a biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. 

TUNDRA

 , is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces and larches.

part of the terrestrial surface of the globe where little rain falls and in which few plants or animals are able to exist. 

BOREAL FOREST AND DESERT

a particular variety of subtropical climate

ecosystems considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome by ecologists.

MEDITERRANEAN AND PRAIRIES

Savanna: a grassland ecosystem characterized by the trees being suffi ciently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. 

Tropical Rainforest: an ecosystem type that occurs roughly within the latitudes 28 degrees north or south of the equator (in the equatorial zone between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn)

HILLS

is a large landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the form of a peak

MOUNTAIN

elongated lowland between ranges of mountains, hills

often as a river or stream running along the bottom

VALLEY

an area of relatively level high ground.

PLATEAU

a deep ravine between cliff s often carved from the landscape by a river

CANYON

a large area of flat land with few trees.

PLAIN

• Mesa: tableland, an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. It takes its name from its characteristic table-top shape.

Volcano: an opening, or rupture, in the surface or crust of the Earth or a planetary mass object, which allows hot lava, volcanic ash and gases to escape from the magma chamber below the surface.

Cliff: a vertical, or near vertical, rock exposure

• Butte: a conspicuous isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top

 piece of land that is bordered by water on three sides

PENINSULA

any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water.

ISLAND

A point or head of land projecting into a body of water.

 consisting of the outline of a path of relatively shallow and narrow body of fl uid, most commonly the confi ne of a river, river delta or strait.

CAPE AND CHANNEL

 A narrow channel joining two larger bodies of water.

 a landform that is formed at the mouth of a river, where the river flows into an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, or reservoir.

Isthmus: a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas, usually with water on either side.

 River: natural watercourse,

usually freshwater, fl owing towards an ocean, a lake, a sea, or another river. 

Glacier: a persistent body of dense ice constantly moving under its own gravity

Bay : a large body of water connected to an ocean or sea formed by an inlet of land due to the surrounding land blocking some waves and often reducing winds.

 a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water by barrier islands or reefs.

•  Lake: a body of relatively still water of considerable size, localized in a basin, that is surrounded by land apart from a river, stream, or other form of moving water that serves to feed or drain the lake.

Gulf: a large bay that is an arm of an ocean or sea.