-atp petersen coil practicalexercise

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ATPDesignerATPDesigner Design and Simulation of Power NetworksDesign and Simulation of Power Networks Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel

Hochschule frTechnik und Wirtschaft

des Saarlandes

University of Applied Sciences

ATPDesigner and ATPATPDesigner and ATP

Practical ExercisesPractical Exercises

Release: V1.1 09.09.2005

Home Page:Home Page: http://people.http://people.freenetfreenet.de/.de/atpdesigneratpdesigner

EE--Mail:Mail: DrMichaelIgelDrMichaelIgel@@aolaol.com.com

EEUG Meeting 2005EEUG Meeting 2005 -- One Day EEUG CourseOne Day EEUG Course

Protection Modeling with ATP and ATPDesignerProtection Modeling with ATP and ATPDesignerSeptember 14, 2005, Warsaw, PolandSeptember 14, 2005, Warsaw, Poland


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ATPDesignerATPDesigner Design and Simulation of Power NetworksDesign and Simulation of Power Networks

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Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel


des Saarlandes

University of Applied SciencesGoal of the ExercisesGoal of the Exercises

ATPDesigner

User Friendly Graphical User Interface to ATP

Designed according Microsoft Style Guide

Designed to be Intuitive

But

It needs time to practise the handling

It needs time to learn the toolbars, menus, etc.

Therefore This exercises should support the user doing the first steps

But should also support doing some more steps

The user should get an overview about the operating concept

And at the End

The user should be able to make the next steps without help

But Nevertheless Support Hot Mail : DrMichaelIgelDrMichaelIgel@@aolaol.com.com


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University of Applied SciencesGoal of the ExercisesGoal of the Exercises

What Should Be Done from the Participants ?

Creating Default Network

Adding 20kV - Network Infeed

Adding 2x 2-Transformer 20/0.4kV Adding 2x Single-Circuit Lines

Adding Circuit Breakers with Measuring Location

Enable Fault Type

Adding 110/20kV BCTRAN Transformer

Changing Neutral-Point Connection of BCTRAN Transformer

Calculating Voltages and Currents

Analyzing Frequency Spectrum


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University of Applied SciencesDefault NetworkDefault Network

Excercise_1.NET


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University of Applied SciencesATP Data: Simulation DataATP Data: Simulation Data

Before starting the simulation it isnecessary to specify some settings,which are related to the simulationprocess.

Time

Overall Length of the CalculatedData in Cycles

Prefault

Time before a Line Fault occurs dt

Sampling Rate of the Data storedin the .PL4 File

Out

Repetition of the Test Step, relatedto CMC Test System

Step

Number of Calculation Stepsbetween two Samples stored in the.PL4 - File


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University of Applied SciencesSettings Network 1Settings Network 1

Settings

Default Settings

Name: 132kV

Vnom = 132 kVrms

Sk = 5000MVA

Excercise_2.NET


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University of Applied SciencesAdd BCTRAN TransformerAdd BCTRAN Transformer

Settings

Default Settings

Settings acc. Dialog

Click on a Line in One

of the List Boxes

Settings Copied into the

Edit Fields

Change Settings

Apply Settings

Close Dialog with OK

DYn11

Excercise_4.NET


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University of Applied SciencesAdd Grounding SystemAdd Grounding System

Adding Grounding System to the Neutral-Point of the BCTRAN Transformer

Click on Toolbar Symbol

Select Drawing Direction Down

Move Cursor to the Neutral-Point Snap Point

Release Left Cursor Button

ATPDesigner Automatically detects the Neutral-Point of the BCTRAN Transformeras 1-Phase Node

Grounding System drawn in the Color for 1-Phase Network Elements

Solid Grounded Network2-Winding Transformer, DYn11

Excercise_5.NET


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University of Applied SciencesSelect Line ModelSelect Line Model

ATPDesigner supports different Numerical Models for Single-Circuit Lines, includingDouble-Circuit Lines.

Select Single Line (RLC) = Distributed-Parameter Lines

Change Settings acc. the Figure below

This line model is important, if different neutral-point connections should by studied.


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University of Applied SciencesSelecting NodesSelecting Nodes

Start ATP to Calculate Voltages and Currents

Open Corresponding .PL4 File

Select TACS Output Signals ofPhase-to-Ground Voltages atMeasuring Location 1

(assigned to Cb1)

VAG_M1

VAG_M2

VAG_M3

Confirm with OK


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University of Applied SciencesDiagram ViewerDiagram Viewer

Enable Graphics Cursor

Set Graphics Cursor per Left

Mouse Click

Open Signal Analysis

pg11kV

U = = 6,35kV3


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University of Applied Sciences11--Phase Fault AGPhase Fault AG

Settings

Fault Type AG

Fault Location = 100%

Excercise_6.NET

Start ATP to Calculate Voltages and

Currents

Open Corresponding .PL4 File

Refresh Diagram


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University of Applied SciencesSolid Grounded NetworkSolid Grounded Network

Select Line Current IAP_M1(Left Mouse Click)

Open Tab Harmonics

Open Tab Spectrum


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University of Applied SciencesSettings of Bar ChartSettings of Bar Chart

ATPDesigner determines the MaximumFrequency, which can be calculatedbased on the DFT.

fa = Sampling Frequency

Length of a Cycle

N = Number of Samples per Cycle

df = Resolution of the Spectrum

aN = f T = 5000Hz 20ms = 100

a1 1

f = = = 5000Hzdt 0.2ms

nom

1 1T = = = 20ms

f 50Hz

1 1df = = = 50Hz

T 20ms

Select fmax = 600Hz


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University of Applied SciencesIsolated NeutralIsolated Neutral--PointPoint

Transient Process After theOccurence of the 1-Phase-to-Ground Fault AG

Signal Analysis Fundamental Frequency = 50Hz

Transient Frequency 1500Hz

Next Step Add a R-C-Impedance to Model an

Additional Residual NetworkWithout a Fault

Add 2x RLC Impedance

Add Grounding System


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University of Applied SciencesSettings of RSettings of R--CC--KombinationKombination

Resistance R

Capacitance C


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University of Applied SciencesIsolated NeutralIsolated Neutral--PointPoint

The frequency of the transient processchanges


Move the Graphics Cursor to a LaterTime e.g. 200ms

CE E nI = 3 C U

CEI = 3 (3 F + 0.5 F) 11kV

CEI = 20.95A

ICE = 22.1 A


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University of Applied SciencesPetersen CoilPetersen Coil

The fault current can be reduced at the fault location, if a Petersen coil will beconnected to the neutral-point of the transformer.

Connect a New Load Impedance to the Neutral-Point of the 132/11kV Transformer

ATPDesigner Knows that the Neutral-Point is Only a 1-Phase Node

ATPDesigner Automatically Draws the Load Impedance in the 1-Phase Color

Petersen Coil

Excercise_9.NET

DE

1 1

X = = = 303.15 Ohm3 C 3 3.5 F


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Fault Current at FundamentalFrequency 100% Compensated


What about DC-Component ?

DC-Component


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Click on the View which contains the Power Network

Open the Fault Type Dialog

Modify the Start Time of the Fault to 4ms

Re-Calculate Voltages and Currents, Refresh Diagram

Fault AG occurs now Prefault + Start Time = 2 Cycles + 4ms = 44ms


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The Start Time or Point on Wave of the Fault fixes the DC-Component which can beobserved in the fault current.

The Time Constant will be mostly caused from

the Reactance X of the Petersen Coil and

the Resistances R of the faulty line and of the infeed transformer

No DC-Component


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University of Applied SciencesEvolving Fault AGEvolving Fault AG ABCGABCG

Scenario

Evolving Fault AG ABCG

Set the Start Time of the 2nd Fault ABCG to 50ms

Excercise_10.NET


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University of Applied SciencesEvolving Fault AGEvolving Fault AG ABCGABCG

Occurence of the Fault ABCG

Prefault + Start Time = 40ms + 50ms = 90msExcercise_10.NET

Zoom In and Out

Fault AG


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University of Applied SciencesVector DiagramVector Diagram

Enable Graphics Cursor

Open Signal Analysis

Select One Signal

Open Vector Diagram

Move now the Cursor Left &

Right

See the Behaviour of theVectors !!!

H h h l f


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University of Applied SciencesImpedance CalculationImpedance Calculation

ATPDesigner is able to calculate the impedance Z = R + j X using the DFT-Algorithm.

ATPDesigner uses the MODELS interface for the coalculation.

1. Set Neutral-Point to Solid

Grounded2. Open Signal Analysis SettingsDialog

3. Enable X and R

4. Set Output Sampling Rate inthe ATP Data Dialog

dt = 1ms

Step = 19

5. Select Fault Type ABCG

Excercise_11.NET

Hochschule fr


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Line Model

Left Mouse Button Double-Click on

Line 1 to Opem the Settings Dialog

Seelct Default Settings for the Faulty

Line 1

Hochschule fr


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Time

Overall Length of the CalculatedData in Cycles

Prefault

Time before a Line Fault occurs dt

Sampling Rate of the Data storedin the .PL4 File

Out

Repetition of the Test Step, relatedto CMC Test System

Step

Number of Calculation Stepsbetween two Samples stored in the.PL4 File

Internal Sampling Rate of ATP =

= dt / Step

= 1 ms / 3

= 0,33 ms

fa internal = 3 kHz

Hochschule fr


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Some Comments about dt and Step

The required processing time of ATP increases dramatically, if dt and Step will be

increased.

In addition the calculation of R and X comsumes a tremendous part of the

processing power of the CPU. Sometimes it seems that the PC has been locked up.

The equations used for the calculation of R and X are typical for the equations

used in protection relays.

The complex vectors are calculated based on a Full Cycle DFT

Phase-to-Phase Impedances

Phase-to-Grounf Impedances

The setting kG is called Ground Compensation Factor

See more in Example: Calculation of the Fault Impedance in the Help File

ABAB AB AB

AB

VZ = R + j X =I

AG

AG AG AGAG G G

V

Z = R + j X = I + k I

G 0 1G

1 1

Z Z - Zk = =

Z 3 Z

Hochschule fr


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Technik und Wirtschaftdes Saarlandes


The calculated Impedances appearsin the left side list called

MODELS - ... .

Graphics Cursor can be also used,because its a Diagram.

Open the Diagram Settings Dialog

Transient Process Causedby the Fault Occurence

Hochschule fr


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University of Applied SciencesDiagram SettingsDiagram Settings

X/Y-Range

The Impedance of Line 1 is About 10

Ohms.

Set the Ymin/Ymax Range to

20Ohms / 20Ohms

Change the Fault Location

Recalculate Impedances !!!

-atp petersen coil practicalexercise

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