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+ HOW TO READ A MAP . LIKE A PRO

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+ 1. IDENTIFY THE BASICS

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+ Grid The pattern of lines that circle the globe in East-West and North-South directions

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+ Degrees Measures the distances on the grid from the Equator (the x- axis) or the distance of meridians from the Prime Meridian (the y- axis)

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+ Latitude Imaginary East- West horizontal lines in the grid measuring the distance north and south of the equator

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+ Parallels lines of latitude; always parallel to the equator

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+ Equator Imaginary line that circles the globe halfway between the North and South Poles

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+ Longitude Imaginary North-South, Vertical lines that pass through the poles. They measure distance east and west of the prime meridian

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+ Meridians Lines of longitude that measure East to West of the Prime Meridian

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+ Prime meridian Imaginary line that represents 0 longitude

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+ Hemispheres: The equator divides the globe into two halves, Northern and Southern Hemispheres the prime meridian divides the globe into two halves, eastern and western hemispheres

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+ Continents (7) & Major bodies of water Find the continents- Australia Africa Asia Europe North America South America Antarctica Bodies of Water Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean

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+ Compass Rose A compass that has arrows that point to all four principal directions Find your directions and you can orient yourself on the map

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+ Legend (KEY) explains what the symbols on the map represent

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+ Test your knowledge! Map Activity (See if you can identify the basics)

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+ 2. IDENTIFY WHERE THE MAP LIES

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+ SCALE, SIZE & SHAPE Maps are a 2-dimensional graphical representation of the surface of a 3- dimensional, spherical earth in other words Maps try to make our earth (which is a sphere) look like a flat rectangle.

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+ Scale The Distance between continents and latitude/longitude lines.

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+ Size The actual area or square miles of a continent or place.

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+ Shape The outline or format of what a country, continent, city, etc. looks like.

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+ MAP PROJECTIONS 3 ways to map the Earth 1.Planar 2.Conic 3.Cylindrical

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+ Planar Projection Project the Earth onto a plane that touchesthe globe at a single point, and you get a planar projection. Because this projection, Also known as an azimuthal projection, is most accurate at its center, it is often used for maps focusing on one of the Poles.

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+ Conic Put a cone on the globe to make a conic projection. Cut open the cone, and the basis of a map emerges. The map will be least distorted along the line where the cone touches the sphere.

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+ Cylindrical Projection Wrap the globe in a paper to form a cylinder. Cut the cylinder and flatten it into a map. This projection is most accurate near the Equator and greatly distorted near the Poles (Greenland/Africa problems)

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+ Advantages/Disadvantages

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+ Mercator

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+ Peters Projection

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+ Robinson

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+ Bottom Line All map projections have benefits and drawbacks, you will need to recognize these problems to determine the real perspective of the earth.

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+ 3. IDENTIFY THE MAPS PURPOSE

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+ Types of Maps Maps have a purpose. They can be Political Physical Thematic Maps can have more than one purpose

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1. Political Maps Show boundaries between countries, states, and cities.

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2. Physical Maps Show natural features like elevation or mountains and rivers Types of Physical maps : Topographic Raised Relief/Elevation

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3. Thematic Maps Show a single focus such as roads, natural resources, or precipitation Types: Choropleth (color shades) Pictograph

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+ 4. IDENTIFY WHAT ELSE the MAP IS SAYING

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+ What is the map NOT telling you? Make inferences on what the purpose of the map could also tell you. Maps sometimes over-simplify major ideas (so theyre easier to read), so they cut out other information.

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