WWII Causes and EffectRemember- the results of WWI played a big roll

Effects of WWI

How did having to pay for the war impact Germany? Germany was very bitter

and angry about the terms of the treaty. Factories closed, people

lost their jobs, and economically Germany suffered greatly.

People started to rise up and protest as economic conditions worsened.

Germany became isolated from and distrusted by other countries.

Why did Russia drop out of WWI in 1917?

WWI exposed Russia’s weaknesses…troops were poorly equipped and their leaders weren’t that good Suffered terrible losses Food shortages, coal shortages, troops exhausted

After 2 ½ years of war, 9 million Russian troops were killed, wounded, or missing.

Russian people were unhappy & blamed the government

In 1917, Russian Revolution began and the government was overthrown Workers united and overthrew the monarchy –Czar Nicholas II

Major cause of Russian Revolution was the differences between the social and economic classes in Russia.

Czarist Russia Ends February 1917 - Russian (Bolshevik) Revolution

begins –communist party

July 1918 Nicholas II and family executed Rumors that daughter Anastasia survived Romanov family was the last royal family of

Russia

Ended 300 years of Romanov rule and 400 years of czarist rule

November 1918 World War I ends

Formation of Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.)

1922 U.S.S.R. declared by Lenin Russia and 15 smaller republics under

one control

Summarizing Activity- True or False

Russian citizens were happy and wealthy under Czar Nicholas II.

Russia suffered terrible losses after WWI and the people were tired of being hungry, cold, and ravaged by war.

Russian monarchy was overthrown in the Russian Revolution.

The Bolshevik, or Communist Party, took over after the Russian Revolution.

Worldwide Depression

World’s economy slumped into a worldwide depression after WWI.

Suffered great loss of life and property damage.

Borrowed $$$ to pay for war costs –no $$$ to repay debts.

Industry, shipping and trade affected. MASSIVE Inflation

Inflation –prices rise and money loses value Can’t buy as much tomorrow as you did today

with the same amount of $$$

Worldwide depression affected the USA too . . .

Suffered from the Great Depression beginning in October 1929 and lasted into the 1930’s.

Longest period of unemployment and low economic activity in modern times.

By 1932, 1 in 4 Americans did not have a job. That’s 25% of people.

The Rise of Nazism

After WWI, Germany faced major problems Worldwide depression Unemployment riots in the streets.

An angry, humiliated, bitter, and desperate Germany will appoint Adolf Hitler chancellor in 1933.▪ He will give hope to the German

people by promising them jobs, food, money, etc.

Adolf Hitler

leader of the Nazi party Nazis believed in fascism . . . Where a strong central

government is controlled by the military and run by a dictator.

Wrote a book, Mein Kampf (My Struggle), which described his ideas on how to strengthen Germany.

Only after becoming leader legitimately, he will make himself “Fuhrer” and turn into a cruel and vicious dictator. Believed that the Aryans (Germans) were the “master race”. Racist feelings against Jews, Slavs, gypsies and blacks.

Why did the Nazis grow in power?

1. Offered cures for Germany’s economic problems.

2. Appealed to German nationalism by calling for an increase in armed forces and expansion of German territory.

3. United Germans against Jews by blaming the Jews for Germany’s problems.

4. Convinced Germans that the Nazi could protect them from potential enemies like Russia.

5. Organized private, armed groups to terrorize anyone who opposed them. Few people spoke out against them inside or outside Germany.

World War II Erupts

When & Where did WWII take place?

When = 1939 –1945 Started when Germany invaded Poland United States became involved on 12/8/41 after the

bombing of Pearl Harbor on 12/7 Ended when Germany and Japan surrendered

Where ??? Europe Pacific Pearl Harbor, USA

Results . . . Major devastation and loss of life AGAIN!

What were the causes of WWII?

Extreme nationalism (still!)

Rise of dictators in Europe –Alliance Hitler in power in Germany Mussolini in power in Italy Emperor Hirohito in Japan

Severe worldwide depression

Hitler’s expansion through Europe (Imperialism/Militarism)

Whose side am I on?

Allied Powers (Big Four) United States Great Britain Soviet Union France

Axis Powers Germany Italy Japan

Other Nations Involved

Argentina Australia Belgium Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Czechoslovaki

a Denmark Dominican

Republic Ecuador Egypt

El Salvador Ethiopia France Great Britain Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras India Iran Iraq Lebanon Liberia Luxembourg Mexico Mongolia Netherlands New Zealand

Nicaragua Norway Panama Paraguay Peru Poland San Marino Saudi Arabia South Africa Soviet Union Syria Turkey United States Uruguay Venezuela Yugoslavia

ALLIED POWERSYou do not need copy these down.

Albania Bulgaria Finland Hungary Romania Thailand

Axis PowersYou do not need to copy these down.Remember, some of these were partially occupied by the Germans or reliant on Axis power countries for food and supplies.

What was the Holocaust?

The systematic destruction of the Jews and others during World War II Had been disliked and persecuted

in Germany for hundreds of years.

How did Hitler hurt the Jews . . . First –economically . . . Ordered

Germans not to shop in stores owned by Jews.

Army made them leave their homes and move into crowded areas called ghettos.

Forced to work as slaves. Jews were forced into concentration

camps

Over 6 million people killed in death camps throughout Europe between 1933 and 1945.

What happened to the Jews after WWII?

Many were afraid to return to their homes.

Many countries restricted where they could go.

State of Israel was created in 1948 . . . Jewish people flooded into their new homeland.

Effects of WWII

Allied armies freed all nations in Western Europe that had been conquered by Germany.

Creation of the United Nations (UN)

Germany divided into 4 sections Eventually leads to the establishment of 2 nations▪ West Germany –Democratic▪ East Germany -Communist

Soviet Union moved into Eastern Europe Poland, Romania, Hungary, East Germany Set up communist “satellite” governments in Eastern

European countries . . . Government controlled everything.

Rise of Superpowers

United States vs. Soviet Union Emerged as 2 “superpowers”

had the military and political strength to influence worldwide events.

most European countries were destroyed

Distrust started between the USA and USSR USA didn’t like the USSR expanding its borders Different beliefs and political systems Both stockpiled weapons in case of war –nuclear arms race

Distrust grew into a state of tension called the Cold War –it never involved any fighting; both sides developed growing alliances

The Cold War

NATO –North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Alliance between countries created to

defend against Soviet aggression

Warsaw Pact –created by Soviet Union and its alliances in response to NATO

The “Iron Curtain” Falls on Europe

IRON CURTAIN Named by Winston Churchill of Great

Britain A political boundary dividing Eastern

and Western Europe.

People in countries controlled by the Soviet Union COULD NOT LEAVE! Armed guards watched over the borders.

What was the Berlin Wall?

At the end of WWII, Germany was divided into 4 parts.

Berlin was the capital of Germany (located in the Soviet section) and was divided into 4 zones as well West Berlin = sections controlled by

USA, France and Great Britain East Berlin = represented the Soviet

controlled sector of the city

What was the Berlin Wall?

Berlin Wall became the symbol of the “Iron Curtain”

After WWII, many East Germans moved to West Germany for better jobs and living conditions. To stop this outflow of people, East Germany built a wall. first constructed in the early morning hours of August

13, 1961. people of Berlin woke up to find a barbed wire fence

(later made of concrete) separating the city Armed guards patrolled the wall. Families and friends were separated.

What was the Berlin Airlift?

Once the Berlin Wall was built, over two million tons of food and supplies were sent by plane

Lasted 15 months

Collapse of USSR

Mikhail Gorbechev- leader of USSR in late 1980s; helped to lead the breakup of the Soviet Union

The Cold War is over!!

Soviet Union came to an end . . . . Divided into 15 individual

republics . . .