1

2008

1

On occasion of the 10th anniversary of the founding of the Geology and Geophysics Chair,

Petrozavodsk State University

10-

Russian Academy of Science Earth Sciences Section Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre, RAS RAS Science Board on Physics of the Earth Russian Foundation for Basic Research Institute of Geophysics, NAS, Ukraine

Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology, RF

Directorate for the Use of Mineral Resources of the RK Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Petrozavodsk State University

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SURFACE AND DEEP STRUCTURES OF THE EARTHS CRUST

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

2731 October, 2008

P a r t 1

PETROZAVODSK

27-31 2008

1

UDK 551.1/.4(1-924.14/16) (063) RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SURFACE AND DEEP STRUCTURES OF THE EARTHS CRUST. PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. PETROZAVODSK: KARELIAN RESEARCH CENTRE, RAS. 1 part. 2008. P. 331

The volume contains papers presented at the International Conference Relationship between the surface and deep structures of the Earths crust. It is an annual conference on modern geodynamics and endogenous and exogenous processes held by the scientific community of Russia and neighbouring countries. The papers cover a wide range of problems: relationship between the surface and deep structures of the Earths crust and upper mantle; processes in the crust and in the upper mantle, the condition and composition of the Earths geospheres; large-scale lithospheric heterogeneities of Eurasian regions, as shown by geophysical data; magmatism, metallogeny and some petrophysical problems; modern geological and geophysical processes, seismicity, with examples from some regions; tectonics, deep structure, paleo- and modern geodynamics; the evolution of the Earths crust and the mineralogenic potential of the Euro-Arctic region. The volume is expected to be of interest for experts in geology and geophysics experts, teachers, postgraduates and university students. The Conference and publishing of the Proceedings are supported by the RFBR (grant 08-05-06102) and the Earth Sciences Section, RAS. The authors versions of the papers are published without any corrections.

E D I T O R I A l B O A R D :

N.V. SHAROV, V.V. SHCHIPTSOV, Yu.K. SHCHUKIN, .V. PERVUNINA, N.. YABLOKOVA, G.N. SOKOLOV

551.1/.4(1-924.14/16) (063) . . : . 1 . 2008. . 331 , . , . : ; , ; ; , ; , ; , , - ; - . , , . ( 08-05-06102) . .

:

.. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. ISBN 978-5-9274-0331-8

, 2008 , 2008

SUBJECTS TO BE DISCUSSED: SECTION 1. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SURFACE AND DEEP STRUCTURES OF

THE EARTHS CRUST AND THE UPPER MANTLE SECTION 2. PROCESSES IN THE CRUST AND IN THE UPPER MANTLE, THE

CONDITION AND COMPOSITION OF THE EARTHS GEOSPHERES SECTION 3. LARGE-SCALE LITHOSPHERIC HETEROGENEITIES OF EURASIAN

REGIONS, AS SHOWN BY GEOPHYSICAL DATA SECTION 4. MAGMATISM, METALLOGENY AND SOME PETROPHYSICAL PROBLEMS SECTION 5. MODERN GEOLOGICAL, GEOCHEMICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL

PROCESSES. REGIONAL PATTERN OF SEISMICITY SECTION 6. EVOLUTION OF THE EARTHS CRUST AND THE MINERALOGENIC

POTENTIAL OF THE EURO-ARCTIC REGION

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. 2.

35

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- . , . - Ce Eu, , . , - , , 20-40 . [30]. - , . Sm/Nd (0.181-0.297) Nd(0) +0.02 +7.7 , (Sm/Nd = 0.05-0.12 Nd(0) -5.3 -6.5) , - . , - .

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53

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, , GPS- E.Calais et al. [2006] Wayne Thatcher [2007].

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, , [8] - - ( 50 200 ) . (150-200 ) -- . (250-500 ) - - - . - , [2] - - . - - (, -) . , 150-200 , , . - - - .

- . . . - 125 - - , . . . : ( - 2-5 37,5-42,-5 ) - , - (Vp=7,10-7,20 / 7,0 /, Vp/Vs=1,78-1,82 1,7 ), ( ) - -, . - -, - , -, . - - . , ( ) - . , ( - . . ) . - . . [4, 6, 7] - .

- .

71

1. .. , - . .52-54. . II , 2-4 2007. -, , 2007.

2. .., .., .. -- . // , 2002, 386, 5, . 651-655.

3. ..,.- . .: . ., , 1978.

4. .., .., .. -- . // . 2005. 1. 55-70.

5. - .., .. - . . II , 2-4 2007. , , 2007.. . 201-205.

6. .. -- / . 2001. . 270-277.

7. .. - - . - . . ., 2004.

8. . // - 27- (), .08, . 8. . 1984. 94-111.

-

..

, . , buamama@yandex.ru

- . - - , , - ( ) -. [1] 1985 ., - . - .

[1] 4- - , - [2], ( - -):

1). , , [1] - . , , 814 , . (Q4), (Q3), (Q2) (Q1) , (N31) (N21) .

, ., - . . - . - -. , , , . N12,

72

. , , -, ( 900) . .

[2] [1]

73

, , , - .

: 2). .

- , .

. :

3). . . - .

4). - , . - - , , .

, , , - , , - , .

1. .., .. -- // . . 1985. .33. . C.69-86.

2. . .: , 1999. .63.

..1, ..2 1 , .

2 , . .obm@igig.org.by

, , , - . - , , , - -- . -- . - .

- - - - deklinatio . - , - , .. : . - , , - - - .

, , - , .

1. - - . , , -, (, ..), .

74

2. , - .

3. , , , .

4. , , , , - , , - , , , Fe-Mn-Ti- , .

, . - .

- - - . .

1. . -: Ni, Co, Ti, Zr, Cr, Y - ; V, Ti, Cr, Cu, Y . - Cu, Co, V, Pb. Cu V . . - . , , V, Ni, Co, Mn, Pb, Ti, Cu, Sr, Zr. - , - .

2. Fe-Mn-Ti , - Y (), Cu, Cr, Ti, V ( ), Ni ( ), Mn (-), V, Cr, Mn. Pb, Cu, Be, Zr, Yb. - . 3 . - ( ) , . -. , V, Ni, Cu, Cr , , Ti, Al, Mn. - .

3. - Ni V , Mn , Mn, Ba, Cu - -, Ti , Cr , Ye, Y .

4. Cu -, Ni, Mn , Zr , , . Cu Pb. ( - .). , - (Cu, V, Zr, Ti .) - - .

5. . Y, Ba, Cu , Cr , Ya . Yb, Ti, Zr, Pb, P. - . - Co, Ni, Ba, B, Ti, Sr, Mn, - . - . ( Ti Zr ).

75

6. Zr, Ti . V , Cu , Y . - Pb, Ti, Zr, Yb. , - Ti, Zr, Pb - .

- - , - -- . - - . - - , , , - . , , -. , , - .

- - () (T) (S)

76

- - . , - , - . - , - ( , ) - . - , () - - , .

- - - , , - . ( ) , , , - . . - --- - - . , , -. , -- - , , , , , , .

( ), , -- , - - - - - . - -. . - - - , , , , .

- , , - . - .

. - , , . - , - - . - - - . - - - -.

. . .. , . ,

P- 850 , - , .. [1]. - - International Seismological Centre (ISC) 1964 2002 . -

77

50850 25 - 850 1 1-d - , .

50 850 25 850 1 - 1-d , - . =V.V.0, =V.V.0.

- -, - - . - , - 250-300 600-700 . - 100-150 - , - , ( - - - ), , - - , (.1), . - , - .

.1. 3-d P- 100

. , , - - - 150 - - - .

- - - . - 50-350 50-100 - 350650 400 600 . - 100 , 200 , 500 , 700 .

- - - , - - . 85 - . 300 -, - . - 200 4.5 (- 32.. (.2)).

78

.2. 3-d P-

: -, . [2], ( - ). (.3, 4) , (450-550 ) 4.5 - - .

- - ( ) -- 350 , - (.2). 27.. (.2) - - , - 350-400 700 [3], - .

79

.3. 3-d P-

.4. 3-d P-

80

, 36.. (.4) - ( 50-100 ) - ( ), 250-350 , - 300-650 .

3.. (.3) - ( 180-380 ) . - , ( ) - 450-600 . ( 600 ) .

, -, -. , , - - .

1. ..,. // . . 1997. 19, 3. .48-68.

2. .., .. . .:,2005, 560 . 3. .., .., .., .., .. 3-D -

(- - ) // .. 2005. 27, 6 .927-939.

.., .. . .. , . , , kulik@ndc.org.ua

- , - . () - , - (), - , , - .

80- 20 [1] , , , , - . 21 , [2,3] - [4] , [5] [6] . , - .

, - - - , (. 1-4).

( 50 ) 1.5 =10 -: - -, ~ 60 60 2 , - -, ~ 30 75 2 (. 1).

. - . - 300 .. 30 480 500 .. - : , - , . : 3 , 12 , =10 (. 2).

15 30 15 , ~ 50 . (. 4).

81

. 1.

50 1,5 : , , , , . : . ( ): 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 -

. 2.

3 6

82

. 4.

15 30

. 3.

6 15

83

-- - . 6 15 100 =10 , - 15 (. 3).

15 30 - - (. 4). - =5 - - 1000 . - , =20 , - -, - .

- 3-6 - (. 2), - 10 .

- - - 15 30 (. 4). =30 .

- (. 5). - 50-70 =25-30 . : 500 .., 310 320 .., -, 480 .. 260 .. 90-100 .

. . . , , - ( , ) , .

[7,8] 50 - - . , - , . , [9,10]. - . - . - , , 50-160 . , , - , , [9,10].

- 125 - .

, - , -. , .

. - - ( 50 =1100-12000 ) - [11].

. 5.

70 . 1 (=25 )

-

84

1. .., .., .., .., .. . : H. , 1985. 203 .

2. Ingerov A.I., Rokityansky I.I., Tregubenko V.I. Forty years of MTS studies in the Ukraine // Earth Planets Space. 1999. 51. . 1127-1133.

3. Baysorovich M.M., Tregubenko V.Iv., Nasad A.G. Geoelectric heterogeneities of Ukraine`s lithosphere // . .1998. . 2. 1. . 23-35.

5. .., .., .., .. - . .: . 2001. 227 .

6. Mackie R.L., Smith J.T. and Madden T.R. Three dimensional electromagnetic modeling using finite difference equations: the magnetotelluric example // Radio Science.1994. 29. . 923-935.

7. .., .., .., .., .. - // . . 2006. . 28. 1. . 3-16.

8. .., .., .., .., .. 3-D (- - ) // . . 2005. . 27. 6. .3-32.

9. .. // / . .. .. . 2002. . 215-218.

10. .., .. - - // . 2003. . 25. 5/6.

11. .. - - // . 4 (10). 1999.

.., .., .. -

, . -, labmgm@yandex.ru, palvas@mail.ru

, , , , , - -.

: T1f , -,

[1]. =0,003 , 333f = =0,03 3,33f = . - - . , -

: 2a

cf 31 = , 3 . -

=1 , 10 , 25 , 100 , 200 , 500 3=3000 , f1=1500 , 150 , 60 , 15 , 7,5 , 3 . -

:

0z

pz

pc1

xp

2

2

2

2

23

2

2=

+

(1)

, x, z . ,

eur

tur

; 3 - , t [2].

(1) :

...2,1n,anxsin)t,z(p)t,z,x(p n =

= (2)

(2) (1) n(z, t)

0pan

tp

c1

zp

n

2

2n

2

23

2n

2=

(3)

85

z=0 pn(t, z=0) : [ ][ ]

==T,OtOT,Ot,p

)0z,t(p 0n (4)

(3) (4) :

+

= we)w,z(p)z,t(p iwtnn (5)

+

= te)z,t(p21)w,z(p iwtnn

(5), (3) pn(z, w)

0)w,z(pan

cw

z)w,z(p

n

2

23

2

2n

2=

+

(6)

(4) :

2Tiw

0n e2Tw2TwsinTp)0z,t(p

== (7)

(6) (7)

zan

cwee

2Tw2TwsinI)w,z(p

2

23

2i2

Tiw0n

= +

(8)

: I0=p0T w f: w=2 f, (8).

2

23

22izfTi

0n an

cf4ee

fTfTsinI)w,z(p

= (9)

(9) fwn. c w0

86

-. (9) -:

,ff

1cV2

2*

3 = nac

f 3* = (13)

f>f* Vc3, f>f* V

87

(1) dp)bp2a(VdV

0= , ,

dVdpV

ddpkS =

= , :

bp2a1

dVdpVk 0S

== (2)

(2) a b . a b, - , . (2) :

S

0

k1bp2a

= . (3)

, (3) , p kS , a b. (2) - . , . z1= 2893 , 1= (z1) = 9.9 /3, p1= p(z1) = 0.13721012 , k1= kS(z1)=0.64731012 ; , , . z2= 6371 , 2= (z2) = 13.36 /3, p2= p(z2) = 0.36211012 . :

( )+

=131vk 2 2P22 , (4)

; vP2 , 11.2 /. : = 0.40.

k2= 1.25411012 . a b 0.169910-11 -1 0.172210-23 -2, - , [4].

, . z1= 5197 , 1= (z1) = 13.12 /3, p1= p(z1) = 3.3151011 , k1= kS(z1)= 1.141012 . , (4) - . = 0.37. - , , , , . k2, a b 1.2151012 , 0.971710-12 -1 0.672210-24 -2.

, (z) p(z) [1] kS(z). - = 0.40 = 0.37 , kS(z) .

. - vS:

== S2S

2P

kv

34v)z( ,

=Sv = )kv(43

S2P 0. (5)

kS(z) (z) . 1.

. 1. k

88

(5) , (z) kS(z) (z) - vP(z), , , . , , 6.6 108 , 3.0 1011 . , , .

, , 1.336 1.505 . , ,

, . . , , f.

- [5]:

tu

zu2

2

= && , (6)

u ; . uw &= . (6) :

tw

zw2

2

= . (7)

z t (7) [5]: )t/z(i/z

0 eeww= , (8)

=

2 ; =2f; .

(8) , , e . (8) :

)tz2(i/z0 eeww

= . (9) (8) (9), :

=

=

=

=v

f21v

2Tv

2,

v z; T .

=2v . , -

, , ,

=v , , = 2 , ..

. , , ,

, .

.t

)t(uln

.

=2

. =2 /,

1 . , , . , . -

=

4, . 2.

, . , , - . , , . , . , -

89

, , , - ~3.0 , .

, , - - . D - .

, , , - - , , , - . , .

1. .. // // 2006, 7. . 76-88.

2. .. // , 2004, 6. . 24-41. 3. Dziewonsky A. M., Anderson D. Preliminary reference Earth model // Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interior. 1981. V. 25.

P. 297-356. 4. . . .: . , 1963. . 46-78. 5. .., .. .: . 1988. 736 .

()

.. 1, . 2 , ..3 1 , . , alex@gelendzhik.ws

2 . , fomenco@ymg.ru 3 . , gulenko@fpm.kubsu.ru

- . - , , , , .

- , -, , , .

91 , - ( 8) [1]. , - - - . - [2].

[3]. , , , - - , , [4].

1 ,

,

. 2.

90

1 2

3 4

. 1. 3- , 2005-2007 .

91

. 2. , 2001-2004 .

, . , - [5] , - .

- 01 : ; ; , . QPS (. ), -

[6], - PS- , , .

, P-, -, PS-, P-. PS- ( ) P- ( ), ( ) , , , PS-.

QPS , - .

.

, - - - , . . - . -. , .

92

3- - . 1 - - .. - .

[4] . 2. ( -). , - , .

- : - -.

2005-2007 . . - 2001-2004 . - - [7].

1. 2002-2010 . 25.09.2001 690. 2. , 35445 29.10.2003 . : .., .., -

.., ..,, .. 3. - -

- / . . . . . . ./ / ; , 2000. .

4. .. ( -- ): / ; -, 2000. .

5. ( 11 1993 N 444, .. - N 46 17.06.93 . .

6. -. , , 1998 .

7. - 04.05.2005 10 [550.83.015(470.62+470.67)+ (553.981.2+550.845)470.62/67](262.5) . 1-05-73/4 2007 . . ..

-

..

, . , vetrin@geoksc.apatity.ru

50 - , . [1-3] - - . - , - [3, 4]. - , ~40 - 30 - , 62 . - 40-44 36-38 - . ( - ) 10-12 , - >20 .

93

, - -. 5 20 , , . - , - . ( - ) (3-15 ), , - - (, , , - ), , , .

, 12262 . , 11662 , 3 9360-12066 , 7000-12262 9653-11882 , [3, 4]. - 6842 - , , , , - . 5 , - 2 , - - (~45%) (~20%), , -, . 30% - , ~5% . - - - - -, - -, , . () -, () -- - . 2950-2850 . , 2740 . -, -Si 2225 . , 1766 . [4, 5].

- - - - - - , , , -, - (-) -- , - . - - - - -, ( ), - ( , ; .,). - () -. -, , - , , . - , - - , . UPb - 2.8-2.84 . , 2.7 . . (~2.5 . ), - 2.7-2.5 . . . , - - , , -- , -. -- , - , -, , 6842-12262 .

- , , , - . - - - -- -

94

, , TiO2, . - - , 15 . , . , 2770-2790 . , 2830-2840 . - . , F/Cl . - 3He/4He, - . 3He 100%, 4He 0,5%, , , 1%.

(Grt+Cpx+PlOpxQtzKfsPhlHbl, ~750C, P=12-15 ), (Cpx+PlGrtpxHblQtz), 380-360 . . 2 : . (2,95-2,7 . ) - , . 2,8 . --- , ~2,75 . , - U Th. (2,5-2,4 . ) - , , -. Sm-Nd , 8% 99%. - 284411 . , - . (278835 . ) , , U (65-93 ppm) Th/U (0,33-0,43) . "" - , , - , . - , - . , - 273726 . , U (112-332 ppm) Th (84-399 ppm). , . - , - Eu- , , - . , - , . - -. -- , , , , 0,2-0,4 . 183123 139221 . . - 1650-1800 . , - =3.1. 175030 . , , -, , - 1,85-1,76 . . (, Ce/Ce*=9-57 Eu/Eu*=0,3-0,8), . (Lu/Gd)n -

95

0,2-9, , - . (35-40), , . - 32613 . 2613 . - .

-, . , , - . , , 7-8% 15-20%, , --- 2,4-2,5 . . ( , , , ) - - . , - - , - 87Sr/86Sr 143Nd/144Nd , , 0.70445 0.711126 0.51216 0.51226. - 3He - 4He/3He (3.104). , 3He. , - 2%, 97,95% 0,05% [6].

07-05-00100, 4 .

1. .. . : . 1993. 145 . 2. -.. : . . , 2005. 318 c. 3. .., .., .. ( -