오픈소스와 소프트웨어비즈니스 - db lab 홈페이지...

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오픈소스와소프트웨어비즈니스오픈소스패러다임과소프트웨어비즈니스의변화와가능성에대하여

정철환 ([email protected])하이트론씨스템즈 SI 사업팀장

덕성여자대학교특강 2005. 5정철환 2

오픈 소스 란?

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Free Software Movement

Free Software is a matter of liberty not price. You should think of "Free" as in "Free Speech".

1984, Richard Stallman

Open Source의근본배경


전통적인소프트웨어모델

Source Code Compile

• Copyright

• Trade secret

• Patents

• Restrictive employment agreements

Product: binary code

XYZ Software

• Copy protection

• End-user license agreements

• “Activation”

(출처: IBM)

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오픈소스소프트웨어모델

Source Code Compile

binary code

Internet

(출처: IBM)


오픈소스 vs. 프리(free) 소프트웨어

For free:Everybody can execute it

Everybody can modify the source code

Everybody can distribute it

Everybody can distribute a modified version of the source code

Open source software

Freeware (free private software)Private software

Open source software is characterized by the ability to acquire a software freely, get access to its source code,

modify it and distribute a modified version of it

*

(출처: Salvaggio)

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오픈소스소프트웨어의특성

What are the open source

model specificities?

A method of development*

Specific intellectual

property rules

A source code available to everybody

“Viral” licenses

Non viral licenses

Everybody can get it mostly for freeEverybody can modify it

Everybody can distribute it

Organization & structure

Project process

Incentives/type of benefits

No clearly registered developers community

Unformal (sometimes, non hierarchical) relationships among developers

Charismatic leader ensuring consistency of developments

Large projects have a centralized project planning and resources allocation. Small don’t but project contributions are centralizedMassive debugging approach

Non-lucrative approach for most developers

Merits of contributors made public (“meritocracy”)

Large projects have release schedule. Small don’t

(출처: Salvaggio)


오픈소스소프트웨어의일반적인특성

Open source doesn't just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open-source software must comply with several structured criteria:

• Free Redistribution • Source Code • Modifications and Derived Works• Integrity of The Author's Source Code• No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups• No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor• Distribution of License• License Must Not Be Specific to a Product• License Must Not Restrict Other Software• License Must Be Technology-Neutral

Rationale

(출처: Salvaggio)

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오픈소스의발전

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

• Researchers• Scientists

• Service providers• Small businesses• “Hidden” use in

medium-sized and large operations

• Enterprise early adopters: retail, finance, insurance

• Enterprise deployment

• Additional industry adoption

• Major enterprise adoption

Early adopters Mainstream

(출처: Salvaggio)


The GPL

GNU General Public License (”GPL”), see fsf.orgThe world’s most widely used open source / free software licence (Linux is licensed under the GPL)Is compliant with the ”Open Source Definition”, see opensource.orgIs completely open and completely non-discriminatoryStands for freedom (as in ”freedom of speech”)Is NOT anti-commercialIs NOT in conflict with ownership of source code

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The GPL

GPL requirement carries over– ”You must cause any work that you distribute or

publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.”

As is, no warranty

No trademark license included


오픈 소스의 확산

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오픈소스확산의배경

LAMP의성공– 인터넷비즈니스붐에따른 Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP 의비약적인성공

– 인텔서버의성능향상

– 서버하드웨어벤더의적극적인후원

– 안정적인커널의개발

OSS 사업모델의개발– Red Hat의유료서비스정책– 하드웨어및소프트웨어기업들의 OSS 접목서비스하락하는하드웨어가격

– 상대적으로고가인소프트웨어의부담– 하드웨어성능향상에따른소프트웨어의신뢰성향상마이크로소프트의잦은보안사고

– 상대적으로 OSS의신뢰성에대한긍정적인평가


Linux –산업계확산

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Linux –확산단계별주요이슈


Linux –서버 OS 점유율

IDC Server Market Quarterly Forecaster & Tracker, 4Q03

Server Shipments

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Est

2004Est

2005Est

2006Est

2007Est

% o

f Ser

ver

Uni

ts S

hipp

ed

Unix Total Other OSWindows Linux

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Linux Infrastructure Standard

Apache Web Server

MySQL Database Server

JBoss Application Server with Tomcat

Open LDAP Directory Server

PingID Identity Management Server

Jabber XML Messaging Server


오픈소스데이터베이스

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오픈소스 DB Timeline


PingID

Identity Infrastructure

A whole new worldof Applications & Security.

App

licat

ions

Global Logon & Logoff

Dynamic User

Provisioning

UserAttributeSharing

Between Applications, Domains & Companies

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오픈소스 IDE - Eclipse

Provide open platform for application development tools– Run on a wide range of operating systems– GUI and non-GUI

Language-neutral– Permit unrestricted content types– HTML, Java, C, C++ JSP, EJB, XML, GIF, …

Facilitate seamless tool integration– At UI and deeper– Add new tools to existing installed products

Attract community of tool developers– Including independent software vendors (ISVs)– Capitalize on popularity of Java for writing tools



Platform Runtime

Workspace

Help

Team

Workbench

JFace

SWT

Eclipse Project

JavaDevelopment

Tools(JDT)

Their Tool

Your Tool

AnotherTool

Plug-inDevelopmentEnvironment

(PDE)

Eclipse Platform

Debug

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Tool bar

PerspectiveandFast Viewbar

ResourceNavigatorview

Stackedviews

Propertiesview

Tasksview

Outlineview

Bookmarksview

Menu bar

Messagearea

EditorStatusarea

Texteditor


오픈 소스 기반의 비즈니스 모델

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7가지오픈소스기반비즈니스모델


7가지오픈소스기반비즈니스모델

The Optimization Strategy

The Dual Strategy

The Subscription Strategy

The Consulting Strategy

The Patronage Strategy

The Hosted Strategy

The Embedded Strategy

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The Optimization Strategy

오픈소스를기반으로최적의성능구현을추구

기존사용제품대비가격대성능비를앞세워시장에진출

자사의기존소프트웨어를오픈소스에실어매출확대및시장지배력강화

Oracle의 Linux 기반의 RAC 구성솔루션– Oracle with UNIX(non-RAC) : $ 2,000,000 이상– Oracle with Linux and RAC : $ 800,000

Scalix의 E-mail, message, directory 솔루션


The Dual Strategy

GPL 과 License 전략을동시에구사– GPL : 기능상에제약이있는제품을 GPL로배포– License : 자사에서부가적으로개발한기능을추가하여확장버전으로판매

초기비용의부담없이개발착수, 향후적용시 License 비용추가로시스템적용가능시장의확산및우월적지위구축이용이

MySQL– GPL 버전과기업용 License 버전이있음– License 버전의경우서버당 license 비용필요

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지난 20년간전형적인소프트웨어기업은license 매출 1$를올릴때마다 $2의서비스매출을올렸다.License 비용은없고지원서비스비용만을부과

년간계약방식의 subscription 용어사용Red Hat, SuSE, Jboss등– 지원수준에따라차별화된가격및지원내용

국내정서에맞지않는것이문제



(출처: Koenig)

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오픈소스패러다임은순수한서비스만제공하는

전문소프트웨어기업의탄생을가능하게하였다.McKinsey: 기업솔루션비용의 70%는customization, 30%는 license 비용오픈소스를기반으로기업의정보시스템의아키텍

처구축, 설계, 도입및컨설팅서비스제공거의모든오픈소스기업들이컨설팅서비스제공

10X Software– MySQL, Apache, JBoss, Tomcat, Eclipse 등에기반한기업정보시스템구축서비스



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오픈소스진영의기업또는단체를적극적으로후

원하는전략

시스템표준의선점과경쟁사진입장벽구축

아키텍처상에서자사의제품들이오픈소스환경

에서 de-facto 표준으로자리잡는것이목표실패와성공사례

– Mozilla : Microsoft의 Internet Explorer에패배– Apache : 70% 점유, Microsoft의독주를막음

IBM이지원하는 Eclipse의경우개발자들을원천적으로확보할수있음

IBM, HP, SUN, CA 등



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The Hosted Strategy

오픈소스기반으로시스템을구축하여 ASP (application service provider)사업 –salesforce.com오픈소스기반으로전자상거래시스템구축, TCO 절감 – amazon.com, e-trade.com오픈소스기반으로검색엔진서비스 – google.com(10,000 이상의리눅스서버사용중)오픈소스기반시스템을배포하지않고자사내에

서만사용하는경우 GPL 라이센스를따르지않아도되므로자사의지적자산을보호할수있음

TCO의획기적인절감가능


The Embedded Strategy

Linux의특성이 embedded에적합–안정성–작은용량

–네트워크지원

Real-time OS의용도로많이사용

국내에서도많은 embedded device 개발용으로 linux채택활발

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오픈 소스 진영의 기업들


Red Hat - Products

OpenSource

Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS- X86, Itanium 2, AMD64 workstations

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS- X86, Itanium2, AMD64, IBM z,i,p servers

Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES- X86, Itanium2, AMD64 servers

Server Products

Client/Desktop ProductsRed Hat

Enterprise Linux 3Code Base

Available from

Sales, Partners&

Web

Red Hat Professional Workstation- X86 servers & desktops

Retail Server/Desktop Products

Available in

Retail outlets

(출처: Red Hat)

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Red Hat - Products

DMZ

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS

Intranet

CorporateNetwork

Internet

Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES

FirewallVPN

DNSWebFTP

Database CRM ERP

Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS

DNS, Web, FTP, NFS, NIS

Corporate DesktopCompute farm

(출처: Red Hat)


Red Hat – Service Model

(출처: Red Hat)

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Red Hat – Road Map

(출처: Red Hat)


JBoss-JEMS

JBoss Application Server, the first J2EE compliant, open source application server - founded on a service-oriented architecture Hibernate, the de facto leader in object-relational mapping (ORM) and persistence Tomcat, the leading JSP and Servlet web container JBoss jBPM, the leading open source workflow engine JBoss Cache, the only fine-grained caching technology on the market JBoss Eclipse IDE, a world-class development environment based on Eclipse

JBoss Enterprise Middleware System

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JBoss – Service Model

(출처: JBoss)


MySQL

(출처: MySQL)

웹사이트개발의 4인방 LAMP

Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP

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MySQL의성장

(출처: MySQL)


MySQL Cluster

Main memory database

Two-phase commit

Asynchronous replication

High-availability (5 9‘s of uptime)

Fast and automatic fail-over

Former property of Ericsson

Released under the GPL!

Sold under a proprietary license

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MySQL – Service Model

(출처: MySQL)


IBMPartnering with IBM on Linux

Technical Enablement

Solutions Enablement

Customized Reason of Call telemarketing campaigns

Go-To-Market Teaming

Rebates / Incentives

MaximumValue

Value to IBM Business Partner Leaders for Linux

InvestmentReturn

TrainingTech Support

DemandGeneration

Increased Margins

Leads, Sales Force Linkage

IBM on Linux SkillsBench strength

Leaders for Linux

BP Opportunity Identification

Increased Sales

Value to IBM

Value NetworksTarget Markets Focus Solutions

Technical Enablement

Solutions Enablement

Sales & Technical Enablement

Customer Successes

Teaming for Mutual Value

(출처: IBM)

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IBM

(출처: IBM)


Oracle –Linux Unbreakable

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Oracle –Linux Unbreakable

Shared Storage

Commodity Servers – Intel x86

Redhat AS 2.1

/oradata/system01.dbf

/oradata/data01.dbf

/oradata/undo01-04.dbf

/oradata/temp01-04.dbf

/oradata/redo01a-b-04a-b.log

2 Gb Fiber

Heartbeat

Heartbeat

Heartbeat

HBA

HBAHBA

HBA

1GB Ether

1GB Ether

1GB Ether

PROD1 Instance

SGA BkgProcs

PROD3 Instance

SGA BkgProcs

PROD4 Instance

SGA BkgProcs

PROD2 Instance

SGA BkgProcs

Lan/Wan/InternetMiddle Tier Server Farm

Virtual Name/IP

Service Name – RAC Cluster

/oradata/srvm.dbf

/oradata/quorum.dbf

Public 1Gb Ether Public 1Gb Ether

OCFS Filesystem


오픈 소스 적용 사례 소개

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아마존

아마존은세계에서가장큰규모의인터넷쇼핑몰을운영하고있는 e-비즈니스의선두기업이다.2001년아마존은기존에사용하던모든유닉스어플리케이션서버를 Red Hat 리눅스서버로전환하는프로젝트를수행하였다. 전체 90일에걸친전환작업은주당평균 100대의서버를유닉스에서 Red Hat 리눅스로전화하는놀라운비율이었으며이를성공적으로완료하였다. “우리는이작업을통하여서버당 $60,000의비용을 $10,000 로낮출수있어, 서버당$50,000를절약할수있었다”고하였으며 “대부분의경우리눅스도입에따른서버당운영체제라이선스비용 $500 정도의절감을강조하지만유닉스서버를리눅스서버로전환할때의하드웨어절감비용은이를훨씬능가한다.”라고평가하였다.


로이터

로이터는전세계적으로수많은지역에거점을확보하고정치, 경제, 사회모든방면에걸쳐뉴스와마케팅정보를판매하는국제적인기업이다. 로이터는로이터마켓데이터시스템을기존의솔라리스시스템에서 Red Hat Advanced Server로전환하였다. 이를통하여전체적인시스템운영비용의절감을가져왔으며평균 4~5배의가격대성능비의향상을달성할수있었다고한다. 또한시스템의경쟁력을개선하면서전체적인시스템의운영측면에서의리스크를최소화할수있었다고전한다. 본프로젝트를담당하였던 Red Hat의 CTO인 Michael Tiemann은 “우리의목표는절반또는그이하의비용으로두배또는그이상의성능개선을이루는것이다”고강조하였다.

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크레딧스위스퍼스트보스턴

크레딧스위스퍼스트보스톤(CSFB) 은행은보스턴에본부를둔금융기업이다. CSFB에서는파이낸셜거래시스템을기존의유닉스에서Red Hat Advanced Server로성공적으로전환하였다. CSFB의 CTO인 Steve Yatko는 “Egenera BladeFrame상에서 Red Hat Advanced Server로시스템을구현한결과확실한성능의개선을이룰수있었다. 거래에따른레코드볼륨을처리하는데있어확실한진전을이룰수있었다.”고하였으며이를통하여기존의 20여대의 RISC 유닉스서버를몇대의인텔기반의 Egenera서버로전환하여매일발생하는 5억건이상의거래를성공적으로처리하고있다.


구글

8,000대의 Linux 클러스터를운영하고있으며계속증가예상. 브랜드가없는일반적인인텔 CPU 하드웨어와 Red Hat Linux 운영체제를조합하여다양한검색기능제공

수백만건의히트레이트를기록하는 Google은어떤경우에도중단되지않는운영체계요구. 대규모트래픽과클러스터에포함되어있는시스템의수로인하여운영체계문제가발생할가능성이높으나, 문제시빠른시간안에해결책을찾아Google 검색엔진을이전과동일하게복구

Linux의가장큰장점은수천대의저비용, 이중화서버를쉘이나Perl, Python 스크립트를사용하여유지할수있는능력보유. 이러한툴이 Linux에포함되어있어무상으로사용하고, 오픈소스플랫폼이제공하는유연성으로좀더정교한검색기능개발가능

- Linux에는대용량의웹사이트를구축하는데필요한모든개발도구포함

웹이지속적으로성장하는상황에서도신뢰성, 경제성및확장성제공

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독일정부

2002년 6월, 독일정부는리눅스의이용을촉진하기위해 IBM과포괄적계약을체결하였다. 이계약에의해연방정부와지방정부는 SuSE리눅스가탑재된 IBM PC를할인가격으로구입할수있다.이때까지독일정부가포괄계약을체결하고있었던것은, Microsoft뿐이었다. 이계약에의하여 Linux퍼스널컴퓨터의도입이진행된것은틀림이없다．금후, 데스크톱수만대, 서버수천대가도입된다고예상한사람들도있다．독일정부는, 이계약의주요한목표로다음 3가지를들었다．

①보안향상

하나의문화를피하고보안을향상할수있다．공개소프트웨어쪽이충돌(crash), 바이러스, 오류(bug）등의위협에의내구성이높다．

② 단일벤더의존회피

단일소프트웨어벤더에의의존을줄일수있다．

③비용삭감

공개소프트웨어를이용한것에의하여, 사업운영비용의삭감을달성할수있다．


중국정부

2001년 12월, 북경시는운영체제, 오피스소프트웨어，안티바이러스등의소프트웨어조달계약을여러벤더와맺었다．이조달업자로 Microsoft 대신，중국의리눅스유통업자「 Red Flag ( 홍기 ) Linux 」가채용됐다. 물론비용삭감이라는경제적의미도있지만, 중국정부는정치적판단에의해리눅스의채용을추진했다고생각되고있다．

①국내산업육성

중국정부는 IT산업을 21세기의국가기간산업의하나로간주하고있고, 공개소프트웨어를출발점으로자국의 IT산업을키우는것을전략적으로생각하고있다．

②국가안전보장의확보

중국정부는자국의기간시스템이외국기업의소프트웨어에의존한것에대하여, 보안상의강한우려를갖고있다. 공개소프트웨어를사용하여백도어등의공격을미연에막으려는의도가크다．

③해적판소프트웨어근절

중국은세계에서가장많은소프트웨어불법복제판이나돌고있는국가이다. 중국은 WTO가맹을목표로하고있고，해적판소프트웨어에의대응이강력히요구되고있다. 중국정부의독자리눅스채용은해적판소프트웨어에의비판에대하여, 합법적으로소프트웨어를사용하는하나의대처방안이다.

30


오픈 소스의 미래는?


긍정적인측면

IT 산업계전반적인지원확대각국정부의 OSS 적극채택및지원상용소프트웨어에버금가는성능및안정

성

점증하는 TCO 절감요구거의모든분야에걸쳐 OSS 패키지존재기존상용소프트웨어기업의독점에대한

반감

문화적인코드

31


부정적인측면

OSS 패키지의완성도부족

체계적이고책임감있는지원조직의결여

문제발생시손해배상주체의모호

Downtime 비용의감안시 TCO 효과퇴색

IT 산업의전반적인규모축소우려

기존기업들의적극적인대응

문화적인코드


시사점-주관적

국내소프트웨어업계에게는최대의기회

국내소프트웨어개발자의 Skill 향상에적극적으로활용필요

세계소프트웨어시장진입을위한하나의

가능성

외국산소프트웨어독점을방지할수있는

좋은대안

소프트웨어벤처기업을꿈꾸는여러분에게

좋은출발점을제공

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참고자료

Open Source: a r/evolution in the software industry ? -Salvino A. Salvaggio, Ph.D.

Open Source: A New Mental Model for Software - Paul Buck, IBM

Seven Open Source Business Strategies for CompetetiveAdvantage – John Koenig, Riseforth

자유공개소프트웨어운동본부홈페이지, http://www.freesoft.or.kr

오픈소스도입성공사례, 소프트웨어진흥원


질의 / 응답E-Mail : [email protected]

오픈소스와 소프트웨어비즈니스 - db lab 홈페이지...

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