a small circle above the letter. it is used to signify the absence of a vowel, for example: بنْت...
TRANSCRIPT
Vowels, Diphthongs, NunationStress, Abbreviations and
Alphabet as Numbers.
Vowels
There are 6 vowels
The three long vowel sounds in Arabic
represented by three letters:
..
3 Long vowels
The three short vowel sounds in Arabic are represented using symbols .
3 short vowels
Small diagonal stroke above the
consonant.
It is natural a
vowel sound e.g. nun , woman
Small diagonal stroke below the
consonant.Similar to the sound of the
middle of word
did
above the letter واوWritten like a miniature
And pronounced like the u in bull.
A small circle above the letter.It is used to signify the absence of
a vowel, for example:
كن بن NOTتوE
Short vowels can be lengthened by adding a long vowel to them:
كات�بكتب
how many long syllables and short syllables are in each of the following words
ح�د�يق�ة
�شج�ار أ
ود و�ر�
Diphthongs
A diphthong is a combination of two vowel sound occurring next to each other within the same syllable.
2 Diphthongs in Arabic
ayبيت
aw
يوم
Nunation
-Nutation is found at the end of nouns and adjectives when
They are indefinite.. جميلة� : فتاة� مثال
-It is indicated using a doubled vowel sign.
Sound Un
Sound in
Sound an
NOTE
When the fatha is doubled, the letter alif is add except for four cases:
جميلة ) - و حمزة و فاطمة المربوطة بالتاء الكلمة تنتهي)
-) عصاوفتى ) مقصورة أو بألفقائمة الكلمة تنتهيمبتدأ ) (- قطع بهمزة الكلمة تنتهيبألف - مسبوقة السطر على بهمزة الكلمة تنتهي
فناء ) ( و سماء ممدودة
Stress
The Arabic language is a language of syllable length
NOT stress.
While reading Arabic all syllables should be given their full length, but no effort should be made to emphasize any syllable at the expense of the other. The result will sound as if some syllable are stronger than others, but this is because of their length .
Abbreviations
As in English language, some abbreviations
are used in the Arabic language such as:
Abbreviation in English
Abbreviation in Arabic
Full word
m م متر
kg كغ كيلوغرام
cm سم سنتيمتر
The AlphabetAs numbers
The letters of the Arabic alphabet are sometimes used for
numbering. The order followed is found in the following line :
Roman Numerals
the Roman numbers have different shapes, and also have
different ways to calculation and knowing a certain number
1 I
5 V
10 X
The main numbers
English numbers
Roman numbers
We can find the rest of numbers by adding and subtracting the main numbers with
each others
1+1 I+I 2= = II
And the same way with number
3
But from number 4 until number 8, there are two different ways to knowing them:
IV1 -if the number I in the left side of number V that means
subtract number one from number five, and the total is number four .
_
2 -if the number I in the right side of number V that means add number one to number five, and the total is number six .
VI+
We use the same ways with the numbers from 9 until 12 , but we will replace number V with number X ( because the English numbers are increasing and also the roman numbers will be increased )
=9_IX XI
+
=11
The Roman numbers