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Boardworks Ltd 2009 1 of 31 Motivation What is motivation? Factors that stimulate someone to do something (achieve a goal). Providing a reason to act in a certain way.

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Boardworks Ltd 2009 2 of 31 Motivation management A business cannot function without employees, but they need a reason to work they need something to motivate them. What do you think motivates employees to go to work? Use the box below to record your ideas.

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Boardworks Ltd 2009 3 of 31 Content Theories of Motivation Do not make notes. Listen and think! Objectives: To know Taylors, Mayos, Maslows and Herzbergs theories of motivation.

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Boardworks Ltd 2009 4 of 31 Taylors motivation theory Frederick Winslow Taylor (18861915) used a scientific approach to try to work out how employees could work more efficiently to become more productive. Can you think of any jobs where a piece rate system would not work? He also suggested that staff are motivated by pay, so they should be paid piece rate to urge them to work harder. To do this, he timed some workers whilst they completed their tasks and worked out how they could have done the tasks faster. He concluded that workers should be made to perform tasks in the most time effective ways.

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Boardworks Ltd 2009 6 of 31 Mayos motivation theory This theory of group motivation became known as the Hawthorne Effect (after the electric plant). The psychologist George Elton Mayo (18801949) wanted to know whether staff working conditions affected their productivity. Mayo concluded that workers are motivated by respect and being part of a social group. Mayo found that the workers became more productive even when he made their working conditions worse. Do you think the workers productivity changed? Why? Mayo monitored a small group of electric plant workers. He explained to them that he was going to keep changing their working conditions but would warn them first.

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Boardworks Ltd 2009 7 of 31 Maslows motivation theory What would the next motivator be after safety?

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Boardworks Ltd 2009 8 of 31 An employees needs Now use Maslows theory to create a pyramid of your needs as a student.

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Boardworks Ltd 2009 9 of 31 Maslow recognised that different things would motivate different people. There is no point offering someone the opportunity to work in a team, if they are in physical, as what they really want is more money. Likewise, there is no point in offering someone in esteem more money (or is there?). Maslows motivation theory

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Boardworks Ltd 2009 10 of 31 Herzberg- two factor theory

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Boardworks Ltd 2009 11 of 31 Content Motivational Theories Why is motivation important? (page 155). What is a content theory (page 156)? For each of the 4 content motivation theories: Taylor Scientific (p156) What does Taylor believe is the main source of motivation? How should people be rewarded? Mayo Human Relations (p158) What did Mayo believe motivated workers? What is the Hawthorne effect? Maslow Hierarchy of needs (p159) Copy the hierarchy. Explain the hierarchy of needs. Herzberg two Factor Theory (p160) Explain the theory. Give examples of motivational and demotivational (hygiene) factors. With reference to theorists on motivation, discuss to what extent people at work are motivated by financial reward. (20)

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Boardworks Ltd 2009 12 of 31 Process Theories of Motivation Process motivation theories consider the thought processes of people. Process theories include Vroom and McClelland. (Beware your book seems to think McClelland is a content theory). These are minor compared to the other 4.

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Boardworks Ltd 2009 13 of 31 McClelland motivational needs theory All workers have the following needs, but in different measures. Achievement Authority / Power Affiliation

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Boardworks Ltd 2009 14 of 31 Vroom expectancy theory I quite like this one! People will do something if they expect to be rewarded for it. How motivated they will be depends on their; Valence (how much they want the reward). Expectancy (how much they believe that effort will lead to the reward). Instrumentality (how much they believe that the reward will be given).

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Boardworks Ltd 2009 15 of 31 Process Motivational Theories What is a process theory (page 162)? For each of the 2 process motivation theories: Describe the theory. Make sure that for each you give the name of the thinker and the name of the theory.

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Boardworks Ltd 2009 16 of 31 Motivation in Practice We have considered 6 different motivational theories. However, how are they of practical value?

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Boardworks Ltd 2009 17 of 31 Motivation in Practice Motivation in practice can be divided into financial and non-financial. For each; what is it? Which theory or theories is it related to? FinancialNon-Financial Hourly Piece rate Salary Commission Performance related pay Profit sharing Fringe benefits Job rotation Job enlargement Job enrichment Team working Quality circles Target setting Delegation Empowerment Participation

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Boardworks Ltd 2009 18 of 31