© elsevier, 2011.principles of molecular virology virus gene expression mechanisms by which cells...
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Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
Virus Gene ExpressionVirus Gene Expression
• Mechanisms by which cells express the information
stored in genes
• Genome coding strategies of different virus groups
• How viruses control gene expression via transcription
and post-transcriptional methods
Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
Control of Expression in Control of Expression in Bacteriophage λBacteriophage λ
A simplified genetic map of λ
Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
Control of Expression in Control of Expression in Bacteriophage λBacteriophage λ
Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
Control of Expression in Control of Expression in Bacteriophage λBacteriophage λ
Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
Control of Eukaryote Gene Control of Eukaryote Gene ExpressionExpression
• DNA configuration
• Transcription
• mRNA stability
• Translation
Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
Virus Genome Coding StrategiesVirus Genome Coding Strategies
Class I: Double-Stranded DNA:
• Polyomaviruses and Papillomaviruses• Adenoviruses• Herpesviruses • Poxviruses
Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
Class II: Single-Stranded DNAClass II: Single-Stranded DNA
Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
Class III: Double-Stranded RNAClass III: Double-Stranded RNA
Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
Class IV: Single-Stranded Class IV: Single-Stranded (+)sense RNA(+)sense RNA
Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
Class V: Single-Stranded (–)sense RNAClass V: Single-Stranded (–)sense RNA
Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
Expression of ambisense virus Expression of ambisense virus genomesgenomes
Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
Single-Stranded (+)Sense RNA Single-Stranded (+)Sense RNA with DNA Intermediatewith DNA Intermediate
Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
Class VII: Double-Stranded DNA Class VII: Double-Stranded DNA with RNA Intermediatewith RNA Intermediate
Hepatitis B virus: Cauliflower mosaic virus:
Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
Transcriptional Control of Transcriptional Control of Expression - SV40Expression - SV40
Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
Transcriptional Control of Transcriptional Control of Expression - Retrovirus LTRsExpression - Retrovirus LTRs
Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
Transcriptional Control of Transcriptional Control of Expression - TransactivatorsExpression - Transactivators
Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
Post-transcriptional Control of Post-transcriptional Control of Expression - splicing in AdenovirusesExpression - splicing in Adenoviruses
Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
Ribosomal FrameshiftingRibosomal Frameshifting
Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
SummarySummary
• Control of gene expression is a vital element of virus replication
• Coordinate expression of groups of virus genes results in successive phases of gene expression
• Viruses rely on cis- and trans-acting mechanisms to enhance and coordinate the expression of their genetic information
Principles of Molecular Virology © Elsevier, 2011.
Further ReadingFurther Reading
Alberts, B. (Ed) (2007) Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th ed. Garland Science, New York. ISBN 0815341067.
Freed, E.O. and Martin, M. (2001) Human immunodeficiency viruses and their replication. In: Fields Virology, 4th ed., Fields, B.N., Knipe, D.M., and Howley, P.M. (Eds.), pp. 1971–2042. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA. ISBN 07817325
Giedroc, D.P. et al. (2000) Structure, stability and function of RNA pseudoknots involved in stimulating ribosomal frameshifting. Journal of Molecular Biology, 298: 167–185
Kannian, P. and Green, P.L. (2010) Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1): Molecular Biology and Oncogenesis. Viruses 2(9): 2037-2077. doi:10.3390/v2092037 Latchman, D. (2002) Gene Regulation: A Eukaryotic Perspective. BIOS Scientific, Oxford. ISBN 0748765301
López-Lastra M., et al. (2010) Translation initiation of viral mRNAs. Rev Med Virol. 20(3): 177-195.
Ptashne, M. (2004). A Genetic Switch: Phage Lambda Revisited. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York. ISBN 0879697164
Skalsky, R.L. and Cullen, B.R. (2010) Viruses, microRNAs, and Host Interactions. Annual Review of Microbiology 64: 123-141
Wu, Y. and Marsh, J.W. (2003) Gene transcription in HIV infection. Microbes and Infection, 5: 1023–1027