Иллюстрированная хрестоматия по дизайну / illustrated anthology...
DESCRIPTION
"Иллюстрированная хрестоматия по дизайну" — Электронное пособие по дизайну и архитектуре. 'Illustrated Anthology of design" - e-Guide to design and architecture.TRANSCRIPT
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—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— 9 .<-=0660 630%A 9 %#1#?0 1990-B C-5-9 «6-90467-$» -2/06490%%-$ 3-50?! %# «2&<I&#"%&>». P30%# -2/06490%%-C- 64<-+ 9 4-4 3-30%4 6-9.#?# 6- 630%-$ .--7-?0%!$ 9%&4<! <-66!$67-C- 5!"#$%#. *-?@D!%649- 40-<04!7-9 ! .<#74!7-9 (7-4-<AB ! 5- 4-C- <0#?@%- %0 2A?- 3%-C-), #74!9%- <#2-4#9D!B 9 1960—80-0 C-5A ! 6-"5#9D!B .-6?09-0%%A$ 5!-"#$%, -4-D?- -4 #74!9%-$ .<#74!7!, ! %0 4-?@7- 9 6!?& 9-"<#64#. P0<@0"%A3 Q#74-<-3 -7#"#?6+ <#"<A9 30I5& 9A6-7!3 &<-9%03 <-66!$67-$ 5!"#$%0<67-$ 40-<!! ! .<!3!4!9!"3-3 5!"#$%0<67-$ .<#74!7!, 304#9D0$6+ 30I5& %!"7!3! .<-!"9-56490%%A3! 40B%--?-C!+3! ! 5<03&1!3! 7&?@4&<%A3! .<!4+"#%!+3!. (0$649&>/!3 64#%-9!?-6@ .-7-?0%!0, 9!5+/00 9 5!"#$%0 .<-Q066!-%#?@%-0 <0306?-, !%64<&30%4 6-26490%%-C- I!"%0%%-C- &6.0B#, %- 1#64- %0 2-?00 4-C-. X4- 3-?-5-0 .-7-?0%!0 %0 2A?- -"#2-10%- &36-49-9#%!+3!, 40-<04!"!<-9#%!03 ! 6-=!#?@%-$ .<-2?03#4!7-$, 2A9D!3! ! -64#>/!3!6+ -6%-9#%!+3! .<-074!<-9#%!+. P4#%-9?0%!0 «4<04@0C- <-66!$67-C- 5!"#$%#» .<-B-5!?- %# Q-%0 D#47-C- -2/06490%%-C- 6-64-+%!+, 9 7-4-<-3 960 +96-490%%00 "9&1#?! 7?!1! 9<-50 «B9#4!4 2-?4#4@» [.-5<-2%00 -2 T4-3 63.: ,. W<40C#-!-J#6604]. P?-9#, &3649-9#%!+, 6-=!#?@%A0 40-<!!, B&5-I06490%%-64@, 7<#6-4#, 3-<#?@%A0 #6.074A 50-+40?@%-64! ! !%-$ !50#?!"3 7#"#?!6@ %0%&I%A3 «-464-03» &B-5+/0$ 6-90467-$ <0#?@%-64!. G%40<06 2A?, 67-<00, 7 50?#3, .<#C3#4!70 ! 7-%=0.=!+3, 5#>/!3 7-<-47!$ 7-330<1067!$ <0"&?@4#4. N0 6?&1#$%- 9 1990-0 C-5A 6-90<D0%%- .<0<9#?#6@ T?!4#<%#+ !%40??074&#?@%#+ 6-90467#+ 5!"#$%0<67#+ 4<#5!=!+. K0 3064- "#%+? %0"#40$?!9A$ 7-330<1067!$ 5!"#$%, %#5&3#%%A$ ! <#640<+%%A$. «G64-%10%!0» 5&B-9%-$ 6-64#9?+>/0$ 5!"#$%#
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8. 7#"X%1%1 |
| 9||
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-2/06490%%-C- 6.<-6# %# 5!"#$%0<67!0 «&6?&C!».N07-4-<A0 <-66!$67!0 5!"#$%0<A 9-6.<!%+?! «2&<%-0 =9040-%!0» 5!"#$%# ! 5!"#$%--2<#"-9#%!+ 1990-B 7#7 4<#C05!>, 7#7 50-.<-Q066!-%#?!"#=!> ! .-7&D0%!0 %# .<-Q066!-%#?@%&> 7#64&. H<+5 ?! 3-I%- -5%-"%#1%- 67#"#4@: ?&1D0 ?! 2A?- 9<03+, 7-C5# %# 160-3!??!-%%&> :-66!> .<!B-5!?#6@ 906@3# 67<-3%#+ <#4@: 59# 5!"#$%0<67!B 9&"#, %067-?@7- 7#Q05< 9 40B%-?-C!1067!B !%-64!4&4#B ! .#<# 6<05%!B &102%AB "#9050%!$, # .<0-2?#5#>/!3 I#%<-3 5!"#$%# 2A?- «B&5-I06490%%-0 -Q-<3?0%!0» (14- %0 30D#?- 64#4!64!70 .-7#"A9#4@ 10 000 5!"#$%0<-9 %# -C<-3%A$ PPP:). )#7 2A 3A %! -=0%!9#?! 6?&1!9D006+ 9 1990-B C-5#B, %- 6 T4-C- 9<030%! 5!"#$% .-40<+? 69-> 7#64-9-64@ ! 7#I&/&>6+ T?!4#<%-64@, -% .<09<#4!?6+ 9 3#66-9-0, 1#64- «%#<-5%-0», 49-<10649-, 9#I%0$D!$ !%64<&30%4 T7-%-3!1067!B, 6-=!#?@%--7&?@4&<%AB .0<030%, 9 4!. 6-9<030%%-C- 3#66-9-C- 3AD?0%!+.O<05.-?#C#>4, 14- %#1#?# .<-074%-$ 7&?@4&<A 2A?! 960C5#, B-4+ 9-"%!7%-90%!0 «.<-074%-$ =!9!?!"#=!!» !66?05-9#40?! -4%-6+4 7 9<030%#3 H-"<-I50%!+. F03 %0 30%00, -109!5%-, 14- 5!"#$% 7#7 6.0=!#?!"!<-9#%%#+ .<-074%#+ 50+40?@%-64@ .<-6?0I!9#046+ ?!D@ 6 60<05!%A XIX 907#, # .- 6&4! — ?!D@ 6 %#1#?# ,, 907#. O<-Q066!+ 5!"#$%0<# 64#%-9!46+ 960 2-?00 3#66-9-$, %- -64#046+ -5%-$ !" 6#3AB 3-?-5AB ! .-%!3#046+ .--<#"%-3&. MA 964<01#03 <#"?!1%A0 00 -.<050?0%!+: «B&5-I06490%%-0 <0306?-», «40B%!-1067#+ T6404!7#», «B&5-I06490%%-0 7-%64<&!<-9#%!0», «4<04@+ 7&?@4&<#», «6!6403%#+ 50+40?@%-64@», «304#Q-<!1067-0 .<-074!-<-9#%!0 .<05304-9 5?+ <#"3AD?0%!+», «!67&6649-», «4-4#?@%-0 .<-074!<-9#%!0» — 7#I5-0 !" -.<050?0%!$ .--69-03& <0"-%%-. :#"?!1%A ! .&4! 9 .<-Q066!>. (- 1990-B C-5-9 5!"#$%0<67!$ 9&" 30%@D0 960C- 2A? 4<#3.?!%-3 7 .<-Q066!-%#?@%-3& 9"?04&. G" !67&6649# .<!D0? 9 5!"#$% 0C- «-6%-9-.-?-I%!7» '!?@+3 M-<<!6, 6Q-<3&?!<-9#9D!$ 3%-C!0 T4!7--T6404!1067!0 .<#9!?# .<-Q066!!. O-"I0 0C- .&4@ .-94-<!?! F-3#6 M#?@5-%#5-, X%=- M#<! ! 5<&C!0. :#%%!$ 5!"#$% 4<02-9#? 10?-901067-$ "<0?-64!, =0?0.-?#C#%!+, ! %0 6?!D7-3 9#I%- 2A?-, 7#7-3& 7-%7<04%-3& <0306?& 4A -2&10%, 9#I%00 — 7 103& 4A 64<03!D@6+ ! 7#7!0 I0<-49A C-4-9 .<!%064! %# #?4#<@ 69-!B 64<03?0%!$. O-14! 960 .#4<!-#<B! <-66!$67-C- 5!"#$%# 1920-B C-5-9 2A?! 4#7I0 64#%7-9A3! B&5-I%!7#3!, I!9-.!6=#3! (H. F#4?!%, L. :-510%7-, H. P40.#%-9# ! V. O-.-9#). N- 6B-I#+ 6!4&#=!+ 2A?# (! -41#64! -64#046+) ! 9%0 :-66!!. G" 67&[email protected]&<A «"#90<2-9#%A» 5!"#$%-3 O#67#?@ M&<C ! F#.!- H!<77#?#, «>90?!<» M#<7 N@>6-%. G" !%I0%0<%-C- =0B# 9 .<-Q066!> .<!D?! :#$3-%5 V-&!, G6#- ,-6-T, L?@20<-4- M05#, !" -40106490%%AB 6.0=!#?!64-9 — R<!$ P-?-9@09, R<!$ (-?3#4-967!$, V09 )&"@3!109. *-?@D!%649- 6-90467!B
10 |||
5!"#$%0<-9 ! 40-<04!7-9 1960—1970-B C-5-9 .- -2<#"-9#%!> !%I0%0<A !?! Q!?-6-QA, 4#7 I0 7#7 ! 3%-C!0 !B 09<-.0$67!0, #30<!7#%67!0 ! +.-%67!0 7-??0C!. O-14! 960 7?#66!7! !4#?@+%67-C- 5!"#$%# «"-?-4-$ .-<A» 1960—1970-B C-5-9 2A?! #<B!4074-<#3!, 20I#9D!3! -4 #<B!407-4&<A 7#7 -4 67&1%-C- «"#40B%-?-C!"!<-9#%%-C- <0306?#» [P3.: R. S#4!%: J#T L&?0%4!] 9 5!"#$% 7#7 9 «10?-907-6--2<#"%-0» 49-<10649-. L<B!4074-<#3! .- -2<#"-9#%!> 2A?! 9A.&67%!7! &5!9!40?@%-$ D7-?A — M!?#%67-C- .-?!40B%!1067-C- !%64!4&-4# — M#<!- *0??!%!, L?066- M0%5!%! ! 5<&C!0; #<B!4074-<#3! 2A?! L?9#< L#?4- ! :-% L<#5. (MA 6 4<&5-3 63-I03 96.-3%!4@ <-66!$67-C- #<B!4074-<#, <#"90 14- K. L. :-"0%2?>3#, 64#9D0-C- 2-?@D!3 5!"#$%0<-3). P9-> <-?@ 9 5!"#$%0 6AC<#?! ! !C<#>4 9AB-5=A !" 6#3AB <#"-%AB .<-Q066!$: 40#4<#?@%A0 B&5-I%!7! — *0?? J05506 ! J0%<! (<0$Q&6, !" 6-9<030%%AB <-66!$67!B — M#<7 )-%!7 ! K?0%# )!4#09#; %- ! 9.-?%0, 4#7 67#"#4@, 6#3-&17!, 4#7!0, 7#7 ;. V. :#$4 ! ;. S0B40?@ (64#9D!0 ! 7<&.%A3! 5!"#$%0<#3!), ;. P4#<7 ! «5I#"!64» :. *-%044- (5?+ .-?&10%!+ 5!"#$%0<67-C- -2<#"--9#%!+ .-64&.#? 9 HA6D&> D7-?& Q-<3--2<#"-9#%!+ 9 '?@30, %- 2A? 20" =0<03-%!$ .<!C?#D0% <074-<-3 F. M#?@5-%#5- %0 &1!4@6+, # .<0.-5#9#4@ 9 %0$), 5!"#$%0< Q!<3A «*<#&%» (!40< :#36, #30<!7#%0= Z#<?@" G36 ! -6%-9-.-?-I%!7 6-9<030%%AB 5!"#$%-.<-.05094!7! ! 7-?-<!64!7! \-B#%%06 G440%… N- 9 1990-0 C-5A .-+9!?#6@ .?0+5# +<7!B 5!"#$%0<-9, -7-%-1!9D!B 5!"#$%0<67!0 D7-?A — (I0$36 (#$6-%, :-66 V#&C<-9, (T9!5 *<#&% ! 5<&C!0. O0<030%A, -B9#4!9D!0 3!<-9-$ 5!"#$% 9 40 C-5A, 69+"#%A, 403 %0 30%00, %0 6 0C- 50.<-Q066!-%#?!"#-=!0$ ! «Q-?@7?-<!"#=!0$», #, %#.<-4!9, 6 .-9AD0%!03 -2/0-6490%%AB "#.<-6-9. )-C5#-4- W<40C#-!-J#6604 %#.<-<-10649-9#?: =!9!?!"#=!+ +9?+046+ IC&10$ .<-2?03-$ ! .- 30<0 69-0C- <#"9!4!+ 6?-I%-64@ T4-$ .<-2?03A 2&504 ?!D@ 9-"<#64#4@. Z4- ! .<-!6B-5!4 %# .<#74!70. W4 -4%-6!40?@%- .<-64AB .<05-64#9?0%!$, %#.-5-2!0 40B, 14- 5!"#$% — T4- «Q&%7=!+ + 7-%6-4<&7=!+ + Q-<3#», .<0-2?#5#9D!B 9 60-B C-5#B, 5!"#$% &D0?. ) %-9A3 9<-50: «.<-074!<-9#%!0 .<05304-9 5?+ <#"3AD?0%!+» ! «!%64<&30%4 C?-2#?@%-$ 50+40?@%-64!» %0 9.-?%0 .<!D0?. P-9<030%%-0 0C- 6-64-+%!0 4<02&04, 14-2A %# .?-/#57& .<--Q066!-%#?@%-$ 50+40?@%-64! 9AD0? 5!"#$%0<, +9?+>/!$6+ -5%-9<030%%- 64<#40C-3 ! 6-=!#?@%A3 .<-074!<-9/!7-3; %0"#9!6!3A3 49-<=-3-!%5!9!5&#?!64-3 ! -2/06490%%A3 50+40-?03, 4-%7!3 64!?!64-3 ! B&5-I%!7-3 ! -5%-9<030%%- #"#<4%A3 40B%-?-C-3-!"-2<04#40?03, D-&30%-3 ! 3-<#?!64-3… F- 064@, +9?+>/!36+ 9 30%@D0$ 30<0 6.07&?+4!9%A3 <0306?0%%!7-3, 9 2-?@D0$ 30<0 — !%40%6!9%- I!9A3, 5&3#>/!3 ! 1&9649&>/!3
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! 1933 7. .#(#/3 ;*/%' 2:#)2-# $0":'-4&)'2*/*"3 +* 7)*4&,#<, 4* 2-"%*20# #7' )*('% 2 G'48'4#.! 1935 7. ;*/%', #7' 1#4* — *)6&%#0%') ;<4' ;*/%', &"%')&0 &"05""%2* H&/3" I5"%*2 =*/ & 658'14&,* F*<)* I5/&0"#4 '"4'2*/& 2 =#/3"&40& ?&).5 :'8 4*+2*4&#. «;)%#0» :' :)'&+2'8"%25 & :)'8*1# .#(#/& & 8)57&6 *%)&(5%'2 &4%#)3#)*. «;)%#0» '"%*#%"9 8' "&6 :') '84&. &+ "*.-6 :)#5":#2*@A&6 ,#4%)'2 &4%#)3#)4'7' 8&+*<4* 2 J&4-/948&&. ! :'"/#84&# 7'8- .4'7&# 8)5-7&# ?&4"0&# & &4'"%)*44-# 658'14&0& +4*B&%#/34' '(4'2&/& & '('7*%&/& *""')%&.#4% %'2*)'2 «;)%#0*», 4' '(-)*+,- ;*/%' :'-:)#14#.5 "'"%*2/9@% '"4'25 & 7')8'"%3 #7' :)'850,&&.K/9 "#.3& F*<)- I5/&0"#4 ;*/%' ":)'#0%&)'2*/ 8'., 0'%')-< (-/ :'"%)'#4 2 1939 7. 2 8#)#25>0# H')-.*)005, 4#8*/#0' '% 7. D')&. L*0 4*+-2*#.*9 2&//* F*<)#* — >#8#2) **/%'2"0'7' &"05""%2* "&4%#+*, :)&-.#) 0'.:/#0"4'7' :)'#0%&)'2*4&9 &. *)6&%#0%5)4'-8&+*<4#)"0'< ")#8-, '84' &+ "*.-6 :'$%&B4-6 %2')#4&< ?&4"0'7' .*"%#)*.M'#8&4#4&# 7')&+'4%*/34'< :/'"0'"-%& " 2#)%&0*/34-.& ':')*.& — '84* &+ 7/*24#<>&6 :)'(/#. :)& :)'#0%&-)'2*4&& .#(#/&. ! :#)2-6 '()*+,*6 0)#"#/ ;*/%' &+ .4'7'"/'<4'< ?*-4#)- (-/' &":'/3+'2*4' )#>#4&#, '"4'2*44'# 4* 8256 4#+*2&"&.-6 &+'745%-6 ?').*6, B*"%&B4' "'#8&-4#44-6 .#185 "'('<: '84* 20/@B*#% "&8#43# & ":&405, 8)57*9 92/9#%"9 :'88#)1&2*@A&. $/#.#4%'.. K*/3-4#<>&# :'&"0& ;*/%' 2 '(/*"%& .#(#-/& (-/& "29+*4- " 0'4"%)5&)'2*4&#. 745%-6 8#)#2944-6 ':'). L#64&0* &+7&(*, :)#8/'1#44*9 ;*/%', "'"%'&%
;/2*) ;*/%'. L*(5)#%, .'8#/3 Y-leg
8/9 ?*()&0& «;)%#0». 1946—1947
!. "#$%&
| 21||
|||
! "#$, %"# &' #(&#$ )#&*+ ,-./' — ,.(.0+1 )3 /".4' 343 /"#4' —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—56) ,64 7-+(4#2+& +0+ #(3& "37 !+-"3)'48&#=# <4+$+&"' $+,+43 — / $+"'443%+/)3$ #=#4#!)#$, / 7#$#085 )#"#-#=# 3 #/.0+/"!4:+"/: )-+74+&3+ ) =#-39#&"'48 74#/)#/"3.
H4!'- H'4"#. I+-!3-#!#%&61
/"#43), $#(+48 J 98 (4: ?',-3)3
«H-"+)». 1935—1936
!"#$% !$"&'
22 |||
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! 50-" #$%&, '$#%( )%(*+,, -./$"'0+/$-1(**&" 2(30$, *(4+*(50 ./+$6/"0(07 6$3"" -3$8*&9, -':37.0:/*&9 ;(/('-0"/, $* -$)%("0 *$1:5, <$8"0 6&07, -(-<:5 -$1"/="**:5 1 ;:%$8"-01"**$< $0*$="*++ >$/<: $.$/&. ?0( $.$/( $6/():"0-, +) /,%( +)$#*:0&; .3(--0+* 0/(."@+"1+%*$9 1 .3(*" >$/<&, -$"%+*"**&; 1<"-0" *(.$%$6+" 1""/( +3+ /()1"/*:0$#$ '/&3(. A$"%+*"*+" .$%%"/8+1("<$9 + .$%%"/8+1(5B"9
4(-0"9 <"6"3+ $-:B"-013,3$-7 1)(+-<$./$*+'*$1"*+"< -3$"1 %"/"1(, 40$ $6"-."4+1(3$ "-0"-01"**:5 ."/"%(4: %(13"*+, - #$/+)$*0(37*$9 .3$-'$-0+ *( 1"/0+'(37*:5 -0$9':.«!"/0+'(37*(,, *"-:B(, 4(-07 '$*--0/:'@++ <"6"3+ ,13,"0-, 1 +)1"-0*$< -<&-3" <3(%="9 -"-0/$9 '$3$**& 1 (/;+0"'0:/"»3, — C0+ -3$1( 2(30$ $6D,-*,50 <*$#$" 1 "#$ +-':--01", "%+*$< + *" /()%"3,"<$< *( <(3$" + 6$37=$", #3(1*$" + 10$/$-0"."**$". E"%(/$< 0(' 4(-0$ 0/+ $-*$1*&" <$%"-3+ ((30$1-'$9 <"6"3+ -/(1*+1(50-, - '3(--+4"-'+<+ $/%"/(<+ 1 (/;+0"'0:-
3. Alvar Aalto.
Zurich: Girskeger.
1963. — P. 73.
/". F#$ ."/1(,, -(<(, ./$-0(, -0(*%(/-0*(, $.$/(, 4(-0$ -/(1*+1("0-, - %$/+-4"-'$9 '$3$**$9; /()1"013"**(, 1 %1:; *(./(13"*+,; -0$9'( — - +$*+4"-'$9 '$3$**$9; *(+6$3"" -3$8*(,, 1""/$-$6/()*(, $.$/( — - '$/+*>-'$9 '$-3$**$9. G$%$6*&" -/(1*"*+, "B" /() .$%01"/8%(50 ./"$63(%(*+" 1$ 1-"< 01$/4"-01" 2(30$ +*0"#/(37*$#$ 0+.( ;:%$8"-01"**$#$ <&=3"*+,.H()1+0+" $0 ./$-0$#$ ' 6$3"" -3$8*$<:, $0 «(/;(+'+» ' «6(/$''$» $6*(/:8+1(-"0-, + 1 %/:#+; $6/()@(; ((30$1-'$#$ %+)(9*(, *(./+<"/, 1 "#$ -1"0+37*+-'(; — *(4+*(, - (-'"0+4"-'+; =(/$1 -(*(0$/+, 1 G(9<+$ + '$*4(, «6(/$4-*&<+» -1"0+37*+'(<+ 1 .$)%*+; -$$/:-8"*+,;. G/('0+4"-'+ 1-" «('-"--:(/& (/;+0"'0:/&», '$0$/&" -$)%(1(3 2(30$, ./+*(%3"8(0 '$*'/"0*&< )%(*+,<, ('-0+1*$ :4(-01:50 1 >$/<+/$1(*++ '$<-.$)+@++ +; +*0"/7"/$1 + C'-0"/7"/$1. E$ $*+ <$#:0 -:B"-01$1(07 + -(<$-0$,-0"37*$, $0/&1(,-7 $0 <"-0( -1$"#$ ."/-1$#$ .$,13"*+, + *(4+*(, 8+07 1 *$1$9 $6-0(*$1'", 1 +*$< <"-0" + 1/"<"*+. E(./+<"/, -0:37, + 0(6:/"0& 2(30$, ./$+)1$%+<&" -"#$%*, 1 %"-,0'(; 0&--,4 C')"<.3,/$1, ,13,50-, *"$0D"<3"-<$9 4(-075 $6$/:%$1(*+, ='$3 + '(>", '$*0$/ + 8+3&; '1(/0+/, ( 1$)*+'3+ $*+ 1."/1&" "B" 1 30-" #$%&. I/"-3( «G(9<+$», 3(<.& + %1"/*&" /:4'+ %$<( J:+ I(//", .$-0/$"**$-#$ 1 1958 #. 1$ K/(*@++, *+'$#%( *" .$10$/,3+-7. ! 0$ 8" 1/"<, -0"'-3,**&" 1()&, .$,1+1=+"-, 1."/1&" 1 /"-0$/(*" «A(1$9», :'/(=(50 0"."/7 +*0"/7"/& <*$#+; 8+3&; + $6B"-01"**&; )%(*+9.E$ *(+6$3"" )*(4+0"37*&9 1'3(% 2(3-0$ 1 %+)(9* -1,)(*, '$*"4*$, - <"6"375,
231(/ 2(30$.
L(6:/"0, <$%"37
Y-leg %3, >(6-
/+'+ «2/0"'».
1946—1947
!. "#$%&
| 23||
|||
4. Alvar Aalto. Luonnoksia.
Helsinki. — 1972. — S. 39.
!"#$%& '()*+,- .'/')'0 /*. 1&, .*. % 2')'$' %+3&4/5-& 3&54.%& 4/"!67, 35&3)&8&55-. 9&04/3%/&!65', 85':%& /%;- 4/'!'3 % .)&4&!, )*+)*('/*55-& ;7/6<&47/ !&/ 5*+*<, /%)*1%)"=/47 4&:'<57 3 ('!6-$%2 4&)%72, #&8 .':<* (- /' 5% (-!'. >*8'0 4!*('0 4/')'5'0 5'-3&0$&0 )*,%'5*!%4/%#&4.'0 *)2%/&./")- % <%+*05* ?*!/' 4#%/*! %:5')%)'3*5%& @*./')'3 ;4%2'!':%%, 5&"8&5%& 3 A;'2" 4/*5<*)/%-+%)'3*55':' ;)'8-$!&55':' ;)'%+3'<4/3* ;)&<'4/*3%/6 #&!'3&." 3'+8'15'4/6 3-(')*, /)*54@')8*,%% &:' (!%1*0$&:' '.)"1&5%7. «B %8&= 3 3%<" 3'+8'15'4/6 3%<'%+8&5&5%7, #&!'3&#&4."= ;'/-)&(5'4/6 (-/6 3 /*.'8 '(C&5%% 4 '.)"1*=C%8 8%)'8 % ;)&<-8&/*8%, .':<* 4)&<* "<'3!&/3')7&/ '45'35-8 ;4%2'!':%#&4.%8
/)&('3*5%78 ;'4/'755':' '(5'3!&5%7 % )'4/*» 4. D<5%8 %+ ;"/&0 4'+<*5%7 ;)&<8&/5'0 4)&<-, '/3&#*=C&0 A/%8 #&!'3&#&4.%8 +*-;)'4*8, 73!7&/47, ;' 85&5%= ?*!/', /*.'& )*4$%)&5%& ;'57/%7 «)*,%'5*!%+8», ;)% .'/')'8 ;'73!7&/47 3'+8'15'4/6 '23*/%/6 8*.4%8*!65' ('!6$&& #%4!' A/%2 /)&('3*5%0, :!"(1& ;'4/%#6 &4/&4/3&55-& ;'/)&(5'4/% #&!'3&.*.«D.)"1*=C%& #&!'3&.* ;)&<8&/- — A/' '/5=<6 5& @&/%$% % *!!&-:')%%, '(!*<*=C%& 8%4/%#&4.'0 3'0 ,&55'4/6=. D5%, A/% ;)&<-8&/-, 4.')&& ;'<'(5- .!&/.*8 % /.*578 3' '(5'3!7=C&047 ;)%)'<-, ;'4/'755' 8&57=C&:'47 #&!'3&#&4.':' '):*5%+8*» 5.E&/'< ?*!/' 4'4/'%/ 3 /'8, #/' '5 $&! . %4.'8'8" )&+"!6/*/" 5& ;"/&8 ;'4!&<'3*/&!65':' *5*!%+* '<5'0 @"5.,%% +* <)":'0, ;)%-(*3!&5%7 '<5'0 @"5.,%'5*!65' ';)*3<*55'0 @')8- . <)":'0, * '('(C*! 34& /)&('3*5%7 % "4!'3%7, <'(%3*746 /*.':' )&$&5%7, .'/')'& '/3&#*!' (- 34&0 %2 4'3'.";5'4/%.
5. Alvar Aalto. Luonnoksia. — S. 40.
?!3*) ?*!/'.
F*+* «>*3'0»
(Savoy), 8'<&!6
G 3031 <!7
@%)8- Karhula
(5-5& ;)'%+3'-
<%/47 @*()%.'0
H%//*!* (Iittala)
1936
?!3*) ?*!/'.
I)&4!', 8'<&!6
G 31 <!7 @%)8-
Huonekalu-ja
Rakennustytehdas
(;'+1& ;)'%+3'-
<%!'46 @*()%.'0
«?)/&.»).
1930—1931
!"#$% !$"&'
24 |||
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!"#$#%&'()""*) #+,-./* '0)1&(2"&3#0, '3#+4"*5 &.6)(&7 &(& '1)3(4""*5 0-. 8#$91 '(9:&12 6)8#"-'1,-/&)7 ;1#$# 8)1#6-. <(464 "- 8)6"*) 60),"*) ,9%3&, #=()1)""*) "-19,-(2"#7 3#:)7, 8* ',--.9 #>9>-)8 &5 «#+,->)""#'12»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
?(0-, ?-(1#.
H-+9,)1, 8#6)(2
I 60 6(4 B&,8*
Huonekalu-ja
Rakennustytehdas
(=#.:) =,#&.0#-
6&('4 B-+,&3#7
«?,1)3»). 1933
!. "#$%&
| 25||
|||
!" #$%$&' ()"*(+) ,%+'-&%.%, /,'$&' 0-%)&.1$" "2-%2"+%+1 '3" & 0-&,'-$&+1 0-'4"(+%).56+ )(' )"#,"7$"(+& 4.5 3%-,"$&8$"3" (&$+'#%. «9#%&,-$"' ).&5$&' &(!/((+) 0-"&(:"4&+ $' ( 0",";16 <(!&#") & 0")'-:$"(+$"3" 0"4"2&5 ="-,, % 0"(-'4(+)", «,%+'--&&», 0/+', &$+'..'!+/%.1$"3" %$%.&-#% -%$$"3" ,%+'-&%.%» 6.>%, ?%.+" "2.%4%. -'4!"* (0"("2$"-(+16 )@5).5+1 «2&"."3&8'(!&* ='$"-,'$» ,%+'-&%.%. A$ -%((,%+-&)%. .6-2"* ,%+'-&%. ) 0"(+"5$$", 0-"B'((' -%#)&+&5, ) :"4' !"+"-"3" :/4"7$&! (0"("2'$ "+!-@)%+1 )(' $")@' )@+'-!%6;&' &# '3" 0-&-"4@ )"#,"7$"(+&. ?%.+" 2@. (+"-"$$&!", 0-&,'$'$&5 +%!&: ,%+'-&%."), !"+"-@' (./7&.& 8'.")'8'(!"* !/.1+/-' /7' +@(58'-
6. Alvar Aalto.
Synopsis. — P. 25.
.'+&5. C'-')", ,-%,"-, !&-0&8, !'--%,&!%, ,'41, .'$, D'-(+1 — &,'$$" <+& ,%+'-&%.@ (""2;%6+ 0"(+-"*!%, ?%.+" &: "("2@* !"."-&+.C'-')" — "4&$ &# (%,@: .62&,@: ,%+'-&%.") ?%.+". E!(0'-&,'$+%, ( $&, "$ /4'.5. ,$"3" (&. & )$&,%$&5, &(0".1#/5 ()"& $%:"4!& ) (!/.10+/--', 4&#%*$', %-:&+'!+/-'. F;' ) 20-' 3"4@, &#/8%5 +-%4&B&"$$/6 4'-')5$-$/6 %-:&+'!+/-/, "$ "+!-@. 4.5 ('25 "4$" '' "8'$1 )%7$"' !%8'(+)" — "4-$",%+'-&%.1$"(+1. C'-')" )" )(': (+%-@: (""-/7'$&5: )@(+/0%." !%! '4&$(+)'$$@* (+-"&+'.1$@* ,%+'-&-%., 0-&,'$5',@* ) ()"', '(+'(+)'$-$", )&4' & ,%(D+%2'.G-%4&B&"$$"' -','(." "+").'$&5 .@7 & ."4"! &# 3$/+"3" 4'-')% 0"./-
?.)%- ?%.+".
G%2/-'+, ,"4'.1
H X 601 fan-leg
4.5 =%2-&!&
«?-+'!». 1954
!"#$% !$"&'
26 |||
|||
7. Alvar Aalto.
Luonnoksia.
S. 94.
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«#!:-1!:». I$"+! Brionvega. 1970
62 |||
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!"#$%&' ! () !*+,% )($-./$-01 &/2+ 3+4)()*', ,/40-,/$-",), ()3 0.-(/$ &-"/53 0/,)5 6-*)4)5 07+*)5 8*)-%!$+3-% 90(+(-.+04-: !)",)23)0(+5 ! 0)!*+,+33;< 98):; =>?), 4/4 3+$1"% $;.6+ 8)&)6+$ 7-*,+ Olivetti, 4)()*/% 0(/$/ )@;@/(1, 3+0,)(*% 3/ !+01,/ !'0)4-5 90(+(-.+04-5 ;*)!+31 8*)&;4-A--, 8)(*+B3)0(1 ! )*#/3-"/A-)33': 8+*+,+3/:, ! 3)!)5 0(*;4(;*+ 0$;2B' &-"/53/. C+$$-3- !"%$0% "/ */"*/-B)(4; 8)&)B3)5 0(*;4(;*' &$% Olivetti, 4)()*)5 )3 - *;4)!)&-$, 7)*,/$13) )0(/!/%01 !3+6(/(3', 4)30;$1(/3(),. D8)0$+&0(!-- )3 0)"&/$ -" 3+04)$14-: ,)$)&': &-"/53+*)! 0/,)0()%(+$13)+ B<*) ! E-$/3+, )&3/ -" &!;: #*;88 4)()*)#) */B)(/$/ -04$<.-(+$13) 3/ Olivetti - )8$/.-!/$/01 9()5 7-*,)5, &*;#/% 2+ !'8)$3%$/ "/4/"' &*;#-: 7-*,. >/4/% 7)*,/ 0)(*;&3-.+0(!/ )4/"/$/01 ).+31 ;&/.3)5, -B) */B)(/ 3/ )&3; - ()$14) 3/ )&3; 7-*,; ,)#$/ B' -0()@-(1 (!)*.+04-5 8)(+3A-/$ &-"/53+*/. F*+&$)2+33/% C+$$-3- 0(*;4(;*/ 0;@+0(!;+( - 8) 0+5 &+31.
F*-,+*3) 3/ (/4-: 2+ )03)!/3-%: 3/./$)01 ! 9(- #)&' 0)(*;&3-.+0(!) &-"/53+*/ +@+ 0 (*+,% 4*;83',- -(/-$1%304-,- 7-*,/,-: Cassina, D & D Italia, Art+mide. G 4/2&)5 -" 3-: 0!)5 8*)7-$1, 0!)- 8*-3A-8', 0!)+ 3+)*&--3/*3)+ $-A). =) +0(1 (*- )BH+&-3%<-@-: -: .+*('. F+*!/%: 7-*,' 3-4)#&/ 3+ 94)3),%( 3/ &-"/53+. D()*/%: )3- 0(*+,%(0% 8*)(-!)0()%(1 (+3&+3A-- 4 B'0(*)5 0,+3+ 0(-$+5 - 8)*).3),; 4*;#; 8)(*+B-(+$10(!/, -: ;08+: &$--(+$+3 - 0(/B-$+3. >*+(1%: )3- !0+#&/ #)()!' — !'&+*2-!/% 0(-$1 — -0-4/(1 - 9408+*-,+3(-*)!/(1 0 3)!',- ,/(+*-/$/,- - (+:3)$)#-%,-. D 08+-A-7-.+04-: ;0$)!-%: I(/$-- ()$14) ! /$1%30+ 0 (/4-,- 7-*,/,- - ,)# 0)0()%(10% 3/0()%@-5 &-"/53+*.D B-)#*/7-- C+$$-3- —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— *+6/(1,
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Olivetti. 1970
K/00+(3/% &+4/
>M-800 GL.
L-*,/ Yamaha,
1976
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, % +).+!* *('"( — 2!3+!'"4- 2!#5!#," 6 #(&"(34+!'", 7(33,+,. 8!0", 6$.#$& (9! /+$0,"(34+$& 1$/1$:!"6$ '"$+!%,"'& '!:;",(* % *,1!%!* #,/$<+( — +$'"!346! $6")$34+;* , 3!9,0+;* !6$/;-%$("'& +$<#(++!( ,* 1(=(+,(.>$6 :;3!, +$21,*(1, ' *("!#!* ?3$'",0+;5 23(+!6, 2!/%!3&--@,* +$<", 2!%(15+!'", 2(1(5!#$ *(.#) #%)*& 1$/3,0+;*,, ,+!9#$ 1$'2!3!.(++;*, 2!# )93!* #1)9 6 #1)9) 2(1,*("1$*,. A",* *("!#!*, ).( 21,*(+&%=,*'& % 1$/+;5 '"1$+$5 (% "!* 0,'-3( , % BBBC), 7(33,+, /$,+"(1('!%$3'& % 1964 9!#), /$+,*$&'4 21!(6"!* 9$/!%!< 23,"; #3& D,1*; Triplex. E! 2!#3,++!< )#$0(< !6$/$3,'4 1$/1$:!"6, %;0,'3,"(34+;5 *$=,+, '#(3$++;( ,* #3& D,1*; Olivetti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«Programma 1$» , +(6!"!1;( #1)9,( #$3, 0("6,< !"%(" +$ %!21!', %'"$%=,< "!9#$ 2(1(# ,"$34&+'6,*, #,/$<+(1$*,: 0"! 21!",%!2!'"$%,"4 9!'2!#'"%) 21&*!3,+(<+!9! 9(!*("1,/*$ 21!*;=3(++;5 D!1*? K(#4 ,*(++! % +$0$3( 60-5 9!#!% 2!2;"6, 6$6-"! !.,%,"4 !:3,6 ,"$34&+'6!< 21!*;=3(++!< 21!#)6J,, 21,%(3, 6 %!'61(=(+,- '",3,/$"!1'"%$ , !1+$*(+"$3,/*$, 21,(*!% '",3& «*!#(1+». M$.( "$6,( *$'"(1$ #,/$<+$, 6$6 :1$"4& N$'",34!+,, +( '*!93, 21(#3!.,"4 +,0(9!, 61!*( %$1,$J,< +$ "(*; O. K$+ #( K(34#( , C. C,*(1=,#$. E!, %!23!",%=,'4 % "$6!< D!1*(, 1($6J,& +$ )"1,1!%$++;< 1$J,!+$-3,/* 2(1%;5 2!'3(%!(++;5 3(" +( *!93$ #$"4 )#!%3("%!1,"(34+;5
N$346)3&"!1 «Divisumma 18»
' 2(0$"$-@,* )'"1!<'"%!*.
P,1*$ Olivetti, 1973
!"#$% &'(($)$
64 |||
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!"#$%&'(')*. +(,)'- ." /"%%010 #1(2"-1)*(%0 3),)4 $'*"!.5"10" 36$%&7'$!-1)-8$1690)1(%&1):) 50#(;1(, 6)')!-; *7)3%"53'*00 1(#-*(%0 «)'6!)*"10"2 60-< :)5)*». = 1":) 7)>*0%03& 21):)?03-%"11-" 7)3%"5)*('"%0 0 7)5!(.('"%0. «@)7)%):0?"360;» 2"')5 ,-% 1(3')%&6) 7)7$%>!"1, ?') !(37!)3'!(10%3> 0 1( 5!$:0" 38"!-: 1(7!02"!, (1:%0;36(> (!<0'"6'$!1(> :!$77( «A!60:!B2» 7!"5-%).0%( 7!)"6', :5" .0%0C" ,$5$C":) '!(6')*(%)3& 6(6 «3%).1(> 303'"2( ),)!$5)*(10>, ),1"3"11(> B%(3'0?1); ),)%)?6);». D":)51> 36$%&7'$!1)-8$1-690)1(%&1)" 1(7!(*%"10" * 9"%)2 $." $E%) * 7!)E%)", <)'> *!"2> )' *!"2"10 *)#106("' ') * )510<, ') * 5!$:0< 1)*-< !(#!(,)'6(<.F):5( G. /"%%010 1(?01(% 3)'!$510-?('& 3 Olivetti, *-?03%0'"%&1(> '"<106( 7"!".0*(%( 7"!"%)21-; 7"!0)5: 3 7)>*%"10"2 01'":!(%&1-< 3<"2 (HD) 7)>*0%03& !"(%&1-" 7!"57)3-%60 5%> 2010('4!0#(900 3?"'1)-!"E(4C0< $3-'!);3'*. I 5(%&1";E"2, 6):5( ,)%&E0", ( #('"2 3*"!<,)%&E0" HD 7)#*)%0%0 3)-6!('0'& '"<10?"36$4 ?(3'& 7!0,)!)* 5) 2(6302(%&1) 2(%-< !(#2"!)*, 6(?"3-'*"11) 0#2"10%)3& 0 7)1>'0" 8$16900 7!0,)!(. JIG, 1"36)%&6) 5"3>'0%"'0; 1(#(5 #(102(*E(> ),K"2 3)%051):) #5(10>, 3":)51> *3" ,)%"" 3'(1)*0'3>
«013'!$2"1')2», 3)0#2"!02-2 5(." 1" 3 ?"%)*"6)2, ( 3 ":) !$6);. +(,)'(> 1(5 6)27&4'"!1); '"<106); Olivetti, /"%%010, 7) ":) 3),3'*"11)2$ 7!0-#1(104, 5(%"6) 1" 3!(#$ )3)#1(% B')' 8(6'. L) ?$'&" 50#(;1"!( 7)536(#(%) "2$, ?') JIG 1)*-< 7)6)%"10; 5)%.-1- 7!"57)%(:('& )7!"5"%"11$4 3*>#& 3 ?03') ?"%)*"?"3602 ?$*3'*)2 %":6):), 5)3'$71):) 6)1'(6'(. @(6 *)#106%( 05"> #(6%4?0'& *"3& 6)!7$3 206!)JIG * 37%)E1$4 ),)%)?6$ 0# !"#01)*); 7%"160. H1'$0'0*1) ,-%) 1(;5"1) !"E"10", ),"37"?0*(4C"" )7'02(%&-1-; B2)90)1(%&1-; 6)1'(6' 7!0,)!( 3 )7"!(')!)2. «D '(6'0%&1); ')?60 #!"10>,— :)*)!0% /"%%010,— 8$1690> 3?"'1); 2(E0160 3)3')0' 1" ')%&6) * ')2, ?'),- 3?0'('&, 1) 0 * ')2, ?'),- ,-'& 7)3')>11-2 B%"2"1')2 !(,)?":) 3')%(, 7)3')>11) 1(<)50'&3> 7)5 !$6);, 5)3'(*%>> $5)*)%&3'*0" 3)*2"3'1):) 3)3$C"3'*)*(10>». M%)5)2 '(6):) 7)5<)5( 0 3'(%( «Divisumma 18» — 3(-2(> 6!(30*(>, 7) 21"104 0'(%&>136); 6!0'060, 206!)JIG * 20!".A!:"1'01360; 50#(;1"! M. @"5"360 6(6-') #(2"'0%, ?') 30%$B'- *"C"; !$,".( 60—70-< :)5)* B3'"'0?"360 7!0*%"6(-'"%&1- ,%0#)3'&4 6 7!0!)51-2 8)!-2(2. L) 7)3'"7"11) 2>:6(> 7%(3'0?-1)3'& 6)1'$!(, )6!$:%)3'& 0 '"6$?"3'& 2(33 *-'"31>%03& *3" ,)%"" 3$<020, !$,%"1-20 8)!2(20, 0 6 6)19$ 70-< :)5)* 0'(%&>1360; 50#(;1 31)*( 3'(% «:")2"'!0?"3602» 0 3'!):02. N$'60; 6 1)*-2 3'0%"*-2 *">10>2 /"%%010 0 #5"3& 3$2"% * 3)*"!E"11) 1)*)2 6%4-?" 5),0'&3> *-5(4C0<3> !"#$%&'(')*. J%"6'!)11(> 70E$C(> 2(E01( O@ 101 (80!2( Olivetti), )'2"?"11(> 7!"20"; DGA= * 1978 :)5$, 7)6(#-*("', 36)%& $')1?"11); 0 5(." «7)B'0?1);»
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60; !(50)7!0-
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Brionvega
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B+*5+.%' 2"!0"."-25 *+&"?5< !$1%
5, @9$!$.%"- 151%$!' «Il Pianeta
Ufficio». K5*!+ Markatre. 1977
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«@%"%, 2+,+9"1( &', 0*"1%"; "&=$2% .+!."8" %*76.$$ 10*"$2%5*"-+%(, ?$! @9$2%*"..'; 2+9(279/%"* 595 19"#.'; 1%+."2, 2+2 @%" .5 0+*+6"21+9(.", ." !$#67 MBG 5 1%79"! *+,.5A+ &"9(:$, ?$! !$#67 1%79"! 5 1"&"*"!».D-"3 0$*-73 0*$!53 «L"9"%"; A5*-279(» ". 0"97?59 - 1962 8"67 ,+ 0*"$2% 1%"9+. E"98"9$%.$$ 1"%*76.5?$1%-" 1 )5*!+!5 Cassina, B&B Italia, 0"1%"-
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66 |||
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!""# "$%&'&""() "$ *(+,-. #/0$1%#* «*(-#.#2# 341$5"$», - #3"#5 -6#0#"(, +0&3-6$*'!'# 740#.#& +#'& 3'! -8&'() 4 3#*#'9"# 3#0#24) :.-+&04-8&"6#*, $ - 30,2#5 — -+#-#/-6*#*$'# *(0$/#6.& /&1,+0&;"#2# *.,-$, ;,6-.#-64 . 6&"3&"%4!8 8&/&'9"#5 8#3(, ;,<3#5 848#'&6"#-64 4 :=&8&0"#-64. >#:6#8, /#'974"-6*# +0#&.6#* 8&-/&'4, -3&'$""() ?&''4"4, #.$1$'4-9 3#'2#*&;"(84 4 * "$-6#!@&& *0&8! 0$--8$604*$A6-! .$. «.'$--4.$» 46$-'9!"-.#2# 341$5"$.B 1967 2#3, ?&''4"4 -+0#&.640#*$' +&0*,A 4 3#'2#& *0&8! #-6$*$*7,-A-! &34"-6*&""#5 8#3&'9 .0&-'$ 4 34*$"$ CAB, * 1977 2#3, #" *"#*9 *&0",'-! . "&5, "# #20$"4;4'-! '479 "&1"$;46&'9"(84 8#34=4.$%4!84. C#8+'&.6( CAB, $ 1$6&8 415 CAB +0#&.640#*$'4-9 .$. 64+#'#24;&-.45 #/0$1 -43&"9! — *&@4, -,@&-6*#-*$*7&5 «4-+#.#" *&.,». D-6$*4* 3$*"# ,-6#!*7,A-! 8#0=#'#24A /&1 418&"&"45, 341$5"&0 +#+(6$'-! *#+'#6469 * "&5 #/0$1 «+0#3#'<&"4! ;&'#*&;&-.#2# 6&'$». C0&-'# 4 34*$" 48&A6 «-.&'&6» 41 -6$'9"() 60,/#.,
«.#<"(5 +#.0#*», -746(5 41 "$6,-0$'9"#5 .#<4 4 .0&+!@45-! . .$0.$-, 1$-6&<.#5-8#'"4&5. >04 :6#8 ?&''4-"4 0&746&'9"# #6.$1$'-! #6 $"60#+#-8#0=418$ * +'$-64.& 413&'45, )#6! 48&""# * :6# *0&8! *-!.#2# 0#3$ «;&-'#*&.#+#3#/"(&» .0&-'$, .0#*$64, :6$<&0.4 /('4 * )#3, , 46$'9!"-.4) 341$5"&0#*. >#*(7&""#& *"48$"4& 341$5"&0$ "& 6#'9.# . ;4-6# =#0-8$'9"#8, #/'4., +0&38&6$, "# 4 . 6#-8,, .$. #" /,3&6 *1$48#3&5-6*#*$69 -# -0&3#5 4 - ;&'#*&.#8, #/,-'#*4'# "&+0&)#3!@45 ,-+&) .#8+'&.6, CAB. D" *(+,-.$&6-! =408#5 Cassina 3# -&2# 3"!, *.'A;&" =408#5 * -+4-#. «8#3&'&5 1988 2#3$».B 8&/&'9"#8 341$5"& ?&''4"4 0$-/#6$&6 8"#2# 4 ,*&0&""#. D*'$3&* /#2$6(8 4"-60,8&"6$04&8 -#*0&8&"-"#2# 341$5"$, #" *-&23$ /&1#74/#;"# "$)#346 6, 20$"9, .#6#0$! #63&'!&6 +#3'4""#& "#*$6#0-6*# #6 «"$)#-3#.» $*$"2$03418$. D" +041"$&6, ;6# * +#-'&3"4& 2#3( 8"#2#8, "$,;4'-! , -64'! «E&8=4-», - $*6#0#8 .#6#-0#2# — F. G#66-$--#8 — &2# -*!1(-*$&6 3$*"!! 6*#0;&-.$! 30,</$, "# +04"!' &2# 3$'&.# "& /&1#2#*#0#;"#. D" ,/&<3&", ;6# "&#/)#348# +#-6#!"-
H4*$" CAB. I408$ Cassina. 1968
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| 67||
|||!" "#$%&'() $ "*!"%&'() '+,- .$+/0!/, !" !1&)+' (12'() 32$ 4("5
67%8(%" 512, $ %2151!$ $ 79".$() "( 21:1!$' !/87;!,9 32"*&15 8"%2151!!"8($. <!(1&&1-(7/&)!,1 «$=2, /%/!=/2.$8(8-"=" ("&--/» 321.8(/%&'>(8' 157 *1+!/.1#!,5$ $ *1885,8&1!!,5$.?/*"(/' 3/2/&&1&)!" $ ".!"%2151!!" % .%79 831@$A$618-$9 32"-1-(!,9 8A12/9 — (19!$618-$ 8&"#!,9 $+.1&$0 $ !1(19!$618-$9 "*B1-("%, C. D1&&$!$ 1;1 % 70-1 ="., &"=$618-$ 3".":1& - 32"*&1-51 $9 «=$*2$./», 3"2"#.1!!"=" !/76!"-(19!$618-$5 32"=2188"5. E(" — -"!("28-/' 51*1&), %12!11, "*"27."%/!$1 2/*"61=" 518(/ 8&7#/;1=" 8"%2151!!"=" *>2". F8&$ (19!$618-$1 "*B1-(, 3" 82/%-!1!$> 8 !1(19!$618-$5$ (!/32$512, EGC $ 51*1&)) 321.8(/%&'>(8' 32"1-(!"0 +/./610 *"&11 %,8"-"=" 72"%!' 8&"#!"8($ % 8$&7 (19-!"&"=$618-"0 !"%$+!, $ !/=27#1!!"8($ -7&)(72!,5$ +!/61!$'5$, (" 8"%2151!!/' -"!("28-/' «51*1&)», % -"("2"0 8&$&$8) $ %#$&$8) .27= % .27=/ 51*1&) $ 5/:$!/,— "*B1-( %,8:10 8&"#!"8($. H2/-.$@$"!!"1 21:1!$1 -"!("28-"0 51*1&$ %" 5!"="5 .$-("%/&"8) A7!-@$10 92/!1!$' % 11 15-"8('9 ."-751!("%, .1&"%,9 *75/=. <51!!" 8 4($9 3"+$@$0 $ *,&/ 832"1-($2"%/!/ D1&&$!$ % 1977 =".7 8$8(15/ «Il Pianeta Ufficio» («I&/!1(/ J"!("2/») .&' A$25, Markatre, % -"("27> %9".$&$ 8("&,, 15-"8($ .&' 92/!1!$' ."--751!(/@$$ (8(7&)' $ -218&/ .$+/0!12 %,*2/& $+ 7#1 %,378-/%-:$98' 812$0!"). E(" *,& 321-2/8!,0 "*2/+1@ 51*1&$ .&' *>2" «."-"53)>(12!"0» 43"9$. K" (1312) 2/+%$%/>(8' «*1+*75/#!,1» -"!("2,. I"-/ D1&&$!$ "=2/!$6$%/1(8' 32"1-(/5$ "(.1&)!,9 321.51("%. E(", !/32$512, %18)5/ 7./6!/' 32"*/ 8$& % 32"1-($2"-%/!$$ -"!("28-$9 8(7&)1% $ -2181&, %,3"&!1!!,9 $5 .&' A$25, Vitra (L?M). I" 8%"$5 -"5A"2(!,5 8%"08(%/5 "!$ !1 "(&$6/>(8' "( .27=$9 8"%2151!!,9 5".1&10: $9 -"!8(27-@$' ."378-/1( $!-.$%$.7/&)!7> 3".="!-7, %"+5"#!"8() 851!, 3"+. N.!/-" .$+/0-!127 7./&"8), $83"&)+7' "*$%-7 $ 8B15!,1 619&, $+ (-/!$ $&$
J218&" $ 8(7& CAB.
L$25/ Cassina. 1982 $ 1976
!"#$% &'(($)$
68 |||
|||
!"#$%"&'!() *(+,, -%,."#' ./&(012 3,./!'42 «.(2"5!,)» 0,.. 6 0(# 3#(& «Forum» .&4 %$*(0(.47,8 %"9(#!,*(0 0135/:( ;0/!" — -(+"&$), /.,!3-#0/!!"4 %"9(#" </&&,!,, 0 *(#(%() (! (#."& ."!' -(3#2(./%!,;2$. =";0(.*" 3,&(0() , 3&"9(#(>!() 3/#/) 3*%1#" 0 *(&(!!((9%";!18 #$29"8 3#(&", !"0/0"?7,8 213&' (9 "!#,>!(2 =,2/, -(. 9(*(012, 2%"2(%!12, -"!/&42, 3#(&/5!,@1.
A"* , 9(&'5,!3#0( ,#"&'4!3*,8 .,;")-!/%(0 B. </&&,!, — 2"3#/% 5,%(*(:( -%(C,&4. D(&:,/ :(.1 (! ;"3&$+/!!( 3>,#"&34, !"%4.$ 3 6. A"3#,&'(!/, E. B".+,3#%/##,, F. 6$&/!#,, 6. B"!-.+"%(##,, (.!,2 ,; ;"*(!(."#/&/) 2(.1 0 .,;")!/ 30/#,&'!,*(0. G:( -%(-/*#1 (#&,>"&, 9/;:%"!,>!"4 C"!#";,4, -&"3#,>/3*(/ 2!(:((9%";,/ , !/,;-2/!!(/ >$03#0( 2/%1. B!(:(>,3&/!-!1/ -%(/*#1 91#(0() %".,("--"%"#$-%1, #/&/0,;(%(0, (9(%$.(0"!,4 .&4 (97/3#0/!!(:( -,#"!,4, (C(%2&/!,/ 013#"0(* , ,!#/%'/%(0 #(%:(018 ;"&(0, *$8(!!"4 #/8!,*" , #,-(01/ 3#%(,#/&'-
!1/ *(!3#%$*@,, — 03/ H#( #(+/ 08(.,# 0 #0(%>/3*,) .,"-";(! B"%,( </&&,!,. I0(%>/3#0( </&&,!, — 9&,3#"#/&'!(/ 0(-&(7/!,/ (.!() ,; (3!(0!18 (3(-9/!!(3#/) ,#"&'4!3*(:( .,;")!" — /:( "%#,3#,>!(3#,.J( -%(/*#!"4 %"9(#" , %$*(0(.3-#0( .,;")!/%3*,2 9?%(, 0 *(#(%(2 #/-/%' !"3>,#10"/#34 9(&// 80 >/&(0/* , :./ 01-(&!4?#34 ;"*";1 ,#"&'4!3*,8, C%"!@$;3*,8, 4-(!3*,8, ;"-".!(:/%2"!3*,8 C,%2, !/ ,3>/%--10"?# 2!(:(:%"!!() ./4#/&'!(3#, </&&,!,. K! 2!(:( %"9(#"/# !". #/(%/#,>/3*,2, , 2/#(.,>/3*,2, -%(9&/2"2, .,;")!". L!#/%/3!(, >#( , #/(%/#,* (! — #,-,>!( ,#"&'-4!3*,). M !/:( !/# *%$-!18 %"9(#, C$!."2/!#"&'!18 ,33&/.(0"!,). J( 0 .,;")!/ 3((#!(5/!,/ #/(%,, , -%"*-#,*, (3(9(/. «N./3',— *"* 3*";"& !" -%/33-*(!C/%/!@,, 0 I9,&,3, 0 1968 :(.$ ,;0/3#!1) ,#"&'4!3*,) *%,#,* D+. A. 6%:"!,— *(!*%/#!"4 -%"*#,-*" — !/ -%(3#(/ 0(-&(7/!,/ *"*(-:(-&,9( ,; -%,!@,-(0 (97/) #/(%,,, ", 3*(%//, «(-/%/+/!,/ -%,!@,-(0» 0 *(!*%/#!(2 %/5/!,,». 6%:"! #(:." !"3#",0"& !" #(2, >#( !/ #/(%/#,*,
A%/3&( .&4
C,%21 Vitra
B4:*(/ *%/3&(
«Bambole»
O,%2" E&E
Italia. 1972
!. "#$%&
| 69||
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!,.(/%( 4" ")%"@'%,- 3 (+<,)'3)=+' =)5'+!,#06 5 4'+,"! 4+"B'00,"-%(#*%";" 0(1""4+'!'#'%,6 !,.(/%(, 9'##,%, %(0)(,5(# %( %'"8<"!,1"0), +(!,3(#*%&< ,.1'%'%,/ 5 4+,%?,4(< , =0)(%"53(< !,.(/%(. C(04+"0)+(-%'%%&/ 5.;#6! %( !,.(/% 3(3 %( +(.-+(8")3= D#'1'%)"5 «"8"+=!"5(%,6» "3+=$(-:'/ 0+'!&, ),+($,+='1&< ,%!=0)+,(#*%&1, 1')"!(1,, 04"0"80-)5=') 4"0)"6%%"1= %(+(0)(%,- ")7=$-!'%,6 4+'!1')%";" 1,+( ") 7'#"5'3(. 9'##,%, =8'$!'%, 7)" 4+"),5"0)"6)* 4+"?'00= ")7=$!'%,6 04"0"8'% )"#*3" 4'+'<"! 3 "+;(%,7'03"1= 4+"'3),+"5(-
A;#"5"/ !,5(% %,- 0%(7(#( ")!'#*%&< ."% (;"+"!03,< =#,?, $,#,:(, 1'0) )+=!( , ")!&<(), (.()'1 , 50'/ "3+=$(-:'/ 0+'!& 0 =7')"1 04'?,B,3, 3"%3+')%&< ),4"5 4"5'!'%,6 , 0"?,(#*%&< 4")+'8%"0)'/. >% +(001()+,5(') !,.(/%-4+"'3),-+"5(%,' 3(3 0"5"3=4%"0)* +(.#,7%&< (04'3)"5 '!,%"/ )'1& 4+"'3),+"5(-%,6 — «"8,)('1"/» 0+'!& 5 @,+"3"1 01&0#' 0#"5(. E)" $' 3(0(')06 )"/ 7(0-), 4+'!1')%"-4+"0)+(%0)5'%%"/ 0+'!&, 3")"+(6 %'4"0+'!0)5'%%" 0"4+6$'%( 0 «3=#*)=+"/ "8,)(%,6»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«!,.(/%» , «0)(/#,%;» 5 ,0)"+,7'03"/ 4'+04'3-),5' 1"!,B,3(?,, ,< 01&0#(, 5&0)=-4(6 4+"),5 ,< .(=$'%%";" )"#3"5(%,6, 3")"+"', 4" ';" 1%'%,-, "8'!%6') 6.&3 !,.(/%(. >05"'%,' 1,+"5&< 3=#*)=+-%&< )+(!,?,/ , +(0@,+'%,' 0B'+& !,.(/%-!'6)'#*%"0), .( 07') 1'$!,0-?,4#,%(+%&< )'%!'%?,/ "8=0#"5,#, 4"#,0),#,0),7'03=- "+,'%)(?,- 0"5-+'1'%%";" !,.(/%(, , ';" ,!'/%"-1'-)"!"#";,7'03,' =0)(%"53, %'"8<"!,1" +(.+(8()&5()* 0 =7')"1 D)";" B(3)(.9'##,%, =3(.&5(') %( %'5".1"$-%"0)* 1'<(%,7'03";" 4'+'%"0(
2(0)"#*%&/
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«Divisumma 28».
I,+1( Olivetti.
1974. >8:,/ 5,!
, B+(;1'%)&
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70 |||
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!"#$%&"'()%$*+", -%)"&"$".// 01+-23/"+($/4-( +( /)($*5+#216 !"7'1 ' #/$1 (8)/#)/7%#2"." / /+)1/)/'/#)-#2"." 9(8(2)%8( /)($*5+#2"." &/4(,-+(. :"2(4()%$*+", 7)" %;% ' 60-% ."&< ' !8")/'"'%# -%)"&/7%#2", «)%"8// 0"8-<», ' '"4-"=+"#)/ #"4&(+/5 2")"8", "+ 1=% )".&( #"-+%'($#5, >%$$/+/ '<&'/+1$ !"+5)/% «!"?)/2/ 0"8-<», 9")5 7%)2"." / "&+"4+(7+"-." %." )"$2"'(+/5 +% #0"8-1$/8"'($. @&+(2" '#5 %." 8(A")( #'/&%)%$*#)'1-%), 7)" /-%++" «!"?)/2(»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
1)'%8&/)* +( '%+%3/(+#2/9 218#(9 2"+3%!3/6 +%!8%8<'+"." 8(4'/)/5 / #(-"8(4'/)/5 )'"87%#2/9 !")%+3/, $/7+"#)/ '4(-%+ )8(&/3/"++", 2"+-3%!3// "A17%+/5 1=% /4'%#)+<- 4+(-+/5-, +('<2(- / 1-%+/5- "2(4($/#* );%)+<-/. E ' 1970 ."&1 #1;%#)'"'('-F/% &/4(,+%8#2/% 17%A+<% 4('%&%+/5 A<$/ ' G)($// 1!8(4&+%+<. :" #$"'(- '/&+"." &/4(,+%8(, /#)"8/2( / )%"8%-)/2( B. H8%."))/, «/-%++" ' )" '8%-5, 2".&( '%$/#* #%8*%4+<% &/#21##// "A /9 !"$*4%, !8".8(--(9, 8(4-%;%+// /!8., '$(#)/ 8%F/$/ !8"#)" 1!8(4&+/)* /9 / #+5$/ '"!8"# # "A#1=&%+/5, +% 4+(5, 2(2 %." 8%F/)*»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— ?)" !"!<)2( #2"+-3%+)8/8"'()* !%&(."./7%#2/, !")%+-3/($, 4(2$67%++<, ' #(-"- 0%+"-%+%
I%-"+#)8(3/"+-
+<, 4($ 0/8-<
Cassina
' J/$(+%.
1969
!. "#$%&
| 71||
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