UNIT 3 NOTES:

THE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS

PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES George Washington (1788) John Adams (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816)

So Far………

ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS In 1815, republican James Monroe easily

wins the election to become the 5th president of the United StatesThe Federalist party soon fades outThe U.S. enters a period of growth and

prosperity Monroe’s two terms as President has come

to be known as the Era of Good Feelings (1817-1825)

The Supreme Court, during this era, would hand down several key decisionsCourt was led by Chief Justice John Marshall

NATIONALISM In 1800, people would have viewed

themselves as citizens of their community or state

By 1820, it was becoming clear that national citizenship was growing in importance

A new generation of American leaders sought to use federal government to unite the country

THE NATIONAL BANK The first Bank of the United States was

chartered in 1791

The First Bank of the U.S. dissolves in 1811After financial problems occur during the war,

the Second Bank of the U.S. is chartered in 1816

In 1816, Congress charters the Second Bank of the United StatesStrongly supported after chaos during War of

1812

POSTWAR BOOM AND PANIC In 1819 America experiences its first

depression

Known as the Panic of 1819 It began in London with British banks declared

that U.S. banks pay money that is owedAmerican banks, in turn, demand money of

Americans that they loaned outThis financially ruined many Americans who

did not have the money to pay off their loans

SUPPORTING THE NATIONAL BANK In 1819, Maryland tried to kill the national

bank by imposing high taxes on itThe case made its way to the Supreme Court

In McCulloch v. Maryland, Marshall ruled that Congress did have the authority to charter the bankThe powers of federal government went

beyond those stated in the ConstitutionCited Article I, section 8 necessary and proper

clause

THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE In 1819, Congress began debating admission of

Missouri into the union The basic issue at stake was slavery

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 had established that no state northwest of the Ohio River could be a slave state Missouri was not NW of the Ohio River and was not covered

After months of debate, under the leadership of Henry Clay, Congress agreed to the Missouri Compromise (1820) 1) Missouri would be a slave state, Maine would be free 2) As the U.S. expanded westward, territories north of the

36’30’ line would be closed to slavery

NATIONALISM ABROAD Starting with Monroe, Presidents also acted

to strengthen the nation’s foreign policy

One of Monroe’s main goals was to ease tensions with Great Britain1817 Rush-Bagot Agreement, called on both

sides to reduce warships in Great Lakes

Monroe was also concerned with European countries trying colonize in the western hemisphere

THE MONROE DOCTRINE President Monroe firmly spelled out

American policy on this issue in a speech on December 2, 1823

The Monroe Doctrine had four main parts: The U.S. would not take sides in European affairs The U.S. recognized existing colonies in the

Western Hemisphere and would not interfere with them

The U.S. would not permit any further colonization of the Western Hemisphere

Any attempt by a European power to take control of a nation in the western hemisphere would be viewed as a hostile action towards the U.S.

THE ELECTION OF 1824 In the election of 1824, no candidate could

boast about being a Revolutionary leader This election also marked the end of the Era of Good

Feelings Many issues of conflict had now spring up

Economic problems Spread of slavery

As Monroe’s second term came to an end, several republicans ran for office Secretary of State John Quincy Adams

(Massachusetts) Speaker of the House, Henry Clay (Kentucky) Secretary of War, John C. Calhoun (South Carolina) General Andrew Jackson (Tennessee)

Jackson’s Opponents in 1824

Jackson’s Opponents in 1824

Henry Clay[KY]

John Quincy Adams[MA]

John C. Calhoun[SC]

William H. Crawford[GA]

• Even with Jackson winning the popular

vote, he had to win the electoral vote as well.

• There were 261 total electoral votes and

Jackson needed 131 to win the electoral vote

and the election.• Jackson did not

receive a majority of electoral votes to win

the election. • Sent to the House of

Representatives to choose the president.

The Election of 1824

• 261 electoral votes and

131 needed to

win.

The “Corrupt Bargain”

The “Corrupt Bargain”

The Corrupt Bargain

• Henry Clay gives his support to John Adams and the House of Representatives chooses Adams as the President.

• Two weeks later, Adams appoints Henry Clay as his

Secretary of State….• Jackson cries out corruption and calls this the “Corrupt

Bargain.” • Jackson promises he would run again for the Presidency

in 1828 and would smash Adams.

corrupt

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS

One of the ablest men, hardest workers, and finest intellectuals ever in the White House.

But he lacked the common touch and refused to play the game of politics. Most found him cold and tactless. Could not build any popular

support for his programs.

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS

The election had united his enemies and was creating a new party systemAdams, Clay, and the minority became National-Republicans

Jackson and the majority became the Democratic-Republicans (later just Democrats)

MONROE LEGACY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwvH

tkCusHo

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS No other candidate could match his

experience in politics and foreign affairsServed as Secretary of State under MonroePlayed vital role in acquiring FloridaHelped devise the Monroe Doctrine

HENRY CLAY Energetic, entertaining politician Gift for Speechmaking He spoke to Congress supporting the

American System Government backed economic development Protective tariffs aimed to encourage business

growth Clay owned slaves but shared Jefferson’s

discomfort with slavery Tried to bring a gradual end to slavery in

Kentucky Freed his own slaves upon his death

JOHN C. CALHOUN Monroe’s Secretary of War Headed Committees that created:

the 2nd Bank of the U.S. A national road system A modernized navy Protective tariffs

Calhoun was a slaveholder that wanted to defend Southern sectional interests

He eventually withdrew from the crowded 1824 race

Instead he ran for Vice President, where he succeeded

ANDREW JACKSON Andrew Jackson was the 1824 wild card

He prided himself on being a government outsider

He was nicknamed “Old Hickory” for his toughness

He was a slaveholder who owned a plantation in Tennessee

Brilliant General who gained popularity through victories in the War of 1812

His opponents saw him as a poorly educated, ill-tempered rough-neck

THE CORRUPT BARGAIN In the election, Jackson won the most votes in

the electoral college, but he did not win a majority John Quincy Adams came in second

In February 1825, in line with Constitutional law, the House of Representatives voted on the election

Henry Clay used his influence as Speaker of the House to swing votes to Adams for victory Days later, Adams appoints Clay as his Secretary

of State Jackson’s supporters claim that Clay and

Adams had made a “corrupt bargain”