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August 21, 2012

+Pre-Research Project

Before your first “real” research paper, you will be doing a practice research paper using sources provided by Mrs. Schardein.

Homework for Thursday: Read sources A and B

+Verbs

Definition: Verbs describe an action, occurrence, or state of being.

Types of verbs:InfinitiveActionStativeAuxiliary/Helping

+Verbs

Infinitive: A verb that has not been “activated” by a subject. Always has “to” before it.Ex: to walk, to run, to like, to be.This is the verb before it has been conjugated using a subject or tense

In Spanish it’s called the “infinitivo” and is the verb with an ar, er, or ir ending (ex: caminar, correr, gustar, estar)

+Types of Verbs

Action: Describe something that you can see someone doing.Ex: walking, running, jumping, writing, eating, playing

These are what most people think of when they are asked to name a verb.

+Types of Verbs

Stative: Describes a state, situation, or condition.Ex: be, have, know, like, own, seem

These verbs describe things that cannot be seen.

+Types of Verbs

Auxiliary/Helping: A verb used with another verb to create a tense.

23 Common Helping verbs:

IsAmAreWasWere

BeBeenBeing

HasHaveHad

DoDoesDid

ShallShould

WillWould

MayMightMust

CanCould

*Memorize these by Friday

+Verb Tenses9 Verb Tenses:Simple PresentPresent ProgressivePresent PerfectPresent Perfect ProgressiveSimple PastPast ProgressivePast PerfectFutureFuture Perfect

+Verb Tenses

Simple Present: Something is happening now or is a general fact.Ex:The students write notes.I like chocolateThere are 31 days in August

+Verb Tenses

Present Progressive: Used for an activity in progressEx:They are playing soccer.I am feeling sad.

+Verb Tenses

Present Perfect: Something started in the past, and continued up to the present.Ex:They have walked for 2 miles and just arrived.

+Verb Tenses

Present Perfect Progressive: Something started in the past, continued to the present, and will continue in the future.Ex:They have been walking for 2 hours, and still have another 3 miles to go.

+Verb Tenses

Simple Past: An action was completed in the past.Ex:We visited our grandma on Sunday.

I ate lunch an hour ago.

+Verb Tenses

Past Progressive: Action that took place over a period of time OR was interrupted by another action.Ex:They were walking for 4 days.They were walking when Jane fell down.

+Verb Tenses

Past Perfect: An action completed before another action in the past.Ex:They had walked for 4 days when they finally reached the end of the trail.

+Verb Tenses

Future: Something that hasn’t happened yet.Ex:When they go backpacking, they will walk for 4 days.

+Verb Tenses

Future Perfect: Something that hasn’t happened yet, but will be finished before a specific time..Ex:They will have walked for 4 days when I pick them up at the end of the trail on Saturday.

+Common Verb ErrorsError #1: Subject-Verb agreement

Verbs must agree in number with the subject of the sentence.Ex:

The boy likes ice cream. (singular)The boys like ice cream. (plural)

+Common Verb ErrorsError #1: Subject-Verb agreement

When the subject has two or more parts combined with AND use the plural verbEx:

Mary and I like ice cream. (plural)

+Common Verb ErrorsError #1: Subject-Verb agreement

When the subject has two or more parts combined with OR use the part of the subject that comes last.Ex:

Do you know if Mary or the boys like ice cream? (plural)

Do you know if the boys or Mary likes ice cream? (singular)

+Common Verb ErrorsError #1: Subject-Verb agreement

These words are singular: each, each one, either, neither, everyone, everybody, anybody, anyone, nobody, somebody, someone, and no one.Ex:

Everybody likes ice cream. (singular)

+Common Verb ErrorsError #2: Verb Tense Consistency

This is usually only a problem in essays.

Use past tense to narrate events and to refer to an author or an author's ideas as historical entities.Ex: When Fitzgerald wrote The Great Gatsby…

+Common Verb ErrorsError #2: Verb Tense Consistency

Use present tense to state facts, to refer to constant actions, and to discuss your own ideas or those expressed by an author in a particular work. Also use present tense to describe action in a literary work, movie, or other fictional narrative.Hester Prynne wears a scarlet A as a reminder of her adultery.