•convergence of strategic operations and tactical echelons in c4i2
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Cisco India recently sponsored 'Network Centric Warfare in the Indian Context', a focused discussion on 21st April 2011, organized by CLAWS and SP Guide.Cisco Expert Col. KPM Das shared his views in the sessionTRANSCRIPT
NCW : Strategic to the Tactical
KPM DasGlobal National Security & Defence Team21 April 2011
Themes for Today
• Levels, Elements, Seams, State, Evolution of NCW
• Themes
– Command Push vs Int/ReccePull
– Demand vs Supply at S,O,T
– Sharing vs Security
– S>>O>>T Architecture
– Info Richness vs Info Reach
– Collaboration
– Command and Staff Attention
– Procurement Conundrum
• Factors at an Operational Level
…it is difficult to decide exactly where a strategic movement ends and a tactical movement begins, yet in conception the two are distinct.
Liddell Hart
Levels in the NCW Context The levels of war are doctrinal perspectives that clarify the links between strategic objectives and tactical actions. There are no finite limits or boundaries between the levels of war (strategic, operational, and tactical) and the levels of war are not necessarily associated with specific levels of command, size of units, types of equipment, or types of forces or components. However, certain commands tend to operate at particular levels of war, e.g. Army Commands typically operate at the strategic and operational levels of war while a Corps will typically operate at the operational and tactical levels of war. Actions are strategic, operational, or tactical based on their effect or contribution to achieving strategic, operational, or tactical objectives.
Reference : http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/army/docs/st100-3/c1/1Chp.htm
Levels in NCW – Another View
CC/CG/CT Ops Inf Ops Fire Sp & AD Electronic W LOC Protection
Strategic Defence Info Systems & Networks
T
O
S
ISR Resources Combat Resources
Reference : http://cio-nii.defense.gov/docs/pt2_ncw_main.pdf
NCW – The Football Analogy• Few rules and few opportunities to restart
play on favorable terms.
• Every player to be aware of the field, the person who is controlling the ball, where the ball is on the field, capabilities and positions of own and rival players and dynamic interactions of these factors (if Ronaldinhogets a free kick at 40 yards and below- goal certainty >90%!!)
• Fresh players taught to play specific, limited roles, standard/copybook situations
• Mature players given more freedom, more responsibilities…..libero role (Beckenbauer), defender free to attack at own judgement, with an aim to create positional advantage to own team
• At the highest level of the game (World Cup), play is fully fluid- moves always complex and changing.
• Ability to sense, react and attack with minimal verbal communications (Latin American style)
Elements of NCW
Ref: http://www.c2coe.org/c2pedia/index.php?title=Network_Domains & RAND MG267-2.4.
State of the Indian NCW Context
LegendS O T
Reference : http://cio-nii.defense.gov/docs/pt2_ncw_main.pdf
• Strategic vs Operational vsTactical Sync (tail wagging the dog)
• Systems.– Tactical. Minimal info
networks.– Operational. Early days,
pilots, ltd deployments in ltd Zs.
– Strategic. Multiple, but stovepipes
• Multiplicity of architectures- networks, radios, supply chains
• Arms/ Services silos.
A look At The Seams
Counter-Point•System of Systems•Discrete, disconnected at Strategic level•Minimum compromise on D Day
Theme 1 Command Push vs Recce/ Int Pull
Read :en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maneuver_warfare
Theme 1 Command Push vs Recce/ Int Pull
Read :en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maneuver_warfare
Smaller Sized Units
New tactics & doctrines
No need to maint tight fmns
Quick mov, secure rear/ flanks incidental
Fewer tps, widely dispersed, less vulnerable
Attack straight into the centres of gravity
T
O
S
Low
Med
High
Theme 2 NCW-Demand Vs Supply (bandwidth)
Reference : http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/2005/RB9064.pdf
Theme 3Bandwidth – We are here
Dimensional SkewFront to Rear
VsLeft to Right
Lag LagTactical Operational Strategic
Theme 3 Sharing versus Security – the Tradeoffs
“immediate access to the RIGHT information to accomplish the mission.”
"Achieving Interoperability in a Network Centric Environment"
Netcentric = Discoverable + Interoperable + Collaborative + Effective
Information Security
Info
rma
tio
n S
ha
rin
g
Netcentric = The Acceptable Intersection of Information Sharing & Information Security
Theme 4Transforming Strategic-Operational-Tactical ArchitecturesConnect the Front to the Rear
FLOT
Level
of
“Q
uali
ties” r
eq
uir
ed
Transport
Tactical
Weapons,
Sensor, Soldier Systems
BMS
FINSAS
FICV
DCN Strategic Core
ASCON
AWAN
Long Haul Pt to Pt
BSNL
Terrestrial
Space
Operational/
Tactical Net
CIDSS
BSS
ACCCS
ADCRS
EWS
ASMS
A set of end-to-end “services” that meet the needs
of the company at one end and can be “serviced by
the Signals across the levels/ echelons
Services, SWAP & Form
Factor unique to the
digital divide
SWAP & Form
Factors for
Transportability
Theme 5 Info Richness Vs Info Reach
VideoPicturesVoiceData
Reference : http://cio-nii.defense.gov/docs/pt2_ncw_main.pdf
Theme 6 Collaboration Tools For Different Process Needs
Complex
Decisionmaking
Simple Information
Sharing
SynchronousAsynchronous
Audio
Conferencing
Web
Broadcasts
Application
Sharing
Instant
Messaging
Information
feeds &
repositories
Email & Voicemail
groups
Collaboration space
Virtual team rooms
Communities
& discussion
boards
Video
Conferencing
Remote Access
Calendar
TelePresence
S,O, T
S,O
S,O, T
S,O
O, T
S,O, T
S, O, T
S,O, T S,O, T
S,O, T
S
Theme 6 CollaborationConnectivity: An NCW Minimum
Theme 6 Collaboration Voice, Data, Video
Theme 7
Command and Staff Attention
• Bandwidth as much a resource as ammunition
• Spectrum as much a resource as weapons
• Include separate section in OO• Include equivalent of G6 in Div
Staff (Sigs) responsible for bandwidth, spectrum and cyber-security
• Convergence of ICT, Cyber security and IS under single agency in the battlefield and mutual synergies
Theme 8 NCW- Procurement Conundrum
Reference : Page 72, NCW Case Study, Kevin J. Cogan, Ray De Lucio
Theme 8 NCW- Procurement Conundrum
Reference : Page 72, NCW Case Study, Kevin J. Cogan, Ray De Lucio
CapexOptimization
ThroughIntegration
Differentiators at an Operational Level• Jointness and combined arms
application requires this model.• Not a substitute for good leadership,
makes good leaders make better decisions
• Uncertainty management better-calculated risks now possible
• Location agnostic command• “Richness” of info helps quality of
interactions• Tradeoff- connectivity and network -
linearly degraded rear to front.• Bandwidth a high demand resource-
requires command attention.• Power requirements increase
significantly in battle areas.• Integration with shape-form of the
battle vehs and mob platforms. • Training with network-centric-
architecture necessary for readiness.• Unification of IS, Sigs and Cybersecurity
Theme 3Interplay : Factors at an Operational Level
KPM Das
Global National Security & Defence Team
Thank You