general radiography refers to procedures used to image chest, bones, gastrointestinal (gi) tract,...
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Special Radiographic examination
By Dr/ Dina Metwaly
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General Radiography refers to procedures used to image chest, bones, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, etc.
The following exams fall under General Radiology procedures:Chest, spine, abdominal and extremity x-rays.
Bone Mineral Densitometry (BMD) GI Procedures (Barium swallow, Upper GI, Small
Bowel Follow Through, and Barium Enema).
General radiographic examinations
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General radiography may be conventional or fluoroscopy. Examinations such as chest x-ray, spine x-ray or extremities are imaged electronically and viewed on a computer monitor.
Fluoroscopy is a type of medical imaging that shows a continuous x-ray image on a monitor, much like an x-ray movie. It is used to diagnose or treat patients by displaying the movement of a body part or organ. One example is a barium enema, which is used to view movement through the lower GI tract.
Bone mineral denistometry scans (BMD) help identify patients with low, or potentially low, density of their bones. Once identified, treatment can help prevent future bone fractures due to osteoporosis.
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An x-ray requires no special physical preparation. The patient does not need to restrict food or fluids prior to the test .
Always introduce yourself to the patient and state your profession.
Explain the procedure and the patient’s role. The patient will be asked to remove jewelry or
other metal objects and change into a medical gown,This is not necessary for x-ray of hands, wrists, feet or ankles.
PATIENT PREPARATION FOR GENERAL X-RAY
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ask if the patient is pregnant as x-rays are harmful to a fetus.
Female patients should remove their bra prior to an abdomen, chest or spine x-ray
Female patients must adhere to the 10-day rule (The 10-day rule states that female patients of childbearing age can only be x-rayed during the first 10 days of the patient’s menstrual cycle.
If the patients menstrual cycle is outside of these dates and the x-ray required is urgent then a pregnancy test should be ordered on the ward and a hard copy of the results given to the radiographer.
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Barium Swallow, barium meal & barium followthrough :
This is a fluoroscopic examination to visualize the G.I.T patient will be asked to take barium sulphate, which is a
radio-opaque contrast agent. Using the fluoroscopy machine, the radiologist will study the transit of the barium through the G.I. tract .
Preparation: The patient is required to be fasting for 8 hours prior to
their exam. Female patients must adhere to the 10-day rule
FLUOROSCOPIC PROCEDURES AND PATIENT PREPARATION
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.1. preparation 2. examination 3. aftercare Preparation:
a(Procedure B)patient C) x-ray room procedure Review imaging request form Justification of the examination Check previous studies Review relevant departmental protocols Infection control considerations Consider specific radiation protection requirements
The following checklist summarizes the radiographer’s role and the various stages that are followed during an imaging procedure.
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X-ray Room Room safe and tidy Optimization of exposure. X-ray generator set for correct
procedure Tube positioned for procedure Prepare image receptors/cassettes Accessory equipment available
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Patient Communicate effectively Introduce yourself and state your profession Correctly identify patient Check pregnancy status Explain procedure and gain consent Prepare patient if necessary, e.g. request they change
into a gown
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.2ExaminationPatient Care Wash/clean your hands in sight of the patient Communicate effectively Be friendly and sympathetic Give clear instructions Explain what you are doing Explain why you are doing it Invite and answer any questions
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Radiographic Procedure X-ray correct patient Follow department protocols Use a precise technique Be quick, safe and efficient Get it right first time Wash/clean hands following the procedure
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Radiation Protection Correct protocol Only essential people in the room Use optimal exposure Collimate to area of interest Apply lead protection if appropriate
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.3Aftercare: Assessment of Image Quality Patient Communicate effectively Explain what they need to do next Invite and answer any questions Arrange transport if necessary
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Angiography: -cerebral, abdominal peripheral-arteriography and venography;
lymphography, myelography, dental radiography, macroradiography, cardiac catheterization interventional radiography.
Special radiographic examinations
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Bye Bye