Discuss Science Paper Business Environmentalism vs. C&C

life cycle analysis; design for environment Why Business go green

competitive advantage vs. social license Achieving product differentiation

Corporations are actors with best knowledge about markets, products, inputs, production processes, capital, supply chains, and available technologies. Apple – all renewable energy; exceed energy star Pepsi- reduce water usage 20%

If given proper incentives, corporations can achieve gains never imagined by regulations and more efficiently. Who needs Clean Water/most concerned hydrofracking

Coke or Clean Water Action

1. Cut costs

2. Lower eco-risks

3. Drive revenues• Green markets• New market

space

4. Promote intangible value

• Brand building3

ECO-ADVANTAGE PLAYS

© YALE CENTER for ENVIRONMENTAL LAW & POLICY

Why do companies go green? Social License Theory

Caveat #1(your moment of skepticism)

Corporations #1 Responsibility?

Caveat #2

Zespri® Organic Green Kiwifruit is grown to the strictest organic standards, and is certified by Bio-Gro, New Zealand’s organic protocol organization. New Zealand’s reputation for its clean, green environment is internationally acclaimed. Our growers are constantly striving to ensure that their horticulture practices are environmentally friendly and the fruit they produce is safe beyond doubt http://zesprikiwi.com/home-consumers/zespri-kiwifruit/organic-kiwifruit

Sustainability We strive to be a world-class operator, a

responsible corporate citizen and a good employer. We believe we have a positive role to play in meeting growing energy demand around the world

BP

8

Two green business strategies

Talk: Broad statements about major directions that focus on reducing depletion and pollution, and increasing sustainability BP: Beyond Petroleum

Action: Specific decisions about major investments that focus on reducing depletion and pollution, and increasing sustainability TXU: Cancel 8 coal plants, spend $400M on energy efficiency

Thought Experiment Nature’s First Paper Company Northern Atlantic Paper Company

For firms to achieve differentiation based advantages through green production

https://skidmore.qualtrics.com/SE/?SID=SV_ebuY7B7WtuQ5ypn

Millenial Survey

Labels are hard to read. implication?

Environment commitment may matter

Lumber Shopping Dilemma American Forest and

Paper Association

forest product consumers and traders

Would you trust the American Forest and Paper Association?

At stake… Social license theory...

Labels can be real, and not matter

Should Skidmore Go Green

Why Should Skidmore Go Green

cut costs achieve product

differentiation in a highly competitive marketplace

Skidmore community bikeshare community garden solar microhydro tray less dining geothermal sustainability

coordinator etc

Who’s the Greenest of them all?

Getting Skidmore to go green? Product Differentiation

President’s Climate Commitment

Divestment? Revoking the Social

License

Labelling- 3rd party or government certified enables product differentiation based on environmental attributes

Industry association

Intersection with Public Policy

EPA Partnership Programs

address a wide variety of environmental issues by working collaboratively with companies, organizations, communities, and individuals.

more than 13,000 firms and other organizations participating in EPA Partnership Programs

Partnership Model

Dissemination of information Public recognition Modest subsidies Regulatory benefits

Agriculture

The AgSTAR Program  voluntary outreach and educational program that

promotes the recovery and use of methane from animal manure.

http://www.epa.gov/agstar/ Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Progr

am

Reduce risk from the use of pesticides and to go beyond regulatory requirements to a higher level of environmental stewardship.

Sixth AgSTAR National Conference, taking place in Boise, Idaho!

The conference will include technical presentations on a variety of topics related to anaerobic digestion, expanded networking events, and an exhibit hall. We are also planning a tour of an anaerobic digester system 

Pennsylvania Digester Workshop

Market Opportunities for Biogas Recovery Systems at U.S. Livestock Facilities

. 

Anaerobic Digestion Potential at Swine Farms (June 2010)

USDA Financial Assistance

Rural Energy for America Program Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels

Protocol for Quantifying and Reporting the Performance of

Anaerobic Digestion Systems for Livestock Manures.

Steve Dvorak, GHD, Inc. Thomas Fiesinger, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority Curt Gooch, Cornell University M. Charles Gould, Michigan State University Richard Hegg, USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Darren Hickman, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service John Katers, University of Wisconsin—Green Bay Joseph Kramer, Energy Center of Wisconsin William Lazarus, University of Minnesota Norma McDonald, Organic Waste Systems, Inc. Steffan Mueller, University of Illinois at Chicago Jenny Pronto, Cornell University Kurt Roos, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Diane Saber, Renewable Energy and Environmental Consultants Joe Schultz, Wisconsin Focus on Energy Daniel Scruton, Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Food, and Markets Melissa VanOrnum, GHD, Inc.

Information

What to Expect When You Clean Out a Plug Flow Digester

Anaerobic Digestion of Flushed Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters Control Odors, Reduce P

athogens, Improve Nutrient Manageability, Can be Cost Competitive with Lagoons, and Provide Energy Too!

Number of Operating Digesters (November 2010)

Success?

Green Racing Initiative Working with SAE, EPA created a work group

that has developed a set of draft voluntary protocols that will turn racing into a laboratory for energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gasses and auto emissions without slowing the cars or spoiling the sport.

Responsible Appliance Disposal Partnership The Responsible Appliance Disposal (RAD) program is a program where

partners recover ozone-depleting chemicals from old refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners, and humidifiers.  Using best practices, RAD partners ensure that: refrigerants are recovered and reclaimed or destroyed; foams are recovered and destroyed, or the blowing agent is recovered and reclaimed; metals, plastic, and glass are recycled; PCBs, mercury, and used oil are recovered and properly disposed.  As part of the RAD program, EPA serves as a technical clearinghouse on responsible appliance disposal program development and implementation; calculates annual and cumulative program benefits in terms of ODS and GHG emission savings and equivalents and, provides partner recognition for achievement, such as through press releases, brochures, articles, and awards.  RAD partners include utilities, municipalities, retailers, manufacturers, universities, and other interested organizations.

GreenChill EPA and the supermarket, refrigeration equipment and chemical refrigerant

industries have established the Greenhill Advanced Refrigeration Partnership – a voluntary program to promote green technologies, strategies, and practices that protect the stratospheric ozone layer, reduce greenhouse gases, and save money.  Partners must pledge to go above and beyond regulatory requirements by establishing an inventory of current refrigerant emissions that may affect climate change and the stratospheric ozone layer, and then setting reduction targets for these emissions.  EPA estimates that widespread adoption of advanced refrigeration technologies, best practices, and improved equipment design and service could reduce refrigerant emissions. To counteract the depletion of stratospheric ozone, which protects earth's citizens from the sun's ultraviolet radiation, partners guarantee to use only ozone-friendly alternatives and advanced refrigeration technologies in all new and remodeled stores.

GreenScapesUnifies government and industry, thereby influencing the reduction, reuse, and recycling of waste materials in large-scale landscaping by providing cost-efficient and environmentally-friendly solutions that conserve natural resources and energy.

Carpet America Recovery Effort  To increase the amount of recycling and reuse of post-consumer carpet, and reduce the amount of carpet going to landfills. 

Thoughts on Partnership Model

33/50 Program17 Targeted Chemicals

Benzene Carbon tetrachloride Chloroform Dichloromethane Methyl ethyl ketone Methyl isobutyl ketone Tetrachloroethylene Toluene 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Trichloroethylene Xylenes Cadmium and cadmium compounds Chromium and chromium compounds Cyanide compounds Lead and lead compounds Mercury and mercury compounds Nickel and nickel compounds

Percent Change in Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program Chemicals:Ozone Depleters vs. Others, 1988-1995

Business School

Businesses seek competitive advantage by reducing costs & product differentiation. M. Porter

Social License theory Esty and Winston

Political Economy (Chicago School)

Corporations seek competitive advantage via public policy. G. Stigler

Baptists Bootleggers

Companies Industries Countries