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INTRODUCTION

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1. INTRODUCTION

Computers and Information Technology has a major influence on our society and society has

become more and more dependent on technology. We need to change with change in society. In

this new era where computers are becoming the need of today, replacing the existing system

outdated methods of carrying out jobs, it is only natural that the organizations also turn to

computerization that will make them more equipped to take on challenges posed by today’s

environment.

Information is the backbone of an organization. Therefore, it has to be made constantly available

so that proper decision making can be ensured. Information technologies have a major influence

on our society and have more dependents on technology mostly because of the obvious shortcuts

it provides. By computerizing the system, it reduces the man power and helps in reducing the

intolerable world burden of handling increased amount of information and also increases the

efficiency of the system. Information Technology has a major influence on our society and has

more and more dependent on technology mostly because of the obvious shortcuts it given us in

such a society where one can communicate with a person in any corner of the globe in a few

seconds. Computers can play a major role in communication. Technologies such as internet

enables communication between people across the globe.



1.1 ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION

Almas book store was started in the year 1960. At the beginning it was comparatively a small

shop with limited number of books. Gradually it was grown up. Now it is one of the best book

stores in the district. Currently it has a wide collection of books.

The main person who is responsible for the running of the shop is the owner. There are a few

employees to help the owner. The main objective of the firm is to sell maximum books and build

reading habits among the people, thereby making profit to the firm. They are selling books in

retail as well as in a wholesale rate. Books will be purchased according to the order given by the

customer. Profit will be calculated at the end of each day.

1.2 ABOUT THE PROJECT

The main objective of the project is to develop an online book store system.The current system

is only computerized within that organization.The main aim of the project is to make the book

store system accessible to the community. Thus making the project more econonomical and

reducing the time consumption. Inorder to overcome the problems of the existing system,we are

adding more facilities and making the system online. The key feature of the project is the online

review of books and purchasing options

Almas Online book store provides a user friendly interface and perform necessary operations

according to the user’s request. Inorder to perform its functions our project is divided into the

following modules that perform specific functions .

The five important modules in our project are :

USER REGISTRATION

BOOK DETAILS ENTRY

VIEW BOOKS

SEARCH

ADVANCED SEARCH



1.3 EXISTING SYSTEM

In the existing system the customer needs to go directly to the merchant and purchase the

books.Here all the transactions are done directly. It is a time consuming job. It is a Computerized

system. The owner of the firm is automating the book stall with the help of a single system. It

may time consuming as their is only one system to manage all the transactions in the shop.

Books needed for the customer are purchased according to the order given. Outdated books are

returned back to the dealer. When a customer came in need of a particular book, the owner

should first of all search that whether it is available or not. After finding the books he has to

calculate the rate by checking the details and have to fill the receipt. The process is time

consuming and chance of error is high.

Limitations of the Existing System

Direct Transaction

In the existing system all the transactions are done face to face. If a customer need to

purchase a book the he has to approach the shop and buy it.

Payment by cash

After getting a book searched, the customer need to pay the bill by cash. The use of

credit card is not possible here.

Manual supervision causes wastage of time

There will be time lagging between transaction as there is only a single system to

automate the whole dealings.

Time limited access

The book stall could be accessed only in the working hours. The customer needs to wait

for the shop to be open.



1.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed system provides facilities to access the book system from anywhere in the

community. The customer can visit the site and purchase the book according to their

requirements. The main advantage of the system is that all transactions can be done through a

common network. Many features of e-commerce have been implemented here. Thus making it

more economical.

The existing system has certain limitations than a web based system. In order to wipe out those

limitations in the computerized system, we introduced a web based system. This will be able to

meet all the requirements of the user. The proposed system will be able to implement easily. In

this system there is no need of keeping files or records by the administrator. He can keep the

records in the computer system itself and can be shared among networks. The user is able to

acces all the information at any point of time.

Almas online book store provides a user friendly interface and performs operations according to

the user’s request. Almas allows the user to view any type of books available ,searching for a

particular book based on name ,author ,language, publication etc..and the user can also purchase

books based on his/her requirement. Inorder to purchase a particular book, the user should have

an account. The user can register directly to our site by filling an online registration form. After

registration, the user can log in to the site by using the username and password created during

registration. Only the registered user have the permission to purchase books from Almas online

book store.

The main five modules included in the project :

USER REGISTRATION

BOOK DETAILS ENTRY

VIEW BOOKS

SEARCH



ADVANCED SEARCH

USER REGISTRATION

If the user is new to the site, he/she can sign up to register by filling an online registration form.

A user id will be generated automatically and provided to registered user. If the user is already a

registered member of the site, he can open his account by simply signing in. If the user wants to

purchase a particular book, he/she should have an account.

BOOK DETAILS ENTRY

This modules is intended to enter the whole details about a new books. The details include name,

author , language , publication ,price etc. The administrator performs the above functions. This

module act as the base for other modules.

VIEW BOOKS

In this module the user will be allowed to view all the books available in the book store. The

main aim of this module is to display the details about the stock details in the Almas book store.

Eventhouh a registered as well as a new user could view the books, only the registered one is

allowed to purchase the a book from the book store.

SEARCH

Search module is one of the the main module of this project. With the help of this module the

user can search a particular book according to his/her wish. The user can done the searching

process on the basis of name, author, publication, language…etc.

ADVANCED SEARCH



The general search can only be done on the basis of a limited no of field. But the advanced

search solves this problem. Using advanced search the user will have a variety of choices for

doing the searching. The main attraction of this project is that the user can view a variety of

books on the basis of period of publication.

Advantages of proposed system

It provides more efficiency and flexibility:-Almas book store is a user friendly website.

So any user can access our site. It is also an efficient site for purchasing books as per the

users request.

It utilizes the advantage of E-commerce:- It is using credit card and paypal facility for

the payment .The register user of the site can do the payment by either of these method.

It is user friendly:-The website is designed in such a way that every kind of users would

get access to the site and the information can be retrieved in an easy way.

Ease of access of information:The details about a book in the book store can be viewed

accessed by every one. A large amount of information about a particular book can be

viewed by a single clik.

It will reduce the utilization of time:In the existing system the customer needs to go to

the shop and order for the book by searching the whole stock. But by making it online the

time for getting a book can be reduced.

24 hours accessability to the site:The Almas book store is an online site. So it can be

access 24 hours.



PROBLEM DEFINITION AND

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS



2.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION

The development of the personal computer brought about tremendous changes for the business,

industry, science and education. A similar revolution is occurring in networking also. Technical

advances are making it possible for communication links carry more and faster signals. The

networking environment changed the way in which business runs and also the way we live.

Business decisions have to be made ever more quickly and the decision makers require

immediate access to information.

Our project “Online Book Stall System” is an attempt to develop the already existing Book Stall

System as a web based application. This project will provide more facilities to the users. This

online book stall system makes all the transactions to be online, with out any face-to-face

interaction. It also provides extra security in purchase and payment.

2.2 FEASIBILITY STUDY

All the projects are feasible, given unlimited resources and infinite time. So feasibility study is a test

of system proposal, regarding its workability, impact on the organization, ability to meet user needs

and effective use of resources. An important outcome of the investigation was the determination that

the system requested was feasible. If the feasibility study is to serve as a decision document, it must

answer the key questions:

1. Is there a new and better way to do the job that will benefit the user?

2. What are the costs and savings of the alternatives?

3. What is recommended?

Three key considerations are involved in the feasibility study: Economic, Operational, Technical

Feasibility.



2.2.1 Economic Feasibility

Economic analysis is the most frequently used method of evaluating the effectiveness of the

candidate system and compare with the cost. More commonly known as cost-benefit analysis, the

procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate system and

compare them with costs. If benefits outweigh costs, then a decision is made to design and

implement the system.

The proposed system is cost effective in the sense; the number of computers, accessories and the

software, which have to be purchased, has to be optimized. If we could do the same task with a less

powerful system with lesser price, the system study report should contain that information and the

management can decide a very cost effective hardware purchase. Now to software side we have a

client server based system to be implemented, for that the essential purchase of operating systems,

database server and the front-end tool, we can go for so many options without compromising on the

effectiveness and robustness of the proposed system. Computerized system reduces the manpower,

thus the organization can save the salary for the employees also.

The proposed system is more economic than the existing system, since it uses GUI that

reduces the operating time of the system and also it is interactive and user-friendly, so the

chance of error is low and cost needed to correct the error is reduced.

Here the proposed system is considered to be economically feasible because a single system is only

needed for the admin to upload the data to the site. Thus it reduces the manual work. A person from

any where in the world could access the information easily the same time instantaneously with out

much cost.

2.2.2 Operational Feasibility



Once the change over takes place from existing manual system to the computerized systems,

depending upon the complexity of the installed computerized system, high quality Manpower should

be employed for the smooth functioning of the system. So we should select the platform and tools in

such a way that, once the system is up and running. Getting the right manpower for that system to

function successfully, should not be a cause to worry. The manpower should be easily available so

that even if one person leaves he can be easily replaceable.

Success of the new system pivots on its acceptance or non-acceptance by the organization. People

are inherently resistant to change and computers have been known to facilitate change. The

computer installations have something to do with turnover, transfer, retraining and changed to

employee job status. Therefore the introduction of a candidate system requires special effort to

educate, sell and train the staff on new ways of conducting business.

The proposed system is user friendly and easy to use. The site could be accessed by both the admin

and the customer. Also the work load is reduced for the admin and the total efficiency is improved.

2.2.3 Technical Feasibility

In an ever-changing software world, selecting one tool set and platform is a very difficult task. We

should be extremely careful in the selection of the software platform and their tools become

obsolete. If we ever select a platform or tool set of a company which are not there years to come, the

major setback will be the service, and we will be left with no options other than abandoning the

system. Then the next problem will be migration to a better system. Always we should be able to

select a tool set platform, which can seamlessly integrate into other software platforms and the

support for the future, should be ensured.

Here the proposed system is considered as technically feasible, because only the initial cost of

buying a computer is needed. The considerations that are normally involved with the technical

feasibility include development risk, resources, availability and technology.



SOTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION



3.1 INRODUCTION

A major element is building system is selecting compatible software. The system analyst has to

determine which software package is best for the candidate system. The basic idea behind

software requirement specification is to bridge the communication gap between the user and the

developer. SRS forms the basis of software development.

3.1.1 Purpose

The purpose is to develop user friendly and effective Book store website using ASP.NET. The

website should support advanced features and ability to link with the database and object-

oriented program. Proposed system should be more useful and hardware compatible when

compared to existing systems. The new system is almost error free and guides the user to avoid

mistake.

3.1.2 Scope

The scope of the project is identified at end of the initial investigation. The project deals with

creating account by filling a registration form , Viewing books, searching for a particular

book..etc

3.2 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS

The various requirements for development of the proposed system are behavioral requirements,

hardware requirements, and performance requirements.

3.2.1 Behavioural Requirements

It specifies the environmental in which we are working with the project. It centers on the

behavior of the user corresponding to the working of the system. The system is feasible because

of its user friendliness.



3.2.2 Hardware Requirements

Processor : Any new generation processor

RAM : Reasonable for the processor

Hard Disk Drive : More than 128 MB recommended

Key Board : Standard Keyboard recommended

Monitor : Any color monitor recommended

Display adapters : Super VGA

Floppy Drive : Not necessary

CD Drive : Not necessary

Printer : DeskJet 640 or above

NIC : Required

3.3 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Operating System : Any operating System supporting Internet Browsing

Front End : ASP.NET

Back End : Microsoft SQL Server

An Introduction to ASP.NET

ASP.NET is a web application framework developed and marketed by Microsoft to allow

programmers to build dynamic web sites, web applications and web services. It was first released

in January 2002 with version 1.0 of the .NET Framework and is the successor to Microsoft’s

Active Server Pages (ASP) technology. ASP.NET is built on the Common Language Runtime



(CLR), allowing programmers to write ASP.NET code using any supported .NET language.

ASP.NET is a part of the new .NET (dot net) Framework.

.NET Framework

The .NET Framework is the infrastructure for the new Microsoft .NET Platform. The .NET

Framework is a common environment for building, deploying, and running web applications and

web services. The .NET Framework contains a common language runtime and common class

libraries- like ADO .NET, ASP .NET and Windows Forms to provide advanced standard

services that can be integrated into a variety of computer systems.

The .NET Framework provides a feature -rich application environment, simplified development

and easy integration between a numbers of different development languages. The .NET

Framework is language neutral. Currently it supports C++, C#, Visual Basic, and Jscript(The

Microsoft version of JavaScript). Microsoft’s Visual Studio.NET is a common development

environment for the new .NET Framework ASP.NET has better language support, a large set of

new controls and XML based components, and better language support. ASP .NET provides

increased performance by running compiled code. ASP.NET code is not fully backward

compatible with ASP.

Data Set

Data Set store a copy of data from the database tables. However data sets cannot directly

retrieve data from database. Data Sets/Data Tables are useful when you need to manipulate the

data after reading it.This could either be additional process or allowing the user to

add/update/delete data. If you just have single tables, then use a Data Table. If you have multiple

table the use a Data Set, particularly if you need to keep track of data relationships.

Data Reader



A Data Reader is best for one-way, read-only, access to data. For example, to fill up a display

only Data Grid or the entries in a Dropdown List. In ADO DONET a Data Reader is broad

category of objects used to sequentially read data from a data source. Data Reader provides a

very efficient way to access data and can be thought of as a Fire hose cursor from ASP Classic,

except that no server-side cursor is used. A Data Reader parses a Tabular Data Stream from

Microsoft SQL Server and other methods of retrieving data from other sources.

A Data reader is usually accompanied by a command object that contains the query optionally

any parameters, and the connection object to run the query on.

Data Adapter

A data Adapter encapsulates the code necessary to read, insert, update or delete data from a

database. You can use it to fill either a Data Set or Data table(e.g:dataAdapter.fill(DataSet,

“TableNameInDataSet”) or dataAdapter.Fill(dataTable ) ).The advantage comes after you have

updated, inserted or deleted records from your Dataset/Data Table. To update these changes back

to the database just call dataAdapter. Update(data Table). The Data Adapter will know which

record have been changed and call appropriate sql to update the database.

Data Grid

Data Grid is a control to display the data in tabulated form. You can bind filled dataset to the

datagrid control, it will show the retrieved rows and columns of the table cached in the dataset.

New in ASP.NET

Better language support

Programmable controls

Event-driven programming

XML-based components



User authentication, with accounts and roles

Higher scalability

Increased performance-Compiled code

Easier configuration and deployment

Not fully ASP compatible

An Overview of Microsoft SQL Server

SQL stands for Structured Query Language. SQL is a generally-accepted command language for

asking questions of a database. An SQL front-end is a program that allows you to create SQL

reports. The front-end program provides you with methods for asking questions of the database.

Microsoft SQL Server is a Relational Database Management System from Microsoft. The

enhancements provided by Microsoft SQL Server 2000 as a RDBMS includes branded all new

features such as XML support, Federated Database Servers, User-defined functions, new data

types, Failover clustering enhancements, Kerberos and Security Delegation and the like. SQL

Server 2000 also provides graphical administration enhancements and English-query

enhancements to make the user work it with less effort.

Microsoft SQL Server 2000 extends the performance, reliability, quality and ease of use of

Microsoft SQL Server version 7.0. Microsoft SQL Server 2000 includes several new features

that make it an excellent database platform for large-scale online transactional processing

(OLTP), data warehousing and e-commerce applications. The Repository component available in

SQL Server version 7.0 is now called Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Meta Data Services.

References to the component now use the term Meta Data Services. The term repository is used

only in reference to the repository engine within Meta Data Services.

A Field contains one chunk of data such as name or phone number. A record contains related

fields such as person’s name, address and phone number. One or more records make up a

database table. For example, database table may contain name and address of employee and



another database table may contain salary details of all employees. One or more table makes up a

data file.



Adobe Photoshop cs3

Adobe photoshop or simply a photoshop, is a graphics editing program developed and published

by Adobe Systems.It is a current market leader for commercial bitmap and image manipulation

software, and is the flagship product of Adobe Systems. It has been described as “an industry

standared for graphics professionals” and was one of the early “killer applications” on the

macintosh, later also for MS Windows.

Adobe 2005 “Creative Suite” rebranding led to Adobe Photoshop 8’s renaming to adobe

photoshop CS. Thus Adobe Photoshop CS4 is the 11 th major release of Adobe Photoshop . CS

rebranding also resulted in Adobe offering numerious software packages containing multiple

Adobe programs for a reduced price. Adobe Photosop is included in most of adobe’s creative

suite offerings.

Photoshop has strong ties with other Adobe Software for media editing, animation, and

authoring. The .PSD(Photoshop Document),Photoshop’s native format, stores an image with

support for most imaging options available in photoshop. These includes layers with masks,

colour spaces, ICC profiles, transparency, text, alpha channels and spot colours, clipping paths,

and duotone settings. This is in contrast to many other file formats (eg:EPS or .GIF) that restrict

content to to provide streamlined, predictable functionality.

Adobe Flash

Adobe Flash is a multimedia platform orginallly accured by micromedia and currently developed

and distributed by Adobe Systems. Since its introduction in 1996, Flash has become a popular

method for adding animation and interactively particularly for web pages. Flah is commonly

used to create animation, advertisements, and various web page Flash components, to integrate

video into webpages, and more recently, to develop rich internet applications. Flash can

manipulate vector and raster graphics, and supports bidirectional streaming of audio and video. It

contains a scripting language called Action Script.



Several software products, systems, and devices are able to create or display flash content,

including adobe Flash Player, which is available free for other electronic devices. The Adobe

Flash Professional multimedia authoring program is used to create content for the Adobe

Engagement platform, such as web applications, games and movies and content for mobile

phones and other embedded devices. Files in the SWF format, traditionally called “Shochwave

Flash” movies, ”Flash movies” or “Flash games”, usually have a .swf file extension and may be

an object of a web page, strictly ”played” in a standalone flash player, or incorporated into a

projector, a self-executing flash movie(with the .exe extension in Microsoft Windows) .Flash

Video files have a .flv file extension and are either used from within swf files or played through

a flv-aware player, such as VLC ,or QuickTime and Windows Media Player with external

codec’s added.

Macromedia Dreamweaver 8

Adobe Dreamweaver (formerly Macromedia Dreamweaver) is a web development

application originally created by Macromedia, and is now developed by Adobe Systems, which

acquired Macromedia in 2005.Dreamweaver is available for both Mac and Windows operating

systems. Recent versions have incorporated support for web technologies such as CSS,

JavaScript, and various server-side scripting languages and frameworks including ASP,

ColdFusion, and PHP.

Dreamweaver allows users to preview websites in locally installed web browsers. It provides

transfer and synchronization features, the ability to find and replace lines of text or code by

search terms and regular expressions across the entire site, and a templating feature that allows

single-source update of shared code and layout across entire sites without server-side includes or

scripting. The behaviours panel also enables use of basic JavaScript without any coding

knowledge, and integration with Adobe's Spry Ajax framework offers easy access to

dynamically-generated content and interfaces.



Dreamweaver can use third-party "Extensions" to extend core functionality of the application,

which any web developer can write (largely in HTML and JavaScript). Dreamweaver is

supported by a large community of extension developers who make extensions available (both

commercial and free) for most web development tasks from simple rollover effects to full-

featured shopping carts. Dreamweaver, like other HTML editors, edits files locally then uploads

them to the remote web server using FTP, SFTP, or WebDAV. Dreamweaver CS4 now supports

the Subversion (SVN) version control system.

3.4 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

Evaluating a system includes the hardware and software as a unit. It requires an analysis of

several performance categories.

System availability

Compatibility

Speed

Cost

Usability

Performance

The programming language and its suitability to the users

Ease of installation and training

3.5 DESIGN CONSTRAINTS

System design is an approach to the creation of a new system. It provides the understanding and

procedural details necessary for implementing the system recommended in the feasibility study.

Emphasis is on translating the performance requirements in to design specification. Design goes

through logical and physical stages of developments.



SYSTEM DESIGN –PRELIMINARY



4. SYSTEM DESIGN –PRELIMINARY

The most creative and challenging phase of the system life cycle is system design. The term

design describes a final system and the process by which it is developed. It refers to the technical

specification that will be applied in implementing the candidate system. It also includes the

construction of programs and program testing. The key question here is: How should the

problem is solved? The first step is to determine how the output is to be produced and in what

format. Second, input data and master files have to be designed to meet the requirements of the

proposed output.

The final report prior to the implementation phase includes procedural flowchart, record layout,

and workable plan for implementing the candidate system.

The design phase focuses on the detailed implementation procedural flowchart of the system

recommended in the feasibility study. Emphasis is in translating performance specification into

design specification. The design phase is a translation from a user-oriented document to a

document oriented to the programmers or database personal.

System design goes through two phases of development: logical and physical design. When

analysis prepares the logical system design they specify the user needs at a level of details that

virtually determines the information flow into and out of system and the required data resources.

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The most creative and overwhelming part of system development lifecycle is system design. The

design activity is often divided into system design and detailed design. System design aims to

identify the modules and how they interact with each other to produce desired results. At the end

of system design all the data structures, file formats, output formats as well as the major modules



in the system and their specifications are desired. The detailed design phase focuses on the

detailed implementation of the system recommended in the feasibility study.

4.2 BASIC DESIGN APPROACH

System design focuses on the implementation of the system recommended in the feasibility

study. Emphasis is on translating performance specifications into design specifications. The

design phase is a transition from a user-oriented to the programmers or database personnel.

System design goes through two phases of development

Logical Design: When analyst prepares the logical system design, they specify the users need at

a level on detail that virtually determines the information flow into and out of the system and the

required data resources. The design covers the following:

1. Reviews the current physical system.

2. Prepares output specifications.

3. Prepare input specifications.

4. Prepare edit, control and security specifications.

5. Prepares implementation plan.

6. Reviews cost benefit, target data system constraints.

Physical Design: It produces the workable system by defining the design specification.

Procedure specifications tell how data are entered, how files are accessed. Physical system

design consists of the following steps:

1. Design the physical system.

2. Plan system implementation.

3. Devise a test and implementation plan and specify any new hardware or

software.

4. Update benefits, costs, and conversion date and system constraints.



4.3 USER INTERFACE DESIGN

Input design is the process of converting the user-oriented inputs into computer based format.

The input details are selected and processed in a computer acceptable form and then entered. The

user interface is designed using Visual Studio 2005. The goal is to input data into the system and

make data entry easy, fast and free from errors as much as possible. The input forms are

designed to enter the input data. A number of forms are used, each of which has a specific

purpose.

All the user interface is designed in Visual Studio and Adobe Photoshop. This project has several

interface to accept user requirements. The main user interface is designed in Photoshop and it is

loaded in to visual basic. All the other user interfaces are visual basic forms. The project has

several forms for book details addition, deletion, updation, sales and bill calculations.

4.4 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Data flow diagram is a way of representing system requirements in a graphic form. A DFD also

known as “bubble chart” has the purpose of clarifying system requirements and identifying

major transformations that will become programs in system design. So it is the starting point of

the design phase that functionally decomposes the requirements specifications down to the

lowest level of details. A DFD consists of a series of bubbles joined by lines. The bubbles

represent data transformation and the lines represent data flows in the system.



DFD Symbols:

In a DFD, there are four symbols

1. A square defines a source or destination of system data.

2. An arrow identifies data flow or data in motion. It is a pipeline through which

information flows.

3. A circle or a bubble represents a process that transforms incoming data flows into

outgoing data flows.

4. An open rectangle is a data source or data at rest or a temporary storage of data

constructing the DFD.



Several rules used in drawing DFDs:

1. Process should be named and numbered for easy reference.

2. The direction of flow is from top to bottom and from left to right. Data traditionally

flow from source to destination, although they may flow back to source.

3. When a process is exploded into lower details, they are numbered.

The names of data stores, sources and destination are written in capital letters. Process and data

flow names have the first letter of each word capital.



ADMINISTRATOR

ADMIN 1Sign In

1.1Language

Entry

1.2Category Entry

1.3SubCategory

Entry

1.4Book

DetailsEntry

LANGUAGE

CATEGORY

SUBCATEGORY

BOOKDETAILS

Entering new language

Entering newcategory

Entering newsub category

Entering new

book details

1.4.1Update



USER

USER

1Sign In

2REGISTER

1.1View Books

1.2Search

1.2.1Advanced

Search

VIEW RESULT

View Result

INVALID USER

LOGIN

REGISTER

BOOKDETAILSCh

eck

ing

Retr

iev

ing

Adding userdetails



SYSTEM DESIGN - DETAILED



5.1 INTRODUCTION

The design phase focuses on the detailed implementation of system recommended in the

feasibility study. Emphasize on translating performance specification into design specification.

The design phase is translated from a user oriented document to a document oriented to the

programmers or database personal.

System design is the most creative step in developing a system.

System design includes the following:

Input design

Output design

5.1.1 INPUT DESIGN

Input design determines the format in validation criteria of data entering the

system. It is the second task of the system design phase of the system process. Depending on the

nature if application and the users the data entry screen must change. As Almas is a website the

input screens are generated very attractive.

The entry screens in the system is reduced as much as possible, like the user

details entered once will not be asked anywhere in the system again. Once the user has just login

their name and password for recalling the whole details about the system. If he/she is a registered

user, then all the restricted areas are open for them. Input data is designed to meet the

requirements of the proposed system. Input design is the process by which the user-originated

inputs are converted to a computer based format. The major objectives of input design are:

Effectiveness



Accuracy

Ease of use

Consistency

Simplicity

Attractiveness

Input design is the process of converting user oriented inputs into computer based format. Inputs

are the sources of data for processing. Incorrect data input cause error in data manipulation.

During design input is designed such a manner so as to control error entered by data entry

operator. The input media used in this project are keyboard and mouse.

Following forms are used for input design:

ADMIN

1.Book details entry form

In this form we are adding the new book’s details arriving in to our existing system. It includes

book code, name, author, edition, publication, no: of copies, price, category, remarks and so on.

2. Language entry form

This form is used to enter all the languages in which the books are available like English,

Malayalam, Hindi...etc.

3. Category entry form

In this form the admin enter the category of book available in each languages such as literature,

magazines, newspapers….etc.

4. Subcategory entry form

This form is intented to store all the subcategories of books available. The subcategories include

career guidance, sports, business…etc.



USER

1.Registration form

This form helps the user to create a new account in Almas Online Book store inorder to

purchase books as an when required. It consists of details like name of the user, This module

contains all the functionalities given to a user if the user is new to the site, he/she can sign up to

register inside by filling a form. A user-id will be generated automatically and provided to the

registered user. If the user is already a registered member of the site, he can open his account by

simply signing in. The user can access details of the books or search for a particular book if he is

eligible.

5.1.2 OUTPUT DESIGN

Output design is an ongoing activity from the bigining of the project. During the first stage,

Output design determines what data the application should produce and how to organize and

present data.When we consider about a website the output will be the pages requested by the user

by clicking on the links and navigation buttons or picture links. Unlike the standard packages the

output of the system must be colourful and condensed format. When we design we must take

care of all type of people who can go through the site.Most people will be very much irritated

when they wanted to go to right or left and bottom and up for seeing the details on the

page.Unless it is so much desired care is to taken to restrict the page size is not bigger than the

screen.But there are some restrictions in the system as the different users of the internet all

around the world uses different monitor with different resolutions to browse the net. This may

cause some problems.

Since useful output is essential for gaining use and acceptance of the system we should consider

the following objectives while designing the output.

Output must serve the intented purpose.

Design output to fit the user.



Deliver the appropriate quantity of output.

Assure the output where it is needed.

Provide output on time.

Choose the right output method.

Output forms

1.Login form

This form helps the user to access the Almas Online Book store, after he/she has created an

account to purchase the books. This form enables the user to access all the facilities available in

the online book store. For the existing user he/she can sign in by entering the username and

password.

2.Viewbooks form

This form displays the result of the search previously done by the user. In this form all the

available information about the books can be viewed.

3.Book searching form

In this form we are searching the books in the book details table. Details of the available books

will be displayed in this form according to the specification of the User. Searching can be

performed in two ways: a general search and an advanced search. In general search, searching is

performed according to the category chosen by the user. In advanced search, searching can be

done according to the user’s choice ie; it can be either by name of the book, publication, author,

year of publishing…etc.

Once the outputs required are identified, the device used also should be determined. Factors like

compatibility of the output device with the system and response time requirement should be

considered while deciding the output device to be utilized. Output design is critical and requires

skill and ability to align user requirements with the capability of the system in operation.



5.2 EXCEPTION HANDLING

Appropriate error handling has been done in the project. All errors are routed to the pages which

will process the errors according to some session attribute and display appropriate messages. The

following errors are detected and error message are displayed.

1. If a user tries to use a wrong password the system ask him/her to re-login

2. If a user tries to enter a wrong or mismatch data, an error message will be displayed

and the user is asked to re-enter the correct data.

3. If any necessary information column is left unfilled, the user is asked to fill it with the

necessary information.

4. Various access levels are provided so that unauthorized persons cannot access or

make changes to the database.

5.3 SECURITY

Security is critical in system development. System security is an essential part of the increased

scale of computerization and the development of system in sensitive areas. The aims behind

security are to keep the system running, protect data as an asset and seek management support

for more installations. A project should provide enough security to the database. In this project

we applied normalization to the database as higher level. Only the user who has administrative

priority can access only to specific areas. It helps from unauthorized access and modifications.

There is a login name and password implemented in the project. If the user tries to enter using a

wrong password, the system asks him/her to login again. Thus we implement high security in the

system.



5.4 DATABASE DESIGN

File design refers to how the logical data structure is to be physically stored in the storage device.

The design of the file includes decision making on the nature and content of the file such that it

is to be used for storing details, transaction details or reference information. The other type of

files include input file, transfer file, output file etc. Various factors are considered during the file

design phase of the system analysis.

Relationship:

A relationship is an association among two or more entities. The relational model represents the

database as a collection of relations. Informally, each relation is thought as a table of values,

each row in the table represents a collection of related data values.

This project has one database for handling all the data needed for this system. This database

consist of several tables. Tables contains stock details, details regarding different books, details

regarding passwords for the administrator etc.

TABLE DESIGN

Table Name:LOGIN

Login table is used by the administrator to logon to the system.

Sl no Field Type Size Description

1 username Varchar 20 Username

2 password Varchar 20 Password



Table Name: LANGUAGE

The table is used to store different languages in which the books are available.

Sl No Field Type Size Description

1 Language Varchar 20 language

Table Name:CATEGORY

This table is used to store the different categories of books available.


1 Language Varchar 20 language

2 Category Varchar 20 category of book

Table Name:SUBCATEGORY

This table is used to store the different subcategories of books available.


1 Language Varchar 20 Language

2 Category Varchar 20 Category of book

3 Subcat Varchar 20 Subcategory



Table name: BOOK DETAILS

This table is used to the books available in the book store.

Primary key: bcode

Sl no Field Type Size Description

1 Bcode integer - Book code

2 Bname varchar 20 Book name

3 Author varchar 20 Author’s name

4 Publication varchar 20 Name of

publication

5 Language varchar 20 Language

6 Category varchar 20 Book category

7 Subcat varchar 20 Subcategory

8 Price float - Cost of book

9 Des text - Description

about book

10 Img varchar 20 Picture of book



NORMALIZATION

In order to avoid redundancy or data duplication we make use of real concept called

normalization. Data structure is redefined to a process called normalization. Data are grouped

together in the simplest way so that later changes can be made with minimum impact on data

structures. Normalization is the formal process of data structures in manners that eliminates

redundancy and promotes integrity. Normalization is the technique of separating redundant field

and breaking up a large table into a smaller one. It is also used to avoid insertion, deletion and

updating anomalies. Normal form in data modeling use two concept keys and relationship. A key

uniquely identifies a raw in a table. There are two types of keys, primary key and foreign key. A

primary key is an element or a combination of elements in a table whose purpose is to identify

records from the same table. A foreign key is a column in a table that uniquely identifies record

from a different table. All tables have been normalized up to the third normal form.

The important terms associated are

Entity : It is a data aggregate that represents number of data

elements

Attribute : These are property associated with each entity

Key : It is a unique identifier of the entity

Primary Key : It is an arbitrary choice of one of the candidate key that

helps to uniquely identify each record

In short the rules for each of the three Normal forms are shown below

First Normal Form

A relation is said to be in 1NF in all the under lying domain of attributes contain simple

individual values.

Second Normal Form

The 2NF is based on the concept of full functional dependency. A relation is said to be in 2NF if

and only if it is in 1NF and every non key attribute is fully functionally dependent on candidate

key of the table.



Third normal Form

The 3NF is based on the concept of transitive dependency. A relation in 2NF is said to be in 3NF

if every non key attribute is no transitive. All tables are interconnected using one primary key.

This primary key is used as candidate key in all others tables. This can avoid redundancy as the

duplication or data is reduced. But in some cases, we may have to give the same field names in

the different tables. It is mainly done for easy access and retrieval.

The organization of data in the database aims to achieve three major objectives

Data integration

Data integrity

Data independence

The databases are implemented using a DBMS package. Each particular DBMS has unique

characteristics and general techniques for database design.

The proposed system is normalized up to second normal form. In this proposed website, it stores

the information relevant for processing in the SQL server database. This SQL server database

contains tables, where each table is called a field or column. A table also contains record which

is a set of fields. All record, in a table with the same set of field with different information. Each

table contains key field that establish relationships in an SQL database and how the records are

stored. There are primary key fields that uniquely identify a record in a table. Primary key is a

constraint on attribute specifies whether null values permitted or not. It help to avoid the data

redundancy



TESTING AND

IMPLEMENTATION



6.1 TESTING

Testing is vital to the success of the system. System testing makes a logical assumption that if all

parts of the system are corrected, the goal will be successfully achieved. Inadequate testing or

non-testing leads to errors that may not appear until months later.

The testing of this project ensures that the data received by the user is accurate. The project gives

details of different books available in the book stall according to the customer wish. This is

ensured in the testing.

6.1.1 Unit testing

In computer programming, a unit test is a procedure used to validate that a particular module of

source code is working properly. The procedure is to write test cases for all functions and

methods so that whenever a change causes a regression, it can quickly be identified and fixed.

Ideally, each test case is separate from others.

This project has so many modules like new book insertion, deletion, updation of the book details.

All the individual modules are tested and validated for checking whether it gives the desired

output. After validating these modules we can say that all the modules of these system is

working perfectly and giving the desired output required by the administrator.

6.1.2 Integration Testing

Integration testing (sometimes called integration and testing and abbreviated I&T) is the phase of

software testing in which individual software modules are combined and tested as a group. It

follows unit testing and precedes system testing. Integration testing takes as its input values that

have been unit tested, groups them in larger aggregates, applies tests defined in and integrated

test plan to those aggregates and delivers as its output the integrated system ready for system



testing The purpose of integration testing is to verify functional performance and reliability

requirements placed in major design items.

Form validation involves checking all the form constraints like arithmetic, syntactical , logical

errors. Database validation involves checking constraints like primary key, foreign key, and all

the database validations avoiding data redundancy. All the modules of the system are tested and

now the modules are combined together and the integrated module is tested and validated for

checking whether the combined modules are working perfectly or not.

6.1.13 Validation testing

Validation testing is a concern which overlaps with integration testing ensuring that the

application fulfills its specification, is a major criterion of integration testing. Validation testing

also overlaps to a large extend with system testing, where the application is tested with respect

to its typical working environment.

Consequently for many processes no clear division between validation and system testing can be

made validation testing.

Specific tests can be performed in either or both stages includes the following:

1. Regression Testing: where this version of the software is tested with the automated test

harnesses, used with previous versions to ensure that the required features of the previous

versions are still working in the new version.

2. Recovery Testing: where the software is deliberately interrupted in a number of ways, for

example taking its hard disk off line or even turning the computer off, to ensure that the

appropriate techniques for restoring any lost data will function.



3. Security Testing: where unauthorized attempts to operate the software or part of it, are

attempted. It might also include attempts to obtain access the data or harm the software

installations or even the system software. A with all types of security it is recognized that

someone sufficiently determined will be ale to obtain unauthorized access and the best

that can be achieved is to make this process as difficult as possible.

4. Stress Testing: where abnormal demands are made upon the software by increasing the

rate at which it is asked to produce information. More complex tests may attempt to

create very large data sets or cause the software to make excessive demands on the

operating system.

5. Performance Testing: where the performance requirements, if any, are checked. These

may include the size of the software when installed the amount of main memory and/or

secondary storage it requires and the demands made of the operating system when

running within normal limits of the response time.

6.2 IMPLEMENTATION

Implementation is the process of converting the system design into code, testing the system and

giving the user training. Implementation of a new system design is a crucial phase in the system

development life cycle.

There are three types of implementations:

1. Implementation of computer system to replace manual system

In this type of implementation the existing manual system is replaced to create a computerized

system which manages the same work but in an efficient way. In this project “Book Stall

Management System” the existing manual system is to be replaced with the fully automated



system. The problem encountered are converting files, creating accurate files and

verifying printouts for integrity.

2. Implementation of new system to replace existing system

In this type of implementation the existing system is replaced by the new system which deals

the problems and characteristics of the system in a very different way. The only advantage of this

implementation is that detailed study about the current system is not required. This is usually a

difficult conversion. If not properly planned there can be many problems.

3. Implementation of modified application to replace an existing one.

In this implementation the current system is modified in the proposed system to include new

modules or to edit the bugs in the current system. The advantage is that there need not to be

much effort to be made in the design phase. The important point is in understanding the current

system and understanding its deficiencies accurately. This type of conversion is relatively easy to

handle provided there are no major changes in the files.



CONCLUSION AND FORSEEABLE

ENHANCEMENTS



7.1 CONCLUSION

All the suggestions forwarded in the software proposal have been completed and the final

threshold or the application has been crossed. Viewing through the system development a brief

figure can be seen as follows.

Comprehending the problem

Studying the existing scenario

Building up the course of action to reach up the goal

Designing the problem

Visualizing the solution as reports

Preparing the system with test data

Suggestions

As mentioned early this site is only the preliminary stage of the full expansion plan of the

book store system and it has also a wide variety of improving chances. As and when the

technology and the business plans are improving additional facilities can be added to the

system without disturbing the existing part much.

7.2 FOESEEABLE ENHANCEMENTS

The system is designed in such a way that addition of new modules can be done without

much difficulty. The reconstruction of the system will increase the flexibility of the

system.The system has develop as a versatile and user friendly as possible keeping in mind

the advanced features in this technology. Using ASP.NET and SQL server, the system was



developed and tested with all possible samples of data. As a whole, the system was well

planned and designed.



BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. An Integrated Approach to Software Engineering by Pankaj Jalott,3rd Edition, Narosa

Publications

2. Professional ASP.NET which is written by Jesse Liberty and Dan Hurwitz and is published by

oreilly publications, 3rd Edition

3. Professional ASP.NET 3.5: in C# and VB which is written by Bill Evjen, Scott Hanselman and

Devin Rader and is published by Wrok publications, 3rd Edition

4. System Analysis and Design by Elias. A. Award(second edition), Galgotia publications

5. Black Book of ASP.NET(2006 Edition) -Steven Holzner

6. www.google.com/readbooks

7. www.amazon.com

8. www.readprint.com

9. www.slipkarp.com

10. www.homeshop.com

11. www.magazinemall.com

12. www.nbcindia.com


http://www.nbcindia.com/

http://www.magazinemall.com/

http://www.homeshop.com/

http://www.slipkarp.com/

http://www.readprint.com/

http://www.amazon.com/

http://www.google.com/readbooks


SAMPLE SCREENS



1.LOGIN

This form is used by a registered user to logon to the site.



2.REGISTRATION

This form is used to create an account to get complete access to the web site.



3.VIEW BOOKS

The purpose of this form is to display the books available in the bookstall.



4.VIEW DETAILS

This form is used to view the complete details about the book including its description.



5.SEARCH

This form is used in order to search a book on the basis of category.



6. RESULT OF SEARCHING

The result of searched category will be displayed in this form.



7. ADVANCED SEARCH

Advanced search helps the user to search for a particular book on the basis of name, author, publication, category, year of publication.



8.RESULT OF ADVANCED SEARCH

The result of advanced search will be displayed in this form.



9.PAYMENT

It shows the mode of payment allowed to the user.



10.THANK YOU

This form is displayed after the customer purchased a book from the book store.



11. ABOUT US

This form gives an over view about the Almas book store.



12. CONTACT US

This form is used by the user for enquiry purpose


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