheless, if the competentauthorities of the receiving State have serious reason to believe that the bag contains somethingother than the correspondence, documents or articles referred to in paragraph 4 of this article,they may request that the bag be opened in their presence by an authorized representative of thesending State. If this request is refused by the authorities of the sending State, the bag shall bereturned to its place of origin.

4.The packages constituting the consular bag shall bear visible external marks of their characterand may contain only official correspondence and documents or articles intended exclusively forofficial use.

5.The consular courier shall be provided with an official document indicating his status and the

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number of packages constituting the consular bag. Except with the consent of the receiving Statehe shall be neither a national of the receiving State, nor, unless he is a national of the sendingState, a permanent resident of the receiving State. In the performance of his functions he shall beprotected by the receiving State. He shall enjoy personal inviolability and shall not be liable toany form of arrest or detention.

6.The sending State, its diplomatic missions and its consular posts may designate consularcouriers ad hoc. In such cases the provisions of paragraph 5 of this article shall also apply exceptthat the immunities therein mentioned shall cease to apply when such a courier has delivered tothe consignee the consular bag in his charge.

7.A consular bag may be entrusted to the captain of a ship or of a commercial aircraft scheduledto land at an authorized port of entry. He shall be provided with an official document indicatingthe number of packages constituting the bag, but he shall not be considered to be a consularcourier. By arrangement with the appropriate local authorities, the consular post may send one ofits members to take possession of the bag directly and freely from the captain of the ship or ofthe aircraft.

Article 36Communication and contact with nationals of the sending State

1.With a view to facilitating the exercise of consular functions relating to nationals of thesending State:

(a) consular officers shall be free to communicate with nationals of the sending State and to haveaccess to them. Nationals of the sending State shall have the same freedom with respect tocommunication with and access to consular officers of the sending State;

(b) if he so requests, the competent authorities of the receiving State shall, without delay, informthe consular post of the sending State if, within its consular district, a national of that State isarrested or committed to prison or to custody pending trial or is detained in any other manner.Any communication addressed to the consular post by the person arrested, in prison, custody ordetention shall be forwarded by the said authorities without delay. The said authorities shallinform the person concerned without delay of his rights under this subparagraph;

(c) consular officers shall have the right to visit a national of the sending State who is in prison,custody or detention, to converse and correspond with him and to arrange for his legalrepresentation. They shall also have the right to visit any national of the sending State who is inprison, custody or detention in their district in pursuance of a judgement. Nevertheless, consularofficers shall refrain from taking action on behalf of a national who is in prison, custody ordetention if he expressly opposes such action.

2.The rights referred to in paragraph 1 of this article shall be exercised in conformity with thelaws and regulations of the receiving State, subject to the proviso, however, that the said lawsand regulations must enable full effect to be given to the purposes for which the rights accordedunder this article are intended.

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Article 37Information in cases of deaths, guardianship or trusteeship, wrecks and air accidents

If the relevant information is available to the competent authorities of the receiving State, suchauthorities shall have the duty:

(a) in the case of the death of a national of the sending State, to inform without delay theconsular post in whose district the death occurred;

(b) to inform the competent consular post without delay of any case where the appointment of aguardian or trustee appears to be in the interests of a minor or other person lacking full capacitywho is a national of the sending State. The giving of this information shall, however, be withoutprejudice to the operation of the laws and regulations of the receiving State concerning suchappointments;

(c) if a vessel, having the nationality of the sending State, is wrecked or runs aground in theterritorial sea or internal waters of the receiving State, or if an aircraft registered in the sendingState suffers an accident on the territory of the receiving State, to inform without delay theconsular post nearest to the scene of the occurrence.

Article 38Communication with the authorities of the receiving State

In the exercise of their functions, consular officers may address:(a) the competent local authorities of their consular district;

(b) the competent central authorities of the receiving State if and to the extent that this is allowedby the laws, regulations and usages of the receiving State or by the relevant internationalagreements.

Article 39Consular fees and charges

1.The consular post may levy in the territory of the receiving State the fees and charges providedby the laws and regulations of the sending State for consular acts.

2.The sums collected in the form of the fees and charges referred to in paragraph 1 of this article,and the receipts for such fees and charges, shall be exempt from all dues and taxes in thereceiving State.

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SECTION II.FACILITIES, PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES RELATING TO CAREERCONSULAR OFFICERS AND OTHER MEMBERS OF A CONSULAR POST

Article 40Protection of consular officers

The receiving State shall treat consular officers with due respect and shall take all appropriatesteps to prevent any attack on their person, freedom or dignity.

Article 41Personal inviolability of consular officers

1.Consular officers shall not be liable to arrest or detention pending trial, except in the case of agrave crime and pursuant to a decision by the competent judicial authority.

2.Except in the case specified in paragraph 1 of this article, consular officers shall not becommitted to prison or be liable to any other form of restriction on their personal freedom savein execution of a judicial decision of final effect.

3. If criminal proceedings are instituted against a consular officer, he must appear before thecompetent authorities. Nevertheless, the proceedings shall be conducted with the respect due tohim by reason of his official position and, except in the case specified in paragraph 1 of thisarticle, in a manner which will hamper the exercise of consular functions as little as possible.When, in the circumstances mentioned in paragraph 1 of this article, it has become necessary todetain a consular officer, the proceedings against him shall be instituted with the minimum ofdelay.

Article 42Notification of arrest, detention or prosecution

In the event of the arrest or detention, pending trial, of a member of the consular staff, or ofcriminal proceedings being instituted against him, the receiving State shall promptly notify thehead of the consular post. Should the latter be himself the object of any such measure, thereceiving State shall notify the sending State through the diplomatic channel.

Article 43Immunity from jurisdiction

1.Consular officers and consular employees shall not be amenable to the jurisdiction of thejudicial or administrative authorities of the receiving State in respect of acts performed in theexercise of consular functions.

2.The provisions of paragraph 1 of this article shall not, however, apply in respect of a civilaction either:

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(a) arising out of a contract concluded by a consular officer or a consular employee in which hedid not contract expressly or impliedly as an agent of the sending State; or

(b) by a third party for damage arising from an accident in the receiving State caused by avehicle, vessel or aircraft.

Article 44Liability to give evidence

1.Members of a consular post may be called upon to attend as witnesses in the course of judicialor administrative proceedings. A consular employee or a member of the service staff shall not,except in the cases mentioned in paragraph 3 of this article, decline to give evidence. If aconsular officer should decline to do so, no coercive measure or penalty may be applied to him.

2.The authority requiring the evidence of a consular officer shall avoid interference with theperformance of his functions. It may, when possible, take such evidence at his residence or at theconsular post or accept a statement from him in writing.

3.Members of a consular post are under no obligation to give evidence concerning mattersconnected with the exercise of their functions or to produce official correspondence anddocuments relating thereto. They are also entitled to decline to give evidence as expert witnesseswith regard to the law of the sending State.

Article 45Waiver of privileges and immunities

1.The sending State may waive, with regard to a member of the consular post, any of theprivileges and immunities provided for in articles 41, 43 and 44.

2.The waiver shall in all cases be express, except as provided in paragraph 3 of this article, andshall be communicated to the receiving State in writing.

3.The initiation of proceedings by a consular officer or a consular employee in a matter where hemight enjoy immunity from jurisdiction under article 43 shall preclude him from invokingimmunity from jurisdiction in respect of any counterclaim directly connected with the principalclaim.

4.The waiver of immunity from jurisdiction for the purposes of civil or administrativeproceedings shall not be deemed to imply the waiver of immunity from the measures ofexecution resulting from the judicial decision; in respect of such measures, a separate waivershall be necessary.

Article 46Exemption from registration of aliens and residence permits

1.Consular officers and consular employees and members of their families forming part of their

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households shall be exempt from all obligations under the laws and regulations of the receivingState in regard to the registration of aliens and residence permits.

2.The provisions of paragraph 1 of this article shall not, however, apply to any consularemployee who is not a permanent employee of the sending State or who carries on any privategainful occupation in the receiving State or to any member of the family of any such employee.

Article 47Exemption from work permits

1.Members of the consular post shall, with respect to services rendered for the sending State, beexempt from any obligations in regard to work permits imposed by the laws and regulations ofthe receiving State concerning the employment of foreign labour.

2.Members of the private staff of consular officers and of consular employees shall, if they donot carry on any other gainful occupation in the receiving State, be exempt from the obligationsreferred to in paragraph 1 of this article.

Article 48Social security exemption

1.Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 of this article, members of the consular post withrespect to services rendered by them for the sending State, and members of their familiesforming part of their households, shall be exempt from social security provisions which may bein force in the receiving State.

2.The exemption provided for in paragraph 1 of this article shall apply also to members of theprivate staff who are in the sole employ of members of the consular post, on condition:

(a) that they are not nationals of or permanently resident in the receiving State; and

(b) that they are covered by the social security provisions which are in force in the sending Stateor a third State.

3.Members of the consular post who employ persons to whom the exemption provided for inparagraph 2 of this article does not apply shall observe the obligations which the social securityprovisions of the receiving State impose upon employers.

4.The exemption provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article shall not preclude voluntaryparticipation in the social security system of the receiving State, provided that such participationis permitted by that State.

Article 49Exemption from taxation

1.Consular officers and consular employees and members of their families forming part of their

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households shall be exempt from all dues and taxes, personal or real, national, regional ormunicipal, except:(a) indirect taxes of a kind which are normally incorporated in the price of goods or services;

(b) dues or taxes on private immovable property situated in the territory of the receiving State,subject to the provisions of article 32;

(c) estate, succession or inheritance duties, and duties on transfers, levied by the receiving State,subject to the provisions of paragraph (b) of article 51;

(d) dues and taxes on private income, including capital gains, having its source in the receivingState and capital taxes relating to investments made in commercial or financial undertakings inthe receiving State;

(e) charges levied for specific services rendered;

(f) registration, court or record fees, mortgage dues and stamp duties, subject to the provisions ofarticle 32.

2.Members of the service staff shall be exempt from dues and taxes on the wages which theyreceive for their services.

3.Members of the consular post who employ persons whose wages or salaries are not exemptfrom income tax in the receiving State shall observe the obligations which the laws andregulations of that State impose upon employers concerning the levying of income tax.

Article 50Exemption from customs duties and inspection

1.The receiving State shall, in accordance with such laws and regulations as it may adopt, permitentry of and grant exemption from all customs duties, taxes, and related charges other thancharges for storage, cartage and similar services, on:

(a) articles for the official use of the consular post;

(b) articles for the personal use of a consular officer or members of his family forming part of hishousehold, including articles intended for his establishment. The articles intended forconsumption shall not exceed the quantities necessary for direct utilization by the personsconcerned.

2.Consular employees shall enjoy the privileges and exemptions specified in paragraph 1 of thisarticle in respect of articles imported at the time of first installation.

3.Personal baggage accompanying consular officers and members of their families forming partof their households shall be exempt from inspection. It may be inspected only if there is seriousreason to believe that it contains articles other than those referred to in subparagraph (b) of

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paragraph 1 of this article, or articles the import or export of which is prohibited by the laws andregulations of the receiving State or which are subject to its quarantine laws and regulations.Such inspection shall be carried out in the presence of the consular officer or member of hisfamily concerned.

Article 51Estate of a member of the consular post or of a member of his family

In the event of the death of a member of the consular post or of a member of his family formingpart of his household, the receiving State:

(a) shall permit the export of the movable property of the deceased, with the exception of anysuch property acquired in the receiving State the export of which was prohibited at the time ofhis death;

(b) shall not levy national, regional or municipal estate, succession or inheritance duties, andduties on transfers, on movable property the presence of which in the receiving State was duesolely to the presence in that State of the deceased as a member of the consular post or as amember of the family of a member of the consular post.

Article 52Exemption from personal services and contributions

The receiving State shall exempt members of the consular post and members of their familiesforming part of their households from all personal services, from all public service of any kindwhatsoever, and from military obligations such as those connected with requisitioning, militarycontributions and billeting.

Article 53Beginning and end of consular privileges and immunities

1.Every member of the consular post shall enjoy the privileges and immunities provided in thepresent Convention from the moment he enters the territory of the receiving State on proceedingto take up his post or, if already in its territory, from the moment when he enters on his dutieswith the consular post.

2.Members of the family of a member of the consular post forming part of his household andmembers of his private staff shall receive the privileges and immunities provided in the presentConvention from the date from which he enjoys privileges and immunities in accordance withparagraph 1 of this article or from the date of their entry into the territory of the receiving Stateor from the date of their becoming a member of such family or private staff, whichever is thelatest.

3.When the functions of a member of the consular post have come to an end, his privileges and

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immunities and those of a member of his family forming part of his household or a member ofhis private staff shall normally cease at the moment when the person concerned leaves thereceiving State or on the expiry of a reasonable period in which to do so, whichever is thesooner, but shall subsist until that time, even in case of armed conflict. In the case of the personsreferred to in paragraph 2 of this article, their privileges and immunities shall come to an endwhen they cease to belong to the household or to be in the service of a member of the consularpost provided, however, that if such persons intend leaving the receiving State within areasonable period thereafter, their privileges and immunities shall subsist until the time of theirdeparture.

4.However, with respect to acts performed by a consular officer or a consular employee in theexercise of his functions, immunity from jurisdiction shall continue to subsist without limitationof time.

5. In the event of the death of a member of the consular post, the members of his family formingpart of his household shall continue to enjoy the privileges and immunities accorded to themuntil they leave the receiving State or until the expiry of a reasonable period enabling them to doso, whichever is the sooner.

Article 54Obligations of third States

1. If a consular officer passes through or is in the territory of a third State, which has granted hima visa if a visa was necessary, while proceeding to take up or return to his post or when returningto the sending State, the third State shall accord to him all immunities provided for by the otherarticles of the present Convention as may be required to ensure his transit or return. The sameshall apply in the case of any member of his family forming part of his household enjoying suchprivileges and immunities who are accompanying the consular officer or travelling separately tojoin him or to return to the sending State.

2. In circumstances similar to those specified in paragraph 1 of this article, third States shall nothinder the transit through their territory of other members of the consular post or of members oftheir families forming part of their households.

3.Third States shall accord to official correspondence and to other official communications intransit, including messages in code or cipher, the same freedom and protection as the receivingState is bound to accord under the present Convention. They shall accord to consular courierswho have been granted a visa, if a visa was necessary, and to consular bags in transit, the sameinviolability and protection as the receiving State is bound to accord under the presentConvention.

4.The obligations of third States under paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this article shall also apply to thepersons mentioned respectively in those paragraphs, and to official communications and toconsular bags, whose presence in the territory of the third State is due to force majeure.

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Article 55Respect for the laws and regulations of the receiving State

1.Without prejudice to their privileges and immunities, it is the duty of all persons enjoying suchprivileges and immunities to respect the laws and regulations of the receiving State. They alsohave a duty not to interfere in the internal affairs of the State.

2.The consular premises shall not be used in any manner incompatible with the exercise ofconsular functions.

3.The provisions of paragraph 2 of this article shall not exclude the possibility of offices of otherinstitutions or agencies being installed in part of the building in which the consular premises aresituated, provided that the premises assigned to them are separate from those used by theconsular post. In that event, the said offices shall not, for the purposes of the present Convention,be considered to form part of the consular premises.

Article 56Insurance against third party risks

Members of the consular post shall comply with any requirements imposed by the laws andregulations of the receiving State, in respect of insurance against third party risks arising fromthe use of any vehicle, vessel or aircraft.

Article 57Special provisions concerning private gainful occupation

1.Career consular officers shall not carry on for personal profit any professional or commercialactivity in the receiving State.

2.Privileges and immunities provided in this chapter shall not be accorded:

(a) to consular employees or to members of the service staff who carry on any private gainfuloccupation in the receiving State;

(b) to members of the family of a person referred to in subparagraph (a) of this paragraph or tomembers of his private staff;

(c) to members of the family of a member of a consular post who themselves carry on anyprivate gainful occupation in the receiving State.

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CHAPTER III.REGIME RELATING TO HONORARY CONSULAR OFFICERS AND CONSULARPOSTS HEADED BY SUCH OFFICERS

Article 58General provisions relating to facilities, privileges and immunities

1.Articles 28, 29, 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39, paragraph 3 of article 54 and paragraphs 2 and 3of article 55 shall apply to consular posts headed by an honorary consular officer. In addition, thefacilities, privileges and immunities of such consular posts shall be governed by articles 59, 60,61 and 62.

2.Articles 42 and 43, paragraph 3 of article 44, articles 45 and 53 and paragraph 1 of article 55shall apply to honorary consular officers. In addition, the facilities, privileges and immunities ofsuch consular officers shall be governed by articles 63, 64, 65, 66 and 67.

3.Privileges and immunities provided in the present Convention shall not be accorded tomembers of the family of an honorary consular officer or of a consular employee employed at aconsular post headed by an honorary consular officer.

4.The exchange of consular bags between two consular posts headed by honorary consularofficers in different States shall not be allowed without the consent of the two receiving Statesconcerned.

Article 59Protection of the consular premises

The receiving State shall take such steps as may be necessary to protect the consular premises ofa consular post headed by an honorary consular officer against any intrusion or damage and toprevent any disturbance of the peace of the consular post or impairment of its dignity.

Article 60Exemption from taxation of consular premises

1.Consular premises of a consular post headed by an honorary consular officer of which thesending State is the owner or lessee shall be exempt from all national, regional or municipal duesand taxes whatsoever, other than such as represent payment for specific services rendered.

2.The exemption from taxation referred to in paragraph l of this article shall not apply to suchdues and taxes if, under the laws and regulations of the receiving State, they are payable by theperson who contracted with the sending State.

Article 61Inviolability of consular archives and documents

The consular archives and documents of a consular post headed by an honorary consular officer

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shall be inviolable at all times and wherever they may be, provided that they are kept separatefrom other papers and documents and, in particular, from the private correspondence of the headof a consular post and of any person working with him, and from the materials, books ordocuments relating to their profession or trade.

Article 62Exemption from customs duties

The receiving State shall, in accordance with such laws and regulations as it may adopt, permitentry of, and grant exemption from all customs duties, taxes, and related charges other thancharges for storage, cartage and similar services on the following articles, provided that they arefor the official use of a consular post headed by an honorary consular officer: coats-of-arms,flags, signboards, seals and stamps, books, official printed matter, office furniture, officeequipment and similar articles supplied by or at the instance of the sending State to the consularpost.

Article 63Criminal proceedings

If criminal proceedings are instituted against an honorary consular officer, he must appear beforethe competent authorities. Nevertheless, the proceedings shall be conducted with the respect dueto him by reason of his official position and, except when he is under arrest or detention, in amanner which will hamper the exercise of consular functions as little as possible. When it hasbecome necessary to detain an honorary consular officer, the proceedings against him shall beinstituted with the minimum of delay.

Article 64Protection of honorary consular officers

The receiving State is under a duty to accord to an honorary consular officer such protection asmay be required by reason of his official position.

Article 65Exemption from registration of aliens and residence permits

Honorary consular officers, with the exception of those who carry on for personal profit anyprofessional or commercial activity in the receiving State, shall be exempt from all obligationsunder the laws and regulations of the receiving State in regard to the registration of aliens andresidence permits.

Article 66Exemption from taxation

An honorary consular officer shall be exempt from all dues and taxes on the remuneration and

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emoluments which he receives from the sending State in respect of the exercise of consularfunctions.

Article 67Exemption from personal services and contributions

The receiving State shall exempt honorary consular officers from all personal services and fromall public services of any kind whatsoever and from military obligations such as those connectedwith requisitioning, military contributions and billeting.

Article 68Optional character of the institution of honorary consular officers

Each State is free to decide whether it will appoint or receive honorary consular officers.

CHAPTER IV.GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 69Consular agents who are not heads of consular posts

1.Each State is free to decide whether it will establish or admit consular agencies conducted byconsular agents not designated as heads of consular post by the sending State.

2.The conditions under which the consular agencies referred to in paragraph 1 of this article maycarry on their activities and the privileges and immunities which may be enjoyed by the consularagents in charge of them shall be determined by agreement between the sending State and thereceiving State.

Article 70Exercise of consular functions by diplomatic missions

1.The provisions of the present Convention apply also, so far as the context permits, to theexercise of consular functions by a diplomatic mission.

2.The names of members of a diplomatic mission assigned to the consular section or otherwisecharged with the exercise of the consular functions of the mission shall be notified to theMinistry for Foreign Affairs of the receiving State or to the authority designated by that Ministry.

3. In the exercise of consular functions a diplomatic mission may address:

(a) the local authorities of the consular district;

(b) the central authorities of the receiving State if this is allowed by the laws, regulations andusages of the receiving State or by relevant international agreements.

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4.The privileges and immunities of the members of a diplomatic mission referred to in paragraph2 of this article shall continue to be governed by the rules of international law concerningdiplomatic relations.

Article 71Nationals or permanent residents of the receiving State

1.Except insofar as additional facilities, privileges and immunities may be granted by thereceiving State, consular officers who are nationals of or permanently resident in the receivingState shall enjoy only immunity from jurisdiction and personal inviolability in respect of officialacts performed in the exercise of their functions, and the privileges provided in paragraph 3 ofarticle 44. So far as these consular officers are concerned, the receiving State shall likewise bebound by the obligation laid down in article 42. If criminal proceedings are instituted againstsuch a consular officer, the proceedings shall, except when he is under arrest or detention, beconducted in a manner which will hamper the exercise of consular functions as little as possible.

2.Other members of the consular post who are nationals of or permanently resident in thereceiving State and members of their families, as well as members of the families of consularofficers referred to in paragraph 1 of this article, shall enjoy facilities, privileges and immunitiesonly insofar as these are granted to them by the receiving State. Those members of the familiesof members of the consular post and those members of the private staff who are themselvesnationals of or permanently resident in the receiving State shall likewise enjoy facilities,privileges and immunities only insofar as these are granted to them by the receiving State. Thereceiving State shall, however, exercise its jurisdiction over those persons in such a way as not tohinder unduly the performance of the functions of the consular post.

Article 72Non-discrimination

1. In the application of the provisions of the present Convention the receiving State shall notdiscriminate as between States.

2.However, discrimination shall not be regarded as taking place:

(a) where the receiving State applies any of the provisions of the present Convention restrictivelybecause of a restrictive application of that provision to its consular posts in the sending State;

(b) where by custom or agreement States extend to each other more favourable treatment than isrequired by the provisions of the present Convention.

Article 73Relationship between the present Convention and other international agreements

1.The provisions of the present Convention shall not affect other international agreements inforce as between States Parties to them.

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2.Nothing in the present Convention shall preclude States from concluding internationalagreements confirming or supplementing or extending or amplifying the provisions thereof.

CHAPTER V.FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 74Signature

The present Convention shall be open for signature by all States Members of the United Nationsor of any of the specialized agencies or Parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice,and by any other State invited by the General Assembly of the United Nations to become a Partyto the Convention, as follows: until 31 October 1963 at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairsof the Republic of Austria and subsequently, until 31 March 1964, at the United NationsHeadquarters in New York.

Article 75Ratification

The present Convention is subject to ratification. The instruments of ratification shall bedeposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Article 76Accession

The present Convention shall remain open for accession by any State belonging to any of thefour categories mentioned in article 74. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with theSecretary- General of the United Nations.

Article 77Entry into force

1.The present Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the date of depositof the twenty-second instrument of ratification or accession with the Secretary-General of theUnited Nations.

2.For each State ratifying or acceding to the Convention after the deposit of the twenty-secondinstrument of ratification or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth dayafter deposit by such State of its instrument of ratification or accession.

Article 78Notifications by the Secretary-General

The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States belonging to any of the fourcategories mentioned in article 74:

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(a) of signatures to the present Convention and of the deposit of instruments of ratification oraccession, in accordance with articles 74, 75 and 76;

(b) of the date on which the present Convention will enter into force, in accordance with article77.

Article 79Authentic texts

The original of the present Convention, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian andSpanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the UnitedNations, who shall send certified copies thereof to all States belonging to any of the fourcategories mentioned in article 74.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized thereto bytheir respective Governments, have signed the present Convention.

DONE at Vienna this twenty-fourth day of April, one thousand nine hundred and sixty-three.

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Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention on Consular Relationsconcerning Acquisition of Nationality, 1963

Done at Vienna on 24 April 1963.

The States Parties to the present Protocol and to the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations ,hereinafter referred to as “the Convention”, adopted by the United Nations Conference held atVienna from 4 March to 22 April 1963,

Expressing their wish to establish rules between them concerning acquisition of nationality bymembers of the consular post and by members of their families forming part of their households,

Have agreed as follows:

Article IFor the purposes of the present Protocol, the expression “members of the consular post” shallhave the meaning assigned to it in subparagraph (g) of paragraph 1 of article 1 of theConvention, namely, “consular officers, consular employees and members of the service staff”.

Article IIMembers of the consular post not being nationals of the receiving State, and members of theirfamilies forming part of their households, shall not, solely by the operation of the law of thereceiving State, acquire the nationality of that State.

Article IIIThe present Protocol shall be open for signature by all States which may become Parties to theConvention, as follows: until 31 October 1963 at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs of theRepublic of Austria and, subsequently, until 31 March 1964, at the United Nations Headquartersin New York.

Article IVThe present Protocol is subject to ratification. The instruments of ratification shall be depositedwith the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Article VThe present Protocol shall remain open for accession by all States which may become Parties tothe Convention. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General ofthe United Nations.

Article VI1. The present Protocol shall enter into force on the same day as the Convention or on thethirtieth day following the date of deposit of the second instrument of ratification of or accessionto the Protocol with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, whichever date is the later.

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2. For each State ratifying or acceding to the present Protocol after its entry into force inaccordance with paragraph 1 of this article, the Protocol shall enter into force on the thirtieth dayafter deposit by such State of its instrument of ratification or accession.

Article VIIThe Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States which may become Parties tothe Convention:

(a) of signatures to the Protocol and of the deposit of instruments of ratification or accession, inaccordance with articles III, IV and V;

(b) of the date on which the present Protocol will enter into force, in accordance with article VI.

Article VIIIThe original of the present Protocol, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanishtexts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations,who shall send certified copies thereof to all States referred to in article III.IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized thereto bytheir respective Governments, have signed the present Protocol.

DONE at Vienna this twenty-fourth day of April, one thousand nine hundred and sixty-three.

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Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention on Consular Relationsconcerning the Compulsory Settlement of Disputes, 1963

Done at Vienna on 24 April 1963.

The States Parties to the present Protocol and to the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations ,hereinafter referred to as “the Convention”, adopted by the United Nations Conference held atVienna from 4 March to 22 April 1963,

Expressing their wish to resort in all matters concerning them in respect of any dispute arisingout of the interpretation or application of the Convention to the compulsory jurisdiction of theInternational Court of Justice, unless some other form of settlement has been agreed upon by theparties within a reasonable period.

Have agreed as follows:

Article IDisputes arising out of the interpretation or application of the Convention shall lie within thecompulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice and may accordingly be broughtbefore the Court by an application made by any party to the dispute being a Party to the presentProtocol.

Article IIThe parties may agree, within a period of two months after one party has notified its opinion tothe other that a dispute exists, to resort not to the International Court of Justice but to an arbitraltribunal. After the expiry of the said period, either party may bring the dispute before the Courtby an application.

Article III1. Within the same period of two months, the parties may agree to adopt a conciliation procedurebefore resorting to the International Court of Justice.

2. The conciliation commission shall make its recommendations within five months after itsappointment. If its recommendations are not accepted by the parties to the dispute within twomonths after they have been delivered, either party may bring the dispute before the Court by anapplication.

Article IVStates Parties to the Convention, to the Optional Protocol concerning Acquisition of Nationality,and to the present Protocol may at any time declare that they will extend the provisions of thepresent Protocol to disputes arising out of the interpretation or application of the OptionalProtocol concerning Acquisition of Nationality. Such declarations shall be notified to theSecretary-General of the United Nations.

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Article VThe present Protocol shall be open for signature by all States which may become Parties to theConvention as follows: until 31 October 1963 at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs of theRepublic of Austria and, subsequently, until 31 March 1964, at the United Nations Headquartersin New York.

Article VIThe present Protocol is subject to ratification. The instruments of ratification shall be depositedwith the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Article VIIThe present Protocol shall remain open for accession by all States which may become Parties tothe Convention. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General ofthe United Nations.

Article VIII1. The present Protocol shall enter into force on the same day as the Convention or on thethirtieth day following the date of deposit of the second instrument of ratification or accession tothe Protocol with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, whichever date is the later.

2. For each State ratifying or acceding to the present Protocol after its entry into force inaccordance with paragraph 1 of this article, the Protocol shall enter into force on the thirtieth dayafter deposit by such State of its instrument of ratification or accession.

Article IXThe Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States which may become Parties tothe Convention:

(a) of signatures to the present Protocol and of the deposit of instruments of ratification oraccession, in accordance with articles V, VI and VII;

(b) of declarations made in accordance with article IV of the present Protocol;

(c) of the date on which the present Protocol will enter into force, in accordance with article VIII.

Article XThe original of the present Protocol, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanishtexts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations,who shall send certified copies thereof to all States referred to in article V.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized thereto bytheir respective Governments, have signed the present Protocol.

DONE at Vienna, this twenty-fourth day of April, one thousand nine hundred and sixty-three.