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© All rights reserved.Confidential and property of Mercy Malaysia. No part of this material shall be reproduced, copied or published in any form by any means, nor should the materials be disclosed to third parties without the consent of Mercy Malaysia
Procedure for Radio
Communication
© All rights reserved.Confidential and property of Mercy Malaysia. No part of this material shall be reproduced, copied or published in any form by any means, nor should the materials be disclosed to third parties without the consent of Mercy Malaysia
© All rights reserved.Confidential and property of Mercy Malaysia. No part of this material shall be reproduced, copied or published in any form by any means, nor should the materials be disclosed to third parties without the consent of Mercy Malaysia
Objectives
• Learn how radio works• Dispel myths about radio comms• Be able to communicate effectively
using radios, by knowing the phonetic alphabet & “pro-words”
• Learn security aspects of radio comms• Learn radio protocol while traveling
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Why is Radio Comms Important?
• It has saved lives of humanitarian workers before
• It may save your life one day
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Fact or Fiction?
• just like using handphones
• radio comm is secure (other people cannot hear you)
• you can hear the other side clearly
• many calls are ongoing at any point in time
• both sides can talk at the same time (duplex)
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The Radio
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Portable Radios
• Also Known As Handheld Radios or Walkie–Talkies
• Uses rechargeable batteries
• With High Cap NiMh battery, GP328 has only 12 hours standby time
GP328 GP360 GP380
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Motorola GP328
Channel Selector
On/Off/ Volume
Belt Clip
Charger Connection
Speaker
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Push to Talk ButtonComputer Port
Programmable Buttons
Motorola GP328
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16 Channel Selector
On/Off/ Volume LED Indicator
Antenna Mount
Buzzer
Motorola GP328
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Charger
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With Handset Battery Only
Charger
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Before anything…always ….
1. Always ensure the battery is charged
2. Check antenna is attached
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Vehicle - mounted radio unit
• “Mobile” Unit• 40w Power• Needs Antenna• Can be used in base
camp with DC-AC electricity adaptor
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How far away…
100 kmsBASE/Repeater
40W, base ant
40 kmsMOBILE
40W, car ant.
15 kmsHANDHELD
5W, car ant
3 kmsHANDHELD
5W, 20 cm ant
BASE/Repeater
40W, base antMOBILE
40W, car ant
HANDHELD
5W, car ant
HANDHELD
5W, 20 cm ant
5 kms
10 kms
20 kms
15 kms
30 kms 60 kms
Note: This is for open rural areas, assume 50% for dense urban areas
15 kms
5 kms 10 kms 20 kms
30 kms
60 kms
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Phonetic Alphabet
A B C D E F G H I Alpha
Bravo
Charlie Delta Echo Foxtrot Golf Hotel India
J K L M N O P Q R Juliet Kilo Lima Mike November Oscar Papa Quebec Romeo
S T U V W X Y Z Sierra Tango Uniform Victor Whiskey X-ray Yankee Zulu
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Numeral
0 - zero 1 - wun 2 - too 3 - three4 - fo-wer5 - fi-yiv6 - six 7 - seven8 - ate9 - niner
12 - wun too 90 - niner zero 136 - wun three six16000 - wun six thousand 19A - wun niner alfa
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Call Sign
• Consist of one or two figures or a combination of digits and letters.
• In a net, call signs are fixed and do not change.• Establish link between two or more stations on
a radio net e.g. Bravo 1, Bravo 2, Bravo 3 (3 teams).
• Figures that are being used as call signs are to be mentioned digit by digit and letter by letter.
• Quite often, letters of phonetic alphabet are adopted as call signs, e.g. Romeo this is Juliet (stands for “Razi, this is Joyah”)
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Diagrammatic Radio Net
Mike Bravo
1
Mike Bravo
2
Mike Bravo
3
Mike Bravo
4
MERCYBASE CAMP
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The 4 Principles
• Clarity
• Brevity
• Security
• Simplicity
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Radio Conversation
A. Mike-Charlie Zero, Mike-Charlie Zero this is Mike Charlie One do you READ me OVER
B. Mike Charlie Zero, READING you LOUD and CLEAR OVER
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Radio Conversation
A: Bravo Charlie 2, Bravo Charlie 2, this is Bravo Charlie 1 what is your estimated arriving time – OVER.
B: Bravo Charlie 2, estimated arrival is 1300 HOURS – OVER.
A: Bravo Charlie 1, ROGER – OUT.
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Procedure Words (Prowords) PRO WORD MEANING
Acknowledge Confirm that you have received my message and will comply
Correct Yes
Negative No/Incorrect
WILCO I have received your message, understand it and will comply.
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All after Everything that you transmitted after ….
All before Everything that you transmitted before ..
Correction The correct version is ….
Wrong Your last transmission was incorrect. The correct version is ……
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I spell I shall spell the next word, group or equivalent phonetically.
Figures Numerals or numbers will follow.
Over • I have finished my turn• A response is expected• Go ahead, transmit
Out • I have finished my transmission
• No reply is expected• Over and Out are NEVER used
together
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Out to you I have nothing more for you, do not reply, I shall now call another station on the net.
Roger I have received your last transmission satisfactorily.
I Say Again I am repeating my transmission or portion indicated.
Say again Repeat all of your last transmission
Followed by ALL AFTER, ALL BEFORE, WORD AFTER, etc
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Break – Break – Break!
All station will immediately cease transmission on hearing the Pro Word. The station BREAK-ing has urgent life-saving message. Only to be used in EXTREME emergency.
Wait
(Wait wait)
I must pause for a few seconds.
Wait - Out I must pause for more than a few seconds, and will call you again when ready.
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Basic RulesDiscipline listen before transmitting
Brevity be brief and straight to the point
Rhythm use short complete phrases that make sense
Speed not too fast, not too slow
Volume don’t shout
Preparation plan what to say
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Transmitting
• Check that network is free (no else transmitting at the same time!)
• Identify yourself
• Speak clearly, be brief, but precise
• Avoid excessive calling and unofficial voice procedure
• If your message is long, divide it into sensible phrases
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• Assign call signs for users and locations as actual names
• Locations are not recommended to be disclosed over the radio
• Only ENGLISH can be used on UN networks
Transmitting
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• Hold the transmission button about half a second before speaking as the first ward may not be transmitted.
• Hold the microphone at about 5cm from lips while speaking. Shield the microphone from background noises.
Transmitting
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• Users may choose to switch to another channel for conversation.
• Bear in mind the conversation may still be heard by others.
Transmitting
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Radio Check
• with the base office when you are reaching your destination
• may be carried out more often if you are not sure of the coverage as you travel
• in tight security situation, after leaving the base office, reaching the destination and also on the way back.
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LOUD Your signal is strong
GOOD Your signal is good
WEAK I can hear you but with difficulty
VERY WEAK I can hear you but with great difficulty
NOTHING HEARD
I cannot hear you at all
Signal Strength
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Readability
CLEAR Excellent quality
READABLE Good quality, no difficulty in reading you
DISTORTED I have problems reading you
WITH INTERFEARANCE
I have problems reading you due to interference
NOT READABLE I can hear that you are transmitting but cannot read you at all
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One-to-one Radio Check
E.g.:• Delta Two this is Delta One (team
leader) - Radio Check - Over• Delta Two - Loud and clear - Over• Delta One - Loud and clear – Out
(team leader to complete radio check by 0700hrs everyday with HQ staff)
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Network Radio Check
E.g. :
• All station this is Delta One (team leader) - Radio Check - Over
• Delta Two - Loud and Clear - Over
• Delta Three - Loud and Clear - Over
• All station. This is Delta One - Loud and Clear - Out
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Radio Transmission Security
• Not a secure means of communication
- can be listened to by practically
EVERYONE!
• No military information
• In any situation, when hearing an “EMERGENCY” or “SECURITY” call, stop transmitting immediately and listen.
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Radio Security
• Remember, radio channels are open – ANYONE can listen in
• Use code words when transmitting :
– Location
– Events
– Arrivals / Departures
– Routes
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Calling station and Replying
Don’t give information to calls from any unknown station.
E.g. :– “Hotel-Mike-One, do you copy?
Over.”– “Unknown station, this is Hotel Mike
One - identify yourself – over….”
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Protocol While Traveling
• Check security situation with UNDSS & local contacts
• Recheck morning of departure• Establish route to destination & back• Draft schedule and try to stick to
timetable• Contact base camp at scheduled
intervals & after passing major landmarks & upon arrival
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Pro-Words - EMERGENCY• Break! Break!
Break!
• Emergency! Emergency! Emergency!
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“Emergency! Emergency! Emergency! Hotel-Kilo, Hotel-Kilo, Hotel-Kilo, this is Hotel-Mike, Hotel-Mike. Do you copy ? Over!.”
• Any Station hearing an “EMERGENCY” call, should immediately stop transmitting and listen.
Emergency Call for help
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Remember
• Your handset must be ON to work!
• Don’t forget to charge your batteries
• Your radio can be your “best friend” in an emergency - don’t lose it!
• After end of activities/mission, handover to the person in charged
• Keep a logbook (log in / log out)
• Ensure safety of radio
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Questions & Answers
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Practical Exercises
Radio Familiarization Session