UNIT FIFTEENORGANIC CHEMISTRY

ALKENES, ALKYNES,

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS AND

ALCOHOLS

ALKENES AND ALKYNES Alkenes – hydrocarbons containing at least one

double bond between carbon atoms

Alkynes – hydrocarbons containing at least one triple bond between carbon atoms

Unsaturated hydrocarbons – they are not loaded to capacity with hydrogens (alkenes and alkynes)

Alkenes formula: CnH2n

Alkynes formula: CnH2n-2

ALKENES AND ALKYNES Ethyne (C2H2) is emitted by ripening

bananas to send a message to the other bananas to ripen.

Ethylene (C2H4) is used to ripen fruit.

Why do we put fruit in a paper bag to ripen fruit?

How do shippers keep fruit from ripening too soon?

NAMING ALKENES AND ALKYNES

Base chain is the longest chain containing the double or triple bond

The base ending is –ene for an alkene and –yne for an alkyne

Base chain is numbered to give the double or triple bond the lowest possible number

A number indicating the location of the double or triple bond is inserted before the base name

PRACTICE NAMING

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS A characteristic atom or group of atoms

A group of organic compounds with the same functional group forms a family

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

ALCOHOLS Organic compounds containing the ―OH functional

group

General formula is R-OH

Naming: Base chain is the longest chain containing the ―OH

functional group

Base name ends with ―ol

Base chain is numbered to give the ―OH the lowest possible number

A number indicating the position of the ―OH group is inserted before the base name

PRACTICE NAMING