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BIBLIOGRAPHY

8'484' a:1IJ.t'ta1IJ.tta1IJtt.

!' ,=- . . ,7.7.7, ..BIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPH-

YBiseell

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aphy

BIBLIOGRAPH-

YPersonal

Bibliogr-

aphies

BIBLIOGRAPH-

YBissell

Bibliogr-

aphyBiseellBissell , John T.TT-

.Oobbey

T-

.Oobbey

. Personal letter in renlyreplyrely toto-ouestionnaire.

to-0uestionnaire.

to-0uestionnaire

to-guest

to-nguesouestionnaire.ouestionnaire0uestionnaire.0uestionnairequestionnaireouestionnaire.-

Captain

question-naire

0uestionnaire.-

03.jtain

0uestionnaire-

03jtain

guest ionnaireBonaire .

Captain03.jtain03jtainCa'DtainCaDtain.': BieeellBi8e.ellBi8eellBissell. conrcor1l'cor1lcoatircorncoati! ' : ! ndeclrdeddecaldeedn .eded. tuetilethetrue Section ofof-Conrany

oc-toroon

of-Com

c-oco

of-ConirranyConranyConirranyConanConAgraCom any A v.vYv.vY.cicCyclic

. .:-.cic.cicchic-

.: icniconi cisCPIs1 operatedoeI'8tedoeI8tedop!_) era' ted nortnortlnorthmortal: of lietllethetulle 11: : :: me.merne.rneArneme-.Later

sm-elter

rne-.t

ne-t.

Laterterne.te-rernete-rvenee-r:.tertear he p,prenapenarearedre ? red'ec'ec' ' an official history of thethe-Battalion

te-arstainthe-

B3ttcflionthe-

Battth-reatBattalionB3ttcflionBattBatty lion from source records.recordsrecorrecorcrecord s.s. HieHisHide iniormationinformationiniormation-

isinformation-

isinvigoratio-

nsinformatio-nis undeniably the bettbestbetty obtainable.obtainableobtainable.-

Personalobtain-

ableobtainable.-

Persona.lobtain-

ableobtainable.-

Cobbey

obtain-able

.

OobbeyCobbeyObey , Luther IV.IVW.WI-

V.Dickmar.

W-

.Dickman

. PersonalPersona.l. letter in reolyreplyrelyre ly toto-ouestionnaire.

to-Questionnaire.

to-questionnaire.ouestionnaire.ouestionnaireQuestionnaire.Questionnaireouestionnaire.-

Lieutenant

questio-nnaire

Questionnaire.-

Lieutena.nt

Questio-nnaire

questionnaire.-

Lieutenant

questio-nnaire

.

LieutenantLieutena.nt. CobbeyObey commandedcoriin'iandec.coriiniandecordinancecomm8n' ec.ec.. the 2d PlrtoonFIftoonPoltroonFifteenP1 toorltool ofof-

CompanyH-

offmanof-

CompanyH-

offmanof-

CompanyH-

offmanCompany B.B. His statements are consideredconsidere-dreliable consid-ered considere-dreliable consid-ered considere-dreliable consid-eredreliable andAnQAn the bestbeet record obtainable.obtainableobtainable.-

"The

obtainable-

The

obtainabl-

e.IIobtaina-

bleobtainable.-

Dickman

obtain-able

.

Dickmar.DickmarDickmanDick. , JosephJ'oEephJoEeph' T.TT-

.Frothingham

. "TheTheII" GreetGreat(;re . t Crusade ; a raTFJ.rTFJrFjord?nativearcativeactive._( '

..t i ve ofof-the

of-ten

of-the

of-ten

of-the

of-tenthe 'YorldYorldstarlorldWorldstar' i ''iiar.iiar'iiar.IfiiarIfVar.VarliariatricVary, ar.ar. If" NewIJewJew Yorkork:.: ,D.D. Appleton & Co.Co. , 1927.19271927-

.Division

192-

7Division

1927-

.Division

192-

7Division

1927-

.Division

192-

7Division

.

Division Commander.CommanderComm9.naer.Comm9naer.Comm9naer. . PreparedP repecrepe red fromfl'omflomloom' personalpersona.lpersona.l-pa.pers

pers-onal

personal-papers

pers-onal

personal-papers

pers-onal

.

paperspa.pers. and? nd correspondence withwi th former officers.officerso'ficers.oficersofficers.-Accurate offi-cers o'ficers.-Accurate

oficersA-ccurate offi-cers officers.-Accurate offi-cers :::

' .

Accurate , except in a lewfewblew minor details.detailsdetails.-

Frothindet-

ailsdetails."-

The

details-

Thedeta-

ilsdetails.-

Frothinghan

.

FrothinFrothingFrothinghamFrothinghanFrothing,ham , Thomas GrG.GG-

.Houghton

. "TheThe" American ReenforcementeenforcemeritReinforcementenforcementReenGreen 'orcementorcementforcemeat' in thethe-tforid

He-rtford

the-World

othe-rworldly

the-World

othe-rworldlytforidWorldtorridtforidai"tforidaiFlorida//ai"ai"ai'Jat"JatAt'// : " , Doubleday , PaPagee aand.andancincino . OoO-oGarden

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.Boughton

1927-

Boughton

1927-

.written

192-

7written

.

Written[;ri ttenten in newspaper style favoringfa.vorinrfavorinr. ; the British.BritishBritish-.Statistics

British-.Statistics

British-.Statistics

.

Statistics believed accurate.accurateaccurate.-

Personal

accu-rate

accurate.-

Personal

accu-rate

accurate.-

Houghton

accu-rate

.

BoughtonHoughton , Charles EE-

Rowland

R-

owland

E.EH.HE-

.Howland

. Personal letter endand lecture on samesam-esubject

sam-esubject

sam-esubjectsubject delivered atet Cavalry School ,Fort Riley , Kansas , 3 December , 1929.19291929-

.Captain

1929-

Captain

1929-

.Oaptain

1929-

Oaptain

1929-

.Captain

1929-

Captain

.

CaptainOaptain Houghton commandedcomma.nded. CompanyOompany A.A. risFie'isisKrisFie-lecture

Fi-lature

ris-lecture

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lecture was prepared on personal letters fromfrom-former

foam-flower

from-former

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foam-flowerformer officers of the Battalion.Battalion . BestBest-information

Be-atification

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."Military

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RowlandHowlandHolland , Charles R.RR-

.History

R-

.History

.. "MilitaryMilitary"MiliMiliMillie" tarytarry History of the ToridorldTorridworld.": Tar"Tarar"arVar"VarVary! : " ,

Fort teavenworthLeavenworthheavenwardBlameworthy , Kansas.KansasKansas.1Kansas1.. GeneralGeneral-

ServiceGen-eralsGeneral-

ServiceGen-eralsGeneral-

ServiceGen-eralsService School Press , 1923.192319G3.19G3193.1931923-

.Used

1923-

Used

19G3-

.Used

19G3-

Used

193.-

Used

193-

Used

.

Used as a text of the above scriool.scrioolschool.schoolscroll. A generalgeneral-outline

gener-alities

general-outline

gener-alities

general-outline

gener-alitiesoutline of the strategy ande.ndend. tactics of thethe-High

he-ight

the-High

he-ight

the-High

he-ightHigh Command.CommandOommand.OommandComman-

d."History

Oomman-

d."History

Comman-

d.History

Com-mand

.

History 3d Division "HistoryHistory" of the 3d Division , U.U. 8.8S.S8-

.Army

8-

Army

S-

.Army

S-

ammyS-

.Army

S-

ammy.

,Army in the World1'Vorld1Vorld' War'

,IVeI've r , " for the periodperiodD-

eo.peri-

odDeo.DeoDeco. 1 , 1917 to Jan.Jan. 1 , 1919.1919191-9.AndernachontheRhine

191-9AndernachontheRhine

191-9.AndernachontheRh1ne

191-9AndernachontheRh1ne

191-9.AndernachontheRhine

191-9AndernachontheRhine

.

Andernach-on-the-RhineAndernachontheRhineAndernach-on-the-Rh1neRh1neSandarac- - - , 1919.19191919-

.Prepared

1919-

Prepared

1919-

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191-

9prepared

1919-

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191-

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.

the collaboration of thethe-

Officersthe-

orizersthe-

Officersthe-

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iii

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11ii11-

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LIOGRAPHY

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Title page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( UnpagedUnpaved )

Table of contentscontents-

E1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1i1-

Bibliography

1-

1iBibliographybliographybiographyE1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii1iii-

Marginal

im-

aginable

1i-

iv

ii-

Marginal

im-

aginableMarginal abbreviationsabbrevietioneabbreviation usedused-

Introduction

. * * iviv-

Introduction

iv-

IntroductionIntroductionIntroduction-

Or

Introducti-on

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-

OrientationOrientationOr ! entKent tionion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-

SituationSituation61Situa.tSituatSituatetU2.ttU2t. ion , 7th Hach.HachUach.UachMach.MachHatchUtah. Gun BattalionEattaltotal ion , Kay:ay 30 , 19181918-

Movement

. . . . 33-

MovementMovement by motorsffiotorsfilters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-

Description

4-

DescriptionDescription of terrain , Chateau TuierryTi.ierryTiierryItineraryTierraTi.ierry-

Organization

:. ! . . . . . . . . . . 77-

OrganizationOrganization of the defensedefense-

Germans

defe-nse

. . . . . . . . . . . . 88-

GermansGermans surprised on east flank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111-

GermanGerman mainm3in attack . . . . . . . . . . 1414-

FrenchFrench withdrawal to south of MarneArne . . . . . . . . . . . . 1515-

RightRight flank positions regainedre.gainedregained-

Operations

reg-ained

. . . . 1818-

OperationsOperations June 2d and 3d3d-

Analysis

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1919-

AnalysisAnalysis and criticism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2020-

Wessons

20-

LessonsWessonsLessonsWesson!.essoneessonelessoned. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252325-

Conclusion

23-

ConclusionConclusionOonclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2323-

Questions

23-

QuestionsQuestions on the operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2525-

Appendix

25-

AppendixAppendix No.NoNo.1No1. 1 - Field Orders No 1 , 3 Division . . . . . . 2727-

nn" n 2 - Order for march , 7th U.UM.M. 0.0G.G. BnBn.. . . . . . . 2828r-

rrr" r'r. .' 3 - French order placing Bn in Chateau, ThierryTheoryThierryr-

t

Theor-y

28

" rt 4 - ViewV1 ew , sectors eo tortore Co00 B . . . . . . . . . . . . 2929-

nn" " 5 - View , sector do00Co A . . . . . . . . . . . . 3030-

nn" fIr'r' 6 - Airplane view , Chateau ThierryTheoryThiThai errr} . . . . . 3131-

MAPS

31-

1I1PS

31-

GAPS

i

MAPS1I1PSGAPSMAP-

SSpecial

Apop-

lectically

1I1P-

SSpeoial

GAP-

SSpecial

Apop-

lecticallySpecialSpeoial Map No 1 - General Map4ap! , Western front . . . . . . . . 3232-

nn " No 32 - ChateauOhateau ThierryTheory and environs . . . . . . 3333-

n

33-

Non" " No 3 - Operations in ChateauOhateau ThierryTheory . . . . . 3434-

Mlr

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KKeltonKeltonElton , Robert H.H. "TheThe" Miracle of ChateauChe.teauCheteau. Thierry"ThierryThierryHTheory" ,CenturyOentury LlagazineMa.ge.zineMagezineMagazineAllegation. . , LlayMayAllayl1 1.y1y. 191919l 1 , TheThe-Century

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c1e e "TheThe" American 3d Division in SecondSecond-Marne

Secon-darySecond-

MarneSecon-darySecond-

MarneSecon-daryMarneArne Battle"Battle" , in The Tatch'itchitch'Thatch':,'atcatc' on thethe-

Rhine..theu-terine the-

Rhine..theu-terine the-

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te-nacity

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te-nacitySociety of the Thirdhirdhired Division ,Dec.Dec. 1928 , Vol.VolViol. X-XX.X-

General

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X-

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General HondesirMondesirHondasMendes ( FrenchFI'enchFIenchFInch' Army ) commandedcOfm't1pndedcOfmt1pndedcorm2nded' thethe-38th

the-38th

the-38th38th Corps ata.t. ChateauC118tea.uC118teau. Thierry.ThierryTheory . He rritesv.rritesvrriteswritesritesverities. fromfrom-personal

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PersninPersianPersPeersP ers.uersuers. inGKingin ?; , John JJ-

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PershingPersilingPerishingPeriling , CommanderComm nderender in Chief , A.E.F.AEFABEA .EE. .FF. . "

WashingtonWrshingtonshingtonHintonWr , D.D. C.CC . , Government PrintingOffice , 1930.19301920.19201930-

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Very

.

Very tenerlEenerelgeneraltenderlyKeener? statement of operations.operationsoperations-

.Battle

operat-ions

operations-

.Battle

operat-ions

operations-

.Battle

operat-ions

.

Battle MonumentslilonumentsLionumentsalignmentsLiniments CommJasionCommissionCommJComm: ion "AisneAisneMaine" Defensive and ChateauChatea.u. TnierryThierryItineraryTheoryTnierry-Sector

Thierry-Sector

Thierry-SectorSector , liyMpy111pylilyMy? 31 - July 14 , 1918"1918" ,American Battle LionumentsHonumentsMonumentsLiniments CommissionConunissionCoz-missionCozmissionConcisionCozy-, : ,Washington'ashintonashinton' ; , D.D. C-CC.Cllov.CloveC -. , llov.llovNov.Novlove. 8 , 19361926 ,

File 710.3-B/AM.7103BAM.710.3BAM.7l0.3-B/AM.7l03BAM.7l0.37l03710.3BAM-

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CompiledOompilCompileC o rriprip i l ed thruhrut correspondencerrespondencrespondentco e withwi th manyman .' eyeeye-witnesses

eye-witnesses

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"The

accurate-

The

accur-ate

accurate.-

War

accur-ate

.

War College "TheTheliThe" AisneAieneMaineAbilene and.ndnd. MontdidierMortifier IloyonToyonLoonTokyoIloyo-nOperations

:Toyo-nOperations

Toyo-nOperationsOperations with special attention toto-

thet-

oteto-

thet-

otethe participation of American Divisions1,1Divisions11Divis1onsDivisions"DivisionsDivisions1-,1Historical

Divisions1-1Historical

Divis1on-sHistorical

Divisions-"Historical

Divisions-Historical Divi-sions

;",Historical Section , U.U. S.S. Army WarItrarIntraWa-rCollege

Aer-oallergen

Wa-rCollege

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Tr-eacleCollege , WashingtonVashington!

, , D.D. C.CC.C.. , GovernmentGovernmen-tPrinting

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tPrintingGover-nmentPrinting Office , 1932.19321922.19221932-

.Compiled

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MARGINAL ABBREVIATIONS USEDUSE-

DPersons

Se-

ders

USE-

DBissell

USE-

DPersonal

Se-

dersBiesellBissellBiesellO-

obbeyBis-sellBissellC-

obbeyBis-sellBissellC-

obbeyBis-sell

PersonsPersonal! letterletter-

Personallett-

erersletter-

Personallett-

erersletter-

Personallett-

erersOobbeyCobbeyObeyOobbey-

Dickman

Cobbey-

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Personal letterletter"-

The

letter-

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letterh-

ead

letterD-

ickmanlett-

eredletter"-

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letter-

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letterh-

eadDickmanDickDickma-

nFrothin

Dickma-

nFrothin

"TheThe" Great Crusade"CrusadeCrusade"-

"The

Crusade-

The

Crusa-de

Crusade"-

Fl'othin'ham

Crusade-

Flothinham

Crusade"-

"The

Crusade-

The

Crusa-de

"

FrothinFrothingFl'othin'hamFlothinhamFloatingFl'othin'ham-

Houghton

Flothinham-

Houghton

' [;'hamham-

Houghton

ham-

Houghton

"TheThe" American Reinforcement in thethe-

Personal

thr-

eesome?orldWorld'NorlNorlNolWorld-

"The

Worl-

dThe

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rld

' ; . :;:or"orartlartor"-

Personal

or-

Personal

for-

epersonart-

lPersonal

Pa-

tterson

"

HoughtonHoughton-

Rowland

Houg-htonHoughton-

Howland

Houg-htonHoughton-

Howland

Houg-hton

Personal letter sndandsand lecturelecture-

"Military

lecture-

Militarylec-

turelecture-

Kelton

lect-

ure

lecture-

"Military

lecture-

Militarylec-

tureRowlandHowlandHollandRowland-

Kelton

Row-landHowland-

Kelton

Holl-and

"MilitaryMilitary" HistoryHi story of the V/orldVorldWorld/ War"War'Var"Var'NarnNarnVaryNanWar"-

"The

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The

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athe

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KeltonEltonKelton-

Mondesir

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Mondesir

"TheThe" MiracleMil'a.cleMilacle'. of Chateau Thierry"ThierryTheoryThierry"-

"The

Thierry-

TheTheo-

ryThierry"-

Mondesr

Thierry-

Mondesr

TziTim: erry"erryDerry"

MondesirMondesrMendesModesMondesi-

rPershing

Mondesi-

rPershing

! "TheTheliThe" AmericanAmericAmerica..nn. 3d Division in Second Limelirneiirnelineire,, ?: : : Battle"BattleBattle"-

"Final

Battle-

FinalBattle-

fieldBBattle"-

"Final

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FinalBattle-

fieldttlentitlettlen-

Pershing

atte-mpters

"

PershingPerishingPershingB-

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Perish-ingPershingB-

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"FinalFinal" ReportReport"," Commander in OniefOhieChiefBonnieOhiof , A.E.F-A.E.FA.E.F.AEFS.E.ABEA.E.-

FBattle

A.E.AE. . F -,. "

B.M.O.BMOB.M.C.BMCMOMCB.M.O-

.U.S.War

B.M.C.-

U

. . . Battle Monuments CommissionCommission-

"The

Commissio-

nThe

Commiss-

ionCommission-

U.6.War

Commissio-

nU6WarU.S.WarUSWarU.6.WarU6.WarU6WarSwardU . S . War Coll.CollColI.ColI,CoollyColin. "TheThe" AisneA1sneMaine and LContdidier-NoyonLContdidierNoyonlrontdidier-NoyonlrontdidierMontdidier-NoyonMontdidierContainerNoonrotiferMortifier: - Operations"OperationsOperations"-

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NTRODUCTION

I-

NTRODUCTION

..=::. ;. . . . . . . . . . - . .

INTRODUCTIONTRODUCTIONPRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIO-

NSince

Introduct-

ions

I !TRODUCTIO-

NSince

Product-

ionsSince tneirtheirtinier inceptionincetion? ourinrduririfmournerdrierduriuri tr tae floridWorldVorld.Vorld:Vorld.tarWordStar. vartarvary; ; r , thethe-

study

te-sted

the-

study

te-sted

the-

study

te-stedstudy of motorized forces nashasnabsas been growingrowing; steadilysteedilyseedily amongamon-

gmilitary

amon-

gmili

amo-ng

amon-

gmilitarymilitarymilimil tarytarry students.studentsstucstuck ent8.ent8. Unquestionably , motorsr.1otorsr1otors. will'illillr ' hold anan-

irjportant

un-

important

an-

importa.nt

un-

important

an-

important

un-

importantirjportantimporta.ntimportantairport. place in oilall futurefutul'efutulefutile' rarear8wars\ : of any magnitude end.ndndCnd( ., aa-

careful

c-

arefula-

careful

c-

arefula-

careful

c-

arefulcareful analysis of theirt eiremir powers and limitationslimltlilt tionsions is ofof-

vital

jo-

vialof-

vital

jo-

vialof-

vital

jo-

vialvital importance to every netnction.nctionnation.nationunctionion.ion. UnfortunatelyUYlfortunately , however ,

few historical exarjplesexarLIplesexanrplesexamplesearliness: of tneirtl1eirtheirtinier use ereHreareHare availablea.vailable. 2nd.2ndand.and<? nd . itit-

isit-

sit-

isit-

sit-

isit-

sis believed thatthsthast , if for no otherot er reason , the actionpctionoption, ofof-

the

of-

ten

of-

the

of-

ten

of-

the

of-

tenthe 7th MachineMe.chineMechine. Gun Battalion ( motorizedwotol'izedwotolizedwoollies' ) of the 3d3d-

Division

3d-

Division

3d-

DivisionDivision att Chateau, ThierryTilierryTiiierryTheoryToiletry in June 1918 is1s well worthrorthorthrothNorthworth-

examining.

rorthe-

xamining.

: orth-

examining.examining.examining.

ORIENTATIONORIENTATION-

The

Orientati-

on

ORIENTATIO-

Nfront.

Orientat-

ion

The collapse of the RussianRussialzRussia andnd RoumanianRourianianRumanianRoumanian-

armies

Roma-nian

Roumanian-

armies

Roma-nian

Rourianian-

armies

:

armies late in 1917 gave the Central Powers a grertgreetrereatgreatt prepre-pre-

ponderance

pre-

ponderance

pre-

ponderance

¬-

ponderanceponder of troopstroop8 for the springsprinsprain of 1918 on the WesternesternEasternWestern-

front.

West-ern

estern-

front.

store-

frontfront.front.. They realized that thet.tlettletitle. opportunity existed toto-

defeat

to-

defeat

to-

defeatdefeat England and France on thstth8tthathast front and bring the warwar-

to

wa-

rt

war-

to

wa-

rt

war-

to

wa-

rtto a successful conclusion , provided that they could acta.ctact-

before

Wa-

terford

a.c-

tbefore

act-

before

Wa-

terford

.

before the United States Armies became effective.effective. In aa-

carefully

c-

arefully

a-

analyzed

a-

nalyzed

a-

carefully

c-

arefully/carefullycarefully/ analyzed plan , Von HindenburgH1ndenburgHindenberg to whom the KaiserKaieerKaieer-

Howland

Kaiser-

The

Kais-

er

(1)1( ) HowlandHolland , j/j/jhadjihad]/ had.had. delegated alla.l1al1. strategic authorityauthoriauthor ty (1)1( l ) hoped tot o crushcrush-p.

crush-n

crus-hp.p-nn- "., 242'. the BritishEriEric t1sh by a8, double envelopment toward Amiens anda.ndand-

P.Ni

Ad-

onis

and-

HAzebruck.

.

P.Ni/P.NiHr'Hr. r'HAzebruck/"

'\ K HflzebruckHAzebruckHAzebruck.Hazer,,. after which concentrating alle.llell. Mshis forcesforces-I

force-sQI 6 H\H\ iy\>ry'ryr'\r'r' \HH-

J\JJ\.....) V //MM/1/'t"ILtILtail'

"

.

apainstagainst France he could cut the Paris-MetzParisMetzPar1s-MetzPar1sMet- railroadrailroa.drailroad-JrJ

railro-ad

. ,. --JrJJrJJar--JrJ-

j

".JJ.

( j HowlanoXHolland capture Paris and paralyze that nation.nationna.tion.. . (2)2(2-

)V

2-V

(2)-

Von

2-Von

(2)-

Von

2-Von

( )

V p J Von Hindenburg1sHindenburg'sHindenburgsHindenburg'HindenburgHindenberg' s first blow fell on MarchMarohMarco 212-

17VV

21-

I

,

,////I/I/-7/V/-V7V-'/ // !//<-

.

:t(: 193-819381918- ( MaP x1)1) . Superior to the Allies in strength ,

.morale

. _

,

training and experience in mobile warfare , with the addedadded-

1-1-1- 1-

w.

1-

w

1-

the

-_. .. . ... . .... . , .. .... . . , . ... . . .. . . .... ... .. ,. .. . .. . ... . . .. . . . . . . ......_. .. .. .. . .w.w" - - - r r.vrv-' .I.wa..f.IwafIowa- -l.lN.rWNrW-NW+ * MMwnuMw .ww * 4.4,.._.r.r. . . ,..nn._,.. .. ,. .v.v._.*. . MwlrMewl_., -... .. ..-.. .A.A.ArwWIMMAIM.uIY.MArwWIMMAIMuIYM..... __ ... ..*.. .>. o. .. *-a/LlM.aLlM.Lm-/-......."' ' . r.NrN.. .... w_a.NI.a.IAfIaNIaIAfIsanitaria_._<w. < .m.rmr.wwrr.cw..r. ._AM1rMM.'KAM1rMM.KAM1rMMK,_> .'r*.fM,..n... * *.*. ,M4M..WM'.MM.M4MWMMM.M4MWMMM*, I, .

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(3)3( ) PershingPerishing , advantag-eadvantageadvantage- of unityunity'' of command (3)3( ) the Germans sweatS''leptSleptsweptsweat-p.

swept-p.

swea-t

swep-t

S''lept-po

Slept-po Sle-pt

' '

p.ppo: . 30nway3wayswayway all resistance snd8.nd8ndandsand. by March 31st had penetratedpenetrated-

to

penetrate-

dto IfoyonNoyonvoyonFogyNoonvying andendand. . KoreuilMoreui1MoreuilKoreaMoore , creating a bro"dbrodbro8dbroadbrood?" salient , 37 nilesi1esr-.ilexr.ilex:-.ilexi1es-

Hovland(4)4( 4)4) Hoy/landHoylandHovlandHowlandHolyHollandHowlanddeepHollander/: ,., . ./, deep"deep--deep"-

-

on a base of 656b wilesmiles (4)4( ) , capturing 90,0009000090,000-p.

90000-p

90,000-p

,p.pp . 255 v

(5)5( ) Frothing-FrothingFrothins-FrothinsFrothinessFrothingprisonersFrothinsprisonersFrothingFrontispieces,-- prisoners and 15001300 guns.guns. (5)5(5)-aam

5a-am

(5).-

lam5l-

am(5)-

aa.m5a-

am( )

aam.lamlamaa.mam. . ,p.p. 243 DesneratelyDesperatelyDes 'HH' ratelyirately the Allies ned118d'liedlied' subordinated tneirtlleirtheirtiniertallertneir-

difierencestelec-

onferencestlleir-

ditalli-

ed

their-

differencestelec-

onferencesdifierencesdifferencesdi ' 'erenceserencesTerence', agreeingDgreeing ;: on unity oflfeommondOfOl"llmSndOfOlllmSndoYICJoyce oinmlandinland" in tnetllethetinetulle personperson-

of

perso-

nof Marshal FochOuch pnd8.nd8ndrandpond. it waswa.s. only tnrouphtnroufhtrophytroughtr rou-rouroutrouhrough-°h his efforts inin-

drawing

in-

drawnin-

drawing

in-

drawnin-

drawing

in-

drawndrawing reserves from alla.ll. ironts'rontsrontsfrontsirons' taattnatthattatnat the Germans wererererarewere-

o

wer-

e

,

(6)6( o ) RowlandHowland/-HowlandHollandHowlandfinallyHollandHowlandHolland , ,./, ' '- finally stoppedstopped. ,. (6)6(6)o-. 6-o

( o )

r1o.o]) . 2532553 '/"'

ContinuingContinuin ; tnetJ.1etJ1ethetine. plan of envclopin:1envclopin1envelopint'envelopintenvclopinenveloping: '.-. thethE'' British'BritishEriEric' tishTrisha ,

Von HindenburgEindenburHindenbergIndenture struck his second blovbloi'bloiblo-rblorblobBeloit-'! on AprilA ; :> rilaril 9th toward

(7)7( ) RowlandHowland"HowlandHolland," ,.., Hazebruck.HazebruckHazer. (7)7( ) ( MapYap 1.1. ) Though not as successful asaa._. .::' thethe-

p.the-

nth-

ep.pn . 263 i.ii>., '

first , he penetrated 20 kilometers on a 50-kilometer50kilometer50kilometer-

front

-

front anda.nd. secured Kt.KtMt.Mt. KermnelKemmelKernnelKernelKennel giving him observation of

(8)8( ) HoviandHollandHovlHovelHowland//Howland,/HollandHowlandtheHolland! tndtend , // the entire BritisuBritisBritisiiBritish salient at Ypres.Ypres. (8)8(8)-p.

8-p

(8)-o

8-o

( )

p.p-o-o-o265.- 265 I/' Somewhat disappointed, in failingfailinL"failinLfailinrfailingly{ " to isolateisola.teisolate-

the

isola.te-

the

isola-te

.

the BritisnBritisilBritish he still believed that tnisthistliisTunistallish could be accomaccom-Tacomaaccom-

plished

accom-

plished

accom-

plished

¬-

plishedpolished in one more powerfulpov'erfulpoverful' blow.blow. However , time wouldwould-

be

wou-

ldbe requiredrequifeqrequire for itsit s preparationprepare tionion and he could not afforda.ffordafford-

to

a.fford-

to

affor-

d.

to surrender the initiative.initiativein1tiative.in1tiative . The Crown Prince had earlierearlier-

prepared

ear-lier

earlier-

prepared

ear-lier

earlier-

prepared

ear-lierprepared plans for a drive towardto rd Paris to gain controlcontrol-

of

contr-olof the AmiensAmiens--Rhe1ms--MetzAmiensRhe1msMetzAmiens--Rheims--MetzRheimsMetReins--RheimsReins--MetzMet railroad and now contendedcontended-

that

conten-dedthat the situation favoredfevored it.it. The Allies reserves hadhad-

been

ha-

dean

had-

be

ha-

de

had-

been

ha-

deanbeenbe n drawn nortnnorthNorton of Paris pndendpond the French line of thethe-

Chemin

th-

ereinCheminheminheroinScheminghemming des Dames though naturally strong was weaklyweakly-

Somewhat

we-

akly

_

(9)9( ) Rowland/RowlandRowlandgarrisoned.ProlongationHowlandV1HowlandHolland ,,!/ garrisoned.garrisoned . (9)9( ) So HindaburgHindenberg authorizedautnorized tnisTunis attack andand-p.

an-dp.p. 274

the 7th and 1stlet Armies , totallingtotaling 41 divisions , werewer-

esecretly

wer-

esecretlysecretlyseoretly assembled by night maronesma.rcneemarcneemarchesmarinesMacanese. over a period ofof-

twenty

o-

ften(10)10( ) U.S.US.. . WarWa-rOoll.p.

W-arhol

twenty daysdays.,. (10)10(10)-

Ooll.t10-

Oollt(10)-

At

10-At

(10)-Coll.O.

10-CollO

( )

Ooll.tOolltOoll.p.OollpColl.-O.Coll.O.BoltDollopCool. - ) . 8At 2j402:40240: AM , May 27th , the blow fell as a com-comcom-

2

com-

r

com-

er

-

-2-2-22- 2-

W

2-

L

r-_

!

L* W "' "f_

... ... .. .M.M. *.".*.#.. ... *. t\iti\. >..*.jw'Wr4ijwWr4i..*....._***.'... fnrs/fnrsfnrs9frs_*... *. /,.9.<. MI'MI-M(*'-aw..n.ry1N..rnry1N.rnry1Nr. >.vi-* ri-.-. r.r-. . . , . A4ft.".. *_* *> M_**.*..*. *. *..*. *_* J.J*.*.- <.____ . ._ .. .

__ . _ .n.r.nr..,_,,._. .,. ..__ . . .ii. , .. ., r.r.. .. ... .... . .".. . .. w.w. . . ....,. ... .-.. ". v.v. . ...rr. . .4.-4..4....,- ... . ., .. 4_ _._ . 1.14-44.-. .. .n.n_. . w'w_.' ,..ftft..... .

s... '

.. .

. !M . : '" ",: .....

!",. "II", ..(

..

'.; . . .. . . ... .._ ._ _.... .

__. ...

N.NN.F.W"NFWNW... ..

.,.aivrM/'sw1WV'FaivrM'sw1WV'Fsw1WVFair"'.\F.W"F.W"FW\ ,.,/' .

.."W/"WW"-

W'I1."I.

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..+ .:.."..4W4W.

'...!

.nn. ....MN-rMNr.1

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f,,' , , .! ! '

1.1. :, . '. .MM:. :

gjgfcl.... .. .... ... 'I1."I.I1I.' . ... "

I -. .:...,;.

.ajsas. .. . ..' .w.w. .; . . , .... . . ... ...II. ''''' ''-- " \I\oIo\ \. . ' . _

(11)11( 11 ) U.S..VarUSVarU.S.'I11arUS.I11arUSI11arUSAU.U. S . "VaVa'". rr-CoIl

C-

oIlpleteDletepeteLethe surprisesurorise on a Job-mileJobmile5-m11e5m11e2J5-mile2J5- iront.irontront.rontfront.frontiron! . (11)11( ) By 8:00800S'OOSOOSOHO:'. AMA-

MCollAr-

mco A-

Mtwas

B-

atas

A-MColl

Ar-mco

.CollCoIlCoolly , tit-11- , ,c ciuWolwC"VK" ;* am WvwWwWvw-T

V-T

,oo-

9.

o-

9T-9.9.-) . 10 /twastwasAYa.sAYaswasMayas/ vas; . captured.captured . By noon he readiedree..cnedreecnedreachedgreened.. tnethetine AisneMaine end thatthat-

evening

thre-

atening

that-

evening

thre-

atening

that-

evening

thre-

ateningevening was on theth Vesle.VesleVesltVerseVest:: . FocnFOCllFociFongFocally* , hurriedlyhUI'l'iedlyhUIliedly' ' gataeringgatneringgarteringgarneringgataering-

reservesgarte-

ringgatnering-

resel'ves

gatnering-

reselves

garte-ring

gatnering-

resevvesgarte-

ringreservesresel'vesreselvesresevvesresolves: ' , placedpl C e themtllemtulle ate t RneimsRneirosReinsNeuronsRneimsindRemainedrmdlnd-indindmdlandbind- SoissonsOrisonsSoiSoil BsonsSons againsta.gainstagainst-

the

a.gainst-

the

again-st

.

the flanks ofat this fastt'asttasttaste:' forming'orminorminforming' [,. slientselientsalientsrlsr::: entKent butbutvasbetaswas\vasvas\ unableunable-

to

unab-leto stotstopstoat> the GermsnGerma.nGermanGerms. mnrcn.mnrcnm8rcn.m8rcnmercn.mercnmincingAmerican. On MeyMe.yMayMy. 2otn2otfJ.2otfJotA. PrrisParisP I'isIisIbis' wss"esesgaswasps,

." _ bombom-bonboombom-

barded.

bom-

barded

bom-

ba.rdea.

bom-

barded

bon-

bardea.

bo-

mbarded

¬-

barded.bardedba.rdea.bardeabardea.. . SoissonsOrisons leiltellfellLeila on taetiletie 29th9th ande,11de11d, o : ,. tnetllethetinetulle 30tn30ti130th thethe-

armies

th-eories

the-

er.iJies

tem-

erities

the-

eriiiesarmieser.iJieseriJieseriiiesterrifies! .: 01of tiittIlttiietittie: crornGro\r'nGror'nrnCrowncroneGrog\ , ' PrincePriI.lCePriIlCePrivilege. readiedreacHed JaulgonJaulgon..eJaulgoneJargonJargoned. .ee. .enaEdna-nana8ncencdend- CnateauOna.teauOnateauCriateauChateauConnateCrateCnatea-

uIhitrry.

.

(12)1212)( ) RowlandHowlandHollandHo wI , , Ihitrry.IhitrryT'thierry.TthierryHairyTheory11' 1 t r1'Y.r1Y.r1Y' . (12)12( 12 ) TheT 11 e completeco mp 1 e t e satisfactionsat isfact 1 0 n oiof0 l'l' taethet n e HignHighWhigHign-

Commona

Ch-ignon

High-p.

Hig-hp.p. 276276'andY'

CommonaCommanaCommonCommand coulocouldcoulomb na.venave11.Ve11Ve?. oeeubeebeenogee no moiemOl'tmOltmoremoire' clearly snownshownsown tn-tntnnthantnt 1 - n in tnetl1ethetinetne-c

tl1e-

c.

tl1e-

cthe-

G

nec-

kth-

ethe-

pompous

thr-

ombuscc.-c.Gc-

.pompous.*-

pompous announemeniiannounemenliannounemeniannouncementw.. oiOf that, day'sdays' cowuuniouecomlluniquecommunioncolumbinecorm: unioueunique , "ureure"iVeiVe'lirelirecuredive"' etandtandstandwetlandstand-w

stan-d

:

(13)13( ) KeltonElton , alonalonealongalone; the Marne.MarneMa.rnEMarne-1111Arne.: .- " (13)13(13)-

P13-

P(13)-

p.(13)-

SITUA'rION

13S-

ITUArION

( )

P-Pp.P1-. 1

SITUATIONSITUA'rIONSITUArION' , 7-cn7cn7tH- MAROH.MAROHMARCH.MARCH.MARCO. GUAGU.GUGUAMGU . BATTALIONBA'rTALIONBArTALION' , MAY 30Z0 , 1918.19181918.-

The

1918-

The

1918.-

The

1918-

The

1918.-

The

1918-

The

.

The 7th Mach.Mach. Gun Battalion , 3d Division , waswas-

a

as-

aa RegularRegula.r. Army unit , organizedorganizea.organizeaorganizesorganize. in 19171817 from trained menme-

nirom

env-

iron

men-

i'rom

me-

nirom

env-

iron

men-

from

env-

ironiromi'romfromiron' the 4th and 7th Infantry regiments and consistedconsistd orofor-

two

P-

orto

of-

two

soft-

wood

of-

two

soft-

woodtwo companies andRndRand a HeadquartersEeadquarteI'SEeadquarteIS' dtaacnmtntdetatcrlrnentdetachmentd t .c.nmtntcnmtntcontent. . ; , 1botalote.lotel6otalbobtailhotel. strengthstrength-

about

stren-gth

strength-

about

stren-gth

strength-

about

stren-gthabout 20 officers and 375 men.men. Having receivedreceivtd:: its basicbasic-

training

asce-

rtaining

basic-

training

asce-

rtaining

basic-

training

asce-

rtainingtraining at CampCa.mp. GretaGxet.hlGxethlGentleG1'G1' etLJ.etLJet:. :. , H.HN.N. 0.0C.C. , io1"1it" arrivedarr1ved at La Ferte-eur-FerteeurFerte-sur-surFeteeuroslurFerteeur-

Aube

Foresee-able

FertesurA-

ubeFertesurA-

ube

- -

AubeUbe , FranceF'rance' , in tnethetine unaumontUhtLUmOlltfundamentun unlontunlit Trainingtra1Il1I g uiux.iiauxiiaxii.J.J. .' ,. . a., on April 17 ,

1918.1918. CertainOertainPertain officers were promptly sent to a CorpsOorpsOopsCorps-

School

Cor-pses

Oorps-

School

Hors-

eshoe

Corps-

School

Cor-psesSchool for additionala.dditiona.1additiona.1additiona1. . training and on May 1st HotchkissHocksHotchkiss-

machine

Hotchkiss-

machinef

machine guns were drawn , 16 per company making-makingmakingthreemaking- three four-fourfour-

gun

out-

gun

four-

gun

out-

gun

four-

gun

out-

gun

-

gun platoons with four reserve guns without crews asas-

replacements.

m-

arketplace

as-

r

s-

r

as-

replacements.

m-

arketplacereplacements.replacementsr lacements.lacementsplacements. Intensive instruction was started and byby-

May

by-

way

by-

May

by-

way

by-

May

by-

wayMay 30th a reasonable degree of efficiency had beenbeen-

reached.

reen-

trancebeen-

reached.

reen-

trancebeen-

reached.

reen-

trancereached.reached. Unfortunately , however , this could not be saidsaid-

for

sai-

lor

said-

for

sai-

lor

said-

for

sai-

lorfor the transportation.transportation . Motor equipment was first issuedissued-

on

issue-

d(14)14( ) Houghton , on May 24th.24th. (14)14( ) It consisted of 52 covered vans ofof-p.

o-

fof-

f

of-p.

o-

fp.p. 2a1000 Ibs.Ibslbs.lbsDibs. capacitycapac1ty , such asa.s. are used for deliveringdelivering-

groceriesdeliv-

eringdelivering-

groceriesdeliv-

eringdelivering-

groceriesdeliv-

eringgroceries , 6 Ford touring carecars and 24 motorcycles , solossolos-

3-3-3- 31-

NN1

-'/1NN11NN1./ _ _ M'Mn'LFMMnLF

_MN' ' _ _*kww.68bkww68b.... /11.11./.% ...., IAMMPML_AMPLE.. .

_.. . .00". V. .. ..*..//r4r4. .*. ...- XMfMfg.. _ .K.K.. .._rNMNM_ MI.MI_

'c.c'. L4.. 06"0606",1... .."..'" -,1,11_-*"%., -. . . . .,..-. W.W.. -.. M4- W. .<10010...-. 4L4L-

t.

4L-

t

. "' - .. .. ..-...- . .-_ . ..,_. w.w..,. <.b. .._VW-VWV-

W"I

V-

WI

W-

I

... -. !,.,. , <. ' *.. . ._ IiIi1-

1.

Ii1-

1

-**- .. '... . ...- .. .

t.t\ . .

, .. , ' . .. .... ... .... ... ' .... "ii" _. .

. .. . . ,

. . ., .'ffff' :"! ;

'-, , r'r. ' -

... . "', ..A"\.A"A."A.""

. .. .'

I

.Mi..0Mi.0Mi0..J

._...\'. IWrM

.

,

_ ._rrt.... ... . "'; .' . ' 1'1

.

' 7701. '.) L ' ,;. ;..; La.La...... . :Tar

.:. ......d.d. .

.. '\. ., ..._I

..JI.JI_TT., .

*. 1I&-1I&1I1I&.1.'l. .&_._. '#'. !-.*"'",..r2.,.;"'.. :-" .*. . .....A.1.'l1.l1lYitITITT*

.'

..:;: . .., ,

"'.''''.' 'v*;, . .:.1

.:. ..:..

.;; ;;%: i ll/llllWallow) / W *'"MM""__

*vilevil > JlJ-

lenc

L-

enence.nenand. some withwi th side cars.cars. A canvass of tnethetine companiescoannaniesCanaanitecompanies-

produced

comp-anies

corrcorercoannanies-

produced

) an1 eses-

produced

re-

producedproduced very few experiencedexperiexpert encedfenced chauffeurs andan duringdUl'indUlindurinDublindurian' ;;, thethe-

few

th-ee

the-

few

th-ee

the-

few

th-eefew daysda.ys. aftera.ftaft. er their receiptI'eceiptIeceipt' the machines suffered manyme.nymenymenmany-

minormai-

nliner

me.n-

yminor

many-

minormai-

nliner

.

minor accidents atet the hands of these novices.novices. PerhapsPerhaps-

thePerha-

psthe greatest difficulty lay in the solo8010 motorcycles forfor-

itfo-

rtfor-

itfo-

rtfor-

itfo-

rtit is no easy matterm tterotter to control these on short acquaintacquaint-acquainta-

nce.acquaint-

ance

acquacquit int-intdintint-

ance.

inst-

ance

¬--

ance.anceVance. However , by dint of perseverance , by ioylay'ayayirony1 :' 30th thethe-

trainter-

rainthe-

trainter-

rainthe-

trainter-

raintrain coulccoulcould.could . be formed , started , and stopped with onlyonly-

occasional

con-

vocational

only-

occasional

con-

vocational

only-

occasional

con-

vocationaloccasional collisions.collisionscollisions.-

In

collisio-ns

.

In summingsumminesummoned ;; upup"eupedupere\"e"ee\" rr.syrrsymaylayerrs. sayseysexy th-tthtth.-tth.th.tthatth.th.-tt-:-- , this battalion'sbattalionsb8tta.lion'sb8tta.lionsb8ttalions'battalion's-training

battalionst-raining

battal-ions

b8tta.lion's-

trainineb8ttalions-

traininebattalion's-

trainingbattalions-

trainingbattal-

ions.

'

trainingtrainine:; , with'with' the exception of ttiethetie motorsmotor8 , wosW2.8W28waswoos.n" cellentr"I'"cellentrIcellentvicellentEllenRochellemicelle'

." ;

discipline and8.nd8nd. morale superior , and ecmipmenteouiymentequipmentdecampment fairfail'fail' , forfor-

the

fo-rte

for-

the

fo-rte

for-

the

fo-rtethe guns were not new and the motors as will be shownslovmseldom) laterlater-were

lath-erer

later-were

lath-erer

later-were

lath-ererwere inadequate to carry the loads required.requiredrequired.-

The

requir-ed

required.-

The

requir-ed

.

The 3d3d.. Division vnshmmsvanshmm\ :ns scheduledscaeduled to occupyOCCU'9YOCCU9Y' aa.., ouietquietouiet-

sector

qui-etest

ouiet-

sector

qui-etest

quiet-

sector

qui-etestsector northnort11 of ToulToulon about June 14th14tzl for trainingtraininstraininE, purposes.purposespurposes.-

Major

purpo-

ses!?purposes.-

1je

purposes-

1je

') ul"Joses.ulJosesunloosesul"Joses.-

Me

ulJoses-

Me

unloos-

es

"

) .

MajorMe1je: jorjour General DickmonDickmanDick , commanding , rasy.'e.8ye.8ye8erasGras.' . en route to inspectinspect-

this

insp-ectthis V7henwhen recalled by telephone KayLayay 28 and advised thatthat-

instead

tai-

ntedthat-

instead

tai-

ntedthat-

instead

tai-

ntedinstead he wouldwoul6 go to the VosgesVogues , May 31st , to release aa-

seasoned

s-

easoned

a-

seasoned

s-

easoned

a-

seasoned

s-

easonedseasoned French Division for active fighting.fighting. However , onon-

May

Bo-

mbay

on-

May

Bo-

mbay

on-

lay

o-

nlyMaylay 30th this was again changed andB.ndBndBand. the 3d Division waswa-

sassigned

as-

signed

wa-

sassigned

as-

signed

wa-

sassigned

as-

signedassigned to the 38th French Corps operating in the vicinity

(15)15( ) DickmanDickDickmanofDickDiCkmanlofDismantle, /ofof/ of ChateauOhateau Thierry.ThierryTheory. (15)15(15)-

P

15-P

(15)-

p.

( )

Pp.p*. 446 V Based on this , Division Field Order No.NoNo.1No1. 1 , doteddateddoted-

May

dot-

ed

dated-

May

dat-

ed

dated-

May

dat-

edMay 30th , directeddiI'ecteddiIected' the 7th U.Gt.UGtM.G.MGUT. . Bn.Bn. to proceedproceed.. at8t once ,

using its own transportation , viavia.., ArcisArcs and SezanneSuzanne toto-

CondeenBrie

to-

CondeenBrle

to-

CondeenBrieConde-en-BrieCondeenBrieConde-en-BrleBrleCodeBarley- - to report to a French Headquarters.HeadquartersHeadquarters.-

See

Headquart-

ers

.

( See Appendix 1 and Map 1.1. )

MOVEMENT BY MOTORSMOTOR-

SThis

Moto-

rist

MOTOR-

SThis

Moto-

rist

MOTOR-

SThis

Moto-

ristThis order reached the battalionbartta110n headquartersheadqua.rtersheadquarters-

at

headqua.rter-

st

headquarte-

rs

.

ate.e.t 10:00100010 : 00 AM,

AIUAU" , , Mayt ay 30th.30th. It came as a complete surprisesurprise-

4

surprise-

e.

surpris-

e-4-4- 4-

"i

4-

i

44'-

1'

44-

1

4-

ft

-brrw.tibrrwtiBerwick. Q.M/Q.MQ.M.rF.w--. / . .rF.wrFwfew-. -. .,. ... . -4'1'4'1'41Mr.Mr-. 'ra.ra'. taawr

_taw . .MM_. , I J ..._

.0'11.011011ww. ' _w .wvhiwvhiwhim_. ., .., .. ... . . . ,. .... . . .. .. .. . .., ... _.. ._.. ._ _. ...._. . .... . . . . . . . , .

a n.A..wnAwgnaw-- w..AL..W&ftwALWftaloft- ftf-

tbrrw.ti& w..6..wftw6.wftw6wft Mw % a a.rar W.W.A.A. . -- .- ..:. . . . .. .. ... ... _ ..._ . , . '... . ... . ... _ . . . ..._ . . .. ., . _ "-- , . .. . .. ... . . .

, .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ,, " , . . . : . .

-. If ! ......

.

...... .

. . ... ._ ,,... _JIll .

.

._,... ..

..___ .

'

, - .. " " "_ :.iOiO. - _. "" . .h.h.I . "

..<.. J . "",, _#''''''' '''.JW

''l..H.lH'II'II

..'!"

. .

_ .... , ..._ ._ ...

....01"1'-.011.01"1'011.

.

.0-

1"1'(16)

0-

1116

.."'.'.-..jEap(5f2jEap5f2.

(...r.r...._..? 5332E KS i Mw-SESBUJi1MwSESBUJi1MwSESBUJi1i-. .... ...k.k. *... -ii- *

.

,,-_.... ,.. . . .- . . """' - j.j a-irair. . . _

.

for althoughalthouh[ rumors vereerewereverge circultincirculetincirculatincirculatingcirculation? :-' th-ththtthat-== t tuethetruet << <, FrenchFreFred ch rerewererarerere-

hardrer-

eadwere-

hard

wireh-

aired

ereere-

hardGe-

rhardhard pressed , thisthis1.ievlyievlyelyevillyDe-11.- ?ly arrived unit hprdlyhrrdlyhnrdlyhardly hooechopeCho-DehoDehoeopeChoD-

ecalled

hoe-

cake- to bebe-

colled

be-

fooled

be-

c2.l1ed

be-

c2l1edcolledc2.l1edc2l1edcalledcooled. upon.upon. A battalion warning order vw'acwacac\' ;'aa'PC issuedissue6issued. . at onceonc-

edirectingconf-

ederatingonc-

edirectingconf-

ederatingonc-

edirectingconf-

ederatingdirecting ; companies to locdloedloadocdlobed endand[ n reportresortreportenreporti'tenreportitenreportedrepartition\\enen\i'teni'tenitenvaenitemvan\ : . \' reacyreayreadyracy, (; to r-.ove.r.ove.move.mover.-ove.r.ove.Jover.ove-

.See

rov-es

move-

.See

mo-ves

r.ove-

.See

rov-es

.- :.- .

( See ATpenc.ixpencixAppendixpencilArJpenCarpe> . ix . ) TroopeTroopsTrope v/erevereVier'eVierewereVerde/ ' recallecrecalled fromf'l"omflomloom' " drill andan-

dtransportation

and-

tra.nS90rtation

an-

dtranS90rtation

an-

dtransportationtransportationtra.nS90rtationtranS90rtation. waswa.svas. loaded on ea basisba ; is of two vpnsnervansnerpannierbannervensovens er scjuadsquadscudscjuad-

vdth

squa-

dlth

squ-ad

squad-

with

squ-

advdthlthwithdothlath Officers 8ndandnd rTeadcuarterspeactquartersFeadcuarterstreasurersheadquarters personnelersonnel, in touring cars.carscars.-

The

cas-

tecars.-

The

cas-

tecars.-

The

cas-

te.

The motorcycles were used for couriers and key .C,0s.C0s.C0sl.C.Os.lCOslOsl.C.Os.-

Three

'.>, T.0T0: . .C,0s.-

Three

C0sT-

hree.0e.0e.0e,. .0e.-

Three

0e-

Three

! .

Three heavyhea.vy. trucks vere1'ere1erewereverge': secured by the BattalionttFJliGntattlingB SurvnlySU1.plySU1plySupplySurelySurvnl-

yOfficer

SU1.pl-

yOfficer

SU1pl-

yOfficer

Suppl-

yOfficerSu-

pply.

")

Officer from the 3d AmmunitionAiw..unitionAiwunitionAlienationAn ! ! ., .uniuniZuni. tioDtied Train1'rain1rain' for emergencyemer,7encyemer7encyemeremmer ,,encyenc uce.uceuse.useduce.

(16)16( ) Bissell (16)16( ) LaterLa.ter. five moremOI'emOIemoire' from the Div.Div. Q.QQ .,. LI.LI1L1.1. Train joinedjoined-

the

join-edthe BattalionBattelion for the heavy becbeckbebap-gage.bapgage.apgageg'gage.ggagegaugeg'gage.-

At

ggage-

At

gadg-

et

'- age.ageage.-

At

page-

ant

.

(17)17( ) B.M.O.BMOB.M.C.BMCMOMC. . . ,.. At 2:202202:30230: PM (17)17( ) the column clearedclepredclerked LaLa.. FerteFete inin-

the

in-

terin-

the

in-

terin-

p.im-

pP.P. 1the order HctreHqtrsHctrsHectareHatersHectors , A , B , Trains.Trains'l'ra.ins.lrainsrains' '

. . A rate of trentytv'entytventytwentytrent' milesmiles-

permole-

ster

miles-

permole-

ster

miles-

permole-

sterper hour soon extended the column badly 2nend.end? nc . finallyfina.lly. twelvetwelve-

was

twel-vewas settled upon rsns the momootmett economical rote.roterate.rate. TrucksTruck-

sbuilt

Trac-ksuit

Truck-

sbuilt

Trac-ksuit

Truck-

sbuilt

Trac-ksuitbuilt for loads of 1000 Ibs.Ibslbs.lbsDibs. carried 1500 , making springssprings-

restspring-

iestsprings-

restspring-

iestsprings-

restspring-

iestrest on axles.axles. On steep hills men had to dismount andand-

valk

Ra-

ndal

and-

wa.lk

Ra-

ndal

and-

walk

Ra-

ndalvalkwa.lkwalkval. , in some casesca.ses. push , to reachrea.ahreaahrah. the toptop.,. These oarscarscareoars-

were

coa-

rser

cars-

were

cas-

erne

care-

were

care-

eredwere secured from the British , were riri&htrihtright&ht hand drive anda.ndand-

the

ant-

hem

a.n-

dthe

ant-

hem

and-

the

ant-

hem

.

the tires proved to be old stock resulting in manyman-

ypunctures.

man-

ufactures

man-

ypunctures.

man-

ufactures

man-

ypunctures.

man-

ufacturespunctures.punctures . Delays were frequent anda.nd. motorcycles provedproved-

invaluable

proved-

inva.luable

proved-

invaluableinvaluableinva.luable. in guiding andend carrying sparespa.re. parts to brokenbroken-

down

brok-en

broken-

down

brok-en

broken-

down

brok-endown trucks.trucks. Before startingsta.rting. each truck was furnishedfurnished-

with

furnis-hedwith a reserve can of 5 gallons of gasoline and eacheach-

driver

ach-

ievereach-

driver

ach-

ievereach-

driver

ach-

ieverdriver had an itinerary of the route.routeroute.-

A

rout-

e

.

A short halt was made about 9:00900: PM nearnear-

Sezanne

ne-

arsnear-

Sezanne

ne-

arsnear-

Sezanne

ne-

arsSezanneSuzanne to rest the men , refuel , and overhaul the cars.carsoars.oarscars-

.Thereafter

oars-

.Thereafter

cars-

.Thereafter

.

Thereafter no lights were used which added to the diffidiffi-diffdiffi-

culties

diffi-

culties

diffi-

culties

¬-

cultiescruelties of the drivers.drivers. At daybreak the columnoolumn encounteredencountered-

refugees

encoun-tered

encountered-

refugees

encoun-tered

encountered-

refugees

encoun-teredrefugees and it grew increasingly difficult to keep thethe-

train

ter-

rain

the-

train

ter-

rain

the-

train

ter-

raintrain intactintaot until finallyfinallr there were seldom as many asas-

5

as-

I

ANS-

I

as-

b

a-

bs

as-

5

as-

5I

-5-5- 5-

J

5-

I

5.-

M..INSwNrWNar

5-

MINSwNrWNar

-

b. .LL.rJdLLrJd.,.J,.." .. JI1f-** 'M.O.MO' . . .. Ma.Ma-. t*" .K-MMM/.KMMM. - FFM'rFFMrFM*'*.M..INSwNrWNarMINSwNrWNar*_. *./"." .-.-.,,.-+ MwwWw 'll-' wM.wwN.WwMwwNWwww---..-.....- ,. ..Pww.rrwPwwrrw. -*-*.. -*. --"- . . .;. ...VrM'1rM1.. _ .'*.1Mte"1MteMJ1.MJ1.,.... "*.IA..' IRMIRMA"-* -*--t*MM".'.,+.r1'.r1r1. ' _. 'ww.',, N.. JW_* q... . /;,.wrwr,

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....

. ..11.:--10 carsce.l'ScelScells.

' in any.nyny. roup.roupgroup.groupcroup . StnriinStrainSt1rtinLSt-artinLStartinLMartin- :; ithv.ithvithitchv\ . a few cartscDrtscrts thethe-

refugees

he-

resiesthe-

l'efugees

the-

lefugees

hee-

dfulness

the-

refugees

he-

resiesrefugeesl'efugeeslefugees' increasedincre8sedincreincurred sedseed rapidlyrapily( to ', hh.-th.thth-h.-- , t aroaeroarorarborar-Dr-aredarDraredJared!), )-: _

'--rr21'21- ' :; c.c.. to be aa-

never

n-

evera-

never

n-

evera-

never

n-

evernever endingendint, stream.stream., FamiliesFemilies liedh2dhad abandoned LneirtheirweirLaniert nomeshomesgnomesnomes-

end

enmes-

hed

homes-

r.n

hom-

er

homes-

and

homel-

andendandr.nrn. were fleeinfleeint-fleeintfleeingfeintfleeintfromfeint> -_ from tnethetine invadersinvaderEinvaderE'iinvaderEiinvaderinvadersitij.invaders, \itij.itij.t-'itit'itiitiziti\'i'ii\-"..'' tlJ.tlJTel, . tueirtLeirtruertheir, mo..-

ttreasured

moctmo..tmotoctmoc-

ttreesured

m-ottles

mo [. . tt-

treEsured

t-

reasuredtreesuredtreasured possessions , omenmenwomen! andrindnd children sharincsharingshe ring largelarge-

hay

larg-

elyllarge-

hay

larg-ely

rgeragerge-

ha.y

rel-

ayhayha.y. V8'w8.onsw8.onsw8onswagons'

. [:;, onscons vithwithitchVoriVoid, th fefe2tfeatherti.ertier;. . er beds , chests of drarersdrawersdrapers,, , birdbird-

cages

bird-

cages

bird-

cagescages Endandnd chicken coops , the men leadingleadine; cattleca.ttle. and2nd sparespare-

horses.

saw-

horses

spare-

horsee.

saw-

horse

spare-

horses.

saw-

horseshorses.horseshorsee.horseehorse. Their faces weretiv.eretiveretierce. ere hazardhaggardheghg ardWard with weariness but rll811allrillrll-

could

ro-

llout

811-

cou1

all-

could

alc-

oholcouldcou1 smilesmi1e rndandrendnd vavewavevalve1N JVeJove encouiaenCOUI'CenCOUICencomiaechoicercoura-ementercouraementmercurialcement' ! gementgenet;:- ementcement to "leelee'IlesIlesGiles'" 1 es Americans'1Americans1AmericainosflAmericansAmericAmerica 2.ins"2.ins2ins.

'" ,

their errscarsC rs the only oneconeones!:; movingmovincsnovices north ngainsiogainstagainstgains thistl1is currentcurrent-

of

curre-ntof fefearr and depression.depressiondenreseion.denreseionderisiondepression.-

Nearer

depres-sion

depression.-

Nearer

depres-sion

denreseion.-

Nearer

.

Nearer the front detachmentsdetechments of infantryinfentry , heavyheavy-

siege

heav-

ysetheavy-

siege

heav-

ysetheavy-

siege

heav-

ysetsiege guns nndandnd supply wagonswe.gonswegons.: , both French and British3ritish ,

armenredar-nearedarnearedarmoreda - eared in the intdint , rvslsrvelsrva.lsrvalsrivalsravels. betveenbetweenbet eenen the refugees,, allall-

retreating

all-

iteratingall-

retreal-

leleall-

retreral-

lureretreatingretreretrerretirerestorer t1nftiny;; , the irreckwreckire of the defeateddefe2ted army-

.Norti

army.armyarmy-

.Nortn

army-

.Tort

ar-my

.

NortnNortiNortonMortisTort tl! of MontmirailMonomialMontmiI'MontmiIMont ' tiltail there wasVia siessshieslerslessleers confusion.confusionconfusion.-

Here

confus-ion

conconfusion.-

Mere

confus-ion

usion.usionfusion.

HereMereere artillery was still in firing positions andQndNd CavalryC2v81ryCavalry-

of

Caval-ry

,

./(18)18( le ) Mondesir/MondesirMendesMondesirofMendesMondesirMendes ,/// of LELe.. Tour'sTours' Othbth5thGothbath CavalryCava.lry. Division (16)16(18)18( ) v/asvaswas/ standingstandinf ; toto-

p.

to-

pto-

horse

co-

hortsp.pMondeSiXj/MondeSiXjMonde. 1 /, horse in formationformetion nearne8X taetdet.ietietide. rosdroadrods , lookingloolcing rather medievalmedieval-

with

mediev-

alist

medieval-

wi

mediev-

al

medieval-

with

mediev-

alistwithwi th their banneredba.nneI'edbanneIedmanneredannelid.' lances.lanceslances.-

At

lanc-es

.

At 12:301230: PM , May 31st , the head of tnethetine battalionbattalion-

helted

batta-lion

battalion-

halted

batta-lion

battalion-

halted

batta-lionheltedhalted etat Oonde-en-BrieOondeenBrieConde-en-BrieCondeMondeCode- - , having come 110 miles over roadsroads-

jambed

eras-

ableroads-

jambed

eras-

ableroads-

jambed

eras-

ablejambedjabbed withithitch traffic in 22 hours.hours. Reporting to GeneralGeneral-

Renouard

Ge-neral

General-

Renouard

Ge-neral

General-

Renouard

Ge-neralRenouardRenoir , FrenchFI'enchFIenchFInch' Army , the Battalion CommanderComma.nder. receivedreceived-

En

receiv-ed(19)19( ) Dickman/DickmanDickDickmanordersDiscommodesDickmanDick ,

!,

.)/ii//!

orders to.continuecontinueto.continuetocontinuetooting. continue to Chateau Thierry.ThierryTheory. (19)19(19)-

p.

19-p

( ) En route ,

Pp.p*. 49looking back at the town of OondeCondeMondeCode , shells could be seenseen-

striking

sen-

sitizing

seen-

striking

sen-

sitizing

seen-

striking

sen-

sitizingstriking the buildings in the square the Battalion hadhad-

recently

adj-

acently

had-

recently

adj-

acently

had-

recently

adj-

acentlyrecently vacated.vacated. The war was rapidly becomingbeoomingbooming a reality.realityreality.-

NesleslaMontagne

reality.-

NesleslaMontagne

reality.-

NesleslaMontague

.

Nesles-la-MontagneNesleslaMontagneNesles-la-MontagueMontagueNestlesMontage- - ( see Map 2)22 ) , the last covercover-

before

ove-

rbear

cover-

before

ove-

rbear

cover-

before

ove-

rbearbefore entering CheteauChe.teauChateau. TnierryThierryItineraryTheory was reechedrea.chedreachedbreeched. et8.t8tat. 3:303303 : 30 PM-

.Two

P-

MT

PM.PMPM-

.Two

P-

MT

PM-

.Two

P-

MT

.

Two FrenchFrenoh batteries were firing from south of this towntown-

on

tow-

ntown-

on

tow-

ntown-

on

tow-

non the heights nortnnorthNorton of Chateau ThierryTheory anda.nan. d iti t wnWJSwas; , * notnot-

6

notH-

wy

Nort-

h

'

-6-6- 6-

MI

6Io-

IIIO'AO

6Io-

IIIOAO

-

..Hwy_ r.._w.w. *..+. . \IoIIIO'AOIoIIIO'AOIoIIIOAOaw.w.aww'\ * MI'. *.......... . . rr.wrawrrwraw*._. *n.,.*. wr4rAr...wo..(..w*.rrr.rww.R..utrrrrwwRut.*.....rr. r..r'f: *WA.X'WAX... . . '.M..r.r.. , *_..r.owr.wrowrwrower.t .m *_. - . *

_..*,,Wu -* >,$ . ,w.www..... .w+*' vu+ur+.s-sssrsr/'f'ff/'w*J'-.rft.J'J.rft.raft'' --sr".ir.vwirvwMIRV.*... <(.v<*.T*.+ >)n*_+*Wr_.rr. . . .Ufw"' *..r.. . <, MHHW.wwrrwwrrWW_. 1Ir.1Ir. *..+... r_

*wrwww . .rtw..r.w..V , .! .'..>.. . Hcow"cow_ .. **"+' . H1" .,*., /,_

<* <.KU...W..lJ11ifU'11W.lJ11ifU11WlJ11ifU11. * . (,TO-TOTOrMTOM. ...-. rM **' ( <.*. .. .%!.WftftWaft.... *...ww.w.r.wr>) ._.# .-K_"*

p

&..

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,,;snSsans;:

. .

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S_3KA.... , . .... ,_-aa-' 0..0.-00.0..0.... ..-

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_..,.,.:

. . ....: .

.,.\.t.t\-. $..,...

i

,r

.-:w;.. ?

-V.VX4.4-X4.4X4-.4MERFirm X4-4MERFirm . --- ... ... .,_ .,

.:...

.:

.

:.:\.. 'hfhf'hf:1a.

.'

.")Il'Il;,

...',r':'

,

; -' -:1a.1a.:1a.1a- ': .

::..

.

.:.r.r...:.

-

.'. " , :'"

:

!

::'v.v...... '::" ""

... . ...ho.ho. .. '_- . '-# <il(...

,. . ,

. /I.I./. ...-. . . .._

.-110.110.-....... . '.rw.wrww-ww.

_ ....-. . or.or_

..-.. ..

wnw-

nconsidered

u-

nconsidered

....

considered safesr.fesrfestrafe:. to move the carecars furtherfurth8r forwardforwa1d rithoutv-ithoutvithoutwithoutr-iri- thouttoutthout-

reconnaisrance.(20)20(20)loughton20loughton( ) ._-loughtonloughtonoutIhtonoughtonHoughtonoutfighting-:= ; reconnaissance.reconnaissancereconnaisr-ance.reconnaisrance.reconnoiterVance- . (20)20( ) A base was established, andan . pursuant11ursuantpursuant-

to11ursuan-

tto

pursua-nt

pursuant-

to

pursua-ntto the orders received ( see AppendixA.pendixApendixA}. eDdixEddie 3)3) , the CompanyComDrnyCamryCompany-

Commanders

ComDrny-

Comm

Company-

CommandersCommandersComm 'nn' .ersers. were\ .' ere sent to report to tieut.tieuttimeoutLi eui.euietui. Colonel BenezechBeseechBeneBenne zech.zech.,,.

commandingcommandincomm ndinsdins thetile 33d ColonialColoni8.1Coloni81. Infantry at LesLees ChesneauxChelsea ,

just north of Chateau ThierryTheory to reconnoitrereconnoiter runcunguncum; positions.positionspositions.-

At

positio-ns

.

At arrivingarrivin6; 8t, t the stone bridgebribrie ge over the UarneKameMarneArneKaneUarne-

inKame-

inMarn-

ein

Guarante-

eing

Am-en

Mari-nein the center of the cityci ty , the CaptainCa'Ptain' of Co "A"AnAil"Al'Al" "' who wasv.'asvaswas-

accompanied

v.'a-

saccompa.nied

vas-

accompanied

was-

accompanied

.'

accompaniedaccompa.nied. by the BattalionBa.ttalionEatta.lionEattalion. . liaisonli tisonbison officer ( French )

observingobservinr ; some confusionconfnsconfines ion parkedp rkedirked his carC8.1'C8.1C81. ' in aa.. sidesid c streetstreet-

and

stre-et

streett-

ndstre-

etstreet-

and

stre-etandtndtend approachedapproeched the bridgebridgeherebridgeheadwhere\herehere\': , observingobservin[ ';:, 3a.a. FrenchFrench-

General

Frenc-

hmenFrench-

General

Frenc-

hmenFrench-

General

Frenc-

hmenGeneralGeneralvithGeneralistwith\vithvithitch\ some officers , he statedsta.ted. his mission.missionil1ission.il1ission. This

(21)21( ) MondesirMendesMondesirGeneral, / General/General/' proved to be MarchandMarched , of FashodaFe.shode.FeshodeFa.shoda.FalsehoodFleshed. . fame , (21)21(21)-P

21-P

(21)-p.

( )

P-Pp.P1-. 1 ',Vi, /V commendingcommanding the 53d Colonial Division , who said thctth2tthatthcthct-

Colonel

th2t-

Colonel

that-

ColonelColonel BenezechBeseech hpdhadphd been eithereithpr killedkiller.killer. or capturedcaytured , thatthat-

he

thatc-

hed

that-

he

thatc-

hed

that-

he

thatc-

hedhe wasVia.SViaSVials. taking personalpersonl? commandcOlcoal unandunhand , and he directed that thethe-

7th

the-

7th

the-

7th7th BattalionEattalion bring up its guns immediately and occupyoccup-

ypositions

occup-

ypositions

occup-

ypositionspositions on the south bankba.nk. of the MameMarneNameArne to cover thethe-

approaches

tel-

eprocessed

the-

approaches

tel-

eprocessed

the-

approaches

tel-

eprocessedapproaches to the bridges andBndBand to protect the withdrawalwithdrawal-

of

withdraw-

al

withdrarithdrawithdraw.% walwailwal-

of

alo-

of

alal-

of

alo-

ofof the FrenchFrenoh to the south shore , after which , thesethese-

bridges

stee-rages

these-

bridges

stee-rages

these-

bridges

stee-ragesbridges , now being mined , would be destroyed.destroyed . He furtherfurther-

statedfurt-

hersfurther-

statedfurt-

hersfurther-

statedfurt-

hersstated that the Battalion WPSweswasPS, to remainrema.in. in positionposlpos tlontalon untiluntil-

itutili-

tyit was relieved.relieved. These orders werewexewee transmitted to thethe-

Battalion

te-

arstainthe-

Battalion

te-

arstainthe-

Battalion

te-

arstainBattalion CommanderComnComm; nderender in NesljesNesiesNestlesMessiestNesNess } es and, laterla.ter. confirmed in

(22)22( ) Houghton , writing.writing . (22)22(22)-p.

22-p

( )

p.p. 4

DESCRIPTIONDESORIPTION OF TERRAIN ,) CHATEAU THIERRYTHEORYTHIERRY-

The

Hierarc-

hiesThe cityoi ty of ChateauOhateau ThierryThieI'ryThieIryTheory' straddles the MarneArneMarn-

eRiver

Man-

euver

'

River , the major portion being on the north side where itit-

surrounds

di-

scursions

it-

surrounds

di-

scursions

it-

surrounds

di-

scursionssurrounds the'the' base of a prominent bluff.bluff. A fortifiedfortifiedc-

hateauforti-

fiedfortified-

otateauforti-

fiedfortifiedc-

hateauforti-

fiedchateauotateaurotate stands on this bluifblu1fbluff and from its wallswallewale can bebe-

seen

be-

seem

be-

seen

be-

seem

be-

seen

be-

seemseen not only the entire cityc1t ' but.but. theth level plainpla,1npla1n, betweenbetreenbrethrenbetween-

7-7-7- 7.-

l

7-

l

71-

It't'

71-

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,

.cjrcircj-

rits

sc-

ripts

.

.... .

. <(

its southern limitslimitelimited end2nd the woodedoo ed hills of Fesles.FeslesNesles.Neslesesles.eslesFleshlessNestlesensiles1 . ThisThis-

TlainHist-

amine

This-

la1nThis-

nla.inTin-

actinTlainla1nnla.innlainLain) . , some 1500 yrrdeyrrdsyardedyardsye rdsreds deep ofofordsoxfords: ordscords very limited cover.covercover.-

The

cov-ert

cover.-

The

cov-ert

cover.-

The

cov-ert

.

The KarneMarneKaneArne and a canal form an island within the city.citycity.-

Rue

McIn-

tyre

city.-

Rue

McIn-

tyre

city.-

Rue

McIn-

tyre

.

Rue OarnotCarnotHornpoutCannot , the principal north-southnorthsouth- street extends almostalmos-

tstraightal-

mostalmos-

tstraightal-

mostalmos-

tstraightal-

moststraight south from the bluff , crossingcroseingcrosEinrosin a largelarcelarglacee stonetone: bridgebridge-

overbrid-

geover the KerneMsrneMarneErneSerineArne , hereafter referredefel'l'edefelledrefueledl ' ' to os0.808as. the vertt--e--tte-,avertve; .tt. bridge ,

across the island , a smaller stone bridge over the canal ,

through a square named PlacePla.ce. CarnotCannot , across a thirdlirdlairdt bridgebridge-

underbri-

dgebridge-

underbri-

dgebridge-

underbri-

dgeunder wnichwhichwinch the railroad pasespaspespassesparsespastes? and on over the plainplaint-

oward

land-

wardplaint-

owe.rd

pla-

intplaint-

oward

land-

wardtowardtowe.rdtowerdtowered. STesles.STeslesHesles.Heslesh'esles.STelesHassles:' . A main highwayhihwa.yhihway;; . followsfollov.TsfollovTs. the northnorttlsnort bankhankb .nknk. ofof-

the

of-

ten

of-

the

of-

ten

of-

the

of-

tenthe MaineMa.rneMarneArne. , openingopeninc; asa s a long auay-likeauaylikeciuay--likeciuayquaycuracy-- - plazapla.za. oimositeonositeonnnositecompositeonsite:; thethe-

west

che-

wiest

the-

west

che-

wiest

the-

west

che-

wiestwest bridge , then continuing eastwardeastwsrd to the town ofof-

Brasles.

fi-

broses

of-

Erasles.

o-

versees

of-

Brasles.

fi-

brosesBrasles.BraslesErasles.EraslesBraisesErases. Another east-resteastrestst-veEtstveEteast-vweEtvweEtvetea - : rodrood? paspespasreepassespastesparsee thru PlacePla.ce. CernotCB.rnotCBrnotCarnotCherootBurnoutCannotCerno-

trCernot-

on

Carnot-

on

Cens-or

Crot-on

Carnati-

on

.

. rr-I-Ir-onI-

on--

on the south bank , runningl'unnlnFlunnlnFdunlin' east to CCAezencyCareenCezancyzany and knowncIlown'cnovincnovinclownCovina' asa s thethe-

Crezancy

T-heresa

the-

Crezancy

T-heresa

the-

Crezancy

T-heresaCrezancyCreamy Road.Road. . The southern prrtp8rtportpart of the city is taken upup-

with

p-

ewit

up-

with

p-

ewit

up-

with

p-

ewitwith rather extensive railroadraill'oadrailload' yardsyardsithyards\\ithithwithitchwi\\ th one track crosscross-cross-

ing

cross-

ing

cross-

ing

¬-

ingKing a combination wagon and railroadrailrodrailrood? bridge just beyond thethe-

island

Th-

ailand

the-

island

Th-

ailand

the-

island

Th-

ailandisland on the eastern edge of the cityc1 ty , hereafter referredrefer'redreferred-

to

refer'red-

to

referre-

d'

to as the east bridge.bridge. These two bridgesbridbraid es werere the onlyonly-

means

dol-

mans

only-

means

dol-

mans

only-

means

dol-

mansmeans of crossingcrossin;, the MarneArne for five miles in eithereither-

direction.

deter-

iorationeither-

direction.

deter-

iorationeither-

direction.

deter-

iorationdirection.direction. Except for a short period in 1914 the MarneMameArneNameMarn-

evalley

Man-

villeMam-

evalley

Nam-

eable

Marn-

evalley

Man-

villevalley had not been in the war zone.zone. The city had not beenbeen-

damaged

Br-endan

been-

damaged

Br-endan

been-

damaged

Br-endandamaged by shell fire and the surrounding country was in aa-

high

h-

igha-

high

h-

igha-

high

h-

ighhigh state of cultivation , wheat being the principal crop.cropcrop.-

Both

cr-op

crop.-

Both

cr-op

crop.-

Both

cr-op

.

Both north and south slopes of the valley are steep , formingforming-

naturalfor-

mingforming-

naturalfor-

mingforming-

naturalfor-

mingnatural defensive lines to the east and west.westwest.-

ORGANIZATION

west.-

ORGANIZATION

west.-

ORGANIZATION

.

ORGANIZATION OF THE DEFENSEDEFENSE-

SeeDefen-

ses( See SpecialSpecMapSpecMap NoNN-

On

3)33)-

On

3-

On

3)-

On

3-

On

)

On receivingreoeiving General Marched1Marched'MarchedM8rch d'd' s order the BatBat-Ba-

ttalion

Ba-

ttalion

Ba-

ttalion

¬-

taliontalon CommanderOommander directeddireoted both companiesoompanies to send gun squadssquads-

to

squa-

dsto the PlacePlaoePlano OarnotCarnotHornpoutCannot (0)0( o ) as fast as they arrived in Keeleseeles.eelesrNesles.rNeslesKeelseelsresolesKeeles-

8

rNesles.-

8

rNesles-

8

!{ eeles.-

8

eeles-

8

*.

-8-8- 8-

M

8-

a

-.' . .......... .-... . ., ..... . .... ...... .. .. ,

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l-M.ww y-toyto-- ; -. M.tw*.-*..r.w.rw* *,-** *-*..MM-!*K10.K10* -MIhMI* > tlRTyler*. >-mirtrP.vr4rirPvr4rirmiter-*-1.1*i*'-,'r.ttlrttlrattle+.V'*-v**Mr*{ ***1.1-Iho< MMV7.MV7v-WMui sMMY* *-A" +*M<- AAA.t>..4.'i4.i4i:' tw-rl*-kews"Wot.RkewsWotRnewsworthy""-* * . **7'7-'*-**."- MWMWrM-NMte'MMdW MWrM-NMteMMdW rw.a4w0VArwa4w0VA.: -wrov.k.wrovkwok-_. ..= : --7---77-

s

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MrwMw > * w - *>

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15iSJ-15iSJ15iSJftTv.iKTviKTick-

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*>

! *'"&ll&r. . ..wrxrwrxrworry. Zftt-2Zftt2Fatty

.: *

.--

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!;ttfSlKKxttfSlKKx-

ri33 ti;.*:* ww

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MIM-I qwqw-

Qwp1S11.i'q-

wQwp1S11i ***

. . ... aa-

InIn the absence of the Supply Officer still rathnith.rithrithwrathninthRoth. the.the. slowslow-

heavy

slo-wed

slow-

he8vy

slow-

heavy

slo-wedheavyhe8vy trucks he directed the CaptainOantainContaintainstain of A CompanyComnanyConan toto-

organize

to-

boggan

to-

o

to-

organize

to-

bogganorganizeo rganiorganic 2 <2 the baseba.se. , arrangearra.ncarrancarran-.earran.earrackarrant. -. e for rrtioninrtioninL.tioninLrationingIonianr8rc ti oninl'oninlonion.': and loadingload ingKing

(23)23( ) Houghton , strips of ammunition.ammunitionamnunition.amnunition . (23)23(23)-p.

23-p

( )

p.p. 5By 4:504504:304304 : 30 PMP . ' several scuac-sscuacsscuac"sscuacsscubascubass u8 "- s of eacneachbeacon company hadhad-

arrivedha-

rriedhhad-

arrivedha-

rriedtdtd-

arrived

t-

arriedarrived in Place GarnetCArnotCarnet , their equipment piled on the curbcurb-

while

crab-

wisecurb-

while

crab-

wisecurb-

while

crab-

wisewhile the cars returned to NeslesNestles for protection.protection . AfterAfters-

ome

After-

time

Afters-

ome

After-

time

Afters-

ome

After-

timesome dalaydelayallay , MB"MB"BnBn"B"B" " CompanyCompanyvasCompany\vasvaswa.swas\ . ordered to covercovelcove tnetl1ethetine easteast-

Bridge

ast-

rideeast-

Bridge

ast-

rideeast-

Bridge

ast-

rideBridge and protect the east flsnk.flsnkfla.nk.flankflank.. . FiveF1v c bunsgunsunsHuns were movedmoved-

out

mov-

edmoved-

out

mov-

edmoved-

out

mov-

edout etat,? t once and placed , tvotROtvvototarovivo: st.tt. t the stone steps ( A ) justjuetjetjust-

south

jo-usts

juet-

southJe-

suitjust-

south

jo-ustssouth of and enfiladinenfiledinenfilading ; : tnethetine easteasears t bridgeJridleRiddle,) ride-eridee-

,

, and tnreet-lretlrethreetreelire:- e in thethe-

corner

the-

orizer

the-

corner

the-

orizer

the-

corner

the-

orizercorner of a field ( B ) firingfirm.firmfir1n ,.:_

' to the northeast acrossB.crossBcrossCross. thethe-

river.

te-rrier

the-

river.

te-rrier

the-

river.

te-rrierriver.river.

MeanrnileMeanrhileManvilleMeanwhileMean hileChile further orders verev'erev.-erev.ere.-verge' receivedreceived.. by 'he.he. he-

Battalion

e-

mbattling

he-

Battalion

e-

mbattling

.h-

eBattalionBattalion CommanderCommnderComnin-nderComninnderCroninender?- and pursuant to them one section ( twotwo-

guns

wo-

unds

two-

cuns

wo-

unds

two-

guns

wo-

undsgunscunschunks; ) of CompanyOompany "A"A" " was sent under an officer across thethe-

Marne

th-eatre

the-

Marne

th-eatre

the-

Marne

th-eatreMarneArne to the northeast exits of LnetheLynne city (0)0( C ) , to cover thethe-

withdrawal

the-

withdrawal

the-

withdrawalwithdrawal of the French via , the westvilest bridge returningreturning-

when

return-ingwhen this withdrawal was completed after which the bridge

(24)24( ) HoughtonHougi1ton , rouldv70uldwouldroulade be blown up.up. (24)24( ) Moving; out atst, 5:00500: PM , they werewere-p.

wee-pp.p. 5

followed by a French rifle platoon.platoonplatoon.-

In

platoo-

n.

In crossingcros8in tnethetine bridge they received scatteredscattered-

firescatte-

redscattered-

firescatte-

redfire but suffered no casualties.casualties. Advancing to a towertowel-toweltowel(0)towel0- (0)0(0)-

one

0o-

ne(0)-

one

0o-

ne( C )

one gun was mounted to fire nortnNorton and east , the obherothersoberobher-

being

obse-

rving

other-

being

the-rein

other-

being

the-reinbeing held in reserve while the officer reconnoitred.reconnoitredreconnoiteredreconnoitred.-

German

reconnoi-tered

reconnoitred.-

German

reconnoi-tered

reconnoitred.-

German

reconnoi-tered

.

German snipers occupiedoocupied two Adrian barracksba.rracks. in a park aa-

gateway

g-

ateway

a-

gateway

g-

ateway

a-

gateway

g-

atewaygateway at ( M ) and some houses at ( N ) near the river.riverriver.-

By

riv-er

river.-

By

riv-er

river.-

By

riv-er

.

By 6:00600: PM , however , the French had established a lineline-

along

life-

long

line-

along

life-

long

line-

along

life-

longalong the stone wall some 150 yards east of the tower withwith-

a

with-

ala machinemaohine gun at ( P ) covering their flank.flank. The other "A"A"A"-

Company

AC-

ompany

Co-

mpany

"A"-

Oompany

AO-

ompany

Do-

orman

"A"-

Company

AC-

ompany

Co-

mpany

" "

CompanyOompany gun was therefore mounted near the first.first. ThoughThough-

9

Though.-

9-9-9-.9-.9-. 9-

4

9-

w.

9-

w

.9r-

iwliNlrl

9ri-

wliNlrl

-riwliNlrltrillion.4. Mww.w:... 4.i.IliwiIliwiii. 4'UXrUVA4UXrUVA,' : .% :.1'.11. ' ... <,;i ,. . ,

.. -MM- .. M_ . ..i .. *.. HM__M >. . . i.. .. .....<

_ ',4Mr... , .* *... *_*i...... ... >.i...>..ii.. ... .ww...w.w. .. .iw.iw...... _. >..i... JfUUJuju"*'...AA. MS *_rU.vrUvUv....' . ', . . .. , "I'I" I ' . HHMEMMtn, ...-.-. .__. /.>..... ... ,... ",u , <">vw"_

< n -"" v,,"" >, *_. <".'< u W ." "*" >\. " '_* * <> ""> '". . *-*+*,"*',.*-* '*. .*. ..> ...

"'

.. .",. . ", .

.::. :. .:

--_. ._ ..... ...... _ ..... _ , t.\.W-t..Wt..WJ...invvftifc, , . .. .

, .' J!. :.t.ttt. . !..

-' \ --* * ,.*. .!... . *.:. * >* . ..* * ir* .II. 9fi:" >.-. -!..uu. >. -AA..LJ.LJ- trW .'. . .._ ..rr.. :-%, ..,<. ** oootboot": . *-otot- *.HH v !*J> *. 4 * ' w < k <.*.iii.ii.ivt/iii.ii.ivtiii.ii.ivtfM/<fM MiMi - > * <y eeIoSeikoM\IoIo\ > i iwtiikiwi >

. . . . . . . .. . .- - . . . -- - . _- . . . . , . . .. . . . . - .- . . . . . . . . . .. - .- - . . - -subjectBubjBulb ectsect to occasional machinempchinemechine 2'un2un;'un fire duringdurintdurinzDurantdurian; the nightnihtnihtt-

heseknit-

ters;; :

(25)25( ) Bissell these positions remainedremairemain ed unchanged.unchangedunchanunciianunchainLucian ; , ed.ed. ((85)85(25)25(25)-01

250-1

,?5)5)

41-01014-1The

,-0-1The /The balance of the Battalion WPSPSw s held in thethe-

Place

ch-

elaethe-

Place

ch-

elaePlace CarnotCannot until after derkDerek 8ndandend about 11:00110011 :-

0 PM aa-

reconnaissance

r-

econnaissance

a-

reconnaissance

r-

econnaissance

a-

reconnaissance

r-

econnaissancereconnaissance wasW S madegrade by8y" the Battalion1.attalion1attalionpattalion? ., CommanderCor.m12nderCorm12nderCo . ncnc'erncncercancer' ,

accompaniedaccompa.nied. by the CompanyComany]! Co.n.nndersConnndersCOH.COHOHCo :;.:. ., nc1.ersnc1ersnclerscallers. to locateloc tc runcunnuncumcun-

positions.un-

propitious

nun-

posit

gun-

point

run-

positions.

un-

propitiouspositions.positionsposit ions . This failure to take adva.nts.geadvantsgeadvantageadv . ntageuntagged. of the cay-

lightda-

ylight

cay-cay6ay-6ayday-day6ay-

liC'ht

6ay-

liChtda-

ylight

-

lightliC'htliChtliCh' hours is difficult to explainexpla.in. , wiles--wilesunles'-unles'unlesuncleswilesthereunles'thereunlesthereWiltshireunlettered-'- there waswswas-

some

ass-

ume

was-

some

ass-

ume

w -ss-(% s-

some

s-

omesome uncertainty still existing; ss8Sns to tnetaetine ultimateultimcte use ofof-

the

of-

ten

of-

the

of-

ten

of-

the

of-

tenthe Battalion.Battalion . ItItasVitas-asasvast.-ast..-? .:- aa.. very darlsda.rkdarkdarzdarksdar.: night snd0-nd0ndsand- the reconrE'COl1-rE'COl1rECOl1recon-recon-

naissance

rE'CO-

l1naissance

rECO-

l1naissance

recon-

naissance

' ¬-

naissancenuisance was not completedconmleted until after2.fter2fter. 2:00200: A !?.

,.: . Pi-toonPitoonPl-toonPltonPitoonC-

ommanders

PlPltoonC-

ommanders

-- toontontoon-

Oommo.ndersCommandersOommo.ndersOommonders. then received tiieirtlleirtheirtiertaller orders and by dawn thethe-

defense

thr-

eadfin

the-

efen

th-

eethe-

defense

thr-

eadfindefenseefendefend e was organized as88a s follows :

11B"11BliB"liB"B"B" " CompanyCompa.ny. :

3 guns on wooded peninsula ( F ) 300 ydsyd east of town

2 gunsg ns in a sugarBUbarBulbar refinery ( D ) on river bank

2 guns in sunken gardeng'a.rden'. ( E ) covering1coveril1fcovering: bridge.bridgebridge.-

"A"

bridg-

eA

brid-ge

.

"A"A" " CompanyOompany :

2 guns north of LlsrneM8rneLarneIllusorinessArne ( rjn" )

6 guns in three sections on north shore of islandisland-

allisla-

nd

island-

allisla-

nd

island-

allisla-

ndall east of the west bridge.bridgebridge.-

Each

bridge-

head

bridge.-

Each

bridge-

head

bridge.-

Each

bridge-

head

.

Each of the above groups wasWa.swe.swes. commandedcomwande by an officer.officerofficer.-

The

offic-er

officer.-

The

offic-er

.

The remaining guns werew re still in Company andand-

Battalion

ad-

aptation

an-

dBattalion

ad-

aptation

an-

dBattalion

ad-

aptationBattalion reserve.reserve. Orders were issued to remainrem in concealedconcealeda-

.nd

concealed-

end

conceal-

eda.ndandend. fire only on the orders of an officer.officer. InIn"In"A"A" A"A" CompanyCompan-

ythe

Compa-

nythe destruction of the west bridge was given as the signalsignal-

for

sign-

al(26)26( ) Houghton , for all guns to open fire on suitable targets.targets. (26)26((26)-

o.

26-

o

(26)-

10

26-

10

)

o.op.pn.n: . 5

.

-10-10- 10-

L.

10-

L

10-

I.

1-

0I

10-

Lp

-

I.ILp!..'L.L1.1.

*""

. .

; 1*>

._

;....

._

% * *>". ')!..._- _. . - ..

<H

-

*.-.

fc..

.

_.<*...-Ml.-|.-m.._......,W.J.MKllOWJMKllO.. .

-

. ...

.

.W.. .

.

<

-.'I.I* *.

. .

iViiliicivil- -

'.

-.;;

-

.UMV.UMVMV..

:.u.u.. . .

...

.

...

,. AMMiMI.....

.

... . ...

k. *. ....>...._ .*_

** '_

< ' ..;...;. ';"';

;; ' __ .._._ *..fcr.fcrfacer.*.... ..*.*.K....*. .. ... .**.*.. irf'irfif:.,\ ':-. .MMJ.I4.JI4.JI4. . * *.. . ._. *,._* J_*......,. ..*..Hfc.WHfcW....... ..*.W..._** *... -.-.I'M.-.I'M.IM*-.*..i. IltGilt.I'M.'O.' . ..ii. ..*...<.ii.-. <. . 'O.--'O.O'-

O.subject

O-

subject

S-

ubject

' .*.....-- ..ffafa...... .

T" .

1.it.it1-

MAitt.fcwie

1-

MAittfcwie

. .

KM!'!: v SRMfrurjBi...! . '!..:fJ! ..! MAitt.fc-wieMAitt.fcwieMattwide*#:..*-. :( '.. -: .

<

.: II.II... > :MA * -* Kr nr!J'JMtnwMN':': * .II. . ft MN.MMNMMN!.?/ . . :'.

.: l.ll.l. l.

: ' :: !!el? "oo" <<. :,

, " , t.t. ._" .:'

;

GERMANS SURPRISED OKON EAST FtAMCnANKFLANKTamnANFtAMC-

On

nANK-

On

FLANK-

On

Flac-

on

nanke-

en

Flanki-

ngOn June let1st the sun rose at 3:44344: AM and asas-

the

as-

hen

as-

the

as-

hen

as-

the

as-

henthe mists rose from thetbeti-etietube-: river ae Mermen'J.ermenJermen"ermenermen'". column estimatedestimated-

as

estimat-edas a battalion was observed marching west from BraslesBraeleeBraisesBraille onon-

the

M-

onte

on-

the

M-

onte

on-

the

M-

ontethe river road.road. At ranges of 500 and 800 yards respecrespec-respectrespec-

tivelyrespec-

tivelyrespec-

tively

¬-

tivelylively the five guns of "B"B"S"S" " CompanyCompa.ny. opened simultaneous fire.firefire.-

See

fore-

see

fire.-

See

fore-

see

fire.-

See

fore-

see

.

( See Appendix 4)4) As the fire was rapidly adjusted thethe-

German

ste-

ersman

the-

German

ste-

ersman

the-

German

ste-

ersmanGerman ranks broke , the men scattering into the fields ofof-

wheat

bo-

whead

of-

wheat

bo-

whead

of-

wheat

bo-

wheadwheat betveenbetv'eenbetireenbetween' the road and the river.river. They were screenedscreened-

from

scree-ned

screened-

from

scree-nedfrom view but not from fire.fire. Moving by ss:1orts1orts'ortsort:, ' ort bounds inin-

small

in-

stallin-

small

in-

stallin-

small

in-

stallsmall groups they gradually approachedpproached the river bank andand-

east

And-

eans

and-

east

And-

eans(27)27( ) OobbeyObey east bridge.bridge. (27)27( ) This brought theirV-1eirV1eir- line close to thethe-

peninsula

the-

peninsula

the-

peninsulapeninsula anda.nd. enabled them to definitely locate the gunsguns-

there.

gu-sher

guns-

there.

gu-sher

guns-

there.

gu-sherthere.there. Under neavyheavynavy German machine gun fire and laterlater-

artilleryalte-

rativelater-

artilleryalte-

rativelater-

artilleryalte-

rativeartillery they were finally forced to witndrawwithdraw ata.trat. 7:00700: AMA-

Mtheir

A-

nther

A-

Mtheir

A-

nther

A-

Mtheir

A-

nthertheir losses , five men wounded.wounded . The refinery guns propro-pro-

tected

pro-

tected

pro-

tected

¬-

tectedstetted within a building remained in position.position. ProtectedProtected-

by

Protect-edby rifle and machine gun fire the Germans massed severalseveral-

times

severa-

lties

several-

times

severa-

lties

several-

times

severa-

ltiestimes near the east bridge and attempted to rush it butbu-

tthis

ba-

thsbu-

tthis

ba-

thsbu-

tthis

ba-

thsthis brought them into the open and the refinery gunsguns-

drove

unde-

rcover

guns-

drove

unde-

rcover

guns-

drove

unde-

rcoverdrove them back each time with heavy losces.losceslose-es.losees.losses.lossesloses- . At thisthis-

point

high-

point

this-

point

high-

point

this-

point

high-

pointpoint the river is barely fiftyf1fty yards wide and at timestimes-

the

trime-

ster

times-

the

trime-

ster

times-

the

trime-

sterthe men used pistolspistolepistol against the encrouchingencrouch1ngencroaching Germans atat-

the

ba-

the

at-

the

ba-

the

at-

the

ba-

thethe waterswatswat ere edge.edgeedge.-

About

edge.-

About

edge.-

About

.

About noon a German machine gun was located inin-

the

in-

ter

in-

the

in-

ter

in-

the

in-

terthe window of a large house opposite the refinery and aa-

duel

d-

uel

a-

duel

d-

uel

a-

duel

d-

uelduel ensued.ensued. At times German bullets glancedglanoed off thethe-

barrel

th-

eatre

the-

barrel

th-

eatre

the-

barrel

th-

eatrebarrel of the air cooledoooled Hotchkiss.HotchkissHotohkiss.HotohkissHocksHooks. Finally the GermanGerman-

gun

Germ-

an

German-

gun

Germ-

an

German-

gun

Germ-

angun was silenced and it is not illogicalillogioal to assume thatthat-

one

Tha-

yne

that-

one

Tha-

yne

that-

one

Tha-

yneone fire being equal to the other , the Maxim water jacketjaoketjacket-

was

jaoket-

was

jack-

etJaka-

rtawas pierced thus disabling the gun and illustrating enen-

11

en-

11

ena-

s.w..i.

-11-11-11-

.J

1-

1J

11w-

..w.

11-

ww

-

as.w..i... .>.. ..*._.. .... .JJ. """""* -_.w..w.ww..AfcMi.AfcMiACM. ",,. ,;,., '-" '-6.6.-' . '_, .' ... .._ 'O'O'uOOuIOU' ' ';": JJKWS.SJJKWSS; = ..;;M.OMO.VAiVIaVAiiU.Vii. .; :" ;.: ,. -iU.iU.-. ,.

'."... .UAWarr-JKtUhiUAWarrJKtUhiUnawareKathie:.t""oZ'. *"' ," '*"' "- ; < i.i. ...+. *_*M.. .. ... .. .. ...... ...... ... . !_<.*... . .M..4. ..*..<

_.. 44lv.4&V.Ai44lv4V.Ai44lv4VAi. ....: & .*...,r,; '::"vi.'MviM' .;'... lV.ilViLevi.:; :. *_

M > _i ., . "" ( V.... _WMMM

_>_ mf.mfw.wmf.v. '_/vv/ 0..... to.... *.. .1010*. ( *..*.. MfVMV..... . M4"' ..... ""fc V"

.r.r. . .- . .- - - . --.-.

-

.

--.- . . , . .-.._ .-.. - ",;,,-;-,:'::;:' .y;.

:' -";.--;: ' Q*V4rx-WV4rxW" v'J'J'- ', Y[..+.:

.,.WW. :'

::"fWRfewere:. . ..". ...- ." .H.. . .. . , . .!'I.I' .!, .... l'2t.2t..

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.:

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.....W..\. .- - - - . " ' - '- - .... .-

(28)28( ) CobbeyObey advantage of thettetotet.t.1--e1e-- air ccHedcededcakedcached type.type. (28)28(28)-

During

28-During

(28)-

DU1

28D-

U1

(28)-

During

28-During

( )

DuringDU1 inr.inrin. ' the morningmor-'Ilingmo-rIlingmo-Iling': frequent. requests had beenbeen-

made

Ben-

niebeen-

made

Ben-

niebeen-

made

Ben-

niemade by the CaptainCa-ptainCaptainpain- of uB"uB"B"B" B " CompanyDompanyDorapanyOrphan for artillerya.rtillery. support.supportsupport.-

At

suppo-rt

.

At 3:503503:4,03403 : 30, PMPIS it was secured , a heavyhea.vheavheave. r barrageba.rrabarrabarr. e fallingfcJ,11ingfcJ11ing, on thethe-

northte-

northe-

northte-

northe-

northte-

nornorth shore easteaEteat, of the eaeteasteat bridge and rollingrollincrollinrollick, :; back fromfrom-

thefrot-

hed

from-

thefrot-

hed

from-

thefrot-

hedthe river.river. Those GermansGerma.neGermane. in its1teit-ititpathintact- path rose and fled prepre-pre-

cipitatelypre-

c1pipre-

cipitately¬-

cipitatelycapitallyc1pi tatelystately and againage.inageinageing. the refinery: cunsr-.insr.inschunksins,-unsHuns. did effectiveeffectiveorkeffectiveViOrk/\orkorki-orkiVigorYork/,\-,, ,

novinownov increased to four.fourfour.-

Meanwhile

four.-

Meanwhile

four.-

Meanwhile

.

Meanwhile , acrospacrossmacros thetIle river , the French ColonialsColon1e.1sColon1e1sColonials-

occupyingColo-

nialsColon1e.1-

soccupyin

Colon1e1s-

occupyin

Colonials-

occupyingColo-

nials.

occupyingoccupyin ' tnethetine chateau vicrewerevice using machinema.chine. gun fire againstagainst-

theagain-

stthe GermansGermane in the orchard , the wheat fields east of thethe-

farmh-

earthe-

farmh-

earthe-

farmh-

earfarm oneandlncnc: the brush and by noon smallsms.llsmsll. detacnments.ete.chmentsetechmentsdetachments. . assistedassisted-

by

assiste-

dby the "A"A"AnAn" " Company section one gun of which had been movedmoved-

to

mov-

edto the gate ( KM ) , had captured the houseshoueee at ( H ) but otherother-other-

wise

other-

wise

other-

wise

¬-

wise were unable to advancea.dva.nce. . their line.line. The German riflerifle-

firerifle-

bird

rifle-

firerifle-

bird

rifle-

firerifle-

birdfire had meanwhile increased and by 2:00200: PM artillery andand-

mortars

Pa-

ndoraand-

mortars

Pa-

ndoraand-

mortars

Pa-

ndoramortars were firing in the northern parts of tnethetine citycity-

stillCat-

skill(29)29(28)28( ) Bissell still .ieldieldeldgeldfield.: by the French.French. (29)29(29)-

During

29-During

(29)-

During

29-During

(29)-

During

29-During

( )

During the day there was some sniping againstagainst"-

A"

agains-

tA

against"-

All

against-

All

again-

st"A"A"AllAll" " CompanyOompa.nyOompany. and the Battalion CPOP was moved across thethe-

Place

ch-

elae

the-

Place

ch-

elae

the-

Place

ch-

elaePlace CarnotCa.rnotCannot. to a cellarcellar , it1 t having been badly damaged byby-

shell

b-

ushel

by-

shell

b-

ushel

by-

shell

b-

ushelshell fire.fire. In reconnoitering for this move a large supplysupply-

of

supp-

lyof machinemechine, gun ammunition , already loaded in strips , waswas-

found

ast-

ound

was-

found

ast-

ound

was-

found

ast-

oundfound whichwhioh when distributed to the guns solved for thethe-

remainder

th-

ermion

the-

remainder

th-

ermion

the-

remainder

th-

ermionremainder of the fight what was threateningtlLreatening to become aa-

serious

s-

erious(30)30( ) Houghton , serious problem.problem. (30)30( ) Also during the morning an officerofficer-

of

office-

rp

offic-erP 7of "B"B" " Company , at the time in charge of the depot ata.tat-

Nesles

A-

ngeles

a.t-

Nesles

fa-

tnesses

at-

Nesles

A-

ngeles

.

NeslesNestles , waswa.s. killed while delivering supplies.suppliessupplies-supplies.-

All

supplies-

All

suppli-es

.-

All day detachmentsdetaohments of French troopstxoopstops , mostlymostly-

of

most-

ly backbe.okbeokbetookback-

over

bac-

khoe

be.ok-

over

beh-

oove

back-

over

bac-

khoe

.driftedDivisionsColonialOolonial ,of the lOtfclOth10thloftcloth anda.nd. 53d

over the west bridgebr1dgeabridge.,. During the afternoon a messagemessage-

was

messa-

ge concentratingconcentTAt1ng in thethe-

13

the-

12

the-

12

was received that the Germans were

-13-13-12-12-13-

P

-., . ..---' '''- '' - ' " -- "'- -- - . . ' .. - . ... . , ... ... .. . .

...--- - _ ... .... ... _ .-- .aroaroaero;-_- '- aa.r..0-4.Laa.r..0aar04.L4L". " .'.. "-" .*'", JWa.Ia.YL.UwJWaIaYLUwu4"';'oAIo.oAIooration' Ok.txaOktxaOta. .. : . :ajeftjetIi.GIiGIi"''.( 4lu.uJL4luuJL". J..iJi". ..11. i rL.rL;'; :..' . ' ..:, ..-.* .;:...:-"

. MW. .-., ... ,-,_ . .

, 'WW'_w-w..., _-_, _ _..-..WaM1WaM1.... ..( .. . ;,. .Mt... .>-

.< " . , . , .. . .. . 100W , ISM-OWISMOW- 0 .WW..-

Wr.Wr

W 1.1. . A-A- . . ya ILI-

Lrois

I-

ris

r.WrrWrrr. + + +.rarrarrare. a - .oo-+. . . ... - .- ...

Boisroisrios? de BarbillonBarbil10nCarillon northeast of the cityc1 ty ( MapMa.p. 2)2) ) andan . thatthat-a

tha-ta determined attack mimig.htmightmile-htmileht-

.ht be expected soon after darkda.rk. ,

the time depending on the readiness of artillery whichwhich-

waswhi-

chwhich-

waswhi-

chwhich-

waswhi-

chwas taking up positions ,00, o the north anda.nd. east.east. It wasvraserasvaswa-

salso

was-

sails

vra-

salso

vas-

salsera-

salso

ras-

calsalso learned that thethejerrr.ans-jerrr.ansjerrr.anserrr.anserrrans-:} . had crossed the river atat-

Jaulgonne

at-

Jaulgonne

at-

JaulgonneJaulgonneJargoned , some five miles to the east anand? nd thatth 1t fromfrom-

prisonersfrum-

pishnessfrom-

prisonersfrum-

pishnessfrom-

prisonersfrum-

pishnessprisoners captured there it was known that the two leftleft-Divisions

left-Divisions

left-DivisionsDivisions of triethetribe VII Army had orders to cross the LferneMarneFernArneLfern-

eat

Marn-

eat

Ferni-

est

Marin-

ate

Marn-

e(3t

Marn-

e3t

at Chateau ThierryTheory to gain a footholdfootholCi on the high groundground-

(3lgroun-

d3l

ground-

to

groun-

d(3l3l(3t3t(31)31( ; ) KoughtonoughtonHoughtonL: to the south.south. (3l3l(31)31(3t3t(31-

)Anticipating

31-

Anticipating

( )

Anticipating now, aa.. possible attack from the easteast-

"B"

eas-

tBea-

steastl-

iB"

east-

liB

ea-st

east-

"B"

eas-

tBea-

st"B"BliB"liB" " Company was ordered to wtchWGtchwatch? this flankfla.nflan. .cc. closely and toto-

be

t-oe

to-

be

t-oe

to-

be

t-oebe prepared to cover the remainder of the Battalion fromfrom-

positions

pro-

positions

from-

posi

ro-mps

from-

positions

pro-

positionspositionsposiposit tionsions southeauthdeathB:> uthRuth of EtampesTampers in case of aa.., withdrawal.withdrawalthdrawal.thdrawalthrallwi . BasedBased-

on

Bas-edon these orders second line positions were selected by thethe-

1st

the-

1st

the-

1st1st and 3d Platoon CommandersCOllin/andersCOllinanders/ during the afternoon.afternoonaftel'noon.aftelnoonafternoon.-

A

aftel'noon.-

A

aftelnoon-

A

afternoo-n

' .

A provisional platoon of four guns , three fromfrom-

"A"

fro-mA

fro-m

from-

nAil

fron-

tal

from-

"A"

fro-mA

fro-m"A"AnAil" " and one from "B"B" " Companies was also organized atat-

Battalion

a-

bstainat-

Battalion

a-

bstainat-

Battalion

a-

bstainBattalion Headquarters and placed on the weetwestwet end of thethe-

island

Th-

ailand

the-

island

Th-

ailand

the-

island

Th-

ailandisland under the executive officer of "B"B" " CompanyOompany to covercover-

that

over-

heat

cover-

ths.t

cov-erts

cover-

that

over-

heatthatths.tthsthast. flank.flank. Spare guns , two from each company but withoutwithout-

crews

with-out

wiwithout-

crews

with-out

thouttoutthout-

crews

thea-

trescrews were brought from NeslesNestles and held as a battalionba.ttalionbattalion-

reservebatta-

lionba.ttalion-

reservebatta-

lionbattalion-

reservebatta-

lion.

reserve at the CP.CPCP-

.By

CP-

.By

CP .

By the eveningeven1n ; of June 1st the guns of thethe-

Battalion

te-

arstainthe-

Battalion

te-

arstainthe-

Battalion

te-

arstainBattalion were distributed as follows from right to left.leftleft.-

See

lef-

tsleft.-

See

lef-

tsleft.-

See

lef-

ts.

( See Special MapMa.p. No 3 , AppendicesApp end1ces 5 andBndBand, 6)66)-

MB"

6-

MB

6)-

"B"

6-

B6)-

"B"

6-

B)

MB"MB"B"B" " CompanyOompany

4 guns east of railroadre.11ros.dre11ros.dre11rosd. . , 3d platoonpla.toon. , covering rightright-

flank

righ-

tfulright-

flank

righ-

tfulright-

flank

righ-

tfulflank of Battalion4 guns in buildings of sugar refinery covering riverriver-

and

Riv-era

river-

and

Riv-era

river-

and

Riv-eraand northern approaches to east bridge'bridge' , thesethese-

constituting

these-

constituting

these-

constitutingconstituting the 2dad PietoonPlatoonPitonPietoon-

13

Platoon-

13. .

'" : . . : : . . . .

'. : . . . ..: , .. . . :. . : . . . . . _ : . .. . _ . .. . . .I.I. ... ... .. ... .-11- ..._ .

_ ' _ ._ "*'* >&'' .'*<*''*1.1s.*'' . <'_r.>-w" ,, _._ . ..-13-13-13-... . .

13-s

13.I-.

13-I .. . ... . .

-_.- . ,. . ... . ... ... . . . . . . . . _ _ .. .. _. .. . __ .. . .. ._ . _ . . . ._ ._ . _ _ . . _.._ ... . . .. _ .. . . . . . . . .. ..

i-szzsssETSsnssr-iszzsssETSsnssriszzsssETSsnssrv::

:w- ,

: .. . i.i;.

:..

:...-:. A +

,t.t. .;'.r..s..r.rsrRR.

.... . . ...

171'171

.:.....

'

.

_.....-.. n.wnw,,., .

...-...

... .

..-vv.JJ-".. . .

,....y.wyw:..,

.

.:.,.

,

.

.,..._ass""..rrrr. ...

.

._,

_.._"> r.w.rw. .l....tIotrio

. .#.

_

._..

.

.

.44.

:.:.Y.o.Yo. ..''r.--'r.r'-

r.(32)

r-

32

'.sssrsss... ._.;. .

.:.":,. .

...oo. .

.... . .

._.._ ...

.._..t't...t'v...' ..._.

....r.wrerwrerewirer.wre.w-.........:. "

.:.

..... ....-..+.

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. -.w.w-:--." .stet_-

:wrrywry + . . .' wr_+ . r.r.

.

..... wfylNMtFlynn_.

_r_+. .r.r...._. .r.r. ,. ._.NN. .. .> . . .:. ,. . . .

_

,,

_.. .WW.. . . . . -v.v.-

. _.Tt, .. . . .

_.'. :-I

'_"U'AUA'

.......

.

J12.-_*

. .1.l11l1. .

..._.. , ..UJUUNJUST-,,-;

.tl. ... ....

..

.

.-.

. ._ __

.

4 guns along CrezancyCreamy roadroedroodrobed endand in railroad yard , 1st1st-

Platoon1st-

Platoon"

1st-

Platoon1st-

PlatoonPlatoonPlatoon"," covering southern exit andend enfiladingenfilading-east

enfiladi-ngeast bridge.bridgebridge.-

"A"

bridg-

eA

bridg-

e.IIbrid-

ge.

"A"AII" A II" CompanyOompany

2 guns near east end of island crossingcross1n fire withwithl-

iB

with-

alwith-

"B"

wit-hB

wi-th11"liB"B"BB It" CompanyOompany

2 guns in yard at center of Company sector enfiladingenfila.dingenfilading-opposite

enfila-ding

enfila.ding-

oppositeenfila-

dingenfilading-

oppositeenfila-

ding.

opposite street cndendnda? nd square north of west bridge2 guns in warehouse enfilading river and square

2 guns north of river.riverriver.-

Provisional

river.-

Provisional

river.-

Provisional

.

Provisional Platoon4 guns in park at west end of island covering west flank.flankflank.-

Company

flank.-

Oompany

flank.-

Company

.

CompanyOompany reserves

23 guns ( two from A Co ) without crewscrewecrewed at Co00 B'sBs' CP.CPOP.OP.

1 gun at Company, A'sAsA'A' s CP.CPoP.oPC-

P.Battalion

oP-

.Battalion

CPC-

PBattalion

.

Battalion reserves

4 guns without crewscrews"crews," two from each company ata t BnEn OPCPOP-

GERMAN

BO-

GEYMAN

CP-

GERMAN

OP-

GERMAN

BO-

GEYMANGERMAN MAIN ATTACKATTAOIATTAINATTACK-

At

ATTAO-

IAt

Atta-

ck

Attai-

ntAt dusk the German artillery increased its firefirei-

ncludingfirei-

ncludingfirei-

ncludingincluding for the first time some guns of hea.vyheavy. calibre.calibrecalibercalibre-

.Counterbattery

calibre-

.Counterbattery

calibre-

.Counterbattery

.

Counter-batteryCounterbattery- fire from a few exhausted French ba.tteriesbatteriesba.tteries-

of

batteries-of

batteri-es

.,

of 75's75s' south of EtampesTampersEtampTamp es offered slight encouragement.encouragementencouragement.-

At

encourageme-

nt

.

(32)32( ) HoughtonHoughton"Houghton"-pHoughton-pHoughto-n

," At 8:40840: PtoPMPo?M (32)32( ) the FrenchFrenoh Machine Gun Company designateddesignated-

Pdesignated-

to

designate-

dP 7

to occupyocoupy the gap on the island between "A"AnA"nA" " CompanyOompany and thethe-

Provisional

te-

levisionthe-

Provisional

te-

levisionthe-

Provisional

te-

levisionProvisional Platoon having been put out of action CompanyCompany"-

AM

Company-

AM

Company-

"A"

Compan-

yA

Compa-

ny"AMAM"A"A" 1"1" was ordered to occupy this sector with half its guns.gunsguns-

.Assembling

guns-

.Assembling

guns-

.Assembling

.

Assembling one gun fromfrQm each section on thethe-

island

Th-

ailand

the-

island

Th-

ailand

the-

island

Th-

ailandisland and the gunArunArum in companyoompany reserve , the CaptainOaptain and9.nd9nd. aa-

lieutenant

l-

ieutenant

a-

lieutenant

l-

ieutenant

a-

lieutenant

l-

ieutenantlieutenant reconnoitredreoonnoitredreconnoitered the buildings west of Rue CarnotCannotCarnot-

and

Caro-

tid

Carnot-

and

Caro-

tid

Carnot-

and

Caro-

tidand the adjacentadjaoent park , selecting two gun positions nearnear-

14

near-

14

near-

14-14-14- 141-

71'

141-

71

14.-

o'

14-

o

-. . . . . .

. . .. . . , . . . . . . . ..

. . ... . . . . . . . ,' . , ,,, ,

. .. - A.A....I.I. I . .!" .c.c. . . :. . '. . ;. . . . . . .. . .. . . : ; . ,'. . I.I. . , .- .

. . '. .

' :. . . . . . . .

" ; .J'J. . , ': : ' -. . _. .

: : ' '. . . .

' . ... .. :. .. . ... .. . . . . . . . . '':; ' :. .--: .;:' . :.o'o. '. ' ,: _ ' .:. . : .. ..r.r.. . . .11. . :" ; ... :: : . . ; . '. . .. _ ' . . . :: . : . :' : : ;' ' ' : : ':' '; ' ; : : - : :: : .r.r : : ": '

I.I-y.

.'... 1Ii'.1'11Ii.111Ii11'.

.. ' tMIMI! a ,!. "",,, '22'.ar.-22ar.22'.ar.22ar':. .:....-;. ' . .

*' 1*< ....

.. ' . _ . . . ,. , , .. __

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: !- - - - 'I'I'7i"II7i' ' ' " Al""I&WW& " ; "" < i.fP.ifPif. y. "jarjar.".aS3r..... ?'oJ'oJ' ;' .t.t..t."Il'l.'waSiEiwayside'.. : W" , ,M1,M-

1r.w

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. .'OO'". . " " 1.t--.MI.1.t1t.MI.?:"-". .

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--. ' "'_' ''.

'..:-.._ ...no _

.'WW'WW'

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r.wrw-. . . - .- - . . . . . -- . .-- .

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.....'..... . . -

'j'M'jM*... ?. '. .

"

:!

the south end of triethetribe west bridge firing from 3a cellarcellarw-

indowClar-

indacellarw-

indowClar-

indacellarw-

indowClar-

indawindow end two others in thethepark.hearpark.park-park.-

. DuringDurinbDurian this timetime-

machine

imp-

eachingtime-

machine

imp-

eachingtime-

machine

imp-

eachingmachine n fire from the bluffgun and shell fire were concon-co-nstantly

co-nstantly

co-nstantly

¬-stantlyscantly increasing.increasing. In guidingg idinbOdin the squads to theirtheir-positions

ther-mosetting

their-positions

ther-mosetting

their-positions

ther-mosettingpositions a corporal and a gunner accompanying the CaptainCaptamCapstanCaptain-

were

Captam-

wereCapt-

ainCaps-

tanwere killed.killedkill ed.ed. An officer was placedplacplace ed vitnwithvainv i tl1 each pair of gune.gunegllns.gllnsguns.guns.gunnedgallonsgune.-

A

gllns.-

A

guns.-

A

guine-

agallon-

sgun-

s.

A hot engagementen sgementsegment nadhadnada now developed north of thethe-

riverth-

rivethe-

riverth-

rivethe-

riverth-

riveriver on the entire front from the foot of the bluff toto-

thet-

ote

to-

thet-

ote

to-

thet-

otethe eastern outskirts of tnethetine city.city. TheTile French , aided byby-

theb-

yteby-

theb-

yteby-

theb-

ytethe A Company section were contesting desperatelyd.esperately. andJndNd werewere-

being

wee-

pingwere-

being

wee-

pingwere-

being

wee-

pingbeing forced oack.oackbeck.beckback.backoak. Just before 10:001000: PM the battle lineline-

reached

inte-

ractedline-

reached

inte-

ractedline-

reached

inte-

ractedreached the scuaresquarescare, north of the west bridge.bridge. FrenchFrenc-

hsoldiers

Free-holders

Frenc-

hsoldiers

Free-holders

Frenc-

hsoldiers

Free-holderssoldiers v/ithdrewvithdrewwithdrew/ over this bridge fighting hand to handhand-

with

band-

width

hand-

with

band-

width

hand-

with

band-

widthwith the Germans endand the artillery lifted to the southsouth-

shore

outs-

coresouth-

shore

outs-

coresouth-

shore

outs-

coreshore makingmakinrMainer: it practicellypra.ctice.llypractically. . untenable.untenable . Then , withwi th aa-

deafening

d-

eafening

a-

deafenin

d-

eafening

a-

deafening

d-

eafeningdeafeningdeafenin explosion the bridge flew into the air carryingcarrying-

both

carry-ing(33)33( ) Dickman/Dickman/DickDickmanbothDickmaItiDickDickmaIti-

p,/ both French andend CJennansGermansJennings with it.it. (33)33(33-

)p

33-p

(33)-

So

33-So

( )

p 50 VVVSo far the guns of Company "A"A"AllAll" " had not fired.firedfired.-

With

fir-ed

fired.-

With

fir-ed

fired.-

with

fir-ed

.

With the explosion as their signal , they now opened onon-

the

M-

onte

on-

the

M-

onte

on-

the

M-

ontethe Germans who were massed in the square waiting to rushrush-

the

rust-

ed

rush-

the

rust-

ed

rush-

the

rust-

edthe bridge but wnowino insteadinstea melted into the dark leavingleaving-

many

leavi-ng(34)34( ) Houghton , many mute witnesses to American marksmanship.marksmanshiprksmanship.rksmanshipm . (34)34(34)-

v34-

v

(34)-

P

34-P

(34)-

Twice

34T-

wice

( )

vp> Q9Twice again the Germans massed in the square , their higherhigherc-

ommanders

highero-

ommanders

higherc-

ommanderscommandersoommanders eitherei therether not realizing tnattne.ttnetthatnatnet. thet.tlettletitle. bridge wasViasVials gonegone-

or

gon-

eror believing that it1t could still be crossed on the wreckage.wreckagewreokage.wreokagewreckage.-

Each

wreokage.-

Each

wreck-age

.

Each time by the light of burdngbuDingburringburdenbudding buildings they were disdis-daisdis-

persed

dis-

persed

dis-

persed

¬-

persedperused withwi th great losses.losses. ( See Appendx6)Appendx6AppendixAppendx6)FR-

EKOH

Appendx6FR-

EKOH

Append1! x 6)66)-

FRENOH

6F-

RENOH

6)-

FRENOH

6F-

RENOH

)

FREKOHFRENOHFREAKISHFRESNO WITHDRAWALWITHDRAWAWITHDRAW TO SOUTH OF MARNSMARNIMARNEMANSMARIARNEMARN-

Stet

Marin-

ate

MARN-

Itet

Marm-

ite

MARN-

ELet

Man-

ueltetLetstet us turn again to the situation north of thethe-

river

th-

rive

the-

river.

te-

rrier

the-

river.

te-

rrierriverriver.,. Lateate in the afternoon the Germans captured thethe-

chateau.

th-

ecae(35)35(36)36( ) Bissell chateau.chateau. (35)35( ) This gave them machinemeohineMoines, gun commandcorm-nandcormnand- of thethe-

15

the-

15

the-

15: . :. '" .'- ' 1"1. .". ._ ' . .r.r. . . ' " t.t! .' . . :_ . '. ,. . r.

. .' .!...' . ; ' :." ." u :.II.II'Al.Al' . " . :. . ' :. .

. . ;. ' . 1., . . ..:. . . ; . , . 'V.V.' ....

. . r. ' 'JJ.J'J'J'. "' . 'tt't erflT.lTr.1tr1t. f, :..+ . :11:

-15-15-f . . .w./.w._.

15'-J

15-J

15.-J

151-

"15-

1 .w.r._. . (./ .

-. r.r:" 'h'h'. ..' r.l.rl_ . /:. . '

. M.. ;: ". . . ' . .. ." . . ... .vv. .. w.w..,;. ... . ' . ' , .. . . .J.J. .. . . .:. .

.. ; ; . . ...

. .. .

..

. "i'i" ' , : . . .11. : ' ..: . '\, ' . .

. . " ".

. . , . .. ..

. .t't. ' ':' . :.. ..

" t . "

r <

' "LEW.LEWLE" ! .lL.lL. . j.w..i.jwiwi_. . ..t.ItI. . '?' .:':. -:_.

'_m "iiiuLJi'jAiiiuLJijA" _ ___ _ '_ . .-rLrL.

- 'LJtLMiuiiyiMiiByit'wwLJtLMiuiiyiMiiByitww': L 'MM' !.. aIL.af.tlaILaftlpalatal. ' . ! . . """ 4l1.h.'Ilc.I-s.4l1hIlcIs.4l1.h.'Ilc.I4l1hIlcIs.. . . ' .-

.. ... . ._Jt..M.JtMTMJt..M.I.... ... . wwjwjwAf.,. .. .-II- :. ... *.g.ql.f.gqlfgolf.* .* *. .

[.>*' ..wwmmVvwm. ,CJI.U'\CJI.U'CJIUCAJUN.

,"

, ''\(. * I.III. , liww-

entire

e-

ntire

11_ . .- -_ . ..- . ... .. . . .- -- - .- .- . . . . .- _ . --- .

entire city.city. The French liajorMajorlabor commanding north of thethe-

Marne

th-eatre

the-

Maxne

he-nbane

the-

Marne

th-eatreMarneMaxneArneMaxine at this time reported his situation as hopelesshopeless-

and

hopele-ssand twice requested authority to withdraw.withdraw. Receiving non-

oreplies

m-

oralizes

n-

oreplies

m-

oralizes

n-

oreplies

m-

oralizesreplies to hiehishide requests , at 7:30730: PM he ordered a withwith-with-

drawal

with-

drs.wal

with-

drawal

with-

drawal

¬-

drawaldrs.waldrswaldrawldorsal. on hiehishide own initiative.initiativeinimini tia.titiatiTinactin. ve.ve. The A CompanyOompany section ,

both guns now at the tower , was to cover the withdrawalwithdrawal-

outpostedwithd-

rawalwithdrawal-

outpostedwithd-

rawalwithdrawal-

outpostedwithd-

rawaloutpostedoutpost by some twenty Senegalese.Senegalese. At 9:009009:809809 : 0 PM thethe-

withdrawal(36)36( ) Bissell withdrawal started.started. (36)36( ) There waswa.s. no pressure againstagainst-

theagai-

nstthe outpost but heavyhea.vy. machine gun fire passed over tneirti1eirtheirtiniertneir-

heads

neig-

hedti1eir-

heads

their-

heads

hei-ressheads from the chateau.chateau. Keeping under cover the sectionsection-

withdrew

secti-onalist

section-

withdrew

secti-onalist

section-

withdrew

secti-onalistwithdrew each gun separately , the officer goinggoin vithwithithitchv; thethe-

last.

th-

eistthe-

la.st.

th-etas

the-

last.

th-

eistlast.lastla.st.. .

On coming in sight of the west bridgebr1d0e hehe-

noticed

e-

nticed

he-

noticed

e-

nticed

he-

noticed

e-

nticednoticed great confusion at triethetribe square.square. Rifle fire brokebroke-

out.

break-

out

broke-

out.

break-

out

broke-

out.

break-

outout.out. He found his other squad under cover on the riverriverb-

ank.

river-

bank

riverb-

ank.

river-

bank

riverb-

ank.

river-

bankbank.bank. Then a machinema.chine. gun enfiladed the street strikingstriking-

many

striki-ngmany of the French and to cap the climaxclimaslimas , the bridge blewblew-

up.

blow-

up

blew-

up.

blow-

up

blew-

up.

blow-

upup.up. Hugging the walls both French and Americans workedworke-

dtheir

wor-ked

worke-

dtheir

wor-ked

worke-

dtheir

wor-kedtheir way to the east bridge.bridge. A French officer askedasked-

him

ask-ed

asked-

him

ask-ed

asked-

him

ask-edhim to warn the Americans south of the river not to fire.firefire.-

With

fi-re

fire.-

With

fi-re

fire.-

With

fi-re

.

With a few men he went out on the bridge and called butbut-

was

be-

tas

but-

was

be-

tas

but-

was

be-

taswas greeted by a fresh burst of fire.fire. This continued forfor-

over

for-

ever

for-

over

for-

ever

for-

over

for-

everover twenty minutes.minutes. A GermanGer1T.snGer1TsnGerira.nGeriranGeorgian. ,. gun to the right rear alsoalso-

fired

fals-

ified

also-

fired

fals-

ified

also-

fired

fals-

ifiedfired and severalseveEal French sndendandsand Americans were wounded.wounded. HeHe-

examined

H-

examine

He-

examined

H-

examine

He-

examined

H-

examineexamined the stream with a view to swimming but thethe-

current

th-eorem

the-

cuxrent

the-

current

th-eoremcurrentcuxrent was too swift andB.ndBndBand. would have swept them west toto-

the

t-ote

to-

the

t-ote

to-

the

t-otethe fighting theyth y had just left.leftleft.-

When

le-ft

left.-

When

le-ft

left.-

When

le-ft

.

When the firing ceased he againageinageing, calledcall ed and nownow-

received

now-

reoeived

un-

wearied

now-

receivedreceivedreoeived a reply from the lieutenant commandingoommanding the 2d2d-

platoon

2d-

platoon

2d-

platoonplatoon of B CompanyOompany who then crossed the bridge withwiths-

ome

lithes-

ome

withs-

ome

lithes-

ome

withs-

ome

lithes-

omesome men and assistedassiste in gettingettincetin thosethor.ethoreThorpe. who remained ofof-

16

of-

16

of-

16.... '.. ' : - ::...._' : .. : : .... . _ . . ' ' -

, ' ' .- ' "

. . , . . . . . ... . . . . . . , . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . .-16-16-

_

16-

r

-. .

.. . . . . . . . . . .

; ; : ; ' : : " : : :: : - : :': : : : " ; : ; : : - : ';; ' ' ' ; : : ':': ' ':-. ' : '. . ' ;;' . ';: _ . . .. .' . . . . . . - -; . .' . . : ;: . .. : : : . ' . . . . . ; . : _ . . . ., .. ..:.. _ < . . ' \.I..I.\ . ., ! ' .

. . ... : . : .AA

. :. . . '; ' : "- " .

t,

.: :-

::: '- "' . - "" .. ....... . . , ...- '. . . . . . .

- -I

[

. .

'. . .-

.

_" . . '_ . .- . . .

.- .- . . . . -_ . , _

. . _ . :e ,,_.. .. . 1jj .....l'U_ . .'

"

.

""

.

' . .- ..... .___

. ..... ._ - _ I

_ _ .' " ' "

' " , - . _... .. _.. _... . . . _._ . .y_y-

the

t-

he

---::::--_ . -J

.

.lflf

.- -

the A CompanyOompany section safelyEfelyEelyE -felyfelyfelly- b.ck.bckb.ck"back.::. ." ItsIt S countiesCasu.21Casu21ca.sucasucasual. . tieslties werewere-

one

wher-

eon

were-

one

wher-

eon(37)37( ) Bissell one killed pndendandpond seven v.-ounced.v.ounced.ounded.oundedwounded.woundedbouncedbounded.- . (37)37(37)-

Meanwhile

37M-

eanwhile

((37)-

Meanwhile

37M-

eanwhile

(37)-

Meanwhile

37M-

eanwhile

)

Meanwhile in B Company artillery fire had, beenbeen-

asbe-

ns

been-

asbee-

nabe-

ns

bee-

nasa s intense as on A Company'sCompanysOompa.ny'sOompanysCompany. ' front and the 2d PlatoonPl3toon had-

joined

adj-

oinedhad-

joined

adj-

oinedhadhad-

joined

adj-

oinedjoined in the fire follofollowfollowintfollowingintdint; the destruction of the bridgebrldgbrldg-

a.nticipatint,

anticipatinga.nticipatintanticipatintanticipation. ; an attack on the east bricge.bricgebridge.bridgebricebriCiEbriCE e.e. In a lull hehe-

heard

re-

heard

he-

b.eard

H-

erbert

he-

heard

re-

heardheardb.eardbeard. the call "CeaseCease" firing"firingII" in EnglishEngliBengali ell from acrossa.cross. ttethetotette-

Marne

ste-

mware

the-

Ma.rne

th-eatre

the-

Marne

th-eatreMarneMa.rneArne. but realistrealizing-realizing-,realizinrealizingrealizingthatrealizing[ that many GermansGermens spokepoke English endanden-

dunftlliarEn-

dunfarilE-

nsnarland-

unfamiliarunftlliarunfamiliarunmilitaryunfarilunfairly(} ar with A Company.CompanyOompany'OompanyCompany'sCompanys.' ,E : lltt.llttliht"lihtplightliltlight? [* .", he believed thist 1is toto-

e

to-

be

t-oe

to-

be

t-oe*bee a ruse and to be safe he opened fire.fire. Again nearinghearingnearing-

the

hearing-

theneari-

ngheari-

ngthe call he crept close to the aterwaterafter, and now recognizedrecognized-

his

recogniz-

edhis name.namene.me.nemenee. . Convinced novnow, thattha.t. somethingaOn1ethinf was wrong , hehe-

8UBpended

he-

su

rhe-

sus

he-

suspended

e-

ssence8UBpendedsuspendedsu pendedupended fire with his Lrunsns andendnd led a patrol across thethe-

bridge

He-

brides

the-

bridge"

the-

bridgeHe-

brides(39)39( ) CobbeyObey bridgebridge"," where he fountfounfound?. the A Company .roup.roupgroup.groupcroup. . (39)39(39)-

The

39T-

he(39)-

The

39T-

he(39)-

The

39T-

he

( )

The GermnsGermans pursuincpursuinpursuing; closely also crossed andand-

though

sa-

ndhog

and-

tbough

ha-

ndbag

and-

though

sa-

ndhogthoughtboughbough the 2d PlatoonPl toonton Oo.OoOommenOmenCoawisnderCocaine. * er.. wa.swas.. rtleablerattle to again bringbring-

the

brigh-

ten

bring-

the

brigh-

ten

bring-

the

brigh-

tenthe bridge under fire they penetrated to the ChancyOrezancyCrezancyMordancyCreamy road.roadroad.-

To

roa-

droad.-

To

roa-

droad.-

To

roa-

d.

To the Captain of CompanyOompany B the situationtuationtuitiona1 appearedappeal'edappealed' desper-

ate.

desper-

ate

desperdesper-deeperdesper-

ate.

desper-

ate

¬-

ate.ate,. Runners sent to Battalion OPCP failed to return.return. HisHis-

own

Dis-

own

His-

ovm

Iso-

mer

His-

ovm

Iso-

merownovmovum reconnaissance and the report of the A CompanyOompany tieuten-tieutenLieuten-LieutenTibetanLieutenanttieuten-

ant

lieuten-

ant

Lieuten-

ant

-

ant of his experiences con.inoedconinoedconvineedcorxvineedconfinedconvincedcorvine. fthithi'hi*' that without riflerifles-

upportrif-

flesrifles-

upportrif-

flesrifles-

upportrif-

flessupport B CompaqCompanyOompeOomph y could not avoid capture and waswa-

stive

wai-

stline

ineffec-ineffecineffectiveineffec-

tive

ineffec-

tive

-

tivetie in its present positions-positionspositions.positionsMoreoverpositions-. Moreover failure to gaing-

ainrrmrjrg-

ainergain-

contact

gain-

contactcontact with the Battalion CP- implied- that they had moved ,rrm-r-jrrrmrjrrr:riprobably to the rear and his orders had been to cover suchsuch-

a

suc-

hLra withdrawal.withdrawal . He- thereforerjr.-rr-rrjr.rrrsent verbal messages- by runnerrunner-

to

runn-

erto hiehishide platoons , directing the 1stlstlast and 3d. to withdraw- toto-

the

t-ote

to-

the

t-otethe- second line position and the 2d ', still , he 'hoped ,crrr'---crrr'crrrcrrr'-rr crrr-rrcomma.ndingcommanding. the bridge , to cover the withdrawal.thdrawalwithdrawal.withdrawalthrall-- . With- thethe-

men

the-

me

the-

men

the-

merrmen B.tBtat.:the:: mcompany OPCP

;he- then--followed- the -CrezancyCreamy roadroad-

to

roa-

d

road-

to

roa-

d*

,00to, the. BSBatBattalionalionlionio.io. CPOP 'in Pla.cePlace.- Ca.rnotCarnotCannot. in" e.nenan". 'effort""' to" ei4gaingain-

contact

gain-

contact

°

contact. 4.4. witiiwithwitticism4 + * thet e rerestt ofof.. the battalionbattalion.battalion.-

17

battalion-

17

,.

-17-17- 174-

.

17'-

o

17-

o

-'"' ". . '. .. .. " . . . . . . .

,. .. . . .. .. . .

' 'oo'. ." -= _ . . ... .. .... ,

., . .- ' 4.4. ?= JL"lJLlJill*" '" 'TiT-

it

.r.r " ' "'"':""'. " ,."O'O" ' .'." . ,

. . , ,, .,, . . . . . . . . . .' . ..zz '" "". , . ., . ." " '"- " "'''''' '' '' 'oo' " .-, . ." ", "

.., .." .. . . . . ' 'o'o' ' . . . . J

5=.. ....--.p..p.-=- .

-

. S.jj. .. . _" "'.;.a_.. . ._' . .- d.. _.-;

.. . ._ .- -.._...:.:=. _:

.o"o. ."_ -.

" "

, ,"

_-.t.t..t.-

.p.

.-__

.._!._ . .

.

._. . . - . . .-. <ggf.. .. . , -.., .-ff-. . .

,

. *...

*:--tt-.

-. :

.

""!

* _> .

,.-._rt. ._.......... s .n . . . . _ _. r-ssosacrssosacsoak." ._-... . ;, .. .. , '- * 4--4* 4 iu.\MKiu.MK\- TVA.vMjLiuTVAvMjLiu;a.a - '- * M ' ' " * ** ' "i-"ii 11 f; tiVjij"" r'rr'-

RIGHT

r-

RIGHT

R-

IGHT

'uffjcuffjcbuff'uff-

jcRIGHT

uffj-

cRIGHT

su-

fficing

_. . . ._ . ._ . _ _ _ ._ . . . . . . . . . . . .

_ _.- :.:. ::. :

. . . :: . . . .

: :. . _

RIGHT FEAKKFUNKFREAKF A POSITIONS REGAINEDREGAINE-

DThough

Rega-

ined

REGAINE-

DThough

Rega-

ined

REGAINE-

DThough

Rega-

inedThough under heavyhea.vy. firefil'efilef ire' the battalionba.tta.lion. . CPOP hadhad-

not

han-

dout

had-

not

han-

dout

had-

not

han-

doutnot moved and CompanyOompany B vasv.a.sv.as. . directeddirected to regainega1nr its1 ts formerformer-

positions.

foreor-

dinations

former-

positions.

foreor-

dinations

former-

positions.

foreor-

dinationspositions.positions. The CaptainCapta.in. vithf'ithfithithitchfaithv ' the battalion reserve ofofffourfour-

guns

out-guns

four-

guns

out-guns

0 urur-

guns

ur-

gingsguns manned by his headcuartersheadquarters personnel and such men asas-

were

ans-

wered

as-

were

ans-

wered

a ss-

were

s-

wervewere available in Battalion Headquarters returned eastwardea.stardeastward-

on

eastwa-

rd

ea.st\ea.steast. \ ardWardard-

on

pard-

onon the CrezancyOrezancyCreamyMordancy road hugging the walls of the buildings.buildingsbuildings.-

On

buildin-gs

.

On approaching the east bridge , firingfirinsfiringsf irinKirin - wasvas;, heard anda.nd. oneone-

of

ne-

oone-

of

ne-

oone-

of

ne-

oof his men was wounded.woundedwounde. A gun was mounted andnd fired downdow-

nthe

don-

ate

dow-

nthe

don-

ate

dow-

nthe

don-

atethe road to tnethetine east ( k ) and the remainder of the platoonpla.toonplatoon-

turned

plat-oon

pla.toon-

turned

plat-oon

platoon-

turned

plat-oon

.

turned south toward tnethetine railroad , followingfollowinfollowinL ; the tracks toto-

a

toa-

d

to-

a

toa-

da point oppositeoppooppose 81 t e the bridge.bridge. TneTo.eToeTheTine:. gun on the CrezancyCreamy roadl'oadloadroad-

now

Rom-

ano

l'oad-

now

load-

now

Loz-

ano

road-

now

Rom-

ano

'

now barred the platoon'splatoonspls.toonlplstoonlplatoon.' s furtnerfurther advance.advancea vance.vance. Germans ,

recognized by their nelmetshelmets , could be seen betreenbetweenbrethrenbet eenen the roadroad-

and

broad-

band

road-

and

broad-

band

road-

and

broad-

bandand the river.river. A few French were in the railroad yards.yardsyards-

.Uncertain

yards-

.Uncertain

yards-

.Uncertain

.

Uncertain whether the 2d Platoon had as yet withdrawnthdrawnthrownwi , , aa-

gun

g-

un

a-

gun

g-

un

a-

gun

g-

ungun was mounted totc cover the bridgebricbaric : e carefully avoiding.voidingvoiding. thethe-

refinery.

th-

ereinthe-

refinery.

th-

ereinthe-

refinery.

th-

ereinrefinery.refinery. This drove the Germans under cover behind somesom-

erailroad

som-

ersaulted

som-

erailroad

som-

ersaulted

som-

erailroad

som-

ersaultedrailroad fills.fills. After stopping the fire of the gung n on thethe-

Crezancy

T-

heresa

the-

Crezancy

T-

heresa

the-

Crezancy

T-

heresaCrezancyCreamy roadroa.d. , the CaptainCapta.in. of B ComppnyCompanyComp ? ny withVIi th a small petrolpetrol-

moved

pet-rol

petrol-

moved

pet-rol

petrol-

moved

pet-rolmoved to the refinery only to find the 3d2d PlatoonPla.toon. gone.gonegone-

.Returning

con-

certinaing

gone-

.Returning

con-

certinaing

gone-

.Returning

con-

certinaing

.

Returning he mounted another gun northnortnNorton of the road near thethe-

railroad

th-

ermalthe-

railroad

th-

ermalthe-

railroad

th-

ermalrailroad crossingcroBsing andB.ndBndBand. the combined fire of these guns drovedrove-

the

dro-ve

drove-

the

dro-ve

drove-

the

dro-vethe remaining Germans acrossacrOBScarOBS the bridge.bridge. The guns werewere-

then

eart-

hen

were-

then

eart-

hen

were-

then

eart-

henthen moved to the refinery and sunken gardenga.rden. from wherewhere-

they

whe-

reat

where-

they

whe-

reat

where-

they

whe-

reatthey held the south bank until daylight when the remainderremainder-

of

remaind-

erof the company vaewasvale; reestablished in its former positions.positionspositions.-

Later

positi-ons

positions-

.ater

positi-ons

positions.-

Later

positi-ons

.

Lateraterafter investigation showed thattbatbat the runners , becoming conoon-ooncon-oncon-

fused

oon-

fused

con-

fused

con-

fused

¬-

fused , had delivered the CompanyOompany Commander'sCommandersOommander'sOommanders' order asas-

"Withdraw

as-

Withdraw

s-

witched

as-

"Withdraw

as-

Withdraw

s-

witched

as-

nwithdraw

s-

nitched"WithdrawWithdrawnwithdraw" at once"once" to all platoons.platoonspla.toons.. . The interval betweenbetween-

the

betwe-

enthe 2d Platoon'sPlatoons' withdrawalwith rawalKraal and the Captain'sCaptains' return waswas-

18

was-

18

was-

18-18-18--18-18-

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18-

Io'

18-

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18-

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18-

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--- -

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hardly morewore thanth9n twenty minutes.minutes. Fortunately no greatgreat-

harm

grah-am

great-

harm

grah-am

great-

harm

grah-amharm was done but the valueva.1va1. ue of telephone communicationcomrnunicationcommunication-

and

comrnunication-

endcommunicat-

ionandend the unreliabilityunreliab1li ty of verbal messagesmessag'es' is1s clearlycle8.rlycle8rly. shown.shownshown.-

OPERATIONS

shown.-

OPERATIONS

shown.-

OPERATIONS

.

OPERATIONS JUNE 2d and 3d3d-

With

3d-

With

3d-

WithWith one bridgeoriHori ge destroyed andondand.bond. both forcesorcesforces somesome-some-

what

some-

what

some-

what

¬-what demoralized by the night'snights' fighting , the dayd y of JuneJune-

2d

June-

2d

June-

2d2d passed quietly.quietly. Occasional shells fell but did nono-

material

no-

nmaterial

no-

material

no-

nmaterial

no-

material

no-

nmaterialmaterial damage.damagede.mage.demage. . At dark , however , an observer waswa.s. placedplaced-

nearlarce-

nerplaced-

neerlarce-

nerplaced-

nearlarce-

nernearneerne'er the eastes.atesateat. bridgebricbaric .gege. to prevent surprise and at 10SO10:301030: PMPM-

he

Ph-

ew

PM-

he

Ph-

ew

PM-

he

Ph-

ewhe signalledsignaledsigsigh alledallied movement near its north approaches.approaches . Fire wasweswas-

opened

as-pen

wes-

opened

we-

akened

was-

opened

as-penopened by all guns covering the area in Question cnocribCanon forfor-

thefo-

rtefor-

thefo-

rtefor-

thefo-

rtethe balance of the night no efforts were nademade< to cross.crosscross.-

On

Cress-

on

cross.-

On

Cress-

on

cross.-

On

Cress-

on

.

On June 3d a markedma.rked. increase of activitya..ctiviactiviactivism. . ty waswa.swas-

observed

ab-

sorberwa.-

sobserved

was-

observed

ab-

sorber.

observed among the Germans in the eastern fringesfr1nes[ of thethe-

city.

th-

eistthe-

city.

th-

eistthe-

city.

th-

eistcity.city. Newly placed macninemachine guns enfiladed streetsstl'eetsstleetssleets' andand-

open

and-

rogen

and-

open

and-

rogen

and-

open

and-

rogenopen areasa.reas. anda.nd. forced B Company to shift the positionsposiposit tionetone ofof-

itsfi-

tsof-

itsfi-

tsof-

itsfi-

tsits guns in several instances.instances . However , these changeschanges-

werechan-

geswere made to cover the same sectors , generally movingmoving-

from

mov-ing

moving-

from

mov-ing

moving-

from

mov-ingfrom one building to another.another. An attempt at long rangerang-

efire

rangef-

inder

rang-

efire

rangef-

inder

rang-

efire

rangef-

inderfire at some trenches about 80002000 yards away failed toto-

justifyo-

bjectify

to-

justifyo-

bjectify

to-

justifyo-

bjectifyjustify the expenditure of ammunitiona.mmunition. due to the instabilityinstability-of

instabilit-yof the HotchkissHocks mounts.mountsmounts-

.During

outso-

urcing

mounts-

.During

outso-

urcing

mounts-

.During

outso-

urcing

.

During this day a platoon of SenagaleseSenegalese troopstroops-

gave

troo-ps

troops-

gave

troo-ps

troops-

gave

troo-psgave a striking example of sniping.sniping. These men scarcelyscarcelyr-

emoved

scar-cely

scarcelyr-

emoved

scar-cely

scarcelyr-

emoved

scar-celyremoved from their savagesava.ge. state on the west coast of AfriAfricaFriAfri-

have

Afr-

icaAfrica-

have

Affric-

ative

.

have remarkable eyesight.eyesight. With faces scarred in fantasticfantastiofantastic-

patternsfanta-

sticalfantastio-

patternsfanta-

sticalfantastio-

patternsfanta-

sticalpatterns and polished ivory ornaments in their ears andand-

noses

end-

orses

and-

noses

end-

orses

and-

noses

end-

orsesnoses , they took keen delight in exhibiting strings ofof-

shrivelled

of-

shrivelled

of-

shrivelledshrivelledshriveled brown humanhuma.n. ears cut from their OermanGermanBerman victimsvictims-

and

victi-ms

victims-

and

victi-ms

victims-

and

victi-msand worn on a string around their necks.necksnecks-

.Standing

nece-

ssitating

necks-

.Standing

nece-

ssitating

necks-

.Standing

nece-

ssitating

.

Standing behind trees they fired on GermansGern-anaGernanaGerm- atat-

19

at-

19

a t

-19-1919--_ 19.-

v.

19-

v

19-

f

19-

1

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ifliiidistances

" . . . . n.t.ntn.t.w-

oo. . .

distancesstancesdi up to 800 yards.yardsya.rds... AtA t the longerlonerlone er rangesra.nges. theythey-

selectedtess-

ellatedthey-

selectedtess-

ellatedthey-

selectedtess-

ellatedselected aa.., point on a road where men frecuentlyrecuentlyfrequentlyrecentlyf passed.passedpe.ssed.pessedpressedpassed.-

Seeing

pas-sed

pe.ssed-

.Seeing

passed.-

Seeing

pas-sed

. .

Seeing a man vanish behinc1behinCbehinc'behind' some brush and knowing that hehe-

would

Sh-

erwood

he-

would

Sh-

erwood

he-

would

Sh-

erwoodwould appeara.ppea.r. . on the other side , they aimed etat?.tt. the pointpoint-

of

Pint-oof hiehishide reappearance and fired as he emerged.emerged. By usingusing-

thisSin-

ghusing-

thisSin-

ghusing-

thisSin-

ghthis method their scores were quite remarkable.remarkablerema.rkable.remarkable.-

During

remark-able

rema.rkable-

.During

remark-able

remarkable.-

During

remark-able

. .

During the afternoon of June 3d orders for reliefrelief-were

relie-ver

relief-were

relie-ver

relief-were

relie-verwere received.received. FiringFirinbFibrin; by the Germans opposite B CompanyCompan-

yincreased

Comp-anying

Compan-

yincreased

Comp-anying

Compan-

yincreased

Comp-anyingincreased and the French mademe.demedeMeade. planspla.neplane. to mine the eastea.st. bridgebridge.bridge-

At

bridge.-

At

bridg-

etbrid-

ge

.

At 8:00800: PM under the protection of B Company'sCompanysCompany' guns , FrenchFrench-

engineers

Fren-

chmenFrench-

engineers

Fren-

chmenFrench-

engineers

Fren-

chmenengineers placed chargeschar es againstacainst the abuttmentsabutments at thethe-

water

th-eater

the-

water

th-eater

the-

water

th-eaterwater edge.edge. These charges were to be fired only in casecase-

of

cas-

ecase-

of

cas-

ecase-

of

cas-

eof an attack.attackattack.-

German

att-ack

attack.-

German

att-ack

attack.-

German

att-ack

.

German fire anda.nd. American retaliation againstagainst-

targetsaga-

instagainst-

targetsaga-

instagainst-

targetsaga-

insttargets located duringdurlnEdullness:; the dayda.y. increased during the night.nightnight.-

At

nig-ht

.

At 11:001100: PM the guns of the 2d Platoon were too hot to firefire-

and

fire-

man

fire-

and

fire-

man

fire-

and

fire-

manand were replacedrepla.ced. by cool ones in company reserve.reserve. TheTh-

erelief

T-here

Th-

erelief

T-here

Th-

erelief

T-hererelief was slow in arriving and was barely completedco letedalerted byby-

dawn.

B-

ryan

by-

dawn.

B-

ryan

by-

dawn.

B-

ryandawn.dawn. Finally , carried inintonHinton3-ton3tonton-ton- trucks instead of Fords ,

the Battalion drew out of the vicinity of PlacePlaoePlano CarnotCarnotJCannotCarnotJ-

made

Can-not

,

made a dash down the enfiladed Rue CarnotCannot , fortunatelyfortunatelyu-

nobservedfortun-

atelyfortunatelyu-

nobservedfortun-

atelyfortunatelyu-

nobservedfortun-

atelyunobserved by the enemy , and as the column reachedrea.ched. covercover-

in

coveri-

ng

cover-

in

coveri-

ng

cover-

in

coveri-

ngin the woods nearne r NeslesNestles they heard the explosion whichwhich-

announced

which-

announoe4

which-

announcedannouncedannounoe4 the destruction of the east bridge and thethe-I

thei-rI/

(39)39( ) Dicksman/DicksmanDicksDicksmanbarringDisseminatingDicksmanDicks ,I/ barring of the Marne.MarneJw1a.rne.Jw1arne.Jw1arneArne. . (39)39(39(39)-

p39-

p(39)-

P.

( )

pP.P.,. 5151.51. V

ANAANALYSISYSISSIS AND CRITICISMCRITIOISMCRITICISM-

The

CRITIOISM-

The

Criticis-mThe 7th MachineMe.chineMechine. OunGunNoun BattalionBa.ttalion. wasW8S, organized inin-

November

no-

nmember

in-

November

no-

nmember

in-

November

no-

nmemberNovember , 1917 , but did not draw thet he equipmentequipmentViwith\ViVi\ th whichwhiohwhic-

hit

whio-

hit

Wich-

itait was to fight until May 1918 , six months later and onlyonly-

one

nyl-

on

only-

one

nyl-

on

only-

one

nyl-

onone month in the case of its guns and six days in thethe-

cas

th-

eca

the-

08.l

the-

08l

the-

cacas08.l08lcabsca.<* of itsi.taitaKita. motors before it1 t went into action.actionaotion.aotionabortion. TheThe-

20

The-

20

The-

20-20-20- 20-

l

20.1-

.

-

.1.-1..1...1.:0..: . ... .. ..: .: ....- .. . . :0.0.0: . . . . . -. " . " .- _ ' " Oh.Oh. .

*..r....-....*;,. .'JP.I.JPIPI'.

.**BRSStyBrassy. , .i.i. '. ,. nmt'nmtmt' . n.)i.i. , < TW,. . ..--.1IooW.1IooW--, . .ii. > iM uc' -.,<....wrMwarm.. ....-.. tttu'frtttufr:aaiai ' U'Ur' aBm.wNweasMprpaBmwNweasMprp.... W-WWVOCWVOC,- VOCWVOW*..*. ':*.'.'. .*VrMOWa* VrWAWWMMW-'yVrWAWWMMW'yy..........yj, nnT*%. .-TT-.'..> .">.*.+.tiitipi...) . . .iMMiiiWV, '

.

. ... p M + eii +Nrr +.t rr'rrit ' llr+ yjMMjemmy4tpateMWr.MWrMrM-

Wr.machine

..OWWMt% ....It'It.. '

!l ,

.__ . _. . .- ,- - . - .- . -- - - - - . . . .. - ..- -- ' .'- --

machine guns were French , old guns in poor conditioncondicondo tionion ande.ndendan-

dinferiorla-

ndminee.n-

dinferioren-

gineeran-

dinferiorla-

ndmine.

inferior in accuracy to the'the' German , British and laterlater-American

late-comer

laterA-

merica.nlater-

Americanlate-

comerAmericanAmerica.n. Brownings.BrowningsBrowning. The motorsmotoI'smotoIsmottos' were Fords manufacturedma.nufacturedmanufactured-

inma.nufactured-

inmanufactur-

ed

.

in England.EnglandEngla.nd.. . TheyT ey wereere,v of unsuitableullsuibulls table design , cheaplycheaply-

constructed

cbcheaply-

constructedeaplyreapplyeaply-

oonstructedconstructedoonstructed ,, furnished with tires from old stock in whichwhich-

thewhi-

chwhich-

thewhi-

chwhich-

thewhi-

chthe rubberl bberbeer had lost its flexibility endand inadequate inin-

tonnagein-

tonatein-

tonnagein-

tonatein-

tonnagein-

tonatetonnage for the requiredreouiredrecuiredrecurred loads.loads. Fortunately the BattalionBattaliona-

ccomplishedBatt-

alionBattalion-

accompliBatta-

lionBattaliona-

ccomplishedBatt-

alionaccomplishedaccompli shed its missionmiss ion but it was throughtl rough no foresightforesight-on

foresig-hton the part of the American Government.Governmentovernment.overnmentu . A vellwellell, plannedplanned-

supplyplan-

nedplplanned-

supplyplan-

nednnednednned-

supply

ne-edssupply system with balanced reserves andnd facilities forfor-

rapidaf-

raidfor-

rapifl-

orafor-

rapidaf-

raidrapidrapi augmentation in caseCa.se. of vnrwnrw-rwrvrowner,-

! wouldwou10.wou10 . haveha.ve. avoided thisthis-

situation.titi-

vationthis-

situation.titi-

vationthis-

situation.titi-

vationsituation.situation .

The route from the training area , Iaa FerteFete , toto-

Chateau

to-

ccatato-

Chateau

to-

ccatato-

Chateau

to-

ccataChateau ThierryTheory v/asvaswas/ over much of its length blockedbloclbloc<: ed withwith-

refugeesint-

erfuseswiwith-

refugeesint-

erfusesthth-

refugees

th-

reshesrefugees and thetl1e equipment of aa.. retreating army.army. It waswa-

spoorly

we-

aponry

wa-

spoorly

we-

aponry

wa-

spoorly

we-

aponrypoorly marked , especially in the towns.towns. Speed waswa-

simportant

wa-

simportant

wa-

simportantimportant, and it was impossibleimpossible.impossible.to. to prevent the columncolum-

nseparating

coun-

terpartcolcoolcolum-

nseparating

coun-

terpartumnmnum-

nsepara.ting

un-

earthingseparatingsepara.ting. into small groups , even to individual cars.carsca.rs.cars.-

The

cas-

teca.rs.-

The

ca-rs

cars.-

The

cas-

te. .

The responsibilityresponsibility for arrivalarr1v :l ata.t. their destination laylay-

with

lab-

yrinth

lay-

with

lab-

yrinth

lay-

with

lab-

yrinthwith the drivers and noncommissionednonoomnoncom es1oned officersoffioers , seeing thethe-

route

the-

reunto

the-

route

the-

reunto

the-

route

the-

reuntoroute for the first time , unable to speak FrenchFrenoh andand-

equipped

ad-

equateand-

equipped

ad-

equateand-

equipped

ad-

equateequipped only with an itinerary of the towns along thethe-

route.

the-

reunto

the-

route.

the-

reunto

the-

route.

the-

reuntoroute.route. The fact that all reached their destinationdestination-

despitedestina-

tiondestination-

despi

destinat-ion

destination-

despitedestina-

tiondespitedespidespairt e motor troubles in aa.. reasonable time is directlydirectly-

traceabledire-

ctlydirectly-

traoeabledire-

ctlydirectly-

traceabledire-

ctlytraceabletraoeable to the discipline of regular troops inculcatedinculcated-

through

inculc-ated

inculcated-

through

inculc-ated

inculcated-

through

inculc-atedthrough years of service.serviceservioe.servioeservice.-

The

servi-ce

servioe.-

The

servie-

tteservice.-

The

servi-ce

.

The difficulty of cooperation between foreignforeign-

troops

forei-gner

foreign-

troops

forei-gner

foreign-

troops

forei-gnertroops , even when combined in the same command is evidentevident-

in

evide-

ntin several instances.instancesinstanoes.instanoes. CompanyOompany B requested artilleryartillerys-

upportartill-

eryartillerys-

upportartill-

eryartillerys-

upportartill-

erysupport at 9:00900: AM , June 1st.1st. It was not received until

3:30330: PM.PM. The Battalion was held in the Place OarnotCarnotHornpoutCannot from

4:30430: PM until dark beforebefobefog : c thehe ConsmandinrCommandingCommanCommand inrrcinerary Officer made hiehishidehie-

31

his-

21-31-31-21-21.21-.21-. 31-

w

21.-

v

21-

v

.21-

w.

21-

w

-

w.w_. rMr.w.r.rMrwrremarry-w-w-..-.v.v-.-..*..;: . .. .vivi. r.ccrcccc.; G.:4G.4G4.:: (c-jcj-.oI'oI. ' _.ji.. .. ... ....wnntuMUM.mUi.wnntuMUMmUi.._ , w..c.wc... ..;..: . M1 IC'IC< ' M *_ JU.JU. ... -_ _- . *.. .

...: .**. . .!''. ... .._< ._ IL. <.t... .*.. <...:.> 11.11>..o.o..o.wv'. *-wvwv-* ' <. w"," _

. ' .. _J.oJo... _ . . J'J' . . . .. _ _ .

. .oo. ::&.JMMMM --'S.x-- :te"':.' .. :. M4C.er9W" ' .. , .

> ui.uia'a' .' . .'..

,f'O'fO',If.If' WW.. ........ ....I.I---aa---. ...;;; 0

,:. . .

......,. .

:" ..;'

.

-

_,

,.. .._... ',,#.._

"'" ..:

.. .

\.._. . ... ...

-.. .__ ..' I'I'. =:.::--ee-":..:. -

,,

.

::;;;.:_...-. , .

.;;.; ---". "-"' ._.. . ..' . , .

_:-:'

' ':'W''JWJ' '. ' :;.. ' .. ..'.''_'*''l'.I'' ' _ :... ", . *. '.' 0.0... .---- . - . . . _ . _w.w. . . _ . _ . ._ ._ .___ .

_"__ _ __ _ ._

- 11 : .1'.11' "- ' )lA: ;*' *M.iMi

w_w-

dispositions

d-

ispositions- .- .- - . . - - . .- -- . . ..-

dispositions for defense.defense . Most of this delay waswas-

causedabs-

cessedwas-

causedabs-

cessedwas-

causedabs-

cessedcaused by his uncertainty as to locations and plans ofof-

Frenchof-

fenceof-

Frenchof-

fenceof-

Frenchof-

fenceFrench troops to which he was attached.attached. Again , in withwith-with-drawing

with-drawing

with-drawing

¬-drawing from the north side of the MarneArne contact waswa-slost

wal-

lopswa-

slostwal-

lopswa-

slostwal-

lopslost by the French commandercomma.nder. with his American machinema.chinemachine-guns

mach-ine

ma.chine-guns

mach-ine

machine-guns

mach-ine

.

guns resulting in the destruction of the bridge beforebefore-their

before-time

before-their

before-time

before-their

before-timetheir return.returnreturn.-

Surpriseret-

urnsreturn.-

Surpriseret-

urnsreturn.-

Surpriseret-

urns.

Surprise , twice secured on the morning andand-

eveningad-

vancingand-

eveningad-

vancingand-

eveningad-

vancingevening of June 1stlet , was traceable to strict fire ordersorders-rigidly

ord-ersorders-

rigidlyord-ersorders-

rigidlyord-ersrigidly enforced.enforced. In both these cases the Germans aidedaided-

materiallyaided-

materiallyaided-

materiallymaterially in the effect of this fire tnroughthroughtriroughtroughtrio lack ofof-

reconnaissance.

of-

reconnaissance.

of-

reconnaissance.reconnaissance.reconnaissance. In the first case they failed toto-

determine

co-

determine

to-

determine

co-

determine

to-

determine

co-

determinedetermine whether or not the south bank of the MarneArne waswas-

occupied

was-

occupied

was-

occupiedoccupied , and8n in the second they failed to examine thethe-

conditionhe-

donisticthe-

conditionhe-

donisticthe-

conditionhe-

donisticcondition of the west bridge after the explosion.explosionexplosion.-

The

explosi-on

.

The CaptainOaptain of Company B , in orderingorderinordering thethe-

occupation

the-

orizationthe-

occupation

the-

orizationthe-

occupation

the-

orizationoccupation of the second line positions used verbalverbal-orders.

verba-lizes

verbal-orders.

verba-lizes

verbal-

orders.verba-

lizesorders.orders. The situation at the time of issuing these waswa-

scritical.

fas-

cistically

wa-

scritical.

fas-

cistically

wa-

scritical.

fas-

cisticallycritical.critical . To the runners it undoubtedly presented aa-

scene

s-

cene

a-

scene

s-

cene

a-

scene

s-

cenescene of utter confusion so thetthattheft their failure to deliverdeliver-

the

deliv-erthe messages as given can be easily understood.understood. A teletele-steletele-

phone

tele-

phone

tele-

phone

¬-phone line to Battalion CPOP would have made these messagesmessa.gesmessages-

unnecessary.

messa.ge-

sunnecessary.

messages-

unnecessary.

.

unnecessary.unnecessary. In any case the value of good coramunicationscommunicatiascommunicatianacommunicationscommunicationcoramunications-

and

communicatias-

and

communicatiana-

and

communicati-ons

communicat-ionand the unreliability of verbal messages of iirportanceimportanceairport isis-

clearly

se-

cularly

is-

clearly

se-

cularly

is-

clearly

se-

cularlyclearly illustrated.illustratedillustrated.-

Finallyillustr-ated

illustrated.-

Finallyillustr-ated

illustrated.-

Finallyillustr-ated

.

Finally , there was an excessive amount of firefire-

by

fir-e

fire-

by

fir-e

fire-

by

fir-eby the AmericansAmerioans , much of it to little advantage.advantage. HadHa-

dit

Ha-

iti

Ha-

dit

Ha-

iti

Ha-

dit

Ha-

itiit not been for the timely discovery of surplussu luslugs ammunitionammunition-

in

ammuniti-

onin the searchsearoh for a Battalion CPOPCP1, they might easily havehave-

been

ha-ve

have-

been

ha-ve

have-

been

ha-vebeen placedplaoed in a serious situationsituation.,. Though it may havehave-

had

ha-ve

have-

had

ha-ve

have-

had

ha-vehad some80me moral value in disguising the strength of thethe-

defense

thr-

eadfin

the-

defense

thr-

eadfin

the-

defense

thr-

eadfindefense , much of it was of questionable value.value. ThisThi-

sfiring

His-

torian

Thi-

sfiring

His-

torian

Thi-

sfiring

His-

torianfiring , It 18is believed oanoenDoanomen always be expectedexpeoted fromfrom-

22

from-

22

from-

22-22-22- 22X-

VTJTTTWlllw.

22X-

VTJTTTWlllw

22-

"I."r.U..t..t

2-

2IrUtt

22l-

aTiJT

-

. . .XVTJ/TTTWlll-w.XVTJTTTWlllw.VT.laTiJTlatitude..:. " "*"I."r.-U..t..t"I."r.U..t..t" /..".' .,

-GRM1t.GRM1t... -. . . .,..tt* t&.4'.u* &*; '..*'. f......;. -.;. .*.. . ll,*. I'AI."U'O'-.toI'AI."U'O'IAIUO.toALIQUOT>' . " ' ' *.. ....

.-.. .+.. t <(.. **..* KU + ,.....,'rr.M'M'. '...*.....;.... " " 4-tMK4tMKMK"' .

-: .... .rt.JrrtJrretro. % . vI '. .:tP..cI..wA.tPcIwAtopcoat. *.. , I...

.. . S... *A.--A.*L.L. ...u-.u..--- . ... *.. ..: .-. _ . "' .L.-.L.. .- -.'--rr-_ .,-_ .. . ..... .1.1.1. ._ ' , A " " . . . . . . .

..... ., . - " ,- ' "" 1J : _ .1.1.1. ......... . . , _ .. . ... .. .. . . .. .. . " .. .,. _ ... . . . , . . . ...... . . '. . . ..... . " "

'IIII I J.'ff' . !..UIUI. _ .... ... ..... .k4MM** JMMMM. .

-.- _ ._ 4 _. __

...__...* n- _ n-n i"WW" ' - . .- . . . - . . - ._ - . .. _ . . ._

. .

' " " - 1Wa'1Wa' . . . Jl . .."....*:.,00, ..... ar. Mr'MftMrMftMarmotMr'-

Mftinexperienced

MrM-

ftinexperienced

. '..., 'I.I' ._ .-- - .- - '- -- _. -- " -

inexperienced troops under a great nervousflervousleprous strain.strainstra.in.strain.L-

ESSONS

stainl-

essness

stra.in.L-

ESSONS

stainl-

essness

strain.L-

ESSONS

stainl-

essness

. .

LESSONSLESSON-

SThere

Less-ons

LESSON-

SThere

Less-ons

LESSON-

SThere

Less-onsThere are three outstanding lessons tot bebe-

learned

re-

learned

be-

learned

re-

learned

be-

learned

re-

learnedlearned from this engagement.engagementengagement.-

FIRST.

engage-ment

engagement.-

FIRST.

engage-ment

engagement.-

FIRST.

engage-ment

.

FIRST.FIRST. It is of vitalvi taltail importance to a no.tionnotionnD.tionnDtionnationno.tion-

to

nD.tion-

to

nation-

tonotio-

nindenti-

on

natio-n

.

to have ample warW .rr. reserves of equipment endend.and.and . a wellwell-

establishedce-

lestialswell-

establishedce-

lestialswell-

establishedce-

lestialsestablished industrial mobilization plan for augmentingaugmenting-

these

augmen-tingthese supplies at once , thus never being dependent onon-

foreign

co-

nforming

on-

foreign

co-

nforming

on-

foreign

co-

nformingforeign supply after war is declareddeclared.declared.S-

ECOND.

decla-red

declared.S-

ECOND.

decla-red

,.

SECOND.SECOND . There is great value in surprise toto-

any

to-

nyto-

any

to-

nyto-

any

to-

nyany smellsma.llsmall. force , but particularlypart icularlyinculpably machineme.ch.inemechine. . guns , inin-

successfully

un-

successfully

in-

successfully

un-

successfully

in-

successfully

un-

successfullysuccessfully opposing a superior force.forceforce.T-

HIRD.

forega-

thered

force.T-

HIRD.

forega-

thered

force.T-

HIRD.

forega-

thered

.

THIRD.THIRD. Discipline is necessarynecesse.rynecesserynecessa.ry. to carry menme-

nthrough

m-

enthol

me-

nthrough

m-

enthol

me-

nthrough

m-

entholthrough difficult situationstue.tionstuetionsquestionssi . , generally unforeseen , whenvhenhenwhen-

they

whe-

ther

vhen-

they

heat-

hery

when-

they

whe-

ther

:

they are separated from their leaders and under a severesevere-

strain.

sev-erest

severe-

strain.

sev-erest

severe-

strain.

sev-ereststrain.strain. This quality can be developed only over a concon-con-

siderable

con-

siderable

con-

siderable

¬-

siderablesidereal period of time , but without it no troops can bebe-

depended

b-

eepedbe-

depended

b-

eepedbe-

depended

b-

eepeddepended upon to carry out difficult missions.missionsmissions.O-

OKOtUSION

mis-sions

missions.C-

OlTotUSION

missions.C-

ONCLUSION

mis-sions

.

OOKOtUSIONCOl\TotUSIONCOlTotUSIONCONCLUSIONCookoutsColeObtrusionOOKOtUSIO-

NThis

COlTotUSIO-

NThis

CONCLUSIO-

NThis

Conclus-ion

\

This Battalion , only partially trained , withwith-

no

with-

inno combat experience , was rushed overnight across 110110-

miles

110-

miles

110-

milesmiles of foreign territory , forced through the disorderdisorder-

of

disord-erof a retreating army and thrown into a defile against anan-

experienced

in-

experienced

an-

experienced

in-

experienced

an-

experienced

in-

experiencedexperienced foe of overwhelming strength , drunk with thethe-

success

th-

encethe-

suocess

thr-

eesomes

the-

success

th-

encesuccesssuocess of a deep penetration withwi th Paris, almost on thethe-

horizon.

th-

eorize

the-

horizon.

th-

eorize

the-

horizon.

th-

eorizehorizon.horizon. Through the tenacity and courageoourage of its membersmember-

sit

membe-

rsit stopped this foe , enabling the remainder of the 3d3d-

Division

3d-

Division

3d-

DivisionDivision to establish itself on the Marne.MarneMa.rne.ArneMarne-

.Organized

. .

_____ __OrganizedOrgan1zed-- .-

as a weapon of opportunity , its useuse-

23

use-

23

use-

23

--23-23- 23f-

c

23-

.III.'W

2-

3IIIW

23M-

:411HYt'

23M-

411HYt

-.....M:411HYt'M411HYt.III.--'W.III.'WW.: .. .' . ,..-. .' , ... _

,. . __. ... . ... . , . .pYw'rpYwrpyre- "" WA1h' -fcfc-" "' -" " ". ... .. .." ......-_ *$:-...-.. .... .'. ..

. . . . ,, . .

4.Voi4l".t.1I.4Voi4lt1I.4Voi4lt1I"' 4.4 ' . , . .. _...

(" 'C/J'CCJ' / ' ! '' '' ' ' .. . .:' 'Y.Y ""

. ." , . .'"1.1 ... . .

If/If" .. . . ./ .

' . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _

If.WJA..WJA.WJA*WA ""' *- - .44 *" - ":r \\oo*\.' .\ ' ." : "" ' 'J"-'J"J'J"1..' "*' *-r" . " '''$ '1.1ix.ix. , . . . .. t .. ., . . .. .. .., t.t.. . ,... ;, ;

- qIP.quipqI-

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1****-M'M'M-:.*tA,, .;.*.' ,*.

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w.w t****** mil*. .* .*..*. . . . . . .' . 'IIIfIIrft.---'IIIfIIrft.IIIfIIrft' ! ..-...--_.-_.

.. . . . 'IIIfIIrft.'W< <%* ,j > . . < .i .

. ... ..!- . .. _

' riyrimy f/.yiiiijm'.yiiiijm'yiiiijmf.yiiiijm'fyiiiijm/. . . &! ) . !.....'- .MfH.tJff.MfHtJff. 'WW'WfWf' .-ff- ; . .nmwnmwmw. *" ",-- .-ii-

at

f-

iat

..

. . . - ... - - . ..- - ' - '- - - -att this time was a striking example ofcf the emergencyemergenc-

yfor

emergen-

cyfor which it was intended ; and had it engaged in non-

ofurther

no-

urished

n-

ofurther

no-

urished

n-

ofurther

no-

urishedfurther combats during the war , its existence would bebe-

justified.

b-

eautified

be-

jUDtified.

b-

eautified

be-

justified.b-

eautifiedjustified.justifiedjUDtified.jUDtified..

-- ------- ---- -- .

-24-24-24-

II'

2-

4II

2-

4.v

2-

4v

24J.-

.JIM

24J-

JIM

-

,/ J..JIMJJIMJIM. . .. ...._I w" .MM.... L..wLw... . . RN'RN...' , . .. ... ... , ' ...... ..- .. .. . .. . ... . , .. . ... . ... .. . .. . .. _ _ _ . _ _ . . . . . . . _ _ _ . _--.v.v_

- .v't___... . . ...-'t'tt-. ! ' , .. . .. . . . .... .. . .... .. ._

. .. _ .... . . . . .. .. . , ... . . " . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. - . . .- -

Itfl.fl. JUJWfc i.-i.i.vik.i. - *vik.ivikiVikkivik.ifc..rA,. . * .-fc..rAfc..rA-* . . r i"* > i "IFIF."., . '!n.'S'nS. . ' v "' a. .nWNMr.nWNMrwinner'. n,, > ., * wn rv. t.vM-M.v.w-t.vMM.v.wTVt.vMM.v.wMN.if+er-+nf. *.. *,-* MN*, , 1- T* ' ':"'' " ' <" '\rr\ff\tr-tr<+.lr.lr. ! < ." fM.t71fMt71<**.' > j -*-ii-'* . \ ti . ' " >' * --' -f-YwfYw--x m rs'rrsrRR,- , '... W * * * > V.V' ';; = : .:. _>>;. , . . .; . : . .; 7.7 'II; ;: . : ::,;, : ; : : k _ ' ' .' M *IMISIMI >- > . <. *f* ' ,-...,

<> T r.--ji.r.ji.--

. . : : .: ;; :; . ;, ; .

.. : ; . . . ,. ., ,' - ' -.

. , : # ; -> r: * iMr-iMrMr- > *< ; (* j t.t < iiiniL..tiiiiiniLtiiiiiniL..tiin) -nn 010 owsbows)im i AA-

UESTIONS

Q-

UESTIONS

i > K A ; >K9< Vt M'KMK' I I > IHIIIHH J-J * iKinnViking iiuii * a> iii Oi' * i.i nm nnyinannyl <i 11 m .imn.mnupimnmnupImmanuel .TT.-

TQtiESTI

m 1 1 'mi.fjiamifjiamafia' < < iitfioziti> < -tfiotfiotrio F*

.- - "' "--QtiESTIQtiESTITiesQUESTIONSUESTIONSN "crcrCil! "THETHETHE OPERAIOIJSOPERA'IOIJSOPERATIONSOPERA!: ' IONS OF THE 7TH M.G.MGM.M. G.G. BATTALIONBA11TALIOr

IN THE VICINITY OF CHATEAU THIERRYTIIERRYTHEORYITINERARYTI-TI-± IERRYJERRY_ FHA1ICEFRANCE ,MAY 31st TO JUNE 4th , 1918'19181918.1918 ',

.

1.1. The 7th M.G.MG. . Bn.Bn. at Chateau ThierryTheory supported units of :

(1)1( ) The American 3d Division(2)2( ) The American 2d Division(3)3( ) The FrencnFrench 38th Corps.Corps. Answer 3

2.2. The movement to Chateau ThierryTheoryTllielTalliedTiiTipi i erryDerryry vraswasvas mademad e by :

(1)1( ) Railroad

(2)2( ) Motors

(3)3( ) Foot.Foot. Answer 2

3.3. The American defensive lines were located :

(1)1( ) North of the city(2)2( ) South of the city(3)3( ) Within the city.city. Answer 3

4.4. The defense of Chateau ThierryTheoryThiThai erryDerry terminated the :

(1)1( ) Amiens offensive

(2)2( ) HyeLyeHydety s offensive

(3)3( ) CheminScheming des Dames offensive.offensive. Answer 3

5.5. The occupation of Chateau ThierryTheory was important because :

(1)1( ) It contained the only bridges in a stretchstretch-

of

stretc-

hof 10 miles

(2)2( ) It was a railroad center

(3)3( ) It was aa.. supply base.base. Answer 1,

6.6. The action of this battalion is an example of :

(1)1( ) Use of machinemaohine guns in attackattaok

(2)2( ) Use of machine gun indirectindireot fire(3)3( ) A weapon of opportunity used for thethe-

purpose

te-mpuras

the-

purpose

te-mpuras

the-

purpose

te-mpuraspurpose for whichwhioh it was intended.intended. Answer 33-

25

3-

25

3-

25-25-25- 25-

4

2504-

"

250-

4

25-

W.

25-

W

-

W.W... . .... .. . "' ., . . . *_. '., '04"044 " . .!... >. ,. -. . ,. . . . ,. . t. , .. -. .. ' . " I1 Wv-'"' >. "... >... . ...-> .'. ...._ .. . '". . . . . .ii. , "II.". . yN.. ." . r11rT.. .. .... tAMYrYw.tAMYrYwTammy-.. .. .,-.. . . ., .rr... w'v.wv., . .'.....

I&.9N9N..9NI9NI'%''' -II.-. "'DIV.DIV.. .. ... . " . . . ., urwbur., , . .tt.... . . .. .. .. .. . .. . . -11.11..-.. . ' . r. . . . . . - ,. . . .rr.rrrr, ..,.. .. .r.r-. . .. .. . . .. . . . . .-,...r..wrw. . .. .. .. . . . . . . w.w-.-. .aa. n.rnr--,. . " .... . . . . , ". .,. ,

... , . . ' 1.J1J1J1J..k-k*-* << ;'W'W'W ' H ... ..;;"

.

__=_ " , ,,, , , ,,, , _ ,

.,

.

. : . . .. . . . . . ... . .., .

. . . - . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . ., . . . . . . . . ., . ., .. . . . . .

...:- .. .> -

<<.

-

,; : ,.;= :.;; ..

'.:' AJAX..

.:JiJJai: ;4t ,

. .;.tt. .*.;. II.II. v > n MMUMHiMunchMMUMH-ijet. Mushi-est -

.

-- - . ., ._... , . ., . . .. . . ,. ._... .. . . ., ., . . . ,. . _ M.M.. . ., .". . ., .... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. .. . .

'uvuv lit'lit' -jet.jet.jet-.K'K' k :#.,;* j| | ahPaaha tG-.. rorWiHrbrownishMN ;=f *Mh'Mh '

7.7. The outstanding principle of war illustrated was :

(1)1( ) Mass

(2)2( ) Surprise."' .-

fI-fI<( j10,)

(3)3( ) SecurityS ecuricuria ty \'

\\

, :..JJ./

(4)4( ) Economy of force.force. Answer 2

8.8. Effectiveness of German machine gun fire waswa.s. reduced by :

(1)1( ) Plunging effect(2)2( ) Inaccuracy

(3)-(3)3( ) -. ta.cktackLackackJack. of targets.targets. Answer 1

9.9. German losses were due largely to :

(1)1( ) Accuracy of American fire(2)2( ) Artillery(3)3( ) tackLack of reconnaissance.reconnaissance. Answer 3

10.10. The ultimate arrival of the entire battalion was primarilyprimarily-due

primar-ilydue to :

(1)1( ) Training in handling motors

(2)2( ) Discipline(3)3( 3)3) March organization.organization . AnswerAnswer-

26

22-

26

2-

26

<

-26-26--26-261.-

J1J

261-

J1J

26-

I

--- -

""" ... I 1'.1' ...... --- . __ ,.,,_ ,- . .. .. .,..-- .---- --... . -.. ..- ..... ... ,, . , .. . . . .

__ '_

" __ _ - _ . .

-- " " "< 1 >< 1 I ... ._

. _ . " .

' * ..t't' ; .J.J ' !- .II. > I rJ.rJ .. "; J,7.} ", " " J r.rr..lII.lIIlIIII !l J.IJIWe$t:4.'Irt4.Irt4Ir: - mt ftttff&ftttffa & , , , . ,, , , , : ," " " '. ,_ :.. .. ... . ..... ,_ ...,__, . . .. .# . " "

. , ! . ! . , ; . . . . 'r.J"C' . "( " .'WW r.r.< > ' 1 ; . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,-APPENDIX 1

Third Division ,France , May 30 , 1918.19181918.-

SECRET

1918-

SECRET

1918.-

SECRET

1918-

SECRET

1918.-

SECRET

1918-

SECRET

.

SECRETSECRE-

TField

Secr-

etive

SECRE-

TField

Secr-

etive

SECRE-

TField

Secr-

etiveField OrdersOrdersN-

o.Orde-

rsOrders-

No.1.

Order-

sNo1No.NoNo.1.No1.No1No.1.-

Maps

No1-

Maps

. 1.11-

.Maps

1-

Maps

1-

.Maps

1-

Maps

.

Maps: : 1/80,000180,00080000180,000C-haumont

180000C-haumont

180,000C-haumont

180000C-haumont

180,000C-haumont

180000C-haumont

/ ,ChaumontCamion 858385-

Wassy83-

Wassy83-

WassyWassyAssay 6868-

Arcis68-

Arc1s68-

ArcisArcisArc1sArcs 6767-

Chalons67-

Ohalons67-

ChalonsChalonsOhalonsChaosHallos 5050-

Meaux50-

Meaux50-

MeauxMeauxBeaux 49

1.1. Seventh Machine Gun Battalion will proceedprooeedproofed at once by roadroad-to

roa-d

road-to

roa-d

road-to

roa-dto COMDE-EN-BRIECOMDEENBRIECODE- - and report on arrival to Representative ofof-Staff

o-ffset

of-Staff

o-ffset

of-Staff

o-ffsetStaff of group of FrenchFrenoh Armies.Armies.

2.2. Route BAR-SUR-AUBEBARSURAUBEBAR-BUR-AUBEBURBAR-SUR-RUBERUBESRUBE BRIENNE-BRIENNEBRENNERBRIENNEECHATEAUBRIENATE-tE-CHATEAUBRIENATEtECHATEAUBRIENNE-LE-CHATEAUBRIENNELEBINATEBRENNERE-CHATEAUECHATEAU ARCIS-SUR-AUBEARCISSURAUBEARCSSRUBE: - - , - - , - - ,MERY-SUR-SEINEMERYSURSEINEMERY-8UR-SEINE8URMERCYSR- - , ANG&UREANGUREANGtUREGANGUE&] J, SEZANNESEZANl\TESEZANlTESEZANNNESUZANNESean\ J, MONTMORTMONITOR ,ORBAYSFORAYS , OONDE-EN-BRIE.OONDEENBRIE.CONDE-EN-BRIE.CONDEBOONEBRIECONE- - .

..3.3. It is expected that organization will be met at CONDE-EN-CONDEENCONECONDEEN-

BRIECONCELEB-

RATECONDEEN-

BRIECONCELEB-

RATECONDEEN-

BRIECONCELEB-

RATE- -

BRIE by Captain RoyerRoyce , French Army , who will furnishfurnish-further fur-nish

furnish-further fur-nish

furnish-further fur-nishfurther orders.ordersol'dere.oldereolder' .

4.4. Equipment-EquipmentEqu1pment-Equ1pmentEquipmentIndividualEqu1pmentIndividualEquipment- Individual Mobile.Mobile.

5.5. Trains will accompany organization.organization.

6.6. Report willvdlldell be made to Division HeadauartereHeadauartersHeadquartersHeadquartered of exact timetime-of

tim-e time-of

tim-e time-of

tim-eof departure and arrival att destination.destination.

J.J. T.T. DickmanDick ,Major14ajor General.GeneralGenera-

l.Distribution

Genera-

l.Distribution

Genera-

l.Distribution

.

Distribution :

ChiefOhief of Staffstaff-G123

Staf-fG1230-1-2-30123G-1-2-3G01237-thG123-7th- - -

7th M.O.Bn.MOBnM.G.Bn.MGBnMOnGabon. . .

-27-27-27-

t:4.'Ir

27-

t4Ir

27-

APPENDIX

-

> '"-*8.8...' '. .... .". '"W.W"*"

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APPENDIX 2.22-

.Headquarters

2-

Headquarters

2-

.Headquarters

2-

Headquarters

2-

.Headquarters

2-

Headquarters

.

Headquarters , 7th Machine Gun Battalion-American

Batta-lion BattalionBattalion-American

Batta-lion Battalion-American

Batta-lionAmerican Expeditionary ForcesForces-

France

Forbe-

arance

Forces-

France

Forbe-

arance

Forces-

General

For-

eseerFrance , 30 May 1918 , 10:001000: A.M.AMA.M-

.General

A.M-

.General

. .

General Orders.OrdersOrders.-

No.

Orders.-

No

Orde-rs

.

No.NoNo . 13

1.1. In compliance withwi th telephonic communicationcOlrJlunicatloncomimunicationconjunction! withwi th thethe-Chief

tet-chier

the-Chief

tet-chier

the-Chief

tet-chierChief of Staff , Third Division ( Regular ) , this A.M.AM. . , this battalionbattalion-will

battali-onwill be prepared at once to move from its presentresent station on itso-wn

dis-own

itsitso-wn

dis-own

itso-wn

dis-ownown transportation.transportation .

2.2. CompanyOompany CommandersCowrnandersCoriandersCOllll1lan .ersers. will take steps to fulfil the bove.boveaboveabove-paragraph.

? .bove-paragraph.

.bov-eparagraph.paragraph.paragraph, .

3.3. This office will be notified by Company CommandersCOtl1mandersCoinrmand.ersCoinrmandersChiromancers: . thethe-moment

ten-ement

the-moment

ten-ement

the-moment

ten-ementmoment the companies are ready to move.move. Loading will start at once.onceonce.-

By

on-ce

once.-

By

on-ce

once.-

By

on-ce

.

By order of Major Taylor :

CopiesOopiesLoopiest to :

All companiescompanies-Supply

compa-nies

E.E. J.J. Hoover ,Supply OfficerOfficer-Sanitary

Offi-cers 1st Lieut.LieutLieuieut.ieutViet. , N.A.NA. . , 7th M.O.MOM.G.MG. . Bn.BnBn-

.SanitaryBn-

.Adjutant.Bn-

.Sanitary.

Sanitary Detachment.Detachment . Adjutant.AdjutantAdjutant.A-

PPENDIX

Adj-

utant

Adjutant.A-

PPENDIX

Adj-

utant

Adjutant.A-

PPENDIX

Adj-

utant

.

APPENDIX 3.33-

.Order

3-

Order

3-

.Order

3-

Order

3-

.Order

3-

Order

.

Order of 10th ColonialOolonial Division received by C.O.CO. . 7th M.G.MG. . Bn-

.orderingBn.BnEn.EnBn-

.orderingEn-

.orderingEn-

gendering.

ordering it to Chateau Thierry.ThierryTheory. ( Translation by Capt.CaptCaput. J.T.JT. . BissellBiesell )

Instructions for the American M.G.MG. . Bn.Bn.

the directdireot route Conde-CondeCodeCond-eCourboinNesles.

Cond-eCourboinNesles.

Cond-eOourbolnNesles.

-1.1. To proceedprooeedproofed to Nesles-le-MontagneNeslesleMontagneNesles-1e-Montagne1eNestlesMontage- - byCourboin-Nesles.CourboinNesles.Oourboln-Nesles.OourbolnCurbingNestlesBourbon- . (11( A battalion of the 53d ColonialOolonial ,, is billettedbilletted.billetedbilletted-in

billetted.-in

billete-d

.in Nesles.NeslesNeeles.NeelesNestlesNeedles. To coordinate with the 0.0.00.00. . of this battalionbabattalionta11on withwith-reference

with-reference

with-referencereference to billettingb111ett1ngbilleting in NesleeNeslesNestleNestles and elsewhere.elsewhere. )

2.2. To send officers as soon as possible to reconnoitrereconnoiterr eoonnoieon tretare ChateauChateau-Thierry

Cha-teau

ChatChateau-Thierry

Cha-teau

eaueau-

Thierryfe-

atheryThierryTheory ande d the adadjacentterrainjacentterrainadjacentaccentedadjacent terrain with referencereferenoe to possible-machine

poss-ible

possiblepossible-machine

poss-ible

possible-machine

poss-iblemachine gun emplacements.emplacements .

3.3. To establish liaisonliaieon with Lieut.Lieuttieut.tieutLieutimeout. ColonelOolonelOolong BenezechBeseech , C.O.CO0.0.00.00. . 33d33d-

Colonials33d-

Colonials33d-

ColonialsColonials , whose 0.0C.C. P.P. is to the northnoxthnotch of ChateauOhateau ThierryTbierryTheoryBrieryThierry-near

Tbierry-near

Haird-ryer

Brie-ry( near LesteeLeeLees ChesneauxChelsea ) . To ascertain from the Lieut.Lieutt1eut.t1eutLieu. Colonel-

whatColo-

nelColonelColonel-

whatColo-

nelColonel-

whatColo-

nelwhat would be the most urgent measures to take by the AmericanAmerioanAmerican-

machineAmer-

icanaAmerioan-

maohineAmer-

icanaAmerican-

machineAmer-

icanamachinemaohine guns to support him in caseoaseoases of a violent attack.attackattaok.attaok.

10 Div Ooloniale0010n1&le0010n1leColonialeColloidalColonial0010n1&l-ete

0010n1le-te

Coloniale-.te

Coloni-al

& 31 MayKay 1918.19181918.-

r.PflgT

1918-

rPflgT1918.-

By1918-

By1918.-

By1918-

By.

order-orderorderThecordieriteThe ChiefOhief of StaffStaff-

sealSta-

ffsstaff-

Nicolettraff-

icableStaff-

NicoletTraf-

ficableBy -

. Tai QommandanteOommandanteMandaUteCommandantMandateOommandante"-O

Oommandante-O

Commandan-t 00te.te.r.PflgTrPflgTGeneral"OO" ( seal ) NicoletNicoleNicolet-

28

(1)1(1)-

28

12-

8

( ? )

-28-28- 28-

8.

28-

VI

-VI - L.-L..- _ _............ . T 11 .cc. ; ..... 4.4. L Jxb.Jxb.._ .II.-.II.. . .- U I

lUll 1 111 _ I - I _ ......... 11-

APPENDIX

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