What were the new roles for American women in the 1920’s?

Gained the right to vote They were elected to state and local offices Entered the work force More and more women attended college

Why do you think women tended to vote as their husbands and fathers

did? Had same political views They were from similar backgrounds From fathers, they had heard political

viewpoint for years Pressure

How do you think World War I changed women’s lives?

They began to work outside of the home This brought more and more independence They wanted to break away from traditional

roles

How were supporters of women’s rights different from flappers?

Supporters of women’s rights wanted to advance women’s causes

Flappers were perceived as frivolous in attitude and behavior

Why do you think flappers lived in mostly urban areas?

Small towns and rural areas typically held traditional values

There was a growing divide amongst urban and rural people on values and what was normal and acceptable

What were the effects of growing urbanization in the U.S. in the 1920’s?

Shifts in values Greater interaction between rural and urban

populations (car, transportation) More young people were going to school School attendance increased along with growth

of American industry (why?)

What surprising information was revealed in the 1920 census?

More people lived in urban areas than rural areas

How did the automobile change life in rural areas?

People living in rural areas spent more and more time in towns

This began to make them more urban in outlook and values

Why do you think increasing educational opportunities changed rural populations?

More people went to high school, on to college or to city jobs

Did not return to the farm Began to see massive population movement

away from the countryside

In what ways did the 1920’s reveal a national conflict over basic values?

Conflicts between urban and rural values Rise of fundamentalism Growth of Ku Klux Klan (most were workers,

farmers, small business owners who saw their way of life ending) Targeted not just African Americans but also recent

immigrants, Catholics, Jews Scopes trial

What were the traditional values of rural America?

Religious Hard-working Self-reliant Independent

What was the issue at heart of the Scopes trial?

Whether or not evolution could be taught in public schools

Came to represent a number of other things (rural vs. urban)

Why did fundamentalists want to ban teaching evolution in schools?

They believed teaching evolution undermined religious faith; went against the Bible

What did the 18th Amendment and the Volstead Act do?

Made it illegal to manufacture, transport, or sell alcohol

Volstead Act was created to enforce the amendment (Prohibition agency)

What were the main arguments in favor of Prohibition?

Promote family stability Reduce crime Use grain for better purposes (food)

How did Americans obtain alcohol during Prohibition?

From smugglers Made their own Prescribed as medicine

How did the passage of the 18th Amendment and the Volstead Act lead to the rise of organized crime?

Demand for alcohol remained high Led to organized crime controlling the

smuggling and illegal sales of alcohol Al Capone - Chicago

What was the Great Migration, and what problems and opportunities faced African Americans in the post- World War I

era?

Thousands of African Americans moved to the North to escape segregation and violence; also for economic opportunities

Problems – violence, racial tension Opportunities – better jobs, higher wages

Why did northern industries recruit workers from the South?

During World War I – demand for armaments, planes, ships, etc. – factories could not find enough workers to fill the jobs

What factors contributed to racial tension in northern cities?

Shortage of jobs after the war created competition among blacks and whites

African Americans had different expectations about how society should treat them due to their service in the war

Why do you think African Americans moved to Detroit, Chicago, New York, and Washington, D.C.?

These cities had large industries which created jobs

African-American neighborhoods in these cities gave African Americans a home

What was Harlem, and how was it affected by the Great Migration?

African American neighborhood in upper Manhattan in New York City

It became the center for African American culture and activism

What was the purpose of the NAACP?

To end discrimination and mistreatment of African Americans

How did the NAACP differ from the UNIA?

NAACP founded by African Americans and whites to end discrimination and mistreatment of African Americans

UNIA founded by African Americans (Marcus Garvey); wanted them to look out for their own interests; did not want white involvement; pushed for a world-wide African movement

Why do you think poor African Americans were attracted to the UNIA?

Garvey was a charismatic leader Appealed to African American self-interests Wanted to maintain racial purity of African

Americans

Who were the key figures of the Harlem Renaissance?

James Weldon Johnson – journalist, educator, lawyer; wrote the song “Lift Every Voice and Sing”; became leader of NAACP; published a book of poetry called God’s Trombones

Langston Hughes – poet, writer; wrote of both black defiance and hope

Artists – William H. Johnson, Aaron Douglas, Jacob Lawrence

Paul Robeson – actor Bessie Smith, Louis Armstrong – jazz artists

What was a common theme of Harlem Renaissance writers?

Defiance, resistance

How did the writings of Langston Hughes differ from other Harlem Renaissance writers?

He wrote of hope, not just defiance His writings recorded the distinctive culture of

Harlem in the 1920’s

What is jazz? A musical form known for improvisation; many

times it’s composed “on the spot” Also know for its spirit, creativity Louis Armstrong – “Man, if you have to ask

what it is, you’ll never know”

What influence might the Harlem Renaissance have on future aspiring African American writers and artists?

The understanding that African Americans could be heard and achieve fame in their chosen careers

Creativity