海洋學導論 course overview 陳宏遠 海洋生物研究所 a2028/5105/[email protected]
Post on 22-Dec-2015
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Introductory Oceanography
• Physical Oceanography• Chemical Oceanography• Biological Oceanography• Marine Geology
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Oceanography
• Oceanography: the scientific study of the ocean
• 100 yr old
• To predict weather & climate; to protect fisheries & other resources; to avoid disasters
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Origins of Oceanography• Seafaring; Seafarer• Chinese Ocean Exploration
– To demonstrate power & wealth– The largest ocean expedition– Made no last contribution to our
knowledge of the ocean– Because little new information was
compiles
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Origins of Oceanography
• Columbus
• 19th century: deep ocean is stagnant; no oxygen; no life (azoic)
• HMS Challenger: 1872-76; Challenger Expedition Commission; 50 Vol.>> marks the beginnings as a science
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Oceanography in Taiwan
• Unesco 1970 Kuroshio Current Expedition
• Taida established Institute of Oceanography
• R/V 九連• 1985 & after R/V Ocean Researcher I
• Kuroshio Edge Exchange Processes, KEEP
• R/V Ocean Researcher II, III
• NTU, NSYSU, NTOU, NCU, TFRI
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The Law of the Sea
• 1974 UNCLOS• 1982 adopted; in effect 1994• Extend ocean margins to 12 nautical
miles (22 km)• Exclusive Economic Zone EEZ to 200
nautical miles: regulate fisheries & resources
• 1/3 of the ocean in EZZ
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Important Journals:
• Science ; Nature
• Limnology and Oceanography
• Paleoceanography
• Journal Geophysical Research
• Deep-Sea research
• Marine Chemistry
• Marine Geology
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Important Journals:
• Fisheries Oceanography
• Marine Ecology Progress Series
• Terrestrial, Atmospheric, and Oceanic Sciences
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Recent interests
• Discovery of hydrothermal vent
• The link between global warming & ocean: the Carbon story
• Microbial loop
• Industrialized mariculture: Peter Drucker
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The Carbon Story
• Global warming: carbon dioxide
• Ocean: an ideal carbon sink
• Some oceans are iron limiting: Southern Ocean
• Hypothesis: Fertilization with Fe increases carbon sink
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fertilizing the oceans with iron
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Sea change: a satellite image of a 200-km algal bloom (orange) caused by iron fertilization
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Southern Ocean Iron Fertilization Experiment (SOFeX)• Iron sulfate Solution on the sea surface
• 200 km phytoplankton bloom
• Carbon can be transported below 100 metres by iron fertilization
• Fe : C = 1 : 1000
• Lab experiment predicted 1 : 100,000