א א א א - cdd.tvtc.gov.sa · ١ k ٩ k ... e ١٥ f...
TRANSCRIPT
א
אאאא
0
אא א
א
א
אאאא
1
،א،אאא
،W אאאאאאאאא
אאאאאאא،אאאאא
אאאאאאאאאWאאאK
א א א אא ،אאאאאאאא،אא ،אאא א אא א א
אאאאא،אאאאאאאא
אאא،אאאK
א א ? א ? ?א?אאאאא
אאאK אאאאאא
א ،א אאא ،א א א א
אאK אאא؛א
אK אאאא
א
אאאא
2
א
אאK ١
K ٩
אא
אאאK ١٨
אאאאאאאK ٢٠
אאאאאאאאK ٢١
אאאאאאK ٢٢
אאאאאK ٢٣
אאאK ٢٣
אאאK ٢٥
אאאאאK ٢٥
אאאאK ٢٦
אאK ٢٨ אא
אאK ٣٠
אאאאאאאK ٣٢
אאאאאאאK ٣٣
١Lאא(Decimal System) K ٣٤
٢Lאא(Binary System)K ٣٤ אאאאאK ٣٥ אאאאאK ٣٦ אאאK ٣٨ אאK ٤٠ אאאK ٤١ אאאאאאK ٤٢
א
אאאא
3
אא
אאאאאאK ٤٣ אאאאאאK ٤٤ אאאאאאK ٤٤ אאא(BCD)K ٤٥ אאאא)(BCDK ٤٦ אBCD) (אאK ٤٦ אאK ٤٧
אא
אאאאK ٤٩
אאאאאאאK ٥١
אאאאאאאאאK ٥٢
אאW (Logic states) ٥٣ Wאא ")+ve "(Positive Logic K ٥٤ Wאא ")-ve "(Negative Logic ٥٥
אK ٥٦ אא(W5101-3E) K ٥٧ אא. ٥٨ אאא(Logic Gate) K ٥٩
١–א?–(AND gate) ? ٥٩ אK ٦٠
אאא(AND)K ٦١ א(AND) אאK ٦١
אאאא(AND) ٦١ F١WEא(AND) אא ٦٣ F٢WEא(AND)אאא ٦٦
٢–א??)(OR gate ٦٩
א
אאאא
4
אא
אאא(OR)K ٧٠ אאאא(OR)K ٧٠
F٣WEא(OR)אאK ٧١ F٤WEא(OR)אאאK ٧٤
٣–אא)(NOT gateK ٧٧ אאאNOT)(K ٧٧
אאאא(NOT)K ٧٧ F٥WEאא(NOT)K ٧٨
٤–אאNAND gate)(K ٨١ אאא(NAND)K ٨١
F٦WEא(NAND)אאK ٨٢ F٧WEא(NAND)אאK ٨٥
٥–אאNOR gate)(K ٨٨ אאאNOR)(K ٨٨
F٨WEא(NOR)אאK ٨٩ F٩WEא(NOR)אאK ٩٢
٦–א??א(Exclusive OR gate)K ٩٥ אאא(EXOR)K ٩٥
F١٠WEאאא(EXOR)K ٩٦ F١١WEאאא(EXOR) K ٩٩
٧–א??א)EXNOR(K ١٠٢ אאא(EXNOR)K ١٠٢
F١٢WEאאא(EXNOR)K ١٠٣ F١٣WEאאא(EXNOR)K ١٠٦
Kאאאאא ١٠٩ אאאK ١١٠
א
אאאא
5
אא
אאאK ١١٢ אאK ١١٣
אאא
אאאK ١١٦
אאאאאאאK١١٨
אאאאאאאאK ١١٩ אאHalf Adder "H.A") (K ١٢٠
א)Carry(K ١٢٠ F١WEאאא(Half Adder) K ١٢١
אא(Half Subtract "H.S") K ١٢٤ א)(DK ١٢٤ (B)K ١٢٤
F٢WEאאא(Half Subtract) K ١٢٥ אא(Digital Comparator)K ١٢٨
F٣WEאאא(Digital Comparator) ١٣٠ א(Multiplexer)K ١٣٣
F٤WEאא(Multiplexer) K ١٣٤ א(Demultiplexer) K ١٣٧
F٥WEאא(Demultiplexer) K ١٣٩ אאאK ١٤٢
אא
אאK ١٤٤
אאאאאאאK١٤٦
אאאאאאאK ١٤٧ א(Flip-flop)K ١٤٨
א
אאאא
6
אא
אK ١٤٨ K ١٤٨ אאK ١٤٩ ١ J(S-R) K ١٤٩
F١WEא(S-R) K ١٥١ ٢ Jא(S-R) אאK ١٥٤
F٢WEא(S-R) אאK ١٥٧ ٣ JאD)(K ١٦٠
F٣WEא(D) K ١٦٢ ٤ Jא(J-K)אאK ١٦٥
F٤WEא(J-K) אאK ١٦٧ אאK ١٧٠
אא
אאאא (Registers and Counters)K ١٧٢
אאאאאאאK ١٧٤
אאאאאאאאאאK ١٧٥ Wאא(Registers) K ١٧٦ אאאאא Jאאא)SISO (K ١٧٧ אאאאא Jאאא(SIPO) K ١٧٨ F١WEאאאא–אאK١٨٠ Wאאאא )(CountersK ١٨٣ אאאאאאאK ١٨٣ אאאאאאאK ١٨٥ F٢WEאאאאאאאK ١٨٧ אאK ١٩٠
א
אאאא
7
אא
אא
אאאאK ١٩٢ אאאאאאאK١٩٤
אאאאאאאאאK ١٩٥ אאאאK ١٩٦ אאא(ROM) K ١٩٦ אאאא(RAM) K ١٩٧ אאא(64-Bit) K ١٩٨ אא(7489) K ١٩٩ F١WEאאא(RAM) K ٢٠٠ אאK ٢٠٤
אא א) (MicrocontrollerK٢٠٦
אאאאאאאK٢٠٨
אאאאאאK ٢٠٩
א JאאK ٢١٠ אאאK ٢١١ אאאאK ٢١٢ אאK ٢١٣ אאאK ٢١٣ אאא. ٢١٤ אK ٢١٥ א JאאK ٢١٥ אאאK ٢١٩ אK ٢٢١ אאK ٢٢٣
א
אאאא
8
אא
F١WE(LED)אאK ٢٣٠ אאK ٢٣٤
אא אאK ٢٣٦
אאאאאאאK ٢٣٨ אאאאאאאK ٢٣٩
אא(OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER) K ٢٤٠ אאאK ٢٤١ אאאK٢٤٢ אFEאאK ٢٤٣ אאK ٢٤٤ F١WEאאK ٢٤٥ אאא(Inverting Amplifier)K ٢٤٨ F٢WEאאK ٢٤٩ אאK ٢٥٣ F٣WEאאK ٢٥٤ אא)Summing Amplifier(K ٢٥٩ F٤WEאא)(Summing AmplifierK ٢٦٠ אאFאE )Difference Amplifier(K ٢٦٤ אאK ٢٦٤ א)(ComparatorK ٢٦٥ אאK ٢٦٦ F٥WEאאאK ٢٦٧ אאK ٢٧٢
א
אאאא
9
אאא،אא،W
אאאאאאאאאאאאא،א
אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא
אK
אאאאא?א?אאאא،
אאאאא،אאאאא،אאא
אאאאאאK
אאאאאאאא
א،אK
א
אאאא
10
אאאW אאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאאK
אאאאW אאא،אאאאאW ١ JאאאאK
٢ JאאאאאK
٣ JאאאאאאK
٤ Jאאאא(RAM)K
٥ JאאK ٦ JאאK
אאאאW אאאאאאא
F١٣٠EW אאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKF٥E
אאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKFKKKKKKKKKK١٥E אאאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKFKK٢٠E אאאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKFKKKKKKKKK١٨E
אאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKFKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١٣E אאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKFKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١٨E אאאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKFKKKKKK٥E אאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKFKKKK١٨E
אאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKFKKKKKKKKKKK١٨E
א
אאאא
11
אאאאW אאא،אאW
١ JאאאאאאK
٢ JאאאאK
٣ Jאאאאאא
٤ Jאאא(RAM)אאK
٥ Jאאא
٦ Jאאא
אאW אאאאאאW
١ JאאאאK
٢ JאאאאK
٣ JאאאאK
٤ JאאאאאאאK
٥ JאאאאאאאאK
אאW ١ JאאFאאאE
٢ Jאא
٣ Jאא
٤ Jאא
א
אאאא
12
אאW אאאאא
אאאאאאא،אאא
אאאW
Safety Signs
אאאאאאאKאאאW
١. אאK ٢. אאK ٣. אאאK ٤. אאK
אאאאאאא
אאאאK
א
אאאא
13
אאW
אא אא א
WARNING
Risk of danger hazard ahead Yellow background with
black border
א
א
PROHIBITION
Stop/must not Red on white background
L
MANDATORY
Must obey Blue background with white symbol
א
SAFE WAY TO GO
Safe condition Green background with white
symbol
א
א
א
אאאא
14
אאאW
אאאLאאא
٥
JאאאאאאK JאאאK JאאאאK JאאאאאK JFא–אא–אEK
אאאLאא
١٥
JאאK JאאK JאאאK JאאאK JאאאK JאאאK
אאאLאאאא
٢٠
Jא?? (AND Gate) K Jא??OR Gate)(K JאאNOT Gate) (K Jא(NANAD – NOR – XOR – XNOR) K JאאאאK
א
אאאא
15
אאאאLאאא
١٨
JאאאאאאK JאאאאאאK JאאאאאאK JאאאאאK JאאאאאK
אאאLאא
١٣
JאFlip –Flop) (K JאK JאK Jא(S – R) אאאאK Jא(S – R) אאאאאאK JאD) (אאאאK JאJ – K) (אאאאאאK JאאK
אאאLאאאא
١٨
JאאK Jאאאא–אא(SISO) K Jאאאא–אא (SIPO)K JאאאאאאאK JאאאאאאאK
א
אאאא
16
אאאLאאאא
٥
JFא،א،אEK JאאאאRAM) (K Jאאא(ROM) אK
אאאLא( Microcontroller)
١٨
JאMicrocontroller) (K JאאאאK Jא(Microcontroller) K
JאאאאK JאאאK
J(LED) אאK JאאK
JאאK
JאK
אאאLא
١٨
J،،K JאאK JאאK JאאK
JאאK JאאK JאאK
א
אאאא
17
אאאאW
א
א Fא،א،
،KKKאE
א א
א
אא
א
١ א
٢ א
٣ א
٤ אא
٥ א
٦ א
٧ א
٨ א
٩ א
١٠ א
١١ א
١٢ א
١٣ א
١٣ א
Wאא١א J١٣FE١٠٠
אאאאK
אאK אKאK
א
אאאא
18
אאאאאאאאאא
א
אאאא
19
אאW אאאא
אאW ١LאאאאK
٢LאאאאK ٣LאאאאאK ٤Lאאאאא
אK
אאאW אאא٩٥ K٪
אא
F٥E אאW
א אאKK
(Data Show) K
אאW אאאK
א
אאאא
20
אאאאאאאא
אW
אאאאאאאאאאא
אאאW
١LאאאאאאאאK
٢LאאאאK
٣LאאאאאK
٤LאאאאאאK
٥LאאאאK
٦LאאאאאאK
٧LאאאאK
٨LאאK
٩LאאאאאאK
١٠LאאK
١١LאאאK
١٢LאאאאאK
א
אאאא
21
١L אאאאאא
٢L אאאאאאK
٣L אאאK
٤L אאאאאאאאאK
٥LאאK
٦L אאאאאאK
٧L אאK
٨L אאאאאאK
٩L אאאא אK
١٠LאאאאאאאאאאאK
١١Lאא،אאאK
אאאאאאאא
א
אאאא
22
אאאW
אאאא)(ChipWאאא–אא–אא
אאאאאאKאא(pins)
אאא(IC)KאאKאאאאא
K
אאאאאאW ١L אאא١٠L١K
٢L אאאאK
٣L K
٤L אאאאK
٥L אאא٥٠אאאK
٦L אאאאאK
٧L אאאאאאאK
٨L אאאאאW
אאאK
אאK
א
אאאא
23
אאאאאW ١L אאאאא
אאאK
٢L אאאאKאאאאא
אאאאאאאאK
٣L אאאאאאאאאאאא
אאK
אאאW
١–אW
אאאאאFnsEאF١ J١Eאאא
א(TTL)אK
F١ J١E
אא )"a("אlogic 0) ( (Logic 1)
א(tPHL = 20 ns) (1) (0) אb)( אא(1)(0)אא
(tPLH=15 ns) (0) (1) אאאאK
א
אאאא
24
٢–אאW אאאא V)(K
٣–אW(Fan in) אאאK
٤–אW)(Fan out אאאאאא
אאא ٥–אאW
אאאא?1?،?0?،אאאאא(10mw)א
)0.1mw((TTL) אאא،א(MOS)אאK
٦–אW(Input Voltage) אאאא(5V) K
٧–אW(Packaging) אאאאאא
)(DIP אF١ J٢EאאאאאK
F١ J٢E
א
אאאא
25
٩–אW אאא )(Uאא
א(IC) אאאKאאאאאאא
אאאאF١ J٣KE
F١ J٣E
אאאW אאאW
–(Linear) –)Digital(
אאאאאאאאKאאאאא
1א) – (binary 0
אאאאאW
١ Jאאא(SSI : Small - Scale Integration)
אאאאאאא١٢אNAND) – NOR – NOT – AND – (OR
א(flip- flops) K
א
אאאא
26
٢–אאא(MSI : Medium-Scale Integration)
אא١٢١٠٠אאאאאאWאאא،א،
אאאאK
٣–אאא (LSI : Large - Scale Integration) אא١٠٠אאא
(Microprocessors)K ٤–אאאא(VLSI : Very - Large - Scale Integration)
אאאאאאK
אאאא(Digital Integrated Circuits Families)W אאאאאאא
אאW ١–אא–א(TTL : Transistor -Transistor Logic)
א(TTL)אK ٢–אאא)(ECL : Emitter - Coupled Logic
א)(ECLאאK ٣–אאא–אא
א(CMOS) אאאK ٤–א–אא (RTL : Resistor Transistor Logic)K ٥––אא(DTL : Diode Transistor Logic) K
אאאאTTL) ((CMOS)(ECL)אאא
אאאKאאאאאאאאאא
אאK
א
אאאא
27
א(TTL) 74XXX) ((74))(CMOS(4XXX)(4)،א
אאW 47HXX(High Speed) K 74LXXאאא(Low Power) K
א
אאאא
28
אא
١L אאאאאK ٢L אאאIC K ٣L אאאאאאאK ٤L אאאאאאK ٥L אאאאK ٦L אאאW
–אאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
–אאאאא ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
אאאא
29
אאאאאאאא
אאאאא،אאאאאא،אא
F Eאא،אאאאאK
אאאWאאאאא
א אאFאאE
١K אאאK ٢K אאאאאא ٣K אאאאא ٤K אאא ٥K אאאא
אאאFאEאאאא،????
אאאאK
א
אאאא
30
אאאאאאאא
א
אאאא
31
אאW אאאאא
אאW ١LאאאאאK ٢LאאאK ٣LאאאK ٤LאאאאאK ٥LאאאאK ٦LאאאאK ٧Lאאאאא
אK
אאאW אאא٩٥ K٪
אא
F١٥E אאW
א אאKK
(Data Show) K
אאW אאאK
א
אאאא
32
אאאאאאאא
אW
אאאאאאאאאא
אאאאW
١LאאאWאאאאאK
٢LאאאאK
٣LאאאאאK
٤LאאאאאאK
٥LאאאאK
٦LאאאאאאK
٧LאאאאK
٨LאאK
٩LאאאאאאK
١٠LאאK
١١LאאאK
١٢LאאאאאK
א
אאאא
33
אאאאאאאאאא
١Lאאאאאא
٢LאאאאאאK
٣LאאאK
٤LאאאאאאאאאK
٥LאאK
٦LאאאK
٧LאאK
٨LאאאאאK
٩LאאאאK
١٠LאאאאאK
١١LאאאאאאאאאאאK
١٢Lאאאא
אאאאאאא
א
אאאא
34
١Lאא(Decimal System) אאאFא10Eאא
(10)אא،K אא(9 ~ 0)
אאאKאא(238)א(8)אא)(3אא(30)א
2(א(א(200) א (8+30+200)אא(238)א K
١WאאאW 6704003000347610
٢Lאא(Binary System)
אא( 0,1 )אאא2)(،אא)bit(K
אא(0 , 1)אאאF٢ J١E،א
אא(10011)Fא،،،א،אKE
א32 22 12 אא
0212223242א0.1250.250.51 2 4 8 16
אא K
F٢ J١Eאאאא
א
אאאא
35
אאאאאW אא
אאW ٢Wאא210011W
אW א 021222 32 42
א 1 24 8 16 אא 110 0 1
10
2
19
1216
1*12*14*08*016*110011
אא210011אא1019 ٣Wאא2101110؟ אW
א 02122232 42 52 א 1 248 16 32
אא 0111 0 1
1*02*14*18*116*032*1101110 2 24832
1046 אא2101110אא1046
אW
אאאאאא؛K
א
אאאא
36
الباقي
1 0 1 0 1 1 1
021
122
225
5210
10221
21243
43287
210 101011187
٤Wאא2101.1110W אW
א 32 22 12 אא
02122232א0.1250.250.51 2 4 8 אא1 01K 0 1 1 1
10
2
625.14
125.05.0248
125.0*125.0*05.0*11*02*14*18*1101.1110
אא2101.1110אא10625.14
אאאאאW אאא
W ١Lאאא2אK ٢Lאא2אK
١Lאא1087؟ א
87א243אא1
אאאאאא(LSB)א
אK
א
אאאא
37
٢Lאא10625.5W אאWאאאא
،אאאאא2K
אW
אאא،אK
الباقي
1 0 1 . 1 0 1
021
122
225
210 101.101625.5
00.12*5.0
50.02*25.0
25.12*625.0
א
אאאא
38
אאאW
אא(Binary Addition) אF٢ J٢Eאאאאא
א א א אא - 0 0 + 0 =
אא - 1 0 + 1 = אא - 1 1 + 0 =
אאא 1 0 1 + 1 = F٢ J٢E
אאאאאאאאא(10=1+1)אא2אא
אאא،אא )1 (אאK
אW
4 + 2
6 المقابل العشري
1 0 0 + 0 1 0
1 1 0 مجموعال
5 + 3
8 المقابل العشري
1 1 1
1 0 1
0 1 1 +
المجموع0 0 0 1
3 + 3
6 المقابل العشري
1 1
1 1
1 1 + جموعالم0 1 1
אא= 1 א 1 + 1 + 1 = 1
א
אאאא
39
אאBinary Subtraction
אF٢ J٣Eאאאאא،אאא?א?،אא?א?،
אK
א א א אא - 0 0 – 0 =
אא 1 1 0 – 1 = אא - 1 1 – 0 = אאא - 0 1 – 1 =
F٢ J٣E
אאאאאאאאא`1`א?1א"אאאא
`2``0`אאאW
2 - 1
1
אא
10 10 - 0 1
0 1
אא
א
37 - 10
27
אא
1 10 10 0 10
1 0 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0 -
1 1 0 1 1
א א
א
א
אאאא
40
אא(First and Second Complement) W אאאא
אאאאאW A – B = A + B' +1
אאW אאאאאא
אאא،0אאא1אK
Wאאאא1010א 9,7 אK
WאאאאאK
אאHא א א 1 10000111 107 1 01101001 109
אאW אא( 1 )אאK
אאZאאH١
Wאאאא1010א 5,7 אK
WאאאאאK W( 1 ) אאK
אא אאHא א א 1000+1=1001 1000-111 107 1010+1=1011 1010-101 105
א
אאאא
41
אאא(Hexadecimal System)W אא16אKאא16א
אאאא09אאא10א15אA F10 ـ A ــــــــــــــ
א11 ــــــــــــــB א12ــــــــــــــــC א13 ـ ـ 14אD ــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــEא15ـــــــــــــــــ F K
אא(HEX) אאאאא
אאא(15)אאא (0111 1001)2 א(79)16
א1011 0110)2 (1101 1111אB6DF)16Eאאא אאא
F٢ J٤EאאאאאאאאW
א א
8 1000 80 0000 0 9 1001 91 0001 1 A 1010 102 0010 2
B 1011 113 0011 3
C 1100 124 0100 4
D 1101 135 0101 5
E 1110 146 0110 6
F 1111 157 0111 7
F٢ J٤E
א
אאאא
42
אאאאאאW
אאאא2B6)Eאא،א(2)אאאF256E
2*256=512 KאאאB)E11 16*11=176Kא(6)אא)1(1*6=6 ،אא
אאאא2B6)16(10)694( K אF٢ J٥EאW
16 160 161 162
א 1 16 256 אאא6 B 2
אא 1*6=6 16*11=176 256*2=512
F٢ J٥E
Wא16 )A3F.C( אK
16 16-1 160 161 162 א 0.0625 1 16 256
אאאC F 3 A אא 0.0625*12=0.751*15=1516*3=48256*10=2560
10)2623.75( = 10 )0.75 +15 +48+2560( 16 = )A3F.C(
א
אאאא
43
אאאאאאW א א 4510 א אא
16א א א ،4510 16 א 2א13Fא13אאא)D(אא
LSB אא א )2( א 16 א א א 2 א ،2
אאאאאKאאאאאאאW
4510 = 2D16
אא10F250.25E אK
אW
(250.25)10 = ( FA.4)16
13 الباقي
2 D
0162
21645
اقيالب
F A . 4
01615
1516250
00.016*00.0
00.416*25.0
א
אאאא
44
אאאאאאW אאאאאאK
אאאאא)3B9(K א4bit
אאאאK
3 B 9 0011 1011 1001
3B916 =1110111001 2
אאאאאW
E F . 7 4
1110 1111 . 0111 0100
47.FE16 = 1000111.11111112
אאאאאאW א101010000101א א،א
אאאאאאאאW
.0101 10001010 .5 8A
1010100001012=A8516
א
אאאא
45
אאאא
10010.011011 א א אאאאא
0001 א א א 1100 אאK
1100 0110 . 0010 0001
C 6 . 2 1
10010.0110112=126C16
אאא(BCD) W אאא،אאאא
אאאאאא(10010110)2K10(150)אא،א
אאאאF(BCD،אאאאF٢ J٦Eא(BCD) אאא
09K BCD
1 2480 0000 1 0001 0 1002 1 1003 0 0104 1 0105 0 1106 1 1107 0 0018 1 0019
F٢ J٦E
א
אאאא
46
אאאא(BCD) W אאאא)BCD(
א،)BCD(אK
Wאא(180)10FBCDE .0 81 .0000 10000001
(BCD) (BCD)אא
אאאא43.72)10E(BCD)BCD (01000011.01110010)يساوي
2 7 . 3 4
0010 0111 . 0011 0100
א(BCD)אאW אאאBCD)Eאא،
אאא(BCD) אאאאאא
אא(01010111) BCD(57)10
.01110101
.75אאBCD)(אאא
(BCD)אאאאאאאאאא،
אאW
WאאBCD(0111000100001000)
1000 0000 . 0001 0111
8 0 . 1 7
א
אאאא
47
אא
١LאאאאאאאW
(a) 79 (b) 146 (c) 218 (d) 391 (e) 504 ٢LאאאאאאאאאW
(a) 0.674 (b) 0.462 (c) 0.75 (d) 0.5 (e) 0.125
٣LאאאאאאאW (a) 10101011 (b) 1000111100 (c) 1100001011 (d) 110101100
٤LאאאאאאאאW
(a) 0.1011 (b) 0.0110 (c) 0.1110 (d) 0.1001 (e) 0.0010
٥LאאאאאאW (a) D5216 (b) D3.E16 (c) ABCD16 (d) 9F16 (e) 888.B16
٦LאאאאאאW (a) 256010 (b) 300010 (c) 631.2510 (d) 810 (e) 204.12510
٧LאאאאאאW (a) A6416 (b) 1F.C16 (c) 234.416 (d) 1C16 (e) B16
٨LאאאאאW
(a) 10000.12 (b) 110101.0110012 (c) 1001.11112 (d) 10000001.11012
٩LאאאאBCDאW (a) 1010BCD (b) 10000110BCD (c) 00010111BCD
١٠LאאאאאBCDW (a) 610 (b) 99.910 (c) 145.610 (d) 21.00110
א
אאאא
48
אאאא
אאאא אאאא،אאאאאא،אאF E
אא،אאאאאK
אאאאאWאא
א אאFאאE
١Kאאאאא ٢K אאאאא ٣K אאא ٤K אא ٥K אאאאאא ٦K אאאאאא ٧K אאאאאא ٨K אאאאאא ٩K אאאאBCD ١٠KאאBCDאא
אאאFאEאאא،א????אאאאK
א
אאאא
49
אאאאאאאאאאאא
א
אאאא
50
אאW אאאאאאאא
אאW ١LאאאאFEAND GateK
٢LאאאאFE OR GateK ٣LאאאאFאE NOT GateK ٤LאאאאFאE NAND GateK ٥LאאאאFאE NOR GateK ٦LאאאאFאE XOR GateK ٧LאאאאFאאE XNOR GateK ٨LאאאאK ٩Lאאאאא
אK
אאאW אאא٩٥ K٪
אא F٢٠E
אאW
אFאאE
אאK אאW5101-3E)(
(Data Show) K
אאW אאאK
א
אאאא
51
אאאאאאאא
אW
אאאאאאאאאא
אאאאW
١LאאאאאאאאK
٢LאאאאK
٣LאאאאאK
٤LאאאאאאK
٥LאאאאK
٦LאאאאאאK
٧LאאאאK
٨LאאK
٩LאאאאאאK
١٠LאאK
١١LאאאK
١٢LאאאאאK
א
אאאא
52
١LאאאאאאK
٢LאאאאאאK
٣LאאאK
٤Lאא)TURN OFF(אאאאK
٥L?א??א?
٦LאאאאאאK
٧LאאאאאK
٨LאאאFאE אאאK
٩LאאאאאאאאאאאK
١٠Lאאאא אK
١١Lאא،אאאK
אאאאאאאאאא
א
אאאא
53
אאW Logic states
אאאאאWאRC)(،אאאא
אאאאאא،،אW،אאא
אאאאKאאאאאFאאאאא
EאK
אאאאאFEאאא،אא
אאKאאאאKאאאא
אK
אא?1?Logic 1
א0?א?Logic 0
?1??0?אBit
אאW
١K אא?+ve?Positive Logic
٢K אא?-ve?Negative Logic
א
אאאא
54
Wאא "+ve "Positive Logic
?1? K ?0? K
F١E
F٢E
F٣E
אW
אאאאK
+5V “1” -5V “0”
+5V “1” ٠ V “0”
“1”
“0”
+5V
OV
J5V
א
אאאא
55
Wאא?-ve?Negative Logic
?1? عنه?? ?0? ??
F١E
F٢E
F٣E
"0"
"1"
+5V “0” OV “1”
+5V “0” J5V “1”
+5V
OV J
5V
א
אאאא
56
אW
אאאאאאK
WאF٣ J١EאאאאאאאTTLK
F٣ J١E
W אאא0"א "ViL max =
אאא1?א " ViH min =
אאא0?א?VoL max =
אאא1?א? VoH min =
אW
א א א Data sheetאאאK
א
אאאא
57
אא(W5101-3E)W
אF٣ J٢Eאאאא،אאאא
אאאאאאאאאK
F٣ J٢E
אW
TURN OFF אאאאK
א
אאאא
58
אאW אF٣ J١Eאא(W5101-3E) K
א אא ١(H / L) ٨ ---------
٢א(Led displays) ٨ ---------
٣אAND / & / NAND ) (אא ٤ 74HC00
٤אAND / & / NAND ) (אא ٤ 74HC20
٥אOR / ≥ / NOR ) (אא ٤ 74HC02
٦אOR / ≥ / NOR ) (אא ٤ 74HC4002
٧א(XOR / =1 ) אא ٨ 74HC86
٨א)NOT / 1 ( ٤ 74HC04
٩)(J-K with Set and Clear ٤ 74HC112
١٠(J-K with Clear) ٦ 74HC107
١١(D Flipflops) ٤ 74HC74
١٢(4-Bit full-adder) ١ 74HC283
١٣א(Decimal Counter) ١ ---------
١٤א ٣ ---------
١٥אL(4-Bit Binary Counter)١ 74HC191
١٦אאאא(4-Bit BCD) ١ 74HC160
١٧(2-Bit) ٢ ---------
١٨(0 …. 10 KHz) ١ 74HC4040
١٩L(Monoflop 1s > T > 1ms)١ 74HC4538
F٣ J١E
א
אאאא
59
אאא(logic gate)W אאא(logic gate)אאאאK
אאאאאאאא?אאאאK?אאאאא(HIGH)
(LOW)אאא(HIGH)אא“1”אא(LOW)אא“0”אא
אאאא،א1א0אK
אאאאKאאאא??(AND gate)א??(OR gate)א?א?(NOT gate)K
١–א??–AND gate
L B A
F٣ J٣E אאאאANDאא
א
אאאא
60
US symbol UK symbol
F٣ J٤Eאאא??
OUTPUT B A
0 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
1 1 1
F٣ J٢E
אאאF٣ J٣Eאא?AND?אאאאאA & B On
א،אאK אאF٣ J٢Eא??ANDא?1?
אאא?1?
אW ١–אאאאאאW
אZ2nn אאאK ٢–אאאK
א
אאאא
61
Wאאא2א22=4אn=3
8 = 23א
אאאANDW? אא(Boolean Algebra) אאא
אאאאאאאאאאK
אANDאאW
A . B = Y
ABאYY=A and B
אאאאAND?
١Wאאאאא??ANDאאאאאאאW
אW
אאאאאK
1
0
1
0 1
0
א
אאאא
62
٢Wאאאאא??ANDאאא،אאאאאW
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
א
אאאא
63
אא א" AND"אאא F١E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאא"AND" אא
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
אא
١S1 , S2 ٢LED1
٣אW5101-3E
אא
١א(AND) אאאK
٢אאאאB , A K
٣אאאאאאאYK
٤א(AND) אאאאK
٥אאאא(AND) אאK ٦אא
א
אאאא
64
א
אOUTPUT אINPUT
Y A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
Y = ……………………..…..………
א(AND) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
65
א
אאא"AND" א
א אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
66
אא א" AND"אא
א א F٢E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאא"AND" אא
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
אא
١S1 , S2 , S3 ٢LED1
٣אW5101-3E
אא
١א(AND) אאאאK
٢אאאא(A , B , C) ٣אאאאאאאYK
٤א(AND) אאאאK
٥אאאאאאא؟א
٦אא
א
אאאא
67
א
אOUTPUT אINPUT Y AB C 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
0 0 1
1 0 1
0 1 1
1 1 1
Y = ……………………..…..………
א(AND) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
אאא
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
68
א
אאא"AND" א
אא אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
69
٢–א??OR gate
L B A
אF٣ J٥E אאאאORאא
US symbol UK symbol
F٣ J٦Eאאא??
OUTPUT B A
0 0 0
1 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 1
F٣ J٣E
אאאF٣ J٥Eאא?OR?אאאאאA & B OnK
אF٣ J٣Eא??אFאEאא?1?
א
אאאא
70
אאאORW A + B = Y
A BYA OR B = Y
אאאאORW
Wאאאא(OR)אאאאאא،אאאאאW
אאאOR אאA + B = Y
אW
אאאoffאאK
1
0
1
0
1
0
אA
אB
אY
א
אאאא
71
אא א" OR"אא א F٣E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאא"OR" אא
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
אא
١S1 , S2 ٢LED1
٣אW5101-3E
אא
١א(OR) אאאK
٢אאאאB , A K
٣אאאאאאאYK
٤א(OR) אאאאK
٥אאאא(OR) אאK ٦אא
א
אאאא
72
א
אOUTPUT אINPUT
Y A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
Y = ……………………..…..………
א(OR) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
73
א
אאא"OR" א
א אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
74
אא א" OR"אא
א א F٤E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאא"OR" אא
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
אא
١S1 , S2 , S3 ٢LED1
٣אW5101-3E
אא
١א(OR) אאאאK
٢אאאאA , B , C ٣אאאאאאאYK
٤א(OR) אאאאK
٥אאאאאאא؟א
٦אא
א
אאאא
75
א
אOUTPUT אINPUT Y AB C 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
0 0 1
1 0 1
0 1 1
1 1 1
Y = ……………………..…..………
א(OR) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
אאא
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
76
א
אאא"OR" אא
א אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
77
٣–אאNOT gate
Output Input US symbol UK symbol
Y A
1 0
0 1
F٣ J٧EאאאNOT אK
אF٣ J٧EאאאאאאאKא "1"א"0"אא
א،אאK אאאNOT W
Y = A
א
A = 0 A = 0 A = 1
אאאאNOT W WאאאאאאNOTאא
אאW
0
A1
A or A0
A
1
0
1
0
א
א
א
אאאא
78
אא אא" NOT Gate" א F٥E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאא"NOT" אא
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
אא
١S1 ٢LED1
٣אW5101-3E
אא
١אא(NOT) אK
٢אאאא A . ٣אאאאאאאYK
٤אא(NOT) אאאאK
٥אאאא(NOT) אאK ٦אאK
א
אאאא
79
א
אOUTPUT אINPUT
Y A 0 1
Y = …………..………
א(NOT) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
80
א
אאאא
" NOT Gate"אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
81
٤ Jא??NAND gate W
Y B A US symbol UK symbol
1 0 0
1 1 0
1 0 1
0 1 1
F٣ J٨Eאאא??אא
(NAND)אNOT AND)EF(ANDאאאאאא(AND)،
אF٣ J٨Eאאא(NAND)אK
אאא NANDW
Y = A . B
אW
אא(TURN OFF)אאאאK
א
אאאא
82
אא א" NAND"א
א א F٦E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאא"NAND" אא
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
אא
١S1 , S2 ٢LED1
٣אW5101-3E
אא
١א(NAND) אאאK
٢אאאא(B , A) K
٣אאאאאאאYK
٤א(NAND) אאאאK
٥אאאא(NAND) אאK ٦אא
א
אאאא
83
א
אOUTPUT אINPUT
Y A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
Y = ……………………..…..………
א(NAND) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
84
א
אאא"NAND" א
א אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
85
אא א" NAND" אא א F٧E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאא"NAND" אא
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
אא
١S1 , S2 ٢LED1 , LED2
٣אW5101-3E
אא
١א(NAND) אאאK
٢אאאא(A , B) K ٣אאאאאאא. ٤אאאאאאאאאא
٥אאאאאאאאK
٦אאK
א
אאאא
86
\
א
אOUTPUT אINPUT Y2Y1A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
Y1 = ………………..……. , Y2 = ………………………...
אאאאאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
אאא
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
87
א
אאא" NAND"
אא אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
88
٥ Jא???NOR gate W
אאאאאF٣ J٩KEא??FאKEא(A,B) אא(A+ B)K،אאאאא?____?אאא???(NOR)
Y B A US symbol UK symbol
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
0 1 1
F٣ J٩Eאאא??אא
אאאא? ?אF٣ J٩E??א??אאKאאא
אK
אאאW
Y = A + B
א
אאאא
89
אא א" NOR"אא א F٨E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאא"NOR" אא
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
אא
١S1 , S2 ٢LED1
٣אW5101-3E
אא
١א(NOR) אאאK
٢אאאא(B , A) K
٣אאאאאאאYK
٤א(NOR) אאאאK
٥אאאא(NOR) אאK ٦אא
א
אאאא
90
א
אOUTPUT אINPUT
Y A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
Y = ……………………..…..………
א(NOR) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
91
א
אאא"NOR" א
א אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
92
אא א" NOR" אא א F٩E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאא"NOR" אא
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
אא
١S1 , S2 ٢LED1 , LED2
٣אW5101-3E
אא
١א(NOR) אאאK
٢אאאאA , B ٣אאאאאאא
٤אאאאאאאאאא
٥אאאאאאא؟א
٦אא
א
אאאא
93
\
א
אOUTPUT אINPUT Y2Y1A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
Y1 = ………………..……. , Y2 = ………………………...
אאאאאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
אאא
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
94
א
אאא" NOR"
אא אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
95
٦–א??אExclusive OR gate = EXOR
Z B A US symbol UK symbol
0 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
0 1 1
F٣ J١٠Eאאא(EXOR) אא
אאא???1?אאאא?0?
א (EXOR)אF٣ J١٠EK אאEXORW
אאאאא(EXOR)אאא
Y = A B
אF٣ J١١EאEXORאANDORNOT
F٣ J١١EאאאאEXOR
א
אאאא
96
אא אאאEXOR א F١٠E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאא"EXOR" אא
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
אא
١S1 , S2 ٢LED1 ٣אW5101-3E
אא
١אאא(EXOR) אK
٢אאאאB , A) (K
٣אאאאאאאYK
٤אאא(EXOR) אאK
٥אאאאאא(EXOR) אאK٦אא
א
אאאא
97
א
אOUTPUT אINPUT
Y A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
Y = ……………………..……………………
אאא(EXOR) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
98
א
אאאאאEXOR
אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
99
אא אאא" EXOR" א F١١E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאא"EXOR" אא
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
אא
١S1 , S2 ٢LED1
٣אW5101-3E
אא
١א(EXOR) אK
٢אאאאA , B) ( ٣אאאאאאאYK
٤א(EXOR) אאאאK
٥אאאאאאאאא(AND , OR , NOT) K
٦אא
א
אאאא
100
א
אOUTPUT אINPUT
Y A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
Y = ……………………..…..………
אאא(EXOR) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
אאא
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
101
א
אאאאא " EXOR"
אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
102
٧ Jאא(EXNOR) W
Y A B US symbol UK symbol
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
1 1 1
F٣ J١٢Eאאא??אאא
?אא?א?אאאא?אאאאאא
אאא1?א?אF٣ J١٢E
אאאא(EXNOR) W אאאאא?א?
אF٣ J١٣Eא(EXNOR)אANDORNOT
F٣ J١٣Eאאאא?א?(EXNOR)
א
אאאא
103
אא אאאEXNOR א F١٢E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאא"XNOR" אא
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
אא
١S1 , S2 ٢LED1 ٣אW5101-3E
אא
١אאא(EXNOR) אK
٢אאאא(B , A) K
٣אאאאאאאYK
٤אאא(EXNOR) אאK
٥אאאאא(EXNOR) אאK ٦אאK
א
אאאא
104
א
אOUTPUT אINPUT
Y A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
Y = ……………………..……………………
אאא(EXNOR) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
105
א
אאאאאEXNOR
אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
106
אא אאא" EXNOR"א F١٣E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאא"EXNOR" אא
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
אא
١S1 , S2 ٢LED1
٣אW5101-3E
אא
١א(EXNOR) אK
٢אאאא(A , B) ٣אאאאאאאYK
٤א(EXNOR) אאאאK
٥אאאאאאאאא(AND , OR , NOT) K
٦אא
א
אאאא
107
א
אOUTPUT אINPUT
Y A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
Y = ……………………..…..………
אאא(EXNOR) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
אאא
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
108
א
אאאאא
" EXNOR"אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
109
אאאאאW
אאאאאאאKאאאאאאFאאEא
אאKא??א??،אאאאK
אאאא
א
אאא
אאאא
אאא
אאא
NAND ZHNOR ZH AND Z HNAND ZH NOR Z HOR ZH OR Z HAND ZH
F٣ J٤EאאF٣ J٥Eאאא
אאאא א
אאא אאא
OR Z HH
AND Z HH
NOR Z HH
NAND Z HH
F٣ J٦Eאאא
א
אאאא
110
אאאW
אאאאאאאאאאאאאאW
١ J ?–?"AND - OR gates"
F٣ J١٤Eאאא
WאאאאאאY = A . B + C . D + E א?–K?
אW א? JK?
א
אאאא
111
٢–??"NANAD gatesW
אאאא،אאאאא??NANDאF٣ J١٥E
Y = A.B + C.D + E
F٣ J١٥E
א
אאאא
112
אאא
אאUS symbol UK symbol אא
AND
Y = A . B
OR
Y = A + B
NOT
NANAD
NOR
EXOR
EXNOR
F٣ J٧E
א
אאאא
113
אא
١W אאANDא–אאאאאאK
٢W אאORאאאאאאאאאאK
٣W אאאאORאאK
٤W אאNOTאאK
٥W אאאאאאאWYCADCBA
٦W אאאF١EBW
١ JB = 1 ٢ JB = 0
F١E ٧W אאאF٢Eא
W
F٢E
א
אאאא
114
٨Wאאאאאאא(NAND)אאאK
٩Wאאאאאאא(NOR)אאאK
١٠Wאאאאאאאא(EXOR)אאאK
١١Wאאאאאאאא(EXNOR)אאאK
١٢WאאאF٣Eא:C
١ JC = 1 א ٢ JC = 0 א
١٣Wאאאא(EXNOR) אF٤WE
١٤ Wאאא א א אYCBACBACBA
،אא??(AND)א??(OR)אK
F٣E
F٤E
א
אאאא
115
אאאא
אאאא אאאאאא،א
אאאאא،אאF Eא،אאא
אאאK
אאאאאWאאאא
א אאFאאE
١Kאאא(AND)K ٢K אאא(OR)K ٣K אאא(NOT)K ٤K אאא(NAND)K ٥K אאא(NOR)K ٦K אאא(EXOR)K ٧K אאא(EXNOR)K ٨K אאאאאאK ٩K אאאאאK
אאאFאEאאאא،????
אאאאK
א
אאאא
116
אאאאאאאאאאאא
א
אאאא
117
אאW אאאאאאאא
אאW ١Lאאאאאא (Half Adder)K ٢LאאאאאאHalf Subtract) (K ٣Lאאאאאא)(Digital Comparator K ٤Lאאאאא)Multiplexer( K
٥LאאאאאDemultipexer) ( K ٦Lאאאאא
אK
אאאW אאא٩٥ K٪
אא
F١٨E אאW אאאK אFאEK
אאK
אא
( Data Show )
אאW אאאK
א
אאאא
118
אאאאאאאא
אW
אאאאאאאאאא
אאאאW
١LאאאאאאאאK
٢LאאאאK
٣LאאאאאK
٤LאאאאאאK
٥LאאאאK
٦LאאאאאאK
٧LאאאאK
٨LאאK
٩LאאאאאאK
١٠LאאK
١١LאאאK
א
אאאא
119
١Lאאאאאא
٢LאאאאאאK
٣LאאאK
٤Lאא)TURN OFF(אאאאK
٥LאאK
٦LאאאאאאK
٧LאאאאאK
٨LאאאFאE אאאK
٩LאאאאאאאאאאאK
١٠Lאאאא אK
١١LאאאאאK
אאאאאאאא
א
אאאא
120
אא "H . A "Half Adder
F٤ J١E
אאאאA B
אאS SUM ?א?אאC Carry א?אא?W
א א
א C
א S
B A
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
F٤ J١EאאH.A
אאW
אCarry W
אא??(AND) אאא
אא(XOR) א(AND) אF٤ J١EK
א
אאאא
121
אא אאHalf Adder) ( א F١E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאאאא(Half Adder)
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
אא
١S1 , S2 ٢LED1 , LED2 ٣אW5101-3E
אא
١אאא(Half Adder) אK
٢אאאא(B , A) K
٣אאאאאאאK
٤אאא(Half Adder) אאK
٥אאאא(Half Adder)אאאK ٦אאK
א
אאאא
122
א
א א
א C
א S
A B
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
S = …………..……………..……… , C = ….….……………………
אאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
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אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
123
א
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אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
124
אא "H.S "Half Subtract
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אאאאאאאDDifference?א?אאא
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א B
א D
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א A
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F٤ J٢Eאא אD) ( W
אXOR
א(B) W אANDאא
אאאאאF٤ J٢EK
א
אאאא
125
אא אאHalf Subtract) ( א F٢E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאאאאHalf Subtract
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אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
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١S1 , S2 ٢LED1 , LED2 ٣אW5101-3E
אא
١אאא(Half Subtract) אK
٢אאאא(B , A) K
٣אאאאאאא
٤אאאאאK
٥אאאא(Half Subtract)אאאK ٦אאK
א
אאאא
126
א
א א
א B
א D
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0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
D = …………..……………..……… , B = ….….……………………
אאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
127
א
אאאא(Half Subtract)
אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
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١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אאא ١٥
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
128
אא )(Digital Comparator W
אאאאא??FEFEFאE)A>B, A<B , A=B(
אאאF٤ J٣EW
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Z A>B
Y A<B
X A=B
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0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 1
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F٤ J٣E
אF٤ J٣EאאW
א
אאאא
129
אאאאF٤ J٤EW
F٤ J٤Eאאא
א
אאאא
130
אא אאDigital Comparator) (
א F٣E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאאא
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
אא
١S1 , S2 ٢LED1 , LED2 , LED3 ٣אW5101-3E
אא
١אאא אK ٢אאאא(B , A) K
٣אאאאאא X , Y , Z ٤אאאאאK
٥אאאאאאאK ٦אאK
א
אאאא
131
א
א א
Z A > B
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X A = B
B A
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
אאאאאאא KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
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א
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
132
א
אאאא
(Digital Comparator) אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
133
אMultiplexerW
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אאאאאאIC
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F٤ J٦EאאאאFאE
א
אאאא
134
אא א(Multiplexer) א F٤E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאא(MUX)
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
אא
١אאאS1 , S2 , S3 , S4 , S5 , S6 ٢אאאLED1 , LED2 , LED3 , LED4 , LED5 ٣אW5101-3E
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١אא(Multiplexer) אK
٢אאאאאא ( Y )
٣אא(Multiplexer) אאK ٤אאא(Multiplexer) אאאK ٥אאK
א
אאאא
135
א אOUTPUT אINPUT
Y S1 S0
0 0
1 0
0 1
1 1
אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
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א
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
136
א
אאא (Multiplexer)
אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
137
א(Demultiplexer)
אאאK
א)(1 - TO - 4 DemultiplexerW
אF٤ J٧Eאאאא1 - TO - 4
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D3 D2 D1 D0 S1 S0
0 0 0 E 0 0
0 0 E 0 1 0
0 E 0 0 0 1
E 0 0 0 1 1
F٤ J٤E
א
אאאא
138
F٤ J٨Eאאאאא )(1 - TO - 4
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א
אאאא
139
אא א(Demultiplexer) א F٥E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאאא(DMUX)
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
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١אאאS1 , S2 , S3 ٢אאאLED1 , LED2 , LED3 , LED4 ٣אW5101-3E
אא
١אא(Demultiplexer) אK
٢אאאאאאK
٣א(Demultiplexer) אאK ٤אאא(Demultiplexer) אאאK ٥אאK
א
אאאא
140
א
אOUTPUT אINPUT
D3 D2 D1 D0 S1 S0
0 0
1 0
0 1
1 1
אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
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א
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
141
א
אאא(Demultiplexer)
אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
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א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
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א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
142
אאא
١LאאאאאאאאK ٢LאאאאאאאאK ٣LאאאאאאאאK ٤LאאאאאאK ٥LאאאאאאK
א
אאאא
143
אאאאאאאא
אאאאא،אאאאאאאא،
F Eאא،אאאאאK
אאאאאWאאא
א אאFאאE
١Kאאאאא ٢K אאאאא ٣K אאאאא ٤K אאאא ٥K אאאא
אאאFאEאאאא،????
אאאאK
א
אאאא
144
אאאאאאאא
א
אאאא
145
אאW אאאא
אאW ١LאאאS-R)(אאאאK ٢LאאאS-R)(אאאאK ٣Lאאא(D)אאK ٤LאאאJ-K)(אאאאK ٥Lאאאאא
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אאאW אאא٩٥ K٪
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אאW5101-3E)(K
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אאW אאאK
א
אאאא
146
אאאאאאאא
אW
אאאאאאאאאא
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١LאאאאאאאאK
٢LאאאאK
٣LאאאאאK
٤LאאאאאאK
٥LאאאאK
٦LאאאאאאK
٧LאאאאK
٨LאאK
٩LאאאאאאK
١٠LאאK
١١LאאאK
א
אאאא
147
١Lאאאאאא
٢LאאאאאאK
٣LאאאK
٤Lאא )TURN OFF(אאאאK
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٦LאאאאאאK
٧LאאאאאK
٨LאאאFאE אאאK
٩LאאאאאאאאאאאK
١٠Lאאאא אK
١١LאאאאאאאאאאאK
١٢LאאאאאK
אאאאאאא
א
אאאא
148
א)Flip-Flops(W
אאאאאאאא،אאאא،אאאאאאאאאא،אאאאאאאאK
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אאאאאאאא(Flip –Flop)אאאאאא
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אW א(Flip Flops)אאאאא
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149
אאW
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א
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150
א Qא Q אR S
אא 0 0 0 0
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אא
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אא1?א?
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אF٥ J١E
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JS (1)Q אא(1)Kא(1)Qא(0)אK
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Kאאאאא
א
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151
אא אS-R) ( א F١E
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אא
אא(S-R) אא
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
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١S1 , S2 ٢LED1 , LED2 ٣אW5101-3E
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١אא(S-R) אK ٢אאאאאאK
٣א(S-R) אאK
٤אא(S-R) אאאK ٥אאK
א
אאאא
152
א
א א
Q=L2Q = L1 S = SW1R = SW2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
١ Jא(S-R) אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٢ Jא(S-R) אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ Jא(S-R) אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٤ Jא(S-R) אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
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אאW אW אאW אW
א
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153
א
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אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
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א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
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אאאא
154
٢ Jא(S-R) אאW
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155
אF٥ J٤Eאא)S-R(אאאא)NAND(،אNAND) (אS-R) (אאFאE
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S
R
א
אאאא
156
א (Mode Of Operation)
אא
Q CK R S
אNo Change Q0 ↓ X X
אFאENo Change Q0 X 0 0
אאLatch RESETS 0 ↑ 1 0
אאLatch SETS 1 ↑ 0 1
אאInvalid Condition ? ↑ 1 1
אF٥ J٢E א(0)(1)Z↑
ZX אאאZQ0
א
אאאא
157
אא אS-R) ( אא א F٢E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אא(S-R) אאאא
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אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
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١S1 , S2 , S3 ٢LED1 , LED2 ٣אW5101-3E
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١אא(S-R) אאאK ٢אאאאאאK
٣א(S-R) אאאאאK
٤אא(S-R) אאאאאK ٥אאK
א
אאאא
158
א
א א
Q=L2 Q = L1 ENABLE = CK R = SW2 S = SW3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
١ Jא(S-R) אאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
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א
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
159
א
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אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
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א
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٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
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١ J ٢ J ٣ J
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א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
160
٣ Jא(D) W א א א (D)א אא
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F٥ J٣Eא(0)(1)Z↑،ZX
א
אאאא
161
אF٥ J٦Eאא(D)א(NAND) א)D(
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א
אאאא
162
אא אD) ( א F٣E
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١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
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١אא(D) אK ٢אאאאאאK
٣א(D) אאK
٤אא(D) אאאK ٥אאK
א
אאאא
163
א
א א
Q=L2Q = L1Enable = CKD = SW2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
١ Jא(D) אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
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א
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
164
א
אאאD) ( אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
165
٤ Jא(J-K)אאW
אא)(J-KאאאאKאאJ,K)(אאאאאאא(S-R)
אאKא(J-K)א)(S-RאאאWאא،אאFSetE
אא)Reset(Kאא)J-K(אS-R)(K
אF٥ J٧EאאJ-K)(אאאאKאאאS-R)(אא
אאאJ,K)(אא)1(אאK
אF٥ J٧E
אF٥ J٤EאJ-K)(א
)S-R(אאאאא(J,K)א1( א(א(Q)אאאא
א(CK) K
א
אאאא
166
א (Mode Of Operation)
אא
Q CK K J
אNo Change Q0 ↑ X X
אFאENo Change Q0 ↓ 0 0
אאRESET 0 ↓ 1 0
אאSET 1 ↓ 0 1
אToggle
Q0 ↓ 1 1
אF٥ J٤E א(1)(0)Z↓
ZX אאאZQ0
א
אאאא
167
אא אJ-K) (אא א F٤E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אא(J-K) אאאא
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
אא
١S1 , S2 , S3 ٢LED1 , LED2 ٣אW5101-3E
אא
١אא(J-K) אאאK ٢אאאאאאK
٣א(J-K) אאאאאK
٤אא(J-K) אאאאאK ٥אאK
א
אאאא
168
א
א א
Q = L1 CLK = SW1 J = SW2 K = SW3
1 0
0 0
0 1
0 0
1 1
١ Jא(J-K) אאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٢ Jא(J-K) אאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ Jא(J-K) אאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
169
א
אאאJ-K) (אא אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
170
אא
١LאאK ٢Lאא(S-R)אאאאא،אאK ٣LאאJ-K)(אאאK ٤Lאא(D)אאK ٥LאאS-RאאאK
א
אאאא
171
אאאא
אאאא אאאא،אאאאאאא،אF E
אאא،אאאאK
אאאאאWאא
א אאFאאE
١Kאא(S-R) ٢K אא(S-R)אא ٣K אא(D) ٤K אא(J-K)אא
אאאEאFאאאא،????
אאאאK
א
אאאא
172
אאאאאאאאאאאא
א
אאאא
173
אאW אאאאאאאא
אאW ١Lאאאאאא
٢Lאאאאאא JאאאK ٣LאאאאאאאאK
٤Lאאאאא JאאK ٥LאאאאאאאאK ٦Lאאאאאא JאאK ٧LאאאאאאאK ٨Lאאאאא
אK
אאאW אאא٩٥ K٪
אא
F١٨E אאW
אFאאE
אאW5101-3E)(
אא
(Data Show) K
אאW אאאK
א
אאאא
174
אאאאאאאא
אW
אאאאאאאאאאאאאאW
١LאאאאאאאאK
٢LאאאאK
٣LאאאאאK
٤LאאאאאאK
٥LאאאאK
٦LאאאאאאK
٧LאאאאK
٨LאאK
٩LאאאאאאK
١٠LאאK
١١LאאאK
١٢LאאאאאK
א
אאאא
175
١Lאאאאאא
٢LאאאאאאK
٣LאאאK
٤LאאאאאאאאאK
٥LאאK
٦LאאאאאאK
٧LאאאK
٨LאאK
٩LאאאאאאאK
١٠LאאK
١١LאאאאK
١٢LאאאאאK
١٣LאאאאאאאאאאאK
١٤LאאאאאK
אאאאאאאאא
א
אאאא
176
Wא(Registers)W
א،אאאאאאאאאאא
)bit (אא،אאאאא،
אאאאאאאאאאאאK
אאאאאאאאאW
١Lאאאאאא(SISO) K ٢Lאאאאאא(SIPO) K
٣Lאאאאאא(PISO) K ٣Lאאאאאא(PIPO) K
אF٦ J١EאאK
F٦ J١E
א
אאאא
177
אאאאא–אאא)SISO(W
אF٦ J١Eאא،אאאאא(0110) אאאא(1001)
אאאK
F٦ J١E
אאא )1st (אאאאאאאאאאאאא
FאאאEאאאאאK
אאא)2nd( א(0110)אאאאאא(1001)K
،אאאאאא،אאא،אאא(0110)אא
אאאא،(1001)אאאK
א
אאאא
178
אF٦ J٢Eאא(4-bits)
אאאD) (Kאאאא(D) אאא(FF0)אאא،(Q0) אא
(D)א(FF1)אאא،(Q1)אא(D)א(FF2)אאא،(Q2)אאא(D)אא(FF3)אאאאאאאאאאא
אK
F٦ J٢E
אאאא Jאא(SIPO)W אF٦ J٣Eאאאאאאאאא–אא،אאא،
אאאא(4-bits)אאאאאאאאאFאאאאKE
F٦ J٣E
א
אאאא
179
(4-bits)אאאאאאKאאאאאא
אא( Q0,Q1,Q2,Q3 )(4-bits)אאK
א
אאאא
180
אא אאאא–
אא(SIPO) א F١E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאא
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
אא
١S1 ٢LED1 , LED2 , LED3 , LED4 ٣אW5101-3E
אא
١אאא(SIPO)אK ٢אאא(0101) אא
٣אאאK
٤אאאאאאא ٥אאאאאאא(PIPO) K
א
אאאא
181
א
Output Input CK
Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0 D
0 0
1 1st
0 2nd
1 3rd
0 4th
אאאW KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
אאא(PIPO)
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
182
א
אאאאאא
אא אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
183
Wאאא (Counters)W אאאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאK
אאאאאאאW אF٦ J٤ JEאא
אK(J-K)אאKאאאאאאאאא
אאKא(J,K) א)1 (High אא
אאKאאאאאאא)Q(אF٦ J٤ JKEא
)Q0,Q1,Q2,Q3(אאאאא0000אאא
אאאאF٦ J٢EאאFF0 )Q0((LSB)אאFF3)Q3(א )MSB(K
Cycle Repeats
Binary Count
א
אאאא
184
F٦ J٤E
אא)(FF0אאאא(Q0)،אאאא )(Q0אF٦ J٤ JEאאאאאא
)(Q0"0""1"אאא"1"
"0"אKאא(Q0)אא)(FF1،)Q0(אQ1)(
(Q1)אQ2)(،(Q2)א)(Q3K
FE
FE
א
אאאא
185
אאאאאאאW אF٦ J٥Eאא(J-K)א
AND)(אאאא(4-bits)אאאאFEאא
אאאאאאאאKאאאא،אאאאא
אאK
F٦ J٥E
אאאאא(K,J)אא
(FF0)א(High)،א،אאאאאאאאא
אLow)((High))(High(Low) אK
א(K,J)אא(FF1)אאאא(2)אאא)(FF0Kאא)(Q0א(Low)א،Q1)(אא(FF1)אQ0) (
א(High) א،)Q1(K
א
אאאא
186
א(K,J)אא(FF2)אאאAND
(A) (Q0,Q1)KאQ0,Q1) (אאHigh
אאAND (A) (High)אאאא(FF2)
אאK
א(K,J) אא(FF3)אאאAND
(B) א)Q0,Q1,Q2(א(Q0,Q1,Q2) א)(HighאאAND (B))(Highאאאא)FF3 (
אאK
א
אאאא
187
אא אאאאא א F٢E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאאאאא
א
אאא
١אאW5101-3E ٢אא
אא
١S1 , S2 ٢LED1 , LED2 , LED3 , LED4 ٣אW5101-3E
אא
١אאאאאאאK ٢אאאאאאאK ٣אאאאאאK
٤אאאאאאאאאK ٥אא
א
אאאא
188
א
אאאQ0Q1Q0Q3
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
אאאQ0Q1Q2Q3
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
א
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
189
א
אאאאאאאאLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
190
אא ١LאאאK ٢LאאאאSISO אK ٣LאאאאאאK ٤LאאאאK ٥LאאאאאאK ٦LאאאאאאאאK
א
אאאא
191
אאאא
אאאא אאאאאא،אא
אאאא،אאF Eאא،אאא
אאK
אאאאאWאאאא
א אאFאאE
١KאאאK ٢K אאא(SIPO)K ٣K אאאאאK ٤K אאאאאאK
אאאFאEאאאא،????
אאאאK
א
אאאא
192
אאאאאאאאאאאא
א
אאאא
193
אאW אאאאאאא
אאW ١Lאאאאא ٢Lאאאאאאאא ٣Lאאאאא(ROM) K ٤Lאאאאאא(RAM) K ٥Lאאאאא(RAM)K ٦Lאאאאא
אK
אאאW אאא٩٥ K٪
אא
F٥E אאW
א )TEST BOARD(
אאK
א?אא?אK
אא
(Data Show) K
אאW אאאK
א
אאאא
194
אאאאאאאא
אW
אאאאאאאאאאא
אאאW
١LאאאאאאאאK
٢LאאאאK
٣LאאאאאK
٤LאאאאאאK
٥LאאאאK
٦LאאאאאאK
٧LאאאאK
٨LאאK
٩LאאאאאאK
١٠LאאK
١١LאאאK
א
אאאא
195
١Lאאאאאא
٢LאאאאאאK
٣LאאאK
٤Lאא)TURN OFF(אאאאK
٥LאאK
٦LאאאאאאK
٧LאאאאאK
٨LאאאFאE אאאK
٩LאאאאאאאאאאאK
١٠Lאאאא אK
١١LאאאאאאאאאאאK
١٢LאאאאאK
אאאאאאאאא
א
אאאא
196
אאאW
אאאאא،אאאאאאאאאא،
אאאאאאאאאאא،
אאאאאא(Bit) אאK
אאאאW ١ Jא(Bit) Wאא
אא(0) (1)K
٢ Jא(Byte)Wאאא(8-Bit) K
א←F1Byte = 8 BitE
٣ Jא(Word)Wא(4-Bytes)(32-Bit)K
א←(Word = 4 Byte = 32 Bit)
אאאאאאאW ١ Jאאא(ROM : Read Only Memory) W
אאאאאא،אW
–אאאאK (PROM) Programmable Read Only Memory.
JאאאאאK (EPROM) Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.
JאאאאאK (EEPROM) Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.
א
אאאא
197
٢ Jאאאא(RAM: Random Access Memory) W
אאאאא،אאW
–אאאStstic Random Access Memory) ( אאא(Flip Flop)
–אאא(Dynamic Random Access Memory)
אאאK
אF٧ J١EאאF٦٤EאאאאאאאאאאF١٦E
F٤E، )Nibble (א(16*4)F١٦EאF٤EK
א←Nibble = 4 Bit
Bit A
Bit B
Bit C
Bit D
אא Bit A
Bit B
Bit C
Bit D
אא 8 0 9 1 10 2 1 0 1 0 11 3
12 4 13 5 14 6 15 7
F٧ J١E אאאFאאאאEאאאא
אאF١١E،אאאאאאאא،אאאאK
א( RAM )( ROM )( ROM )אאאאאK
א
אאאא
198
אאא(64-Bit) W
אF٧–١Eאא (7489)א( RAM ) (TTL)אאאאאF٦٤E،
F١٦EאF٤EאאW ١ Jא( DI1 , DI2 , DI3 , DI4 ) K ٢ Jא( ADA , ADB , ADC , ADD ) K ٣ J( DO1 , DO2 , DO3 , DO4 ) (L)
K ٤ Jאאא( WE : Write Enable )
(L) א(H) K ٥ Jאאאאא( ME : Memory Enable )
(L) K
אF٧–١E
א
אאאא
199
אאW
אF٧ J٢Eאא(RAM 7489)K
א א
א אא ME
א WE
אאא L L
אאא L H א
אאא H X
F٧–٢E
א
אאאא
200
אא אאא(RAM) א F١E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאאא(RAM) א
א
א
אאאא
201
אא
١(5V)٢אא(Test Board)
אא
١א(IC7489)
٢LED1 , LED2 , LED3 , LED4) E ٣(S1 , S2 , S3 , S4 , S5 , S6 , S7 , S8 , S9 , S10) ٤(R1=R2=R3=R4=1KΩ) ٥אא
אא
١אאאא(RAM) אK ٢אאאא(WE=0)
٣אאאאא(ME=1)
٤אאאאאאא ٥אאאאא(ME=0)
٦אF٣EF٤EF٥Eאאאא٧אאאא(WE=1) K ٨אאא(RAM) אאK ٩אאK
א
א א אא
ME
אWE
א
א
אאאא
202
א
א א
DI1 DI2 DI3 DI4 ADA ADBADCADD
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2
0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 3
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 4
0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 5
1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 6
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 7
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 8 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 10 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 12 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 13
1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 14
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 15
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
203
א
אאאאא(RAM) אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
١٥ אא אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
204
אא
١Lאאאא؟ ٢LאאאאאאK ٣Lאאאא؟אאא ٤Lאאאא(ROM)אאאא(RAM) ؟ ٥Lאאאא(64-Bit) אאאאK ٥Lאאאא(64-Bit) K
א
אאאא
205
אאאאאאאא
אאאאאא،אאאאאא،אא
F Eאא،אאאאאK
אאאאאWאאאא
א אאFאאE
١Kאאאא ٢K אאאאא ٣K אאאא(ROM) ٤K אאאאא(RAM) ٥K אאאאא(RAM) ٦K אאאאאא(RAM)
אאאFאEאאאא،????
אאאאK
א
אאאא
206
אאאאאא
א
אאאא
207
אאW אאאאאא
אאW ١LאאאK ٢LאאאאK ٣LאאK ٤LאאאK ٥LאאאK ٦LאאאאK ٧Lאאאאא
אK
אאאW אאא٩٥ K٪
אא
F١٨E אאW
א
אא
(Data Show) K
אאW אאאK
א
אאאא
208
אאאאאאאא
אW
אאאאאאאאאאא
אאאW
١LאאאWאאאאאK
٢LאאאאK
٣LאאאאאK
٤LאאאאאאK
٥LאאאאK
٦LאאאאאאK
٧LאאאאK
٨LאאK
٩LאאאאאאK
١٠LאאK
١١LאאאK
١٢LאאאאאK
א
אאאא
209
١LאאאאאאK
٢LאאאאאאK
٣LאאאK
٤LאאאאאאאK
٥LאאאאאאאאאאK
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٨L אאאאאאK
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١٠LאאאאאK
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210
א JאאW
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אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא
אאאאK אאאא
אאאאאאאK
אאאאאאאאK
Wאאאאאאאא
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א
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211
אאאW
אאאאאאאאאאאאא
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אאאאK W אאאא
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Eאאאאאאא
אאאK W אאאאאא؟
אאא،אאאאא
אK W אאאאאא
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א
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212
אW אאאאאאאאאאאא،
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אאא K אאאאW
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א١
א ٢
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א ٤
א
א אאא
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F٨ J١E
א
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213
אאW
אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא
F٨אאאא J٢KE
אאא
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אאאW אא
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א
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214
אF٨ J١EאאאW
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٢ ATMEL
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F٨ J١E
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215
אW
אאא،אאאאאאאאא
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K אא
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אאאא
אאאאאאK א JאאW
F٨ J٤E
א
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216
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CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT CPU
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Flash Program Memory ROM
אאאא
Random Access Memory RAM
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אאא I/O Ports
א
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217
אאW(CPU)אאאאאאאאאאאא
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218
אאאWאאאאאאאאאא
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219
אאאW
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220
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221
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אW אF٨ J٥Eאא(PIC)אא،אאאאK
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אאאאאאאPIC
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222
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223
אאW
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224
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225
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226
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227
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F٨ J١٦E
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228
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F٨ J١٧E
Jאא(PIC)אא(PIC 16F84A) F٨ J١٨KE
F٨ J١٨E
א
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229
Jאאאא
F٨ J١٩KE
F٨ J١٩E
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230
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231
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١ אאאK ٢ א(MicroC) אK ٣ אאא??(New Project)F٨ J٨KE F٨אאאאאא ٤ J٩E٥ אאאאF٨ J١٠E ٦ אאא(PIC)F٨ J١١KE ٧ א(PIC) אF٨ J١٣KE ٨ אאאאF٨ J٦KE ٩ א(picpgm programmer) F٨ J١٤KE ١٠א(JDM) F٨ J١٥KE ١١אאאF٨ J١٦KE ١٢אאF٨ J١٧KE ١٣אאא(PIC16F84A) F٨ J١٨KE١٤אאאאF٨ J١٩KE ١٥אאF٨ J٢٠KE
א
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232
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אאW אW אאW אW
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233
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א ١٥ א ٥٠
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234
אא
١Lא(Microcontroller)K ٢LאאאK ٣Lאאא؟ ٤Lאאא(Microcontroller) K ٥L؟אאא ٦Lאאאאא ؟
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235
אאאאאאאא
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אאאFאEאאאא،????
אאאאK
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236
אאאאאא
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237
אאW אאאא(OP.AMP)
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F١٨E אאW
אאא
א(TEST BORD) K
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(Data Show) K
אאW אאאK
א
אאאא
238
אאאאאאאא
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١١LאאאK
١٢LאאאאאK
א
אאאא
239
١LאאאאאאK
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٤Lאאאא(50V)א،א(50mA) K
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אאאאאא
א
אאאא
240
אא(OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER) W
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F٩ J٢Eאאאא(OP AMP)
א
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241
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F٩ J٣E
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אאאW ١ JאK
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א
אאאא
242
Wאאאא
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אאאW אאאא(741)אא
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א
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243
אFEאאW
،אאא،אאאא
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٨ J אאאאאאאאאK
א
אאאא
244
אאW
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א
א
אאאא
245
אא אא א F١E
א LL١٤ א
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אאאאא
א
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١א(±15V DC) K
٢FאKE ٣אאK
אאא
١אאאK ٢(TEST BORD) K
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١א(IC741) K ٢א(10KΩ * 3 , 100KΩ * 2 , RV1=10KΩ) K
א
אאאא
246
אא ١אאא(IC741) אאאא .
٢אאאאK ٣אאאאאא(±15V DC)K
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א
١אאאאK ٢אא(IC741)(10KΩ)K
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אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
247
א
אאאאאLL١٤
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א
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א
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א
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א
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א ١٥ א ٥٠
אא ١٥ אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
248
אאא(Inverting Amplifier)W
F٩ J٥Eאאא
אאאאאאאF٩ J٥Eאאאא،אאא
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אא(Vout)א+vcc) (-vcc) (,א
± vcc) ( אאאאאW
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R1
R2
Vin
Vo
א
אאאא
249
אא אאא א F٢E
א LL١٤ א
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אאאאאא
א
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١א(±15V DC) K
٢FאKE ٣אא–K
אאא
١אאאK ٢(TEST BORD) K
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١א(IC741) K ٢א(100KΩ , 10KΩ , 2.2KΩ , 1KΩ , 100Ω) K
א
אאאא
250
אא ١אאאא
٢אאאא(G) אאאK ٣אא(100mV) אאאK ٤אאאאאאאK
٥אאאאאא ٦א(VE) א(VA) אאK ٧אא(10mV)אא(400Hz) ٨אאאא(R1=1kΩ , Rg=10KΩ)٩אאK
א
Wא(R1=100Ω , Rg=100KΩ)
F(Hz) 100 400 1k 10k 100k 200k
VE(V) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
VA(V)
G
אאא(G) אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKZ
Wא(R1=100KΩ , Rg=10KΩ)
F(Hz) 100 400 1k 10k 100k 200k
VE(V) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
VA(V)
G
אאא(G) אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKZ
א
אאאא
251
א
Wא(R1=1kΩ , Rg=10KΩ)
F(Hz) 100 400 1k 10k 100k 200k
VE(V) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
VA(V)
G
אאא(G) אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKZ
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אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
252
א
אאאאא אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
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א
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אF٥٠GE
א
א
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א
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א ١٥ א ٥٠
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אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
253
אא(Non Inverting Amplifier) :
F٩ J٦Eאאא
אF٩ J٦EאאאאאאאW
אאאW R1
R21
Viv
Vo
אW
אאאאאK
א
אאאא
254
אא אאא א F٣E
א LL١٤ א
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١א(±15V DC) K
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א
אאאא
255
אא ١ אאאא
٢אאא(1KHz) K ٣אאא ٤ אאאא(2V/cm) (1ms/cm) K ٥ אאאא(5V/cm) (1ms/cm) K ٦ אאאא(Vin) K ٧אא(Vout) אאאK ٨אאאאא(Amplitude)א٩אא(Vin) אאאK ١٠אא(Vout) אאאK ١١אאאאK
١٢אאאאאK ١٣אאK
א
א
אאאא
256
א
א
WאאאW
WאאאW= ……...AV =
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
257
א
אאאאאאLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
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א
٧ J٨
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א
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א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
258
١W אאאאא(R2 = 100KΩ , R1 = 10KΩ) אאאא(Vin = 0.5V) K
אW אא10
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1R2RAv
אVo = ( -10 ) * 0.5 = -5V
אאאא180˚
٢W אאאא(R2 = 10KΩ , R1 = 1KΩ) אK
אW אא
אW
א א א א، א،אK
111K
K1011R2R1Av
א
אאאא
259
אא( Summing Amplifier ) W
F٩ J٧Eאא
אF٩ J٧EאאאאKאא
אאאאאאאא
،אאאאאאK Wאאא
VO = - ( V1 + V2 + V3 )
W אאאאK
אאאאאא
180°K
א
אאאא
260
אא אאא א F٤E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאאאא
א
אא
١א(±15V DC) K
٢FאKE ٣אא–K
אאא
١אאאK ٢(TEST BORD) K
אא
١ א(IC741) K ٢ א(22KΩ , 33KΩ , 27KΩ , 10KΩ *3) K
א
אאאא
261
אא ١ אאאא
٢אא(1 Vpp) א(1KHz) K ٣ אא(A1,A2) אאK٤ אא(Vpp) אאאK٥ אא(V1) (V2)אאאK ٦א(Vpp) אאאK ٧אא(R1) (22KΩ) (10KΩ) K ٨אא(S1,S2) אא(1 Vpp) K٩א(Vpp)(R1) אאא١٠אא(R1)(33KΩ) (22KΩ) K ١١אא(S1,S2)אא(1 Vpp) K١٢א(Vpp)(R1) אאא١٣אא(R1)(10KΩ)(33KΩ) K ١٤אא(RF)(27KΩ)(10KΩ) K ١٥אאא(R1=R2=10KΩ , RF=27kΩ)K ١٦אאK
א
WאW
S1 S2 V1 V2 Vout
Open Open 0 0
Open Closed 0 1 Vpp
Closed Open 1 Vpp 0
Closed Closed 1 Vpp 1 Vpp
A1 = …………. , A2 = …………..
א
אאאא
262
א
WאW
S1 S2 V1 V2 Vout
Open Open 0 0
Open Closed 0 1 Vpp
Closed Open 1 Vpp 0
Closed Closed 1 Vpp 1 Vpp
A1 = …………. , A2 = …………..
Wאא(R1) W
R1 S1 S2 V1 V2 Vout
22KΩ Closed Closed 1 Vpp 1 Vpp
33KΩ Closed Closed 1 Vpp 1 Vpp
אWא (R1=R2=10KΩ , RF=27KΩ) W
V1 or V2 0.5 Vpp 1 Vpp 1.5 Vpp 2 Vpp
Vout حسابيا
Vout قياسيا
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
263
א
אאאאא אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
264
אאFאEDifference Amplifier W
אאF٩ J٨Eאאאאאאא،אא
א )(Instrumentation Amplifierאאאאאא)(Transducers،
אאאFא JאאEא،אאאא
،אאK
Wא(R1=R2) אא)(V1א(V2)K
F٩ J٨EאאFאE
אאW
2)V1(V1R2RVO
1R4R
1R2R
א
אאאא
265
א (Comparator) W
אאא،אF٩ J٩Eאא،
א)300 000(אFEא )Vsat ( )(Vccא(1Volt)
(2Volt)K
F٩ J٩Eאא
F٩ J١٠Eא
א
אאאא
266
אF٩ J١٠Eאאא
אVd = V1 – V2א)(V errorאאW
)(V1 > V2 אא(Vd)א)+Vsat (K
)(V1 < V2א(Vd) א(-Vsat) K
אאW
א)Vd = V1 – V2 (אK
Vsat = Vout = ( V1 – V2 ) Avol אFאKE
2V1V
VsatVd
VsatAvol אאK
א
אאאא
267
אא א א F٥E
א LL١٤ א
אא
אאאא
א
אא
١א(±15V DC) K
٢FאKE ٣אא–K
אאא
١אאאK ٢(TEST BORD) K
אא
١ א(IC741) K ٢ א(10KΩ * 2 , 1KΩ) K ٣(0.47µf * 2) K
א
אאאא
268
אא ١ אאא
٢אאאאא(DC) K ٣ אאאא(10KΩ)K ٤ אאא(100Hz) (2Vpp) K ٥ אא(Vout) אאאK ٦א(Vp) אא(T) K ٧אאאאאאK ٨אא(100µf) אאאK ٩אאא(100Hz) (2Vpp) K ١٠אא(Vout) א(100µf) K ١١אאאאאאאא١٢אאK
אא
WאW
Volt Division =………..……….. Time Division= ……..….……
א
אאאא
269
אאא
WאאW
Volt Division =………..……….. Time Division= ……..….……
WאאW
Volt Division =………..……….. Time Division= ……..….……
א
אאאא
270
אאא
אWאאאW
Volt Division =………..……….. Time Division= ……..….……
א
WאWVp = ……………….…….....
WאאWT = ………………...….……
אא
אאW אW אאW אW
א
אאאא
271
א
אאא אLL١٤
אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א
א
אF٥٠GE
א
א
٩ J١٠
א
٧ J٨
٥ J٦
٣ J٤
٠ J٢
א
١ J ٢ J ٣ J
א
١ J ٢ J
א ١٥ א ٥٠
א١٥ א אא١٥ א
אא٥ א אא ١٠٠
אא א אא א
א
אאאא
272
אא
١LאאאאK
٣LאאאK
٣LאאK
٤LאאK
٥LR1 = 10kΩkΩR2 = 100Av , VoK
٦LR1 = 1kΩkΩR2 = 10AvK
٧LאאאK
א
אאאא
273
אאאא
אאאא אאא،אא
אאאא،אאF Eאא،אאא
אאK
אאאאאWא
א אאFאאE
١Kאאא ٢K אאא ٣K אאא ٤K אאא ٥K א
אאאFאEאאאא،????
אאאאK
א
אאאא
274
אא
אא א
אאא
אאא
K
אאא Lאא
א Albert paul malvino
אא Lא Lאא
אאא Lא
L
Lאאא
FE J J J J J J
אFE J J J J J J
אא
אא