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Making Use of Infinitives Lesson 24 By Joseph C. Blumenthal

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Page 1: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Making Use of InfinitivesLesson 24

By Joseph C. Blumenthal

Page 2: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer you to the words grow and _____.

Page 3: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer you to the words grow and break.

Page 4: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

An infinitive is the basic form of a verb from which all other forms are derived. The infinitive is usually combined with the preposition to; for example, to walk, to drive, to sleep.

The infinitive from which the verbs flew, flying, and flown are derived is __ __.

Page 5: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

An infinitive is the basic form of a verb from which all other forms are derived. The infinitive is usually combined with the preposition to; for example, to walk, to drive, to sleep.

The infinitive from which the verbs flew, flying, and flown are derived is to fly.

Page 6: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

An infinitive—like a gerund—is often used to name an action. It is often interchangeable with a gerund.

GERUND: Walking is good exercise.INFINITIVE: To walk is good exercise.

Both the gerund and the infinitive are use as nouns. Each is the ______ of the verb is.

Page 7: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

An infinitive—like a gerund—is often used to name an action. It is often interchangeable with a gerund.

GERUND: Walking is good exercise.INFINITIVE: To walk is good exercise.

Both the gerund and the infinitive are use as nouns. Each is the subject of the verb is.

Page 8: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Fill the blank with the infinitive form of traveling:

GERUND: Traveling broadens the mind.

INFINITVE: _______ broadens the mind.

Page 9: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Fill the blank with the infinitive form of traveling:

GERUND: Traveling broadens the mind.

INFINITVE: To travel broadens the mind.

Page 10: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Fill the blank with the infinitive form of traveling:

GERUND: Her favorite sport is swimming.

INFINITVE: Her favorite sport is _______.

Page 11: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Fill the blank with the infinitive form of traveling:

GERUND: Her favorite sport is swimming.

INFINITVE: Her favorite sport is to swim.

Page 12: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Like participles and gerunds, infinitives can take direct object and subject complements, as no ordinary noun can do.

To waste food is sinful.

Because the noun food receives the action of the infinitive to waste, it is its (direct object, subject complement).

Page 13: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Like participles and gerunds, infinitives can take direct object and subject complements, as no ordinary noun can do.

To waste food is sinful.

Because the noun food receives the action of the infinitive to waste, it is its (direct object, subject complement).

Page 14: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

The adjective healthy completes the meaning of the infinitive To be.

To be healthy is a great advantage.

The adjective healthy, therefore, is the (direct object, subject compliment) of the infinitive.

Page 15: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

The adjective healthy completes the meaning of the infinitive To be.

To be healthy is a great advantage.

The adjective healthy, therefore, is the (direct object, subject compliment) of the infinitive.

Page 16: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Since an infinitive is a mixture of both a verb and a noun, it may be modified by an adverb.

Test pilots like to live dangerously.

The adverb dangerously modifies the infinitive _____.

Page 17: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Since an infinitive is a mixture of both a verb and a noun, it may be modified by an adverb.

Test pilots like to live dangerously.

The adverb dangerously modifies the infinitive to live.

Page 18: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

The phrase formed by infinitives with their related words are called infinitive phrases. These phrases can be used in most of the ways that nouns are used.

To teach a dog tricks requires endless patience.

The infinitive phrase is used as the _______ of the verb requires.

Page 19: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

The phrase formed by infinitives with their related words are called infinitive phrases. These phrases can be used in most of the ways that nouns are used.

To teach a dog tricks requires endless patience.

The infinitive phrase is used as the subject of the verb requires.

Page 20: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

The infinitive phrase completes the meaning of the linking verb is and identifies the subject plan.

Shirley Bluewind’s plan is to save money for law school.

The infinitive phrase, therefore, is a (direct object, subject complement).

Page 21: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

The infinitive phrase completes the meaning of the linking verb is and identifies the subject plan.

Shirley Bluewind’s plan is to save money for law school.

The infinitive phrase, therefore, is a (direct object, subject complement).

Page 22: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

A good citizen does not refuse to be a witness.

The infinitive phrase is used as a (direct object, subject complement).

Page 23: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

A good citizen does not refuse to be a witness.

The infinitive phrase is used as a (direct object, subject complement).

Page 24: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

I want a chance to work.I want a chance to rest.I want a chance to play.I want a chance to travel.

In addition to being used as nouns, infinitives are also used as modifiers—both as adjectives and as adverbs.

Each sentence means a different kind of chance because the _______ is different in each sentence.

Page 25: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

In addition to being used as nouns, infinitives are also used as modifiers—both as adjectives and as adverbs.

Each sentence means a different kind of chance because the infinitive is different in each sentence.

I want a chance to work.I want a chance to rest.I want a chance to play.I want a chance to travel.

Page 26: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Each infinitive in the above sentences modifies the noun ________.

I want a chance to work.I want a chance to rest.I want a chance to play.I want a chance to travel.

Page 27: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Each infinitive in the above sentences modifies the noun chance.

I want a chance to work.I want a chance to rest.I want a chance to play.I want a chance to travel.

Page 28: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

I learned a new way to play checkers.

The infinitive phrase to play checkers modifies the noun ____.

Page 29: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

I learned a new way to play checkers.

The infinitive phrase to play checkers modifies the noun way.

Page 30: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

I learned a new way to play checkers.

Because the infinitive phrase modifies the noun way, it is used as an _________.

Page 31: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

I learned a new way to play checkers.

Because the infinitive phrase modifies the noun way, it is used as an adjective.

Page 32: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

I learned a new way to play checkers.

We have seen that the infinitive to play, like an ordinary adjective, modifies the noun way.

The fact that the infinitive to play can at the same time take the direct object checkers shows that an infinitive can also do the job of a _____.

Page 33: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

I learned a new way to play checkers.

We have seen that the infinitive to play, like an ordinary adjective, modifies the noun way.

The fact that the infinitive to play can at the same time take the direct object checkers shows that an infinitive can also do the job of a verb.

Page 34: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

I learned a new way to play checkers.I learned a new way of playing checkers.

One sentence contains a gerund phrase; the other an infinitive phrase.

Which sentence contains an infinitive phrase? (a, b)

Page 35: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

I learned a new way to play checkers.I learned a new way of playing checkers.

One sentence contains a gerund phrase; the other an infinitive phrase.

Which sentence contains an infinitive phrase? (a, b)

Page 36: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Lyle ran to catch the bus.

The infinitive phrase to catch the bus explains why about the verb ____.

Page 37: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Lyle ran to catch the bus.

The infinitive phrase to catch the bus explains why about the verb ran.

Page 38: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Lyle ran to catch the bus.

Because the infinitive phrase modifies the verb ran, it is used as an _______.

Page 39: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Lyle ran to catch the bus.

Because the infinitive phrase modifies the verb ran, it is used as an adverb.

Page 40: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Larry gave a cough. This was to prove that he was sick.

Larry gave a cough to prove that he was sick.

We can sometimes combine two sentences by changing one sentence to an infinitive phrase.

To change the italicized sentence to an infinitive phrase, we drop the words before the ________.

Page 41: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Larry gave a cough. (This was) to prove that he was sick.

Larry gave a cough to prove that he was sick.

We can sometimes combine two sentences by changing one sentence to an infinitive phrase.

To change the italicized sentence to an infinitive phrase, we drop the words before the infinitive.

Page 42: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Wendy touched the flowers. She wanted to see if they were real.

Change the italicized sentence to an infinitive phrase:

SAMPLE

Page 43: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Wendy touched the flowers. She wanted to see if they were real.

Change the italicized sentence to an infinitive phrase:

SAMPLE

Wendy touched the flowers to see if they were real.

Page 44: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

Write the following answers on your own sheet of paper.

Page 45: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

1.Vic’s dad set the clock ahead. This was to prevent Vic from being late.

Change the italicized sentence to an infinitive phrase:

Page 46: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

2. Johnny’s ambition was typical of a child. It was to become a firefighter.

Change the italicized sentence to an infinitive phrase. After changing the italicized sentence to an infinitive phrase, insert it in the sentence next to the noun it modifies.

Page 47: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

3. We changed the italicized sentence to an infinitive phrase by changing the verb showed to the infinitive ___________.

Jerry pounded the table once again. This showed that he was his own boss.

Jerry pounded the table once again to show that he was his own boss.

Page 48: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

4. We boiled our drinking water. This killed all the bacteria.

Change the italicized sentence to an infinitive phrase.

Page 49: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

5. Always keep receipts. They will prove that you have paid your bills.

Change the italicized sentence to an infinitive phrase.

Page 50: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

6. Here we have replace the words Don’t nag with the infinitive ________.

Don’t nag a child to practice. It does no good.

To nag a child to practice does no good.

Page 51: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

7. Don’t start eating before your host. It is bad manners.

Change the italicized sentence to an infinitive phrase.

Page 52: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

a. To change one’s mind is no crime.b. It is no crime to change one’s mind.

A sentence with an infinitive phrase as subject may sound stiff and formal. We can move the phrase to the end of the sentence, putting an introductory It in its place.

8. Which sentence sounds more informal? (a, b)

Page 53: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

9. To beat a dead horse does no good.

Rewrite this sentence, moving the infinitive phrase to the end of the sentence and putting an introductory It in its place.

Page 54: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

10. I have a job, and I must finish it before dinner.

In this and the following frames, eliminate the and by changing the italicized statement to an infinitive phrase:

Page 55: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

11. We sent out cards, and these reminded members of the meeting.

In this and the following frames, eliminate the and by changing the italicized statement to an infinitive phrase:

Page 56: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

12. The city issued a request, and it was to refrain from wasting water.

In this and the following frames, eliminate the and by changing the italicized statement to an infinitive phrase:

Page 57: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

13. We are planning a pageant, and it will dramatize the history of our town.

In this and the following frames, eliminate the and by changing the italicized statement to an infinitive phrase:

Page 58: Infinitives are the forms of verbs most commonly listed in the dictionary. If you should look up the words grew and broken, the dictionary would refer

You are done!!!


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