T

B

Hadronic matter

Quark-Gluon Plasma

Chiral symmetrybroken

Chiral symmetryrestored

Ear

ly u

nive

rse

A new view and on the QCD phase diagram

Recent Lattice Gauge Theory

results Quarkyonic phase &

TRIPLE POINT in HIC

Quarkyonic Phase and the QCD Phase Diagram: HIC-II

A-A collisions fixed s

x

1st principle calculations: perturbation theory pQCD LGT

, :QCDT , :QCDT

:q T

2

QCD thermodynamics in effective models

Models based on same symmetries as QCD : chiral with order parameter

center with order parameter

due to universality one expects similar critical

properties Approach based on the Schwinger - Dyson Equation Use Ads/QCD correspondence to gain information on

QCD medium properties?

( ) ( )f L f RSU N SU N qq

( )cZ N L

The existence and position of CP and transition is model and parameter dependent !!

Introducing di-quarks and their interactions with quark condensate results in CSC phase and dependently on the strength of interactions to new CP’s

3

Generic Phase diagram from effective chiral Lagrangians

1st order

Zhang et al, Kitazawa et al., Hatta, Ikeda;Fukushima et al., Ratti et al., Sasaki et al.,Blaschke et al., Hell et al., Roessner et al., ..

0qm then (Pisarski-Wilczek) O(4)/O(2) univ.; see LGT , Eijri et al 09

0qm

crossover

Asakawa-Yazaki

CP2nd order, Z(2) (Stephanov et al.)

Hatsuda et al.

Alford et al.Shuryak et al.Rajagopal et al.

B

broken

4

Probing CP with charge fluctuations

Net quark-number ,isovector

and electric charge

fluctuations

21 1 1

36 4 6Q q Iq I

P

qQ

I

2 2A A A

The CP ( ) and TCP ( ) are the only points where the baryon number and electric charge densities diverge!

, 0u dm , 0u dm A non-monotonic behaviour of charge density fluctuations are excellent probes of the CP

( , )q Q

CP

Sasaki, Friman et al. 072

|1q

Tq

nP

V V

6

Finite baryon density LGT in 2+1 f and CEP

( , ) exp( ( , ))det (det ( , )

det ( 0,

, )0 )g

MZ DU S U M

M UU

U

Fodor & Katz 04: multi-parameter rewighting F. Karsch at al. 07

B

T [MeV]

[MeV]

0.1l sm m

Det M exactly included in calculationsUse the Lee-Yang theorem to identify CPSee also: S. Ejiri 08

Det M through Taylor expansion method:Study radius of convergence and fluctuationsto identify CP; No strong evidence of CP till now

4N

LGT EOS at finite T and vanishing baryon density

7

A. Bazavov et al. hotQCD Coll. 09

2 1, 220fn m MeV 332 8

Abrupt but smooth change of energy density indicates crossover transition :Results still not free from finite size effects!

Kurtosis an excellent probe of deconfinementand chiral dynamics: A cusp-structure at for small expected from O(2) scaling

cTm

Asymptoticaly: 2B

1.

1

9

Finite Size Effects in LGT Thermodynamics

Y. Aoki et al. 09

hotQCD Coll. 07

T>0

Thermodynamics from p4fat action with is still calculated with non-physical mass spectrum;

8

8N 1.1 [ ]NM GeV

Different critical temperatures: Y. Aoki et al 09 hotQCD Coll. 07

169 3 3cT 190 5cT

Thermodynamics in LGT with Highly Improved Staggered Quarks (HISQ)

9

Tendency of shifting the transition region to lower temperatures than in previous asqtad and p4 studies on lattice !

A. Bazavov1 & P. Petreczky, HotQCD Coll. 09

8N

?cT

Novel Phase of QCD in the limit “ Quarkyonic Phase “ L. McLerran & R. Pisarski 07-09

10

cN

cN( )/c q qMN T

BN e Quarks O( ) Gluons O( ) 2cNcN

0BN 1L

L. McLerran, C. Sasaki and K.R. 09 M. Harada, C. Sasaki, S. Takemoto 09

Quarkyonic phase can persists for 3cN

“quark-yonic” :

0L 0L

0L 0L 1L

Deconfinemnet at finite number of color

11

At finite quarks destroy 1st order deconfinement phase transition to cross-over

cN

Quarkionic Phase (QP) in models with 3cN

Quarkionic

T [GeV]

3cN Quarkyonic QP

cN

M. Harada, C. Sasaki, S. Takemoto 09

Polyakov Loop extended NJL model (PNJL)L. McLerran, C. Sasaki & K.R. 09

The Quarkionic Phase can persists for , thus could be also there in QCD?

3cN

qq

2 ..F a b

Order parameter of sym.

Order parameter of chiral symmetry restoration

Probing the QCD Phase Boundary in HIC

Baryon dominant

Meson dominant

CP

Freezeout line provide lower bound of theQCD phase boundary with clear separation of baryonic and mesonic dominance at 10s GeV

Possible phase diagram of QCD with“Triple Point” and Quarkyonic Phase

L. McLerran, R. Pisarski et al.

Particle ratios in HIC from SIS to RHIC

An abrupt change in excitation

functions of particle ratios at

[GeV]

change of production

dynamics from quarkyonic

( etc.)

to partonic via hadronization

of the QGP?

A. Andronic, P. Braun-Munzinger, J. Stachel 09

10s

,N K ,K

Quarkyonic Phase and HIC:Andronic,Blaschke, Braun-Munzinger, Cleymans, Fukushima, McLerran, Oeschler, Pisarski, Redlich, Sasaki, Satz, ,StachelarXiv:0911.4806 

HBT & Freezeout volume

15

Minimum of HBT and freezeout Volume at energies whereTriple Point is expected to appear in QCD phase diagram

16

Summary Effective chiral models provide a powerful tool to study the critical

consequences of the chiral symmetry restoration and deconfinement in QCD, however

to quantify the QCD phase diagram and thermodynamics requires

the first principle LGT calculations New results from LGT constrain the critical temperature at vanishing density to be < 170 MeV

New phase diagram of QCD with Quarkyonic Phase results in Triple Point where three phases Hadronic Matter, Quarkyonic Matter, and a Quark-Gluon Plasma meet. Some properties of HIC data are consistent with existence of such Triple Point: Physics for FAIR & NICA to develope