Spain Builds an EmpireChapter 4Mrs. Horn

5th Grade Social Studies

The Voyages of Columbus

Lesson 1

Lesson 1 Vocabulary Expedition- a journey made for a

special purpose Colony- a settlement far from the

country that rules it Columbian Exchange- movement of

people, animals, plants, diseases, and ways of life between the Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemispheres

Meet the People Christopher Columbus- Italian; voyages led

to European settlement of the Americas and an exchange of people, animals, goods, and ways of life between East and West

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella- king and queen of Spain who funded Columbus’s voyage

Amerigo Vespucci- sailed to the eastern coast of South America in 1501; the named America is derived from his name; he was the first to call the Americas a “new world”

Meet the People Vasco Nunez de Balboa- Spanish;

crossed the Isthmus of Panama and reached the Pacific Ocean in 1513

Ferdinand Magellan- Portugal; led the first expedition around the world, which began in 1519 and ended without him in 1522 (he was killed during the voyage)

Important Places Bahama Islands West Indies

Christopher Columbus Italian Wanted to find a better way to reach the

Indies, a part of Asia rich with gold, spices, and other goods

At this time, the only way to reach the Indies was by land journey over the Silk Road

Columbus suggested sailing west across the Atlantic

He convinced Spain’s King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to fund his expedition

The Journey of Christopher Columbus

Left Spain with three ships (Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria) on August 3, 1492

On October 12, land was sighted Historians believe that Columbus had

reached one of the Bahama Islands Because he believed he had reached the

Indies, Columbus called the Taino “Indians”

The Bahama Islands and other islands of the region became known as the West Indies

The Columbian Exchange

On the 2nd expedition Columbus made to the Americas, he took 17 ships loaded with settlers, animals and other supplies

The goal for this trip was to start a colony that would bring profits to Spain

Thousands of European settlers were soon living in colonies throughout the West Indies

Although the Columbian Exchange helped Europe, Africa, Asia and the Americas, it also had several downfalls

The Impact of Columbus

Columbus showed Europeans the way to the Americas

By the early 1600s, explorers and settlers from Spain, Portugal, England, France, Sweden and the Netherlands had come to the Americas

Different Worlds Collide

Lesson 2

Lesson 2 Vocabulary Conquistador- conquerors Ally- a friend who will help in a fight Conquest- is the capture or taking of something

by force Convert- change Colonist- a person who lives in a colony

Meet the People Moctezuma- leader of the Aztecs during the time

of Cortes’s conquest Hernando Cortes- Spanish conquistador who

conquered the Aztec Empire Dona Marina- Cortes’s ally and interpreter Francisco Pizarro- Spanish leader who conquered

the Inca Atahualpa- Incan ruler in 1532

Important Places Tenochtitlan New Spain Mexico City Cuzco Lima

The Aztecs Are Conquered

1519 Cortes arrived in Mexico with the goal of gaining some of the Aztecs’ wealth

Cortes faced a major challenge- his men were outnumbered

Cortes did have advantages: metal armor, muskets, bullets, and horses

Cortes also had allies At their first meeting, Moctezuma agrees to let Crotes

stay in Tenochtitlan 1520, Aztecs throw Spanish out of their city Moctezuma was killed; Cortes escaped Cortes returns late in 1520 with more allies 1521 Aztec empire falls to the conquistadors

Founding New Spain Spanish destroy Tenochtitlan Smallpox continued to claim lives New Spain is established in 1535; New Spain’s

capital was established as Mexico City Government, schools, and universities are built;

laws are made Priests convert people to Christianity Spanish colonists came with hopes to become

wealthy

The Conquests Continue

Francisco Pizarro is sent to South America to conquer the Incan Empire

In 1532, Atahualpa is captured 1533, Cuzco is captured by Pizarro’s forces By 1545, a new capital called Lima had been

established in Peru

Life in New SpainLesson 3

Lesson 3 Vocabulary Society- group of people forming a community Plantation- large farms with many workers who

lived on the land they worked Encomienda- granted a peninsulare control of all

of the native peoples who lived on an area of land Missionary- teaches his/her religion to others who

have different beliefs Mission- a religious settlement where

missionaries live and work

Meet the People Hernando de Soto- the first European explorer to

reach the Mississippi River Esteban- African sailor who had been enslaved

and told of a rich kingdom called Cibola Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca- explored what is

now known as Texas in 1528 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado- explored the

Southwest in 1540 Juan Ponce de Leon- landed on the Florida

peninsula in 1513 Bartolome de La Casas- led the movement to end

the enslavement of native peoples in New Spain

Important Places Hispaniola

The Search for Gold Spanish told stories of gold and other riches in

the Americas Cibola was told to be a rich kingdom located far

to the north of Mexico Vaca and Esteban are shipwrecked in 1528 (they

had traveled for 8 years in search of Cibola) In 1531, Esteban joins another expedition to find

Cibola Esteban is killed by the Zuni people in modern

day New Mexico The legend of Cibola lived on Governor of New Spain sends Coronado to find

the cities Coronado does not find Cibola either

Society in New Spain By the end of 1500s, most fighting between the

native peoples and conquistadors had stopped By 1600, a new life and society was developing in

New Spain At the top of the society were the peninsulares

(those born in Spain) Next were the creoles (Spanish descent but born

in the Americas) Under the creoles were the mestizos (person with

Indian and Spanish background) Those who had no Spanish ancestors (Indians and

Africans) held the lowest position in society

Society in New Spain Contd.

Peninsulares were wealthy and powerful Many owned plantations Some held grants, encomiends, that gave them

control over all of the native peoples who lived on an area of land

Encomienda owners were to care for and convert the native peoples to Christianity

Native peoples had to give the encomienda owners crops they grew and other goods

Colonists in the city earned money by holding jobs such as shopkeepers, merchants and government positions; others owned clothing and furniture businesses

More Changes for Native Peoples

Native peoples worked without pay as farm workers, miners, and servants

Many times they were beaten and did not have enough to eat

Roman Catholic missionaries run some encomiendas Many missions were built throughout New Spain Missionaries wanted to convert native peoples to

Christianity and some were taught European farming traditions such as raising cattle and sheep; often treated native peoples cruelly

Batolome de Las Casas spoke out against mistreatment of native peoples by missionaries; Spain passed laws requiring native peoples to be paid for their work

Laws were not enforced and later were cancelled

Slavery in Americas In 1512, Spanish brought enslaved Africans to the

Hispaniola to replace native peoples who were dying rapidly from diseases

Africans in slavery became an important part of the colonial economy

By 1574, there were 12,000 slaves in Hispaniola alone

African slaves died from overwork and mistreatment

Profits from colonial plantations and mines brought large profits to Spain

In 1600s, Spain was one of the most powerful countries in the world