How Big is the Uni-verse?

박영동 교수

The Eartha planet( 행성 )

The EarthA planet

Mass: 5.9736 × 1024  kg( 태양의 0.00030%)Mean radius: 6,371.0 km

Compound FormulaComposition

Continen-tal

Oceanic

silica SiO2 60.2% 48.6%

alumina Al2O3 15.2% 16.5%

lime CaO 5.5% 12.3%

magnesia MgO 3.1% 6.8%

iron(II) oxide FeO 3.8% 6.2%

sodium oxide Na2O 3.0% 2.6%

potassium oxide K2O 2.8% 0.4%

iron(III) oxide Fe2O3 2.5% 2.3%

water H2O 1.4% 1.1%

carbon dioxide CO2 1.2% 1.4%

titanium dioxide TiO2 0.7% 1.4%

phosphorus pen-toxide

P2O5 0.2% 0.3%

Total 99.6% 99.9%

Chemical composition of the crust

The Solar System태양 , 수성 , 금성 , 지구 , 화성 , ( 세레스 ), 목성 , 토성 , 천왕성 , 해왕성 , ( 명왕성 )

Astronomical UnitsDistance

Distance1 AU = 149,597,870.700 ± 0.003 km

≈ 8.317 light minutes ≈ 499 light-seconds

( 지구에서 태양까지의 거리 )1 light-second ≈ 0.002 AU1 light-year = 9.461×1015 m≈ 63,241 AU 1 parsec = 30.857×1015 m ≈ 206,265 AU

The Solar SystemStructure

The four gas giants against the Sun: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (Sizes to scale, distances not to scale)

The Suna Star Mass: 1.9891×1030 kg ( 지구의 332,900 배 )

태양계 전체 질량의 99.86%

Volume: 1.412×1018 km3 ( 지구의 1,300,000 배 )

composition (by mass) Hydrogen 73.46%Helium 24.85% Oxygen 0.77% Carbon 0.29% Iron 0.16% Sulfur 0.12% Neon 0.12% Nitrogen 0.09% Silicon 0.07% Magnesium 0.05%

태양 자기장의 영향

The Milky Way(우리은하 )Diameter 100,000 ly

Thickness 12,000 ly(gas)

1,000 ly(stars)

Number of stars

200 to 400 bil-lion

Oldest star 13.2 billion yrs

Mass 5.8×1011 M☉

Sun's distance to galactic center

26,000 ± 1400 ly

Sun's galactic rotation pe-riod

220 million yrs (negative rota-tion)

Spiral pattern rotation pe-riod

50 million years

Bar pattern rotation pe-riod

15 to 18 million yrs

Speed relative to the universe

590 km/s

http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/0001/milkyway_cobe_big.jpg

The Universe within 5 million Light YearsThe Local Group of Galaxies(국부은하군 )

Andromeda Galaxy

Within 100 million Light Years: The Virgo Supercluster(처녀자리은하단 )

The Universe within 1 billion Light YearsThe Neighbouring Superclusters

Within 14 billion Light YearsThe Visible Universe

The Size of the observable Universe

Diameter ~ 28 billion parsecs (about 93 billion light-years). Volume ~ 3×1080 m3.

Stars 3~7 × 1022 stars.Galaxies: ~ 80×109 galaxies.

Density 9.9×10−27 kg/m3 (5.9 H atoms/m3 in en-ergy).Atoms ~ 1080 atoms.(4.6% 만 원자의 형태 )