http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cgopFxeu7ohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cgopFxeu7o

SignificanceSignificance

Lyrics…Lyrics…

The mention of God, makes me strange,The mention of God, makes me strange, The battle of words, and the wars we wage,The battle of words, and the wars we wage, And the castles of time, we build up straight,And the castles of time, we build up straight, Just to run out of room, and we build sideways.Just to run out of room, and we build sideways. Sometimes I feel, my blood runs coldSometimes I feel, my blood runs cold And the conscious stain, won’t wash away,And the conscious stain, won’t wash away, Tell me what are we waiting for and the acid rain,Tell me what are we waiting for and the acid rain, Right through my veins, tell me what are we waiting for.Right through my veins, tell me what are we waiting for. And I’m catching a bird, and it makes me feel,And I’m catching a bird, and it makes me feel, Like I’m talking to her, through the atmosphere,Like I’m talking to her, through the atmosphere, And I know that I’m right, but can’t let go,And I know that I’m right, but can’t let go, The beauty in flight, and the The beauty in flight, and the world we knowworld we know..

Sometimes I feel, my blood runs cold.Sometimes I feel, my blood runs cold. And the conscious stain, won’t wash away,And the conscious stain, won’t wash away, Tell me what are we waiting for.Tell me what are we waiting for. And the acid rain, right through my veins,And the acid rain, right through my veins, Tell me what are we waiting for.Tell me what are we waiting for. We’re so far gone,We’re so far gone, But we can’t let go.But we can’t let go. We’re so far gone,We’re so far gone, That my blood runs cold.That my blood runs cold. The conscious stain,The conscious stain, Won’t wash away,Won’t wash away, Tell me what are we waiting for.Tell me what are we waiting for. The acid rain,The acid rain, Right through my veins,Right through my veins, Tell me what are we waiting for.Tell me what are we waiting for. The hurricanes and tidal waves,The hurricanes and tidal waves, Tell me what are we waiting for.Tell me what are we waiting for. The conscious stain,The conscious stain, Won’t wash away,Won’t wash away, Tell me what are we waiting forTell me what are we waiting for

Adults and children estimated Adults and children estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS as of to be living with HIV/AIDS as of

end 2002end 2002

Total: 42 million

Western Europe

570 000570 000North Africa & Middle East

550 000550 000Sub-Saharan

Africa

29.4 29.4 millionmillion

Eastern Europe & Central Asia

1.2 million1.2 million

South & South-East Asia

6 million6 million

Australia & New Zealand

15 00015 000

North America

980 000980 000Caribbean

440 000440 000

Latin America

1.5 1.5 millionmillion

East Asia & Pacific

1.2 million1.2 million

MalariaMalaria90% of Malaria cases are in Africa, 90% of Malaria cases are in Africa, 2.7 million people die of malaria 2.7 million people die of malaria each year in Africa.each year in Africa.

Population of Africa - 933,448,292 Population of Africa - 933,448,292 peoplepeople

Interconnectedness…Interconnectedness…

Pest Control Chain ReactionPest Control Chain ReactionTo treat a malaria outbreak in Borneo in the 1950s, the World To treat a malaria outbreak in Borneo in the 1950s, the World Health Organization (WHO) sprayed DDT to kill mosquitoes. Health Organization (WHO) sprayed DDT to kill mosquitoes. But the DDT also killed parasitic wasps which were controlling But the DDT also killed parasitic wasps which were controlling thatch-eating caterpillars. As a result, the thatched roofs of thatch-eating caterpillars. As a result, the thatched roofs of many homes fell down, and the DDT-poisoned insects were many homes fell down, and the DDT-poisoned insects were eaten by geckoes, which were in turn eaten by cats. The cats eaten by geckoes, which were in turn eaten by cats. The cats perished, which led to the multiplication of rats, and then perished, which led to the multiplication of rats, and then outbreaks of sylvatic plague and typhus.outbreaks of sylvatic plague and typhus.To put an end to this destructive chain of events, WHO had to To put an end to this destructive chain of events, WHO had to parachute 145,000 live cats into the area to control the rats.parachute 145,000 live cats into the area to control the rats.

THE SILENCE OF THE SILENCE OF THE FROGSTHE FROGS

Chapter 1.1Chapter 1.1

Amphibians have been around for more than Amphibians have been around for more than

400 million years.400 million years. Frogs and their relatives have adapted to the Frogs and their relatives have adapted to the

ice age and global warming.ice age and global warming. They can be found in most ecosystems that They can be found in most ecosystems that

include water.include water.

ECOSYSTEMECOSYSTEM – is a term used to describe the – is a term used to describe the relationships among the many species living in relationships among the many species living in an environment and the relationship among an environment and the relationship among those organisms and the non-living those organisms and the non-living components of the environment.components of the environment.

Examples: Examples: Wetlands, marshes, deserts, lakes, Wetlands, marshes, deserts, lakes, oceans, forests.oceans, forests.

Why are Scientists Why are Scientists ConcernedConcerned

Many believe that the health of Many believe that the health of amphibians indicates the health of the amphibians indicates the health of the ecosystem they live in.ecosystem they live in.

Amphi ( “on both sides”)Amphi ( “on both sides”) Bios ( “life” )Bios ( “life” ) Meaning that Frogs have two lifes – Meaning that Frogs have two lifes –

water and landwater and land

Frogs occupy two different ecosystemsFrogs occupy two different ecosystems Tadpoles – water ecosystemTadpoles – water ecosystem Adult Frogs – Land and ForestAdult Frogs – Land and Forest Since they are in two ecosystems, they are Since they are in two ecosystems, they are

also in two also in two FOOD CHAINS.FOOD CHAINS.

FOOD CHAINFOOD CHAIN – Is a step-by-step sequence – Is a step-by-step sequence linking organisms that feed on each other, linking organisms that feed on each other, starting with a food source such as a plants starting with a food source such as a plants (producers), and continuing with animals and (producers), and continuing with animals and other living things that feed on plants and on other living things that feed on plants and on each other (consumers)each other (consumers)

All food Chains start with All food Chains start with SunSun as it’s source as it’s source

of energy!of energy!

PRODUCERPRODUCER – an organism that can make – an organism that can make their own food to give themselves energy.their own food to give themselves energy.

EXAMPLEEXAMPLE: Plants, algae: Plants, algae

CONSUMERSCONSUMERS: an organism that must get its : an organism that must get its energy by eating another organism ( cannot energy by eating another organism ( cannot make their own food )make their own food )

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE: animals animals

FROGS IN THEIR FROGS IN THEIR ECOSYSTEMSECOSYSTEMS

What do adult frogs eat?What do adult frogs eat? Insects ( mostly )Insects ( mostly ) Small fish ( limited )Small fish ( limited )

What animals eat frogs?What animals eat frogs? Large fishLarge fish Predatory birds Predatory birds ReptilesReptiles Small mammalsSmall mammals

The adult frog is part of a food chain that The adult frog is part of a food chain that

includes PRODUCERS, includes PRODUCERS, HERBIVORES , HERBIVORES , CARNIVORES , OMNIVORES.CARNIVORES , OMNIVORES.

HERBIVOREHERBIVORE – Organism that eat only – Organism that eat only plants plants

EXAMPLEEXAMPLE : Deer, Cow : Deer, Cow CARNIVORECARNIVORE – Organism that eats only – Organism that eats only

animalsanimals EXAMPLEEXAMPLE : Hawk, Tiger : Hawk, Tiger

OMNIVOREOMNIVORE : Organism that eats both : Organism that eats both

plants and animals.plants and animals. EXAMPLEEXAMPLE: Bears, Humans: Bears, Humans

What do tadpoles eat?What do tadpoles eat? Algae ( small plant-like organisms)Algae ( small plant-like organisms) Both living and deadBoth living and dead

The Tadpole is a herbivore, where the The Tadpole is a herbivore, where the

adult frog is a carnivore. Therefore the adult frog is a carnivore. Therefore the Tadpole is in a different food chain.Tadpole is in a different food chain.

The Tadpole has two food sources:The Tadpole has two food sources: 1. producers ( algae )1. producers ( algae ) 2. Detritus 2. Detritus

DETRITUSDETRITUS – Waste from plants and – Waste from plants and animals, including their dead remainsanimals, including their dead remains

Detritus food chains are critical in the Detritus food chains are critical in the

recycling of matter in ecosystems.recycling of matter in ecosystems. Decomposers are in a Detritus food chain Decomposers are in a Detritus food chain

which helps release nutrients to the soil which helps release nutrients to the soil and water. Plants and algae use those and water. Plants and algae use those nutrients to grow.nutrients to grow.

DECOMPOSERSDECOMPOSERS – An organism that – An organism that gets its energy by consuming and gets its energy by consuming and breaking down detritus.breaking down detritus.

EXAMPLES:EXAMPLES: Bacteria, fungus Bacteria, fungus

THE SILENCE OF THE FROGS THE SILENCE OF THE FROGS (pg. 10-13 wksheet)(pg. 10-13 wksheet)

Questions Questions 1-111-11Food chainFood chain

HandoutHandout

Food Food ChainsChains

WHY ARE FROGS DISAPPEARING?

The Last Frog Video

After viewing the video, respond to the following:

1. List 3 reasons cited in the video that helps explain the disappearance of the frogs.

2. What are some things that WE can do as a society to help prevent further declination of the frog species?

What are the four major factors given in the text for frog decline?

1. LOSS OF HABITAT

This is mentioned as the main cause We are destroying the water with pollution We are cutting down forests We are building highways and cities

between the two ecosystems.

2. AIR AND WATER QUALITY

Frogs have thin skin and no protection from the sun.

Frogs breathe through their skin and by lungs.

Acid rain therefore can go through their skin

This affects their ability to reproduce

3. ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

The thin skin is also susceptible to UV radiation.

Frogs have adapted by developing a black skin and laying black eggs.

Scientists don’t believe that frogs will adapt as fast as global warming.

Why not that, beat the ice age!!!

4. CLIMATE CHANGES

Human activities are causing changes in the climate.

Increase use of fossil fuels ( coal, oil, gas). Climate changes affect the local

ecosystems.

PLEASE ANSWER QUESTIONS PAGE 13 - #2,3

Page 11 will help you with answers.