IEEE 802.15.4
Wireless Coexistence between IEEE
802.11-Based and IEEE 802.15.4



2.400 ~ 2.4835 MHz ISM
(Industrial, Scientific and Medical) IEEE 802.11b/g/n IEEE
802.15.4 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4

Range1Range2 Range3
Range1Range2 CIFS
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE

II
Abstract
Recently, more and more wireless networks have been deployed and start
provide varies services to customers. However, according to physical layer and
protocol of the wireless network, each network has different transfer and application.
Therefore, it may cause unintended interactions between multiple radios using
difference radio access technologies. Thus, heterogeneous wireless network will be the
trend of future network. The heterogeneous wireless network is commonly used in
ISM 2.4 GHz, as the range of 2.400 ~ 2.4835 MHz radio frequency band. In ISM 2.4
GHz band, the frequency is overlap for IEEE 802.11b/g/n and IEEE 802.15.4. This
research is focuses on IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15.4 protocols in the ISM 2.4 GHz
band to be investigated by generating the certain interference. Furthermore, it can
explore to three different interference situations depend on the IEEE 802.15.4
transmission range. The interference circumstances can be divided into three ranges:
Range1,Range2 and Range3. However, this research focuses on Range1 and Range2.
The IEEE 802.15.4 will suffer serious interference problems from IEEE 802.11 if
there is no proper arrangement for the mutual scheduling mechanism. Thus, “CIFS
fairness transmission opportunity” and “dynamic packet length control mechanism”
are proposed in this thesis for IEEE 802.15.4 to solve the co-channel interference from
IEEE 802.11. Results show proposed mechanisms can effectively enhance the IEEE
802.15.4 transmission probability under wireless coexistence environment.
Keywords: IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15.4, Wireless Coexistence
III
1.3 ..................................................................................................... 4
............................................................................................... 7
IV
................................................................................................................... 22
3.2.5 IEEE 802.11 Markov chain ..................................................... 27
3.2.6 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 Markov chain ............... 30
3.3 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 ............................ 32
Range1 ....................................................... 34
4.3 Range1 .......................................................................... 40
4.4.2 ...................................................................... 46
3-1IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA Parameters ................................ 23
4-1Range1 ....................................................................... 35
5-1Range2 ....................................................................... 53
VI

1-1IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11-based 2.4GHz ........... 3
2-1WLAN WPAN ................................................ 8
2-2IEEE 802.11b IEEE 802.15.4 ......................................... 8
2-3IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11b ....................................... 10
2-4IEEE 802.11b IEEE802.15.4 .................................................... 10
2-5IEEE802.15.4 IEEE 802.11b ................................ 11
3-1IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 ............................................. 14
3-2Range1 ................................................................... 15
3-3Range2 ................................................................... 16
3-4Range3 ................................................................... 17
3-5IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA algorithm ............................................................. 20
3-6IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA algorithm ................................................................ 22
3-7IEEE 802.15.4 Markov chain ................................................................ 25
3-8IEEE 802.11 Markov chain ................................................................... 30
3-9 Markov chain ................................................................ 32
4-1Range1 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 .. 35
4-2 ................................................................................ 37
4-3 CIFS IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 ..................... 39
4-4 CIFS .......................................................... 39
4-5IEEE 802.15.4 CIFS ............................................. 40
4-6IEEE 802.15.4 ................................... 41
4-7 CIFS IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 throughput ....... 42
VII
4-8 CIFS IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 ..... 42
4-9 CIFS IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 ......... 44
4-10 CIFS IEEE 802.11 ......................................... 45
4-11 CIFS IEEE 802.11 ......................................... 45
4-12 CIFS IEEE 802.11 ......................................... 45
4-13IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 Throughput ........... 48
4-14IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 End to End Delay . 50
5-1Range2 ....................................................... 53
5-2Range2 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 ... 57
5-3 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 .......................... 58
5-4IEEE 802.15.4 FER ...................................................... 59
5-5IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 ................................ 60
5-6 ................................................................................ 61
5-7 ........ 62
Metropolitan Area Network, IEEE 802.16[2]) (WSN, Wireless Sensor
Network, IEEE 802.15.4[3]) 2G3G(WiMAX, Worldwide
Interoperability for Microwave Access, IEEE 802.11e[4]) (4G, Next
Generation Network, NGN)

2.400 ~ 2.4835 MHz ISM (Industrial,
Scientific and Medical) IEEE 802.11b/g/n IEEE 802.15.4
2.4 GHz IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4

(Inter of Things) [5] 6lowpan[6]

2.4GHzIEEE 802.11-based
IEEE 802.11bIEEE 802.11g/n
IEEE 802.11b/g
868MHz()915MHz()2.4GHz ISM()DSSS
3MHz5MHz2MHz
Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying ) IEEE 802.15.4
DSSS( Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum )IEEE 802.15.4
CCA (Clear Channel Assessment)CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense
Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance)IEEE 802.15.42.4GHz



22 MHz
3 MHz
2412 MHz 2425 MHz 2437 MHz 2450 MHz 2462 MHz 2475 MHz 2480 MHz
IEEE 802.15.4
Channel 1
2412 MHz
Channel 5
2432 MHz
Channel 9
2452 MHz
Channel 11
2462 MHz
Channel 13
2472 MHz
24 83.5MHz
24 83.5MHz
24 83.5MHz
24 83.5MHz
Channel 3
2422 MHz
2400 MHz
2400 MHz
2400 MHz
IEEE 802.11n (OFDM) 40MHz ch. Width 33.75 MHz used by sub-carriers
IEEE 802.11g/n (OFDM) 20 MHz ch. Width 16.25 MHz used by sub-carriers
IEEE 802.11b (DSSS) channel width 22 MHz
2400 MHz
2400 MHz
1-1IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11-based 2.4GHz
4


Frequency 2.4GHz 2.4GHz 2.4GHz 2.4GHz
Non-overlapping Channels 16
Max Bandwidth Per
Transmit power 0 dBm 20 dBm 20 dBm 20 dBm
CCA 128μs N/A N/A N/A
Receiver Sensitivity -85 dBm -87 dBm -72 dBm -69 dBm
Max transmit power 1 mW 1000 mW 1000 mW 1000 mW
Range ~10-75 m ~ 140 m ~140 m ~250 m
1.3
Range1IEEE 802.11IEEE

802.11
6
IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4

7


8
Intra
2-2IEEE 802.11b IEEE 802.15.4 [9]
[9] TDMA
Grid Topology IEEE 802.11b IEEE 802.15.4 2-2
R1IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4R2IEEE 802.15.4
9
802.15.4R3 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11b
IEEE 802.11b IEEE 802.15.4 Intra Grid
Topology BER (Bit Error Rate) FER (Frame Error Rate)

2.1.2
Peizhong Yi [10]
Safe DistanceSafe Offset Frequency
2-3
9*9IEEE 802.15.4IEEE 802.11
A
IEEE 802.11

2.2 MAC
MAC


2.2.1
D. G. Yoon S. Y. Shin [17][18][19][20]
[18] 2-4 IEEE 802.11b
IEEE 802.15.4 guard bands
11
2-5IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11b [18]
2-5 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11b MAC Layer
TZ IEEE 802.15.4 LZ IEEE
802.15.4 tTA IEEE 802.15.4 SIFS TACK IEEE
802.15.4 ACKUZ,backoff IEEE 802.15.4 backoff TW
IEEE 802.11b LW IEEE 802.15.4 tLIFS
IEEE 802.11b DIFS TACK,W IEEE 802.11b ACK
UW,backoff IEEE 802.11b backoffo[18][19]
[19] Bluetooth
[20]
Markov chain
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 throughput
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 throughputLieven Tytgat
[21][9] R1~R3

2.2.2
[22][23][24][25]IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
Wei Yuan [22]
[9] R2
CCA Chieh-Jan Mike
Liang [23] IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 IEEE
802.15.4 MAC
Hamming code Reed-Solomon Code ( RS Code )
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
FEC(Forward Error Correction)
Zhang, Xinyu [24][25]
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE
802.15.4
2.3
[7]~[9]
13

IEEE 802.11n 40MHz IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE
802.11b/g
[22]~[25]

IEEE 802.15.4 2.4GHz

IEEE 802.15.4
14


IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4

Markov chain CSMA/CA
3.1 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
3-1 IEEE 802.11 IEEE
802.15.4 AP(Access Point) IEEE 802.11
Zigbee IEEE 802.15.4
ZigbeeA transmission range
15
Range1IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
Range2IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4

3-2 Range1 Range1 IEEE 802.11 IEEE
802.15.4
Range1
3-3 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
Range2 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
Range2
3-3Range2
3-4 Range3 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE
802.11

Range3
3-4Range3
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
CSMA/CA Markov chain
Markov chain
Beacon-enabled mode Non beacon-enabled mode Beacon-enabled mode
slotted CSMA/CA (Personal Area Network, PAN)
(Coordinator) Beacon
CSMA/CA Non beacon-enabled mode
unslotted CSMA/CA PAN

IEEE 802.15.4
(Backoff Period) CCA
idle medium CCA
busy medium (Backoff)
CCA backoff

NB_15.4BE_15.4 CW ( 0 backoff )
CW size [ 0, 2 MinBE_15.4
-1] backoff time units
CCA
idle medium
CCA busy mediumNB_15.4 BE_15.4 1
backoff stage CW 2 [ 0, 2 4 -1]
BE_15.4 BE_15.4maxCW
2 5 -1 backoffCW [0, 2
5 -1]

20
-1)
3.2.2 IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA
IEEE 802.3 MAC CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple
Access with Collision Detection)

CSMA/CA
21
Backoff
IEEE 802.15.4 CW(Backoff Period)
RTSRequest To Send RTS
CTSClear To Send CTS
RTS CTS

3-6 IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA CSMA/CA
NB_11BE_11 CW ( 0
backoff ) CW size [ 0, 2 MinBE_11
-1] backoff time units
backoff time unit
time unit
backoff
backoff CCA busy mediumNB_11
BE_11 1 backoff stage CW 2
[ 0, 2 4 -1] BE_11 BE_11max
CW 2 10
-1]

-1)
3.2.3 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA
IEEE 802.11
backoff CCA
23
CCA backoff backoff
time unitbackoff
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 IEEE
802.15.4 backoff CCA
IEEE 802.15.4 backoff 3-1 IEEE
802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA
CW CW
3-1IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA Parameters
PHY Slot-Time CWmin CWmax
10 -1
5 -1)
3.2.4 IEEE 802. 15.4 Non-beacon Markov chain
3-7 IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA non-beacon Markov
chain backoff time unit(
state) state {nb_15.4(t), bw_15.4(t)}
NB_15.4(t) backoff nb_15.4(t) ∈ [0, m]m NB_15.4max
24
time unit 1 time unit
{-1, 0}q time unitbw_15.4(t)
backoff bw_15.4(t) ∈ [0, Wi - 1] backoff time unit
0 CCA-1 0 CCA
state CCA α
BER (FER) 3-7 λ FER


-1 , 0
-1 , L
-1 , 1
1/W0
1/W0
1/Wm
1/W1
α
α
1/W1
1/Wm
1
α
q
Markov chain bn,b =P{(nb(t), bw(t)) =
(n, b)}
-11}1{ b , b n, | b n,P ......................................................................................... (1)
1] , 0[ ]1[}11 { -Wb ,m,n ,W / α , -- n | bn,P nn .......................................... (2)
m<n ,/Wα-= n, | b0,P )1(1}-{ 0 .......................................................................... (3)
01}1{ /W - m, | b0,P .................................................................................................. (4)
(1) backoff window state 1(2)
backoff stage (3) backoff
26
backoff window (4)
(5) bn , -1 n stage CCA
]1[1 01 m,n ,bα=b , -
n
1- , 0 )11(
1] [1][1 , 1 , 0 , -W ,b ,m ,nb W
bW b n
1
1 0

27

sensing Ptr
3-8 IEEE 802.11 Markov chain
backoff time unit( state) state
{nb_11(t), bw_11(t)} NB_11(t) backoff nb_11(t) ∈ [0,
m]m NB_11maxbw_11(t) backoff bw_11(t) ∈ [0, Wi - 1]
backoff time unit 0
backoff
state
28
Contention Window, CWmin CW
Maximum Contention Window, CWmax
CW NB_11max
[31] IEEE 802.11Markov chain

IEEE 802.11 Markov chain IEEE 802.11
Markov chain (14)

P 0,0b (17)


















0)(11_ tbw
p p )1( n

(1-p)/W0
(1-p)/W0
p/Wm
p/W1
1/W1
p/Wm
(1-p)/W0
1111
1111
1111
p/Wm
p/Wi
p/Wi
1111
3-8IEEE 802.11 Markov chain
3.2.6 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 Markov chain
3.2.1 3.2.2 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 Markov chain
backoff IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802. 11
0
IEEE 802.15.4
31
IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.11 1
IEEE 802.11 backoff
CW
CIFS (Coexistence Inter-Frame Space)DIFS
IEEE 802.15.4
CIFS
xCIFS
(1-x)/W0
(1-x)/W0
x/Wm
x/W1
x/W1
x/Wm
(1-x)/W0
1111
1111
1111
x/Wm
x/Wi
x/Wi
1111
CIFS
x
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
Range1Range2 Range3Range1IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
Range2IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
33
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 Range3IEEE
802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
Range1 Range2 IEEE 802.15.4

IEEE 802.11 backoff time
unit CCA backoff
time unit IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 backoff
CCA backoff
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
CSMA/CA Markov chain
[28]~[31] IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11

IEEE 802.11 CIFS DIFS IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE
34

CIFS IEEE 802.11 Range1 IEEE 802.15.4
4.1 Range1
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
[32][33] IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
PRISM [34] 4-1 Range1
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 4-1
WI-FI (IEEE 802.11)
Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4)
PRISM IEEE 802.11 1500 byte ( IEEE
802.11) 133 byte IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4
Data Rate(bps) 250k 2M
Retry Limit 3 7
5 -1)
10 -1)
DIFS
50μs
4-1Range1 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 4-2
IEEE 802.15.4 CCA
Slot Time Backoff Backoff

36
ACK time-out Backoff
Backoff ACK

DIFS Backoff 3.2.3 IEEE 802.11 IEEE
802.15.4 Backoff IEEE 802.15.4 backoff
CCA IEEE 802.15.4 backoff
IEEE 802.11 backoff time unit
CCA backoff backoff
time unitbackoff
Backoff IEEE 802.15.4
ACK time-out ACK DIFS

IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4
Range1
37
No
IEEE 802.11 DIFS (50μs) IEEE 802.15.4
38
Slot Time CCA (320μs) 6.4 4-1
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 Slot Time
IEEE 802.15.4 Slot Time IEEE 802.11 16
IEEE 802.11 DIFS
IEEE 802.15.4(CCA) IEEE
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.4

IEEE 802.15.
IEEE 802.11 DIFS CIFS
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE
802.15.4 4-3 IEEE 802.11 CIFS
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 CIFS
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 CIFS
39

Slot
ACK
CCA
S
I
F
S
A
C
K
4-3 CIFS IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11
No
40
IEEE 802.15.4 4-5 IEEE 802.15.4
CIFS IEEE 802.15.4
CIFS IEEE 802.15.4
CIFS IEEE 802.15.4 CIFS
CIFS 1.2 msIEEE 802.15.4 100%

0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CIFS=0.75 ms
4-6

0.00
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
CIFS IEEE 802.11
PRISM (21)
(22) 4-7 CIFS IEEE 802.11 throughput
IEEE 802.15.4 throughput
TimeSlot A 802.11*11
........................................................... (22)
S11 IEEE 802.11 Throughput L11 IEEE 802.11
Packet lengthslot11 IEEE 802.11 (slot)
S15.4 IEEE 802.15.4 ThroughputL15.4 IEEE 802.15.4 Packet
length slot15.4 IEEE 802.15.4 (slot)
42
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4
4-7 CIFS IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 throughput
(23)(24)(Utilization on desire
CIFS IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4 4-8
RateDataIEEE
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
4-8 CIFS IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
43
WiFi (IEEE 802.11)
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
CIFS IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
4.4.1 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
(WiFi)
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4
PRISM Range1 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE
802.11 4-9
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.11 IEEE
802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 100 %
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.114.1 IEEE
802.11 DIFS IEEE 802.15.4
CCA IEEE 802.11
44
Backoff IEEE 802.15.4 Backoff Backoff
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
100 % 4-5
IEEE 802.11
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
IEEE 802.11 transmission probability in one node
IEEE 802.15.4 transmission probability in one node
IEEE 802.11 transmission probability in two node
IEEE 802.15.4 transmission probability in two node
IEEE 802.11 transmission probability in three node
IEEE 802.15.4 transmission probability in three node
4-9 CIFS IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.11
CIFS IEEE 802.11
CIFS IEEE 802.15.4 CIFS
IEEE 802.15.4 CIFS 0IEEE 802.15.4
40 %
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
45
(23)(24) 4-10

CIFS 0 IEEE 802.15.4
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
4-10 CIFS 4-11 CIFS
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
4-12 CIFS IEEE 802.11
46

IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.11 2.4GHz
Range1 BER
Range1 BER IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
throughput End to End Delay
4.3 throughput(21)(22) BER
(25)(26)
ES11 ES15.4 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
throughput L11 L15.4 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 Packet
lengthslot11 slot15.4(slot) slot
slot-time 20μs 320μs PPR (Packet Reception
Rate)(27)(28)
L11 L15.4 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 Packet
length BER 10 -35*10
-410 -410
-510 -6
-3 10 -2 10
-7
(25)(26) 4-13 IEEE 802.11
4-13(a) 4-13(c) 4-13(e) IEEE 802.11 throughput
4-13(b) 4-13(d) 4-13(f) IEEE 802.15.4 throughput
4-13(a)4-13(c)4-13(e)(BER)
IEEE 802.11 throughput 0 10 -4
throughput CIFS IEEE 802.11 throughput
4-13(b) 4-13(d) 4-13(f)
10 -3 throughput CIFS IEEE 802.15.4
throughput IEEE 802.11 IEEE
802.15.4 BER throughput IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4 throughput CIFSIEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0
50
100
150
200
250

0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0
50
100
150
200
250

0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0
50
100
150
200
250

49
End to End Delay(29)(30)
11
......................................................................................................... (30)
D11 D15.4 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 End to End Delay
L11 L15.4 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 Packet lengthES11 ES15.4
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 throughput
4-14 IEEE 802.11
4-14(a) 4-14(c) 4-14(e) IEEE 802.11 End to End Delay 4-14(b)
4-14(d) 4-14(f) IEEE 802.15.4 End to End Delay
4-14(a) 4-14(c) 4-14(e) BER End to End Delay
CIFS CIFS IEEE 802.11 End to End Delay
4-14(b) 4-14(d) 4-14(f) IEEE 802.11
BER End to End Delay CIFS IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4 CIFS End to End Delay
50
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
2
3
4
5
0.000
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.0005
(a)IEEE 802.11End to End Delay (b) IEEE 802.15.4End to End Delay

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.000
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.030
0.035
0
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.0005
(c) IEEE 802.11End to End Delay (d) IEEE 802.15.4End to End Delay

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
6
8
10
0.000
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.030
0.035
0.040
0.045
0.050
0
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.0005
(e) IEEE 802.11End to End Delay (f) IEEE 802.15.4End to End Delay

4-14IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 End to End Delay
51
4-14 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 BER 10 -5
10 -6 BER=0 BER End to End Delay
CIFSIEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 throughput

IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
CIFS IEEE 802.11 DIFS
IEEE 802.15.4 CIFS
IEEE 802.15.4 CIFS IEEE
802.11 throughputCIFS IEEE
throughput
End to End Delay
Range1 EEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
52




Range2 IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.4
Range2 IEEE 802.15.4
Qualnet[35] 5-1
5-1
C D
Transmission Power 17dBm 3dBm
Packet Interval 0.1 s 0.1 s
Data transmission Rate 1Mbps 250Kbps
Simulation Time 10 minute
IEEE 802.15.4 non-beacon 5-1 Node A
Node B IEEE 802.15.4 Node C Node D IEEE 802.11
Node B Node C 0.1 Node A Node D
Range2 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE
802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 backoff IEEE 802.15.4
MAC CSMA/ CA IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4 CW CCA

IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
Range2 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
4-2 Perform sensing IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4 Range2 IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11 Perform sensing IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 IEEE
802.15.4 ACK Time-out IEEE 802.11 Range2 IEEE
802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
55
ACK Time-out IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4 Range 2 IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 IEEE
802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 backoff IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11 IEEE
802.15.4 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
SINR(Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) Range 2
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 (31)
Noise Background 802.11 IEEE from ceInterferen
Signal
B node from Signal SINR sA' Node
..................................... (32)
PHY IEEE 802.15.4 OQPSK (Offset Quadrature Phase-shift
keying)AWGN (additive white Gaussian noise)BER(33)
[36]
56
N bit
Range2IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 IEEE
802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 37.2
37.4 IEEE 802.11 0.1 1528 bytes IEEE
802.15.4 0.1 127 bytes Range 2 IEEE 802.11
n n-1 IEEE 802.15.4 k k-1IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4 37.305056001
37.205056001 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.11 n+1 IEEE 802.15.4 k+1 IEEE 802.11
n +1 IEEE 802.15.4 k +1 k +1
backoff IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
57
37.200742666
37.213395999
s
s
data
n-1
1528
byte
127
byte
37.200640000
37.205056001
K-1
data
n
1528
byte
127
byte
K
d
a
t
a
d
a
t
a
37.305056001
37.300640000
37.313475999
37.300822666
data
5-2Range2 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
5.1 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 Range 2

IEEE 802.11 Range 2
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 5-4
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.4 backoff
IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
(ACK Time-out)
59
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
Range2 IEEE 802.15.4 FER 5-4
76byte 92byte 108byte 127byte
IEEE 802.15.4 PPDU(Physical Protocol Data Unit)
7692108127 byte 0.1 6000
IEEE 802.11 6000 0.1
IEEE 802.11 6000 IEEE 802.15.4
4892 5-4
IEEE 802.15.4
Range2 IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 5-5

5-5 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11 1819(dBm)
100% 14 dBm
0 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 SINR
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11 17 dBm
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11
61
Qualnet 5-6
BER 5-6
(35) BER
BER=2.14*10 -3 BER BER
10 -35*10
-410 -410
BER 0 BER FER

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
62
Range2 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4 CCA

802.15.4 0.1 6000 5-7

BER BER
5-6 BER FER FER
FER
FER

76 byte 92 byte 108 byte 127 byte
0
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Qualnet
IEEE
802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4 5.4
BER FER
BER FER FER

64


IEEE 802.15.4

IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
PHY
MAC
65
Range3
Range2 IEEE 802.15.4
Range3 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11 IEEE
802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
CSMA/CA
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11 Backoff
CCA IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.4 Backoff CCA
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 Markov chain
Range1
Range1 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4
CSMA/CA
802.15.4 IEEE 802.15.4
66
IEEE 802.11 CIFS IEEE 802.15.4
CIFS 1.2ms IEEE 802.15.4 100%
CIFS IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
throughput CIFS 1.4ms
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 50%
CIFS
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11
throughput End to End Delay IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15.4
PRISM CIFS
IEEE 802.15.4
PHY
Range2 Range2
Range 2
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 Range2
IEEE 802.11 IEEE
802.15.4 IEEE802.15.4
67
FER throughput

IEEE 802.15.4 Range2 IEEE 802.11

IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 Range1 Range2

Range1 MAC CIFS
Range2 PHY
Range1 Range2 (Cross-Layer)
Range1 Range2

IEEE 802.11 Range2 IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.4 RSSI Range1
Range2 IEEE 802.15.4 CIFS
68
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4

RREQ CCA
ED RREQ RREQ
(
)

69

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