Basics of Ecology and Science1. Use the water cycle to identify what process each letter below represent.

A:B:C:D:E:

2. Which of the following describes the process of water leaving plant leaves or tissue as a gas?

a. Evaporationb. Transpirationc. Condensationd. Sublimation

3. In a food web shown the rabbit is a(an)

a. herbivoreb. producerc. carnivored. omnivore

4. In a food web shown the goat is a(an)

a. herbivoreb. producerc. carnivored. omnivore

5. Which of these is the greatest limiting factor for plants that grow on the floor of a rain forest?

a. Herbivores b. Water c. Sunlight d. Space

6. In the growth curve shown K represents the population’sa. environmental

resistanceb. biotic potentialc. carrying capacityd. growth decline

7. In the growth curve shown shows what type of growth?a. exponentialb. logisticc. eutrophicd. declined

Fossil Fuels8. What fossil fuel supplies over half of the US’s electricity?

a. Natural gasb. Plutoniumc. Coald. Gasoline

9. Which fossil fuel creates the lowest amount of carbon dioxide and other pollution when burned?

a. Natural gasb. Petroleumc. Coald. Ozone

10. Why are fossil fuels called “fossil fuels”?a. They are made of dead stuff.b. The dinosaurs used them to generate energy.c. They are made by burning the fossil remains of old dinosaurs.d. They’re old fashioned, like a fossil.

11. Which of the following is a biomass fuel?a. Crude Oilb. Woodc. Petroleumd. Natural Gas

12. What is the best description of a non-renewable energy source.a. A source of energy that we can only use once.b. A source of energy that we are using faster than it can re-generate.c. A source of energy that we do not want to keep using.d. A source of energy that only works at certain times or on certain days.

13. Oil can be used to make all of the following EXCEPTa. Gasolineb. Plasticsc. Jet Fueld. Minerals

Energy!14. Which of the following collect sunlight and convert it to electrical energy

directly? a. photographic cellsb. photovoltaic cellsc. passive solar collectorsd. This technology has not been developed yet.

15. True or False: Geothermal pumps can warm houses in the summer and cool them in the winter?

16. What is a major disadvantage to many renewable energy sources? a. They are clean burning energy sources.b. They emit too much pollution.c. They are dependent on weather conditions like sun and wind. d. They require expensive drilling and mining to get the fuel source.

17. Which process (1 or 2) above shows fusion?

18. Which process (1 or 2) above shows fission?

19. Do nuclear power plants use fusion or fission?

20. This diagram shows how energy in the home is used. What energy use is represented by the two largest fractions combined (29% and 17%)?

a. Space heating and coolingb. Cell phone chargingc. TV and computersd. Cooking

1

2

Soil21. Which layer shown below is closed to the bedrock and

would thus contain the most parent mineral matter?a. Ab. Bc. Cd. O

22. Which layer doe most plants their nutrients from?a. Ab. Bc. Cd. O

23. Which of the following is a way to prevent soil compaction?

a. Posting signs on trails and recreation areas encouraging people to stay on the designated walkways.

b. Remove plant cover and grass so that the soil can soak up the air.c. Aerate the soil to encourage percolation and air absorption.d. Encourage animals and people to run and bike over the area to keep

the soil well in place.

Air24. Which of the following is the best analogy for the thickness of the

atmosphere compared to the Earth.a. As thick as a warm down coat over a person.b. As thick as a coat of varnish on a globe.c. As thick as all the flesh (white part) of the apple compared to the core.d. As thick as an OtterBox cover for your phone.

25. Use the air concept map to list which source of pollution is most responsible for global warming.

26. Use the air concept map to list which source of pollution is most responsible for Ozone depletion.

27. Where do CFC’s come from?a. Aerosolsb. Foam plasticsc. Refrigeratorsd. All of the above

28. Because air can easily move from one location to another carrying pollution with it, we call air pollution

a. a toxic cloud.b. a global problem.c. an air mass.d. a weather front.

29. The diagram above shows how Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere can causea. Smogb. Ozone depletionc. Ocean acidificationd. Global Warming

30. Which image shows the formation of acid rain?A) B)

C) D)

31. True or False: Sick building syndrome is a problem mostly in hospitals.

Water Properties

• Polar molecule – opposite charges on opposite ends• Cohesion - water sticks to itself• Adhesion – water sticks to other molecules• High specific heat – can absorb a lot of energy

without changing temperature• Density – how closely packed the particles are.

Solid is less dense than liquid.• Universal solvent of life – dissolves many

substances.

32.Water’s ability to cling to other surfaces, is called ________________________.33.Water’s ________________________ is a measure of how close the water

molecules are to each other. In other words, how compact the substance is.

34.We rely on sweating to cool our body down when it begins to overheat. This process of evaporative cool takes advantage of water’s ___________________________.

35.Water is a ___________ molecule, meaning that opposite ends of the molecule have opposite charges.

36.As groundwater flows through the soil it dissolves and picks up minerals that it carries with it. The ability of water to dissolve so many substances makes it know as the ____________________.

37.A bug that stands on the surface of the water is relying on the property of water known as ___________.

Water Use and Sources

Industrial Uses for water• Transport goods• Dispose of wastes• Coolant for power production

Agricultural uses for water: Irrigation• Flood – flooding of an area that is

flat• Furrow- releases water into

ditches dug between crop rows• Overhead irrigation – sprinkler

systems and drip or trickle from above the crops.

• Subirrigation – water is introduce beneath the soil

38. Of the types of irrigation below, which one is considered the most efficient because little water is lost to evaporation?

a. Furrow irrigationb. Overhead irrigationc. Drip irrigationd. Flood irrigation

39. In industry most of the water used is for what process?A. washing productsB. making paperC. cooling D. waste disposal

40. What percentage of the water on Earth do we use for drinking water?

a. 1%b. 10%c. 50%d. 100%

41. Where do we get most of our drinking water

e. Oceansf. Iceg. Surface and

groundwaterh. Vapor and clouds

42. How does water move from precipitation on the soil into an aquifer?

i. Through runoffj. Through transpiration

Percentage of water

Water uses in the USagricultural 47%residential9%industrial44%

47%

9%

44%

Water Uses in the United States

agricultural

residential

industrial

k. Through condensationl. Through percolation

Water pollution

43. Use the Concept Map to fill in the correct words for each letter below.

a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.

44. Identify each as point or non-point pollution.

a. Mercury dumped from Dupont Plantb. Excess nutrients from lawn fertilizers in the city.c. BP oil blow-out d. Oil and toxic chemical from cars driven on city road and

parked in parking lots.

Biodiversity

45. Which of the following is NOT a threat to biodiversity?a. exotic species c. poachingb. habitat destruction d. keystone species

46. Disturbing an area of an ecosystem where an organism lives is calleda. evolution c. loss of biodiversityb. habitat destruction d. extinction

47. Most of the loss of biodiversity in ecosystems is caused by a. habitat

destructionb. collectors c. pollution d. poaching

48. Conflicts that arise in trying to preserve biodiversity include all of the following EXCEPT

a. balancing the needs of humans versus the needs of other species.b. short-term benefits versus long-term resources.c. job security versus protection of biological resourcesd. the cost of preserving animal species versus the cost of preserving plant species

49. Which food web above shows the benefits of having a high biodiversity on the health of an ecosystem?

50. Biodiversity can benefit a. medicine.b. agriculture.c. the economy.d. All of the above.