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Page 1: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches
Page 2: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

http://www.industryplayer.com/images/licrespic/spices.jpg

Page 3: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches
Page 4: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

Religion “Citizens were born into

membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches represented the norm in European Christianity.” (Holmes)

Page 5: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

http://z.about.com/d/geography/1/0/Q/B/tord1.jpg

Page 6: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches
Page 7: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

Native Americans

WWW.LIB.UMICH.EDU/TCP/EEBO/FEATURED/CASAS.HTML

HTTP://ETEXT.LIB.VIRGINIA.EDU/ETCBIN/JAMESTOWN-BROWSE?ID=J1009B

Page 8: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

England circa 1600

Religious background

Economic background

Political background

Page 9: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

Jamestown 1607http://www.history.com/minisites/jamestownanniversary/

Page 10: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

HTTP://WWW.VIRGINIAVIGNETTES.ORG/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2007/09/POWHATAN_JOHN_SMITH_MAP.JPG

HTTP://COMMONS.WIKIMEDIA.ORG/WIKI/IMAGE:CAPTAIN_JOHN_SMITH.JPG

Page 11: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

1619HTTP://WWW.HISTORY.ORG/ALMANACK/PLACES/HB/CAPPC2.JPG

HTTP://WWW.JAMD.COM/SEARCH?ASSETTYPE=G&ASSETID=56248520&TEXT=JAMESTOWN+SLAVES

Page 12: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

Rebellion … 1676 HTTP://WWW.STOCKTON.EDU/~GILMOREW/0COLHIS/SOU22.JPG

THE BURNING OF JAMESTOWN, 1676 1901PYLE, HOWARD(1853-1911 AMERICAN)LITHOGRAPH PRIVATE COLLECTION

Page 13: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

The Haves1700s

HTTP://WWW.HISTORY.ORG/ALMANACK/PLACES/HB/HBPAL.CFM

GOVERNOR’S PALACE/ WILLIAMSBURGFINISHED 1722

STRATFORD HALLLEE FAMILY HOME

BUILT 1730

http://www.history.org/Almanack/places/hb/hbpal.cfm
Page 14: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

BRUTON PARISH, WILLIAMSBURG

Page 15: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

The Parish

Anglican majority Required attendance, yet… Fithian description Sabbath represented a day off

for whites and slaves… Reading from Book of Prayer

sanctioned by law…repetition.

Page 16: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

BRUTON PARISH

“The appointed set of words, read in the midst of a community ranged in order of precedence, continuously evoked postures of deference and submission. Liturgy and church plan thus readily combined to offer a powerful representation of a structured, hierarchical community.” (Issac)

Page 17: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

Plymouth, 1620HTTP://WWW.HISTORYPLACE.COM/UNITEDSTATES/REVOLUTION/REVGFX/MAY-COMPACT.JPG

HTTP://IMAGES.GOOGLE.COM/IMGRES?IMGURL=HTTP://WWW.NEW-ENGLAND-VACATIONS-GUIDE.COM/IMAGES/PLYMOUTH-TRAVEL-MAP.GIF&IMGREFURL=HTTP://WWW.NEW-ENGLAND-VACATIONS-GUIDE.COM/PLIMOTH-PLANTATION.HTML&H=300&W=500&SZ=26&HL=EN&START=3&USG=__NBTM3WSXZ1UYSRECK-F1EQ3_5Z4=&TBNID=CSWRTMX9E0GOVM:&TBNH=78&TBNW=130&PREV=/IMAGES%3FQ%3DPILGRIMS%2BPLYMOUTH%2BMAP%26GBV%3D2%26HL%3DEN%26SAFE%3DSTRICT%26CLIENT%3DDELL-USUK%26CHANNEL%3DUS%26SA%3DG%26AD%3DW5

Page 18: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

PuritansHTTP://WWW.HARVARDSQUARELIBRARY.ORG/CHISTORY/IMAGES/34WINTHROP.JPG

HTTP://WWW.BEMENTFAMILY.COM/IMAGES/MASSBAY1630-42.JPG

Page 19: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

Puritans Go from persecuted minority

to intolerant majority Quakers Banishment Law Theocracy? 1700 Anglicans arrive

Page 20: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

OLD NORTH CHURCH BOSTON

Page 21: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

Exceptions to the rule… Rhode Island and Roger Williams Maryland … proprietor Roman Catholic

yet…Toleration Act of 1649

Predates GB’s by 40 years Predates William Penn’s Holy Experiment

Predates the Enlightenment BUT not an act of freedom of religion but of religious tolerance. Difference?

Page 22: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

Penn’s Holy Experiment John Adams claimed that PA

contained “Roman Catholics, English Episcopalians, Scotch and American Presbyterians, Methodists, Moravians, Anabaptists, German Lutherans, Cerman Calvinists, Universalists, Arians, Priestleyans, Socinans, Independents, Congregationalists,…Deists andAtheists” (Holmes)

AND…

Page 23: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

The QuakersARCH STREET FRIENDS

MEETING HOUSEPHILADELPHIA

Page 24: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

Salvation from within… through your inward light/conscience/soul … the Divine spark

Step towards power of the individual

Everyone can be saved 1750s no longer the key political

power… have moved to social activism…women play key roles

Page 25: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

THE QUESTIONING OF INSTITUTIONS AND TRADITIONS

Enlightenment, Awakenings, Evolving

American Revolutionary creeds and dogma

Page 26: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

The Enlightenment Science … Newton and the Natural Laws

of the Universe Deist and Voltaire’s “Supreme Architect” Locke’s Essay on Human Understanding

Use of Reason is the highest Virtue God established divine law and the law can be

discovered through reason. Human mind can be used to understand what God

intended

American elite receptive to these ideas. What about the common person?

Page 27: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

The Great Awakening 1730s – 1770s Various reasons … Led to waves of revivals Traditional services vs Evangelical

happenings“and therefore a divine revelation

must be a collection of rays of light…” (Samuel Davies’ sermon The Divine Authority of the Christian Religion)

Black and white audiences

Page 28: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

George Whitefield Wesleyan Anglican

from GB 1739 – 42 tour from

GA to NE “gales of the heavenly wind” sermons

Crowds of up to 6,000

Media savvy The Spiritual Travels

of Nathan Cole

Page 29: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

Jonathan Edwards “Our people do not so much need to have their

heads stored as to have their hearts touched.” and it was a “reasonable thing to endeavor to fright persons away from hell.”

“The bow of god’s wrath is bent and the arrow made ready on the string, and justice bends the arrow at your heart, and strains the bow, and it is nothing but the mere pleasure of God, and that of an angry God, without any promise or obligation at all that keeps the arrow one moment from being made drunk with you blood.” Sinners in the Hand… (all quotes from text: America)

Yet in 1754 The Freedom of Will …

Page 30: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

Imitators abound, spiritual enthusiasm hard to control, revival of traditional

religion takes new direction

Split established churches Natural law led to Unitarianism

and Universalism New style of preaching New colleges in North Missionary movement in the

South

Page 31: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

A chance for change… Southern missionaries goal to minister to

slaves as well as the yeoman farmer Slave owners and Anglican Church defended

slavery “as a Providential way for Africans to become Christians” (Boles)

Attack on elites traditional popular culture New Light Separate Baptists Waller’s story… Hierarchical authority vs. Brother and Sister An exception, Robert Carter III’s Deed of Gift

Page 32: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

:YEOCOMICO BAPTIST CHURCH

MT. SHILOH BAPTIST CHURCH

Page 33: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

Awakening results: Questioning of authority Ignoring the power of C of E

bishops over Anglicans …can lead to same questioning of King

Strengthens the sense of the individual

Intercolonial contact via media

Page 34: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

Revolution Influence Virginia’s Declaration of Rights by George

Mason in June 1776 Declaration of Independence by Thomas

Jefferson in July 1776 James Madison’s 1785 Memorial and

Remonstrance against Religious Assessments

Jefferson’s 1786 Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom

United States Constitution

Page 35: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

First Amendment Congress shall make no law

respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

Page 36: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

Wars for Empire

Page 37: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

World Wars and the Colonies

King William’s 1689-97 Queen Anne’s 1702-1713 King George’s 1740-48 French and Indian 1754+

or Seven Years War 1756

Page 38: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

Colonial Governments Appointed Governors 2 house legislatures with the power

to … Initiate legislation Elect leadership Discipline own members “power of the purse” DISTANCE the key

Page 39: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

1713-55 population 1.33 million demand for land 1754 Ben Franklin’s

Albany Plan … “Join or Die”

Page 40: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches
Page 41: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches
Page 42: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

Treaty of Paris 1763 France is gone! GB gets Canada and east

of Miss.River Spain gets Cuba for

Florida Spain gets west

Page 43: “Citizens were born into membership in churches just as they were born into citizenship in countries. From the fourth century on, state churches

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