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The Movement of Ocean Water

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Chapter 14

CRCT Preparation


Chapter 14 CRCT Preparation

1. The diagram shows a map of ocean surface currents. Warm currents carry water from the equator. Cool currents carry water toward the equator. Hurricanes form where the ocean surface is warmest. Based on the types of surface currents and the directions they flow, where would most hurricanes commonly form?

A off the southwest coast of Africa

B off the north coast of South America

C off the north coast of Antarctica

D off the west coast of South America


2. A deep-water wave has a wavelength of 1.6 meters. Around what water depth does it become a shallow-water wave?

A 0.8 m

B 1.6 m

C 3.2 m

D 6.4 m



3. Which of the following statements describes the relative positions of Earth, the sun, and the moon when the smallest difference between high tide and low tide occurs?

A The sun and Earth were at right angles to each other relative to the moon.

B The sun and moon were at right angles to each other relative to Earth.

C The sun, moon and Earth were aligned, with the moon between the sun and Earth.

D The sun, moon, and Earth were aligned, with the Earth between the sun and moon.



4. A longshore current moves down a sandy coastline, from north to south. Developers build a long, concrete breakwater at one point along the coast. What happens to the sandy beach to the south of that breakwater?

A it builds up

B it erodes away

C it stays the same

D it accumulates trash



5. On a clear day, a tsunami suddenly hits the beach of an island in the South Pacific. What was the likely cause of the wave?

A offshore hurricane

B undersea earthquake

C continental deflection

D wind in the open ocean



6. Karla is going to search for clams and oysters during low tide. If she knows that low tide is at 3:00 P.M. today, at what time should she plan to go searching for shellfish tomorrow?

A 3:00 A.M.

B 2:10 P.M.

C 3:00 P.M.

D 3:50 P.M.




7. During which of the following situations is water likely to sink to form a deep ocean current?

A Water evaporates and salinity increases in water near Florida.

B Winds form huge waves in the open waters of the Atlantic Ocean.

C Water freezes and becomes more salty near Antarctica.

D Winds near Alaska blow cool water toward the North American coast.


8. What combination of tides is occurring when you see the full moon directly overhead?

A high tide during a neap tide

B low tide during a neap tide

C high tide during a spring tide

D low tide during a spring tide




9. In the table, which wave has the fastest wave speed?

A wave A C wave C

B wave B D wave D


10. Cold-water surface currents travel northward along the western coast of South America, while warm-water surface currents travel southward along the eastern coast. Why do these different currents travel in different directions on either side of the continent?




10. Answer - Full credit answers should include the following points:

• Global winds cause cold-water surface currents at the poles to move east. These winds also cause warm-water surface currents at the equator to move west.• The Coriolis effect causes the currents to move in a counterclockwise direction in the Southern Hemisphere near South America.• Continental deflection causes these currents to move along the coast after hitting the continent.• All these factors combine to cause a cold-water current on the western coast and a warm-water current on the eastern coast of South America.



11. Describe what happens to a wave’s energy as it travels from deep water to the shore. How does this energy affect a sandy or rocky shoreline?



11. Answer - Full-credit answers should include the following points:

• The wave’s energy travels forward through surface-water particles.• As the wave moves into shallower water, energy is transferred to the ocean floor, and the water particles slow down. This increases wave height.• Energy from breaking waves can erode sand and rocks on the shoreline.• Energy in an undertow can erode sand and rocks on the shoreline.

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crct preparation slide

relative positions of

north coast of south

north coast of antarctica

water depth

types of surface currents

southwest coast of africa