Bellringer

Have out your homework! On a piece of paper, titled “Bellringer

10/25/11”, please answer the following questions: What is an absolute monarch and how did they

claim their power? Who is an example of an absolute monarch? Why

does he fit this definition? Objective: SWBAT describe the revolutions in

thoughts from the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment.

BJOTD: What is brown and sticky?

The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment

Background

What did the Renaissance do? The Renaissance sparked interest and

curiosity about many things, allowing people to start to think for themselves

What did the Reformation question? The Reformation led people to question

and challenge the original views of God, the church, and salvation

At the same time as the Reformation… Individuals began to challenge the way

people viewed their place in the Universe. This became known as the Scientific Revolution.

The Scientific Revolution (1500-1700CE)

The Scientific Revolution was a new way of thinking about the natural world.

Based on: careful observation of nature a willingness to question widely

accepted beliefs reason and logic

Result: the expansion of scientific knowledge

How did they Develop these Ideas?

Scientific Method Created by

Aristotle A logical

procedure for gathering and testing ideas

The Enlightenment (1700s-1800s)

What was the Enlightenment? An intellectual movement where

enlightenment thinkers tried to apply reason and scientific methods to the HUMAN world as well as to the rest of the natural world

People wanted to build a society around the ideas of the Scientific Revolution

How did these movements spread?

Salons—wealthy women and men would gather to discuss ideas

Encyclopedias published many Enlightenment ideas

Pamphlets and newspapers helped to spread the word about new ideas

Bellringer

You have 12 minutes to: Finish your license plate Tape/staple the extra part of the chart to your “People

of the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment” Chart Rearrange the room into two circles: an inner and an

outer circle. Objective: SWBAT distinguish individuals from

the SR and Enlightenment based on their accomplishments and analyze their importance to society today.

BJOTD: How do we know that policemen are strong?

Isaac Newton (1642-1680s) By 24, Newton was certain all physical

objects on Earth and in space were equally affected by the same forces

His big idea: linking motion in the heaven with motion on earth Called the Law of Universal Gravitation

Every object in the Universe attracts every other object. The amount of attraction depends on the mass of the object and the distance between them.

Nicolaus Copernicus—1500s

Did not agree with the geocentric model of the universe

First to study the idea that the sun was at the center of the universe

After 25 years, Copernicus proved that the sun was in the center of the stars and other planets

Called the heliocentric theory—sun-centered

Johannes Kepler—1600s

Kepler expanded on Copernicus’ ideas—he wanted to know why and how the planets orbit the way they do

Proved that the planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits instead of perfect circles

Galileo Galilei—1600s

1609—he used a telescope to study the heavens

1610—wrote Starry Messenger, which described his observations Confirmed

Copernicus’ theory of a heliocentric universe

Galileo Tidbits

Galileo's ideas went against the church, so he was “encouraged” not to publish his book

Taken to court by the Church and put to torture Under torture, he lied and

claimed that Copernicus’ ideas were wrong

Jailed until his death, but his ideas still spread.

William Harvey—1600s

Wrote On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals

Showed the heart acts as a pump to circulate the blood throughout the body

Described the function of blood vessels

Other Important Inventions

Microscope Edward Jenner invented a vaccine for

Smallpox First Fahrenheit Thermometer

Thomas Hobbes

Wrote Leviathan English philosopher Believed all humans are naturally

wicked Absolute monarchy is the best form

of government Governments are created to protect

people from their own selfishness

John Locke

Wrote Two Treatises on Government English philosopher People have the ability to reason and to

make good decisions if given the proper information

Governments should be formed with the approval of the people

Governments should exist to protect individual freedoms and liberties

People, not god, should choose leaders.

Montesquieu

Wrote The Spirit of Laws French political thinker A monarchy with limited power makes a

country stable and secure Developed the idea of “separation of

powers” Government should be divided or spread out

among different branches of government so no one individual or group has too much power and as a result threatens liberty.

Voltaire

French writer Believed in:

Tolerance Reason Freedom of religion Freedom of speech

Supported the idea of separation of church and state

Rousseau

Wrote The Social Contract Swiss philosopher Direct Democracy—where people vote

in person to make all laws—was the way to protect individual freedom

Government should be a contract between rulers and the people

Thomas Jefferson

Author of Declaration of Independence

All men should be guaranteed life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

Cesare Beccaria

Wrote On Crimes and Punishments Felt that many parts of the justice

system were unfair: Torture Secret trials Harsh sentences Corrupt judges

His book called for punishments designed to preserve security and order

Mary Wollstonecraft

Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women

Women should have an education because it’s the key to gaining equality

After you’ve found all the license plates…

In a paragraph on a separate piece of paper, please complete the following statement in a paragraph (5 sentences): I feel that__________________ from the

(SR/Enlightenment) has been the most influential in our world because….

Results of the Enlightenment

Stimulated religious tolerance Helped to start democratic

revolutions around the world Rise of individualism—thinking for

yourself Rise of a more secular or worldly

outlook