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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org The strategy of sustainable/ low carbon cities Mark Hidson ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability European Secretariat

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org ICLEI an introduction The leading global network of 12 mega-cities, 100 super-cities and urban region, 450 large cities and 450 small and medium -sized cities and towns Mission is to build and serve a worldwide movement of local governments to achieve tangible improvements in global sustainability with special focus on environmental conditions through cumulative local actions.

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org ICLEI Worldwide

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org A Sustainable City: Strives to reduce its per capita use of natural resources to a level that endangers neither local nor global ecosystems, and at the same time Ensures that political, economic and social systems guarantee a good quality of life for everyone. But what is the benchmark?

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org The road to sustainability runs through the worlds towns and cities. By building sustainable towns and cities, you will build global sustainability, Ban Ki-moon ended, appealing to Mayors to further intensify their work beyond Rio+20. Why cities? Why local action? Perhaps more than anywhere else, cities offer the opportunity to develop adaptation and mitigation win-win initiatives. In the absence of decisive global policies on climate change, cities need to serve as centres of policy ingenuity to drive real action. Yvo de Boer, former Executive Secretary, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org Global player ICLEI 2012 Half of humanity 3.5 billion people currently lives in cities and by 2055 an estimated 75 per cent of the worlds population will live in urban areas. Cities occupy just 2 per cent of the Earths land, but account for over 70 per cent of both energy consumption and carbon emissions. 30 cities generate 16% of global GDP 85% of GDP in OECD-countries generated in urban areas The European Commission estimates that 2 trillion Euro is spent each year by EU public authorities, which represents approximately 19.4% of EU GDP

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org Cities Global Consumers Cities consume 67% of energy and emit 70% of GHG globally. GHG emissions will double for many countries by 2030

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org Cities face numerous challenges Rapid urbanisation / shrinking cities Demographic change, food security, sustainable agriculture, secure, clean and efficient energy; sustainable integrated transport, climate action, resource efficiency, inclusive secure societies Changing citizens demands and preferences (e.g. increased resource consumption) ICLEI 2012

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org Cities face numerous challenges Poverty / quality of Life Poor and/or ageing infrastructure Difficulties in coordination (different legislative frameworks, responsibility & power) Insufficient/unavailable knowledge ICLEI 2012

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org Legal and policy framework (overwhelming, difficult to coordinate) Governance (political, departmental) Risks (legal, fear of failure) Capacity (skills, senior management commitment) Budgetary constraints / financing options (costs, budgetary separation) Market constraints (lack of alternatives) Awareness & communication (internal and external) What is holding cities back from delivering transformation?

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org cities are also part of the solution ICLEI 2012

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org What makes a City 31 municipalities 277 trucking companies 18 utilities 125 Mineral oil vendors 165 Furniture stores 18 Internet Providers 67 Housing companies 3 million private households 34 Bus/train operators178 construction companies 4 million car owners 383 Engineering firms 1 Provincial government 8 power plants

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org What can local governments do? Action instruments of local governments: Legal: Laws, by-laws, permissions Planning: Frameworks Financial: Taxes/levies, subsidies Market: Procurement Direct: Operating infrastructure and services Persuasive: Information, model Lead

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org CityCentral Government Industry Big local fleet ownerX Fuel producerXX Fuel infrastructureXX Tax incentivesXX Local incentivesX Transport buyerX Independent information XX Source: Jonas Erikson, 2012 Cities are key players

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org The strategy...

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org Cyclical Sustainability

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org Strong leadership / council in leadership role / a strong team Strategy / vision Incremental approach Creativity substitutes for financial resources Risk management Effective alliances (internally and externally) Obtaining community understanding and support Establishing mechanisms to measure progress Regular and honest progress reviews The key characteristics of a successful transforming city?

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org Demonstration projects / recognition Costs and benefits analysis Raising awareness & training at management and technical level Dialogue with suppliers and manufacturers Push the market for innovative products and services Collection and exchange of good practice examples, experience exchange More intelligent use of open data Key activities of a successful transforming city?

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org Rain water sinks Use of Solar Energy Energy efficient construction Economic use of space and land Shadow islands Cool air generation Ventilation District heating & cooling Public transport Source: City of Freiburg Infrastructure determines the future

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org Investments determines the future Source: Global Footprint Network, Wackernagel, Peak Everything (2009)

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org Stockholm: has the highest percentage of clean vehicles in Europe (140,000 vehicles, 16%). There has been a LEZ for heavy goods vehicles since 1996. The city introduced a congestion charge in 2006. By 2014: 100% clean municipal fleet, 85% clean fuel in the tanks and 16% renewables Does it work?

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org Vancouver, has a goal of becoming the the greenest city in the world by 2020.the greenest city in the world by 2020 Aim to decrease emissions by 33% and improve the energy efficiency of existing structures by 20%, have strict building codes - all new developments must be carbon neutral. They use hydroelectric powermaking up 90 percent of its supplyas well as using wind, solar, and wave power. Vancouver has one of the lowest per capita carbon emissions of any major city due to an integrated transport system, bike lanes and car sharing programs.lowest per capita carbon emissions of any major city Does it work?

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org Curitiba, Brazil, integrated of land use and mobility. 75% of Curitiba residents use public transport. 1,100 buses make 15,000 trips daily, exclusive bus lane, bus drivers control the traffic lights, different sized buses. Saved 7 million gallons of fuel per year. 90% of residents recycle 2/3 of their waste daily. Initiated a garbage exchange program. Curitiba has over 1,000 parks and natural areas Does it work?

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org Understanding the political landscape into which one wants to introduce new concepts and approaches is more important than being an expert in those concepts Source: unknown Key challenges to accelerate the pace of change We are quickly becoming the generation that has evidence that there are big societal challenges, has the technology to address them but does not act...

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ICLEI 2013 www.iclei-europe.org Thank you www.iclei.org mark.hidson@iclei.org