immunopathological reaction (reaction of hypersensitivity) type i. allergens - definition, division...
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Immunopathological reaction (reaction of hypersensitivity) type I. Allergens - definition, division and nomenclature.
Anaphylaxis - pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, treatment.
Diagnostic procedures used in allergology.
Treatment of allergic diseases. Examples of diseases based on immunopathological reaction of type I.
Mechanism of IgE–mediated reaction
Type I – Allergy
Allergen IgE bound to the surface of the mast cell
Degranulation, mediator release
+
Allergicreaction
IL-4
IL-5
Eosinophil
IgE
B
T
T
Th2
APC
Allergen
T
Th1
IFN- BIgG
IL-12
IL-12
Th1/Th2 response
Immunopathological reaction (reaction of hypersensitivity) type I. Allergens - definition, division and nomenclature.
Anaphylaxis - pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, treatment.
Diagnostic procedures used in allergology.
Treatment of allergic diseases. Examples of diseases based on immunopathological reaction of type I.
Allergens
Inhaled (airborne)
Food
Venoms
Drugs
Inhaledallergens
seasonal
perennial
pollen
molds
mites
animals
birchgrass
mugwort
ragweed
EXAMPLES
Alternaria
Cladosporium
Aspergillus
Dermatophagoidespteronyssinus
Dermatophagoidesfarinae
cat
dog
Foodallergens
EXAMPLES
cow s milk
eggs
vegetables, fruits, nuts
fish, seafood
aditivesAGE
Hymenoptera venom allergens
EXAMPLES
honey bee(bumble bee)
wasp, yellow jacket(hornet)
Drug allergens
EXAMPLES
penicillines, cephalosporines
non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs
iodine contrast media
local anesthetics
peripheral myorelaxants
latex
ethylenoxid
Immunopathological reaction (reaction of hypersensitivity) type I. Allergens - definition, division and nomenclature.
Anaphylaxis - pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, treatment.
Diagnostic procedures used in allergology.
Treatment of allergic diseases. Examples of diseases based on immunopathological reaction of type I.
Anaphylaxis
Grade Skin GI-tract Respiratory tract
Cardiovascular system
I Itching, urticaria, flush, angioedema
- - -
II Itching, urticaria, flush, angioedema
Nausea, cramps
Rhinorrhoea, dyspnea
Tachycardia, arythmia, decrease of blood
pressure
III Itching, urticaria, flush, angioedema
Diarrhoea Laryngeal oedema,
bronchospasm
Cardiovascular shock, faints
IV Itching, urticaria, flush, angioedema
Diarrhoea Respiratory arrest
Cardial arrest
Treatment of anaphylaxis
Adrenaline / Epinephrine:
Intramuscular – in patients with clinical symptoms of shock, oedema of the airways and pronounced dyspnoea
Dosage in adults:
0.5 ml - 1:1000 dilution In case of necessity repeat every 5-10 minutes
Immunopathological reaction (reaction of hypersensitivity) type I. Allergens - definition, division and nomenclature.
Anaphylaxis - pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, treatment.
Diagnostic procedures used in allergology.
Treatment of allergic diseases. Examples of diseases based on immunopathological reaction of type I.
Diagnosis of allergy
History
Clinical examination
Skin tests
Specific IgE in the serum
Provocation and elimination tests
Immunopathological reaction (reaction of hypersensitivity) type I. Allergens - definition, division and nomenclature.
Anaphylaxis - pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, treatment.
Diagnostic procedures used in allergology.
Treatment of allergic diseases. Examples of diseases based on immunopathological reaction of type I.
Treatment of allergic diseases
Alle
rgen
avo
idan
ce
Ph
arm
aco
ther
apy
Sp
ecif
ic
imm
un
oth
erap
y
Alle
rgen
avo
idan
ce • Anti-mites bedding
• Pollen filters
• Stay in mountains during pollen season
• Animal avoidance
Ph
arm
aco
ther
apy • Antihistamines
• Corticosteroids
• Symptomathic treatment
Sp
ecif
ic
imm
un
oth
erap
y • Subcutaneous
• Sublingual
APC
IgE
IL-4
IL-5 Allergicresponse
EosinophilTh2
B-cell
+
+
Tr1
IL-10
TGF-b
--
+
IT
Th1
IgG
IFN-gB-cell
IT -CD4
CD80/86
T cell
Allergen
TCRHLA
CD28
Immunopathological reaction (reaction of hypersensitivity) type I. Allergens - definition, division and nomenclature.
Anaphylaxis - pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, treatment.
Diagnostic procedures used in allergology.
Treatment of allergic diseases. Examples of diseases based on immunopathological reaction of type I.
Atopic diseases
Allergic asthma is chronic inflammatory disease of the airways in which a wide variety of cells (mast cells. Eosinophils, TH2 lymphocytes) and mediators play a role.
Atopic dermatitis
Allergic rhinitis
Allergic asthma
• Allergic rhinitis is affection of the nose (and ocular conjunctiva) caused by IgE-mediated inflammation of nasal mucosa after allergen exposure.
• Atopic dermatitis is inflammatory disease of the skin which is mediated by T cells and stimulated by IgE-dependent reactions.
IgE mediated food allergy Allergy