© hagit messer-yaron, 2013 prof. hagit messer-yaron president, oui [email protected] budapest,...
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© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
Prof. Hagit Messer-Yaron
President, OUI
Budapest, April 15, 2013
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
Universities at the 21Universities at the 21stst century century“Intellectual and “Intellectual and EconomicEconomic Engines” Engines”
––Calls for Academia-Industry Calls for Academia-Industry
Partnership Partnership
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
University vs. Industry- University vs. Industry- Contrasting Cultures:Contrasting Cultures:
University Social responsibilities Basic, curiosity driven
research Create new knowledge Freedom of research Publications & collaborations Sharing of material Open, global community and
sharing of research results
Corporate Shareholders responsibilities Applied research Develop new products Specific objectives, product
focused Ownership and secrecy Control of material Aiming to global market
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
The Death ValleyThe Death Valley
Academia
Science
"Valley Death"
Products
Industry
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
Bridging over the “Death Valley” – Bridging over the “Death Valley” – HOW?HOW?
Modern relations between universities and industries:New venture formation/Spin-offsR&D agreementsLicensing deals
Traditional:Teaching and students
practiceIndividual entrepreneurship
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
Industry, university, governmentIndustry, university, government
industry
universityknowledge
knowledge
money
money
Researchers (people!),Faculties,
Administration,etc.
EntrepreneursVCs
ProductionsMarketing
ManagementStocks holders
etc.
Technology/knowledgeTransfer
Government
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
The Role of GovernmentsThe Role of Governments1. Financial support for academic, basic
research. Public support is essential for academic freedom.
2. Intervention programs for “bridging the gap”.
3. Legal infrastructure: intellectual property rights (IPR) laws, Taxations, innovation law, etc.
IPR
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
Lessons from IL experience –How to maintain top level ScienceSciencetogether with
successful High-Tech Industry?
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
R&D statistics (1)R&D statistics (1)The expenditure on civilian research and development (R&D) in
Israel over almost 20 years, 1992-2011:
Source: ISRAEL CBS
1. National Expenditure on Civilian R&D, at 2005 Prices1995-2011
02468
10121416182022242628303234
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
*201
0
*201
1
N
IS B
illion
*Provisional Data
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
R&D statistics (2)R&D statistics (2)The expenditure on civilian research and development (R&D) as a
percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP) - 2009:
Source: ISRAEL CBS
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
R&D statistics (3)R&D statistics (3)The expenditure on civilian research and development (R&D)
per capita - 2009:
Source: ISRAEL CBS
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
Israel: Recent Nobel LaureatesDan Shechtman ,Chemistry, 2011 -
TechnionAda E. Yonath, Chemistry, 2009 -
Wiezmann Inst.Robert Aumann, Economics, 2005 - HUJIAaron Ciechanover, Chemistry, 2004 -
TechnionAvram Hershko, Chemistry, 2004 -
TechnionDaniel Kahneman, Economics, 2002 -
HUJI
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
Higher Education in Israel -Higher Education in Israel -Expanding systemExpanding system
1989/90: 21 HEI (8 universities + 13 colleagues), 88,800 students.
2010/11: 67 HEI, (8 universities + 36 academic colleagues, 23 pedagogical colleagues) 297,800 students.
All HEIs are independent legal entities; All but NBC are heavily supported by the government.
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
The 7+1 universities:The 7+1 universities:
•The TechnionThe Technion•The Hebrew University in JerusalemThe Hebrew University in Jerusalem•Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv University•Bar Ilan UniversityBar Ilan University•Ben Gurion University in the NegevBen Gurion University in the Negev•Haifa UniversityHaifa University•The Weizmann InstituteThe Weizmann Institute
•The Open UniversityThe Open University
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
University vs. ColleagueUniversity vs. Colleague
Teaching:
Undergrad
Teaching & research:
Faculty,
Graduate students
Research:
Grants,
TT ,
Facilities,
Inst.
PRO HEI
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
All Israeli research universities are All Israeli research universities are in the top 500 of the Shanghai listin the top 500 of the Shanghai list
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
In Israel:In Israel:Government’s involvement mainly by intervention
programs.Each university decides on its own policy and
regulations independently. However, they share common principles.
Each university has its own TTC.TTCs are for-profit companies, own by the universities.TTCs are handling universities IP and are responsible
for commercialization, following the university’s policy.
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
IP legislation (and more) in IsraelIP legislation (and more) in IsraelThe patent law (1967) defines “service invention” as one which
has been invented by an employee as a result of his/her service to the employer.
The law doesn’t cover many aspects of academic life, as: students, visitors, sabbaticals, retired stuff, etc.
Thus, universities had to regulate it internally.No legislation w.r.to industrial R&D projects done in
universities. It is up to the parties to agree on the conditions.In general, government doesn’t claim ownership of publicly
sponsored research.
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
The rules – main common principles:The rules – main common principles: Researchers must disclose to the university any research of
commercial potential. Universities own the IP of “institute inventions” (service
invention). Institute inventions are discoveries of employees and others,
related to the university. Institute inventions are commercialized solely by the TTC. Commercialization revenues are shared by the inventors (40-
50%; 50-60%) and the university. If the TTC chooses not to file for patent, the inventors can do
it at their own expense.
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
Weizmann Institute Yeda 1959
Hebrew University Yissum 1964
Tel Aviv University Ramot 1973
1980’s 1990’s 1998
TTCs in Israel
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
Tech. Transfer Company (TTC) mission
Identify research results with commercial potential.
Actively seek interested commercial entities and sign licensing agreements or establish spin-off companies.
Collect royalties.
File for patents and other propriety rights.
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
The technology transfer process The technology transfer process at TAUat TAU
Revenues40-20-40
IDF
Discovery &Innovation
EvaluationPatenting & Marketing Strategy
Business Development
Follow Upon Contract
Academic Basic and Applied Research
“Bridging the Gap” Sponsored Research
publications
To inventors
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
Approximately 400 new patent applications were filed each year each year in Israel and abroad by the TTCs(approximately 94% of total applications filed abroad).
Commercialization of TTCs focus almost exclusively on inventions.
Most of the revenues from sales of intellectual property (IP) and gross royalties received in 2009 came from Life Sciences and Medicine (approximately 92%).
All the TTCs have affirmed that the main means of protecting IP is applying for a patent.
Commercialization of Knowhow- Commercialization of Knowhow- Survey of technology transfer and IP Survey of technology transfer and IP
companies 2008-2009 companies 2008-2009
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
Since their establishment, TTCs have been involved in the establishment of 151 startup companies151 startup companies, of which 44 startup companies are non-operational.
In 2008-2009, approximately 1,0001,000 IP invention disclosure reports were submitted by the researchers of various universities for examination by the TTCs; of those, the companies decided to protect approximately 700.
Most commercialization
done by the TTCs is to Israeli
companies. Patent distribution by field:
Commercialization of Knowhow- Commercialization of Knowhow- Survey of technology transfer and IP Survey of technology transfer and IP
companies 2008-2009 (cont.)companies 2008-2009 (cont.)
Diagram 1. New Patent Applications by Fields
193
96
32
65
10
157
86
42
76
22
0
50
100
150
200
250
Life Sciences(including Medicine)
EngineeringMathematics andComputer Sciences
Natural andPhysical Sciences
Other
2008 2009
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
International ComparisonInternational Comparison
Israel is internationally leading in ID, patents and revenues per researcher (about 200K200K euro commercialization income per a university researcher)
Country Israel Canada Australia
USA UK
Years 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 # of ID received - 992 1,613 - 1,300 1,409 17,694 18,163 3,800 3,900 # of invention disclosures for 1000 university researchers
- 110 25.9 - 21.2 - - - 23.2 23.1
# of new patent app.
395 384 755 - 1,274 1,253 11,197 11,260 2,097 2,012
# of new patent applications for 1000 university researchers
43.2 42.7 12.1 - 20.8 - - - 12.8 11.9
# of patents granted
- - 346 - 595 600 2,933 3,088 653 827
Revenues from commercialization million euro
314 367 38 - 50 43 1,712 1,279 155 99
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
How does it work? The (best) case How does it work? The (best) case of the Weizmann Instituteof the Weizmann Institute
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013Responsible technology transferResponsible technology transfer
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
Lipimix | Tubilux Lipimix | Tubilux
Exelon® | NovartisExelon® | Novartis
Doxil ® | J&J Doxil ® | J&J
Cherry Tomatoes | BonTomCherry Tomatoes | BonTom
Periochip | DexcelPeriochip | Dexcel
Selected TT Success Stories: Yeda, Yissum & Ramot (2009)
Selected TT Success Stories: Yeda, Yissum & Ramot (2009)
QuantomiXTM | QX Capsule QuantomiXTM | QX Capsule
Copaxone® | TevaCopaxone® | Teva
Rebif ® | Merck Serono Rebif ® | Merck Serono
Encryption Algorithm | NDSEncryption Algorithm | NDS
GeneCardsTM | XenneXGeneCardsTM | XenneX
NanoLubTM | NanomaterialsNanoLubTM | Nanomaterials
Dunaliella | Nikken Sohonsha Dunaliella | Nikken Sohonsha
ErbituxTM | ImCloneErbituxTM | ImClone
Total sale of Weizmann based products €6 Bilion/year
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
Univ. of California system 297Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft 182CNRS 146MIT 131
Univ. of Texas 96California Inst. Tech. 84Johns Hopkins 76Univ. of Michigan 74Columbia Univ. 68Riken 67Univ. of Florida 67Hebrew Univ. 56Weizmann Institute 54Stanford 54
Academic institutions with more than 50 PCTs/year (2004)
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
Government’s involvement in Government’s involvement in university-industry relations university-industry relations
Under the responsibility of the office of the Chief Scientist at the ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor (OCS).
Different intervention programs for university-LOCAL industry collaboration.
Restrictions on internationalization of knowledge created under these programs.
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
Intervention Programs Intervention Programs
KAMIN100%
90%
60%
60%
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
Summary Summary Most Israeli Universities had Technology Transfer
policy and programs before the BDA of 1980.The government has not been involved in the
universities TT policy and/or implementation.IL TT policy is (was) VERY successful, with top
universities leading both in academic achievements (e.g., the Shanghai ranking) and in TT revenues.
The key for success is a RESPONSIBLE RESPONSIBLE technology technology transfertransfer policy and implementation.
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2013
Special THANKS to Amir Naiberg,Amir Naiberg, CEO of Yeda,
author of: http://www.yedarnd.com/images/pics/UserImages/24h.pdf