The Crusades: Cause and Effect

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"Siege of Jerusalem during the First Crusade." Photos/Illustrations. The British Library. World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2015. Web. 23 Oct. 2015.

Background Information

Major religious cities Constantinople – most important for Greek

Orthodox in the East Rome – most important for Roman Catholics

in the West Jerusalem – important to three major

religions▪ Judaism – known as Zion (God’s own city)▪ Christianity – location where Jesus was crucified

and resurrected▪ Islam – third “holy city” behind Mecca and Medina

In the 600s

Arab Muslims took control of Jerusalem and Palestine However, they still allowed Christians to

travel freely to Jerusalem for religious/personal reasons

1200s

Seljuk Turks took control of Jerusalem Seljuk Turks were warlike people who

converted to Islam▪ Over time, the Christian pilgrimage to

Jerusalem became increasingly dangerous ▪ Seljuk Turks began to threaten the Byzantine

Empire

Reaction

Byzantine Emperor Alexis I asked Pope Urban II for help (to try to save the Byzantine Empire from the Seljuk Turks) There was motivation to reunite the Roman

Catholic and Eastern Orthodox church again Fighting the Seljuk Turks could be profitable –

could reclaim land from them Pope Urban II claimed that God spoke to him

and told him to go to battle and to kill for control of the “holy land” – “Dues Vult” became the battle cry (means “God wills it”

Causes of the Crusades

Byzantine Empire faced a series of attacks

Byzantine Emperor Alexius I asked Pope Urban II for help Together they could reunite the East and West under one Christian Empire

Could gain territory and wealth Dues Vult! God wills it.

1st Crusade 1096-1099

Christians took up arms and launched the first of nine crusades – heading east toward the holy land Peasants and nobility fought Took provisions from the land as they crossed it Killed non-Christians along the way Three crusader armies met up in Constantinople

and marched to Jerusalem together Crusaders reached Jerusalem, and after a two

month siege, Jerusalem fell▪ Crusaders killed many Muslim and Jewish inhabitants

What were the outcomes of the 1st Crusade?

2nd Crusade – 1146-1149

Turks capture Edessa in Greece and use it as a staging zone to launch future attacks

There were no decisive victories in the 2nd Crusade

3rd Crusade – 1189-1192

Turkish General Saladin practiced jihad Invaded Palestine and Jerusalem Won back the true cross and the Church of the Holy

Sepulcher Christians led by

King Richard the Lionhearted of England Philip Augustus of France Frederick Barbarossa of Germany

Ended in a truce between Saladin and Richard who couldn’t afford any more losses Turks got Jerusalem Christians got cities along the Mediterranean

Effects

For the West Unsuccessful in taking back Christian

lands Helped break down feudalism and

strengthen monarchies in Europe Increased trade in the Mediterranean

led to exchange of ideas, goods and technology (setting the stage for the Renaissance)

For East

United Muslims against a common enemy

Crusades deeply rooted in Islamic history – some historian believe that the Crusades are still continuing today

Legacy of distrust

Crusades

Massacre at Acre – Marking the Text

1. Number the paragraphs2. Circle key ideas, names of people and places, and dates.

3. Highlight or box unfamiliar words.

4. Underline the main point or other relevant information.

Recognizing Point of View

Using the Document, choose one of the following activities: Write an editorial about the Massacre at Acre from the point of view of a supporter of Saladin or a supporter of King Richard.

Create a propaganda poster from the point of view of a supporter of Saladin or a supporter of King Richard.