Β ΕΠΑΛ Αρχές Προγραμματισμού Υπολογιστών
DESCRIPTION
Β ΕΠΑΛ Αρχές Προγραμματισμού ΥπολογιστώνTRANSCRIPT
-
[ 1 ]
., ., ., ., ., .
&
..
-
:
,
:
:
:
,
,
,
,
,
,
:
,
,
:
, ...
, MSc
,
: /....
-
[ 3 ]
() , ' ' .. ' ' .. , .
.. , .
'
( 2015-16)
'
( 2016-17)
1.
* *
(- )
2. * *
(- )
3.
* *
(- )
4. * *
(- )
5. * -
6. * -
7 - *
8. * *
9.
- *
10. - *
11.
- *
12 - *
13. API
* *
14.
- *
, .
, ,
-
- '
[ 4 ]
. , . , , . , , , .
, , . , . , , Python, , .
-
- '
[ 5 ]
1. ........................... 12
1.1 .......... 12
1.2 ................. 13
1.2.1 - .......................................................................................... 16
1.3 / ......................................... 16
1.3.1 / ................................. 17
1.4 .................................................................................................. 17
1.5 ......................................................................................... 18
1.5.1 1: ..................................... 18
1.5.2 2: , . ........................ 18
1.5.3 3: ....... 19
1.5.4 4: ............................................................................. 19
1.6 ............................................................................................. 20
1.7 - ............................................................................. 20
2. ................... 24
2.1 / ......................................... 24
2.1.1 .................................................................. 24
2.1.2 ................................................................................ 25
2.2 ..................................................................................................... 25
2.2.1 ....................................................... 26
2.2.2 ............................................................. 26
2.2.3 ................................ 27
2.2.4 ................ 28
2.2.5 : ............................................................................. 28
2.3 .................................................... 28
2.3.1 . ......................................................................... 29
.............................................................................................................. 30
....................................................................................... 31
-
- '
[ 6 ]
3. ............................. 34
3.1 ..................................................................................................... 35
3.1.1 Linux .................................. 35
3.1.2 IDLE Python MS-Windows .................................. 36
3.2 ............................................................. 37
3.2.1 ................................................................................ 37
3.2.2 ........................................................................................ 38
3.2.3 38
3.2.4 3.1 ........................................................................................ 40
3.2.5 3.2 ........................................................................................ 40
3.2.6 ...................................................... 41
3.3 , , .................. 42
3.3.1 3.3. ...................... 43
3.3.2 ................................................................................. 44
3.4 () ................................................... 44
3.5 ................................................ 46
3.5.1 3.4: Python .... 46
3.6 , ......... 47
3.6.1 ........................................................ 47
3.6.2 ............................................ 47
............................................................................................ 48
......................................................................................................... 49
........................................................................................................ 49
4. ....................................................................... 52
4.1 - .............................. 53
4.1.1 .......................................................................................... 53
4.1.2 if () ....................................................................... 53
4.1.3 (for while) ...................................................... 56
4.1.4 while ( )59
4.2 ............................................................................................... 61
4.2.1 ....................................... 61
4.2.2 ............................................................................................ 62
4.2.3 ......................................................................... 63
4.2.4 ................................................................................... 63
-
- '
[ 7 ]
4.2.5 ................................................................. 64
4.3 .................................................... 67
4.3.1 1 .............................................................................. 67
4.3.2 2 .............................................................................. 67
4.3.3 3 .............................................................................. 67
4.3.4 4 .............................................................................. 67
4.3.5 5 .............................................................................. 67
4.3.6 6 .............................................................................. 68
4.3.7 7 .............................................................................. 68
4.3.8 8 .............................................................................. 68
4.3.9 9 .............................................................................. 68
4.3.10 10 ............................................................................ 68
........................................................................................... 68
...................................................................................... 68
........................................................................................................ 69
5. ......................................................................... 72
5.1 ............................................... 72
5.2 (str) ................................................................................... 73
5.3 .......................................................................... 76
5.3.1 1 ...................................... 77
5.3.2 2 ...................................... 77
5.3.3 3 .............................................. 78
5.3.4 4 .............................................. 78
5.3.5 5 .............................................. 80
5.3.6 6 .............................................. 80
5.4 ...................................................................................................... 81
5.5 ....................................................................................................... 82
5.6 .................................................................................................... 82
5.7 ........................................................................................................ 83
5.8 ...................................................................... 85
5.8.1 1: ............................ 85
5.8.2 2 .............................................................................. 85
5.8.3 3 .............................................................................. 85
5.8.4 4 .............................................................................. 85
5.8.5 5 .............................................................................. 85
-
- '
[ 8 ]
5.8.6 6 .............................................................................. 85
5.8.7 7: .................................. 86
5.8.8 8: ...... 86
5.8.9 9: ....................................... 87
5.8.10 10 ............................................................................ 87
5.8.11 11 ............................................................................ 87
5.8.12 12 ............................................................................ 87
5.8.13 13 ............................................................................ 87
.............................................................................................................. 87
...................................................................................... 88
........................................................................................................ 88
6. .................................................................. 92
6.1 ................................................. 92
6.2 ................................................................................. 93
6.3 ............................................................................ 94
6.4 ....................................................................... 96
6.4.1 1: .............................. 96
6.4.2 2 .............................................................................. 96
6.4.3 3 .............................................................................. 97
6.4.4 4 .............................................................................. 97
6.4.5 5 .............................................................................. 97
6.4.6 6 .............................................................................. 97
6.4.7 7 .............................................................................. 97
6.4.8 8 .............................................................................. 97
6.4.9 9 .............................................................................. 97
........................................................................................................ 98
7. ..................................................................... 102
7.1 ................................................................................................. 102
7.1.1 ...................................................... 104
7.2 .................................................................. 105
7.2.1 1 ............................................................................ 105
7.2.2 2 ............................................................................ 106
7.3 ............................................................. 107
7.4 .................................................................... 108
............................................................................................... 108
-
- '
[ 9 ]
............................................................................................................ 109
.................................................................................... 109
- ....................................................................................... 109
8. API ........ 112
8.1 ................................................................................................. 112
8.2 - ...................... 112
8.2.1 .................................................. 114
8.3 Tkinter GUI Python 115
8.4 ................................................. 117
8.4.1 1 ............................................................................ 117
8.4.2 2 ............................................................................ 117
8.4.3 3 ............................................................................ 118
8.4.4 4: ............................... 118
8.4.5 5: .......................... 118
8.4.6 6: 118
................................................................................................................... 119
-
- '
[ 10 ]
-
- '
[ 11 ]
1
-
- '
[ 12 ]
1.
:
,
- (, ).
: , , , , , .
: , , .
, , , .
1.1
. , .
, , , . , . : , , , .
. . . .
.
-
- '
[ 13 ]
. , () . . . . .
. .
.
, . .
1 .
, ( ) . .
1.2
() . ( -Top Down), ( -Bottom Up), (Mixed) .
(Top Down problem solving) .
:
1. .
2. , .
3. , .
.
-
- '
[ 14 ]
.
. " ". :
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
. .
(1) , :
(1.1) .
(1.2) , .
(1.3) "".
(2) ,
:
(2.1) .
(2.2) .
(2.3) .
(3) , :
(3.1) .
(3.2) .
(1.1) :
(1.1.1) .
(1.1.2) .
(1.1.3) .
(1.2), :
(1.2.1) .
(1.2.2) .
-
- '
[ 15 ]
(1.2.3) .
, . . , .
, . , :
.
.
. , .
1.1.
. 1.1. " "
. , .
-
- '
[ 16 ]
1.2.1 -
. , :
( ).
.
. : , ;
.
, . . : ; .
.
. : ; ;
, . ;
. . ( ) . , . , . , , , .
1.3 /
. :
-
- '
[ 17 ]
, . , .
(diagramming techniques), . , , (flow chart).
(coding), .
. .
, . Python.
.. ..
1.3.1 /
, . , , , , . , .
4.4 .. .., .. .. : .. .. ..
1.4
;
;
;
;
-
- '
[ 18 ]
1.5
1.5.1 1:
:
:
;
;
;
;
;
, .
.
: .
1.
100 . 10 . 9 . , ;
2.
. ; (>0) , ;
1.5.2 2: , .
5 . : . :
, , , . .
.
.
: .
-
- '
[ 19 ]
wiki (http://eclass.sch.gr/). : .
:
(http://www.0-18.gr). , http://www.0-18.gr/gia-paidia/nea/syntagi-gia-asfali-ploigisi-sto-internet ( 16/07/2015).
, , , (http://www.saferinternet.gr, 16/07/2015).
: (http://internet-safety.sch.gr/, 16/07/2015).
1.5.3 3:
quiz :
1. . ( Cmap-tool http://cmaptools.en.softonic.com/) .
2. , ( ) : , , ..
3. , . . . , .
1.5.4 4:
. , , ( , , ..) , 20 25 C .
, .
-
- '
[ 20 ]
.
, . ; ;
: , ;
: .
1.6
1.3 ..
1.7 -
, ( 21 ) , 9: , , ..., (..), 2015.
Computer Science Unplugged: http://www.csunplugged.org ( 12/07/2015).
: http://games.thinkingmyself.com/ ( 12/07/2015).
. O Wolfram Demonstrations Project, Stephen Wolfram. / , , , . Wolfram CDF Player ( ). (on-line) -browser.
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/topics.html?Algorithms#123 ( 15/07/2015)
: http://www.teaching-materials.org/algorithms/ ( 05/01/2015).
-
- '
[ 21 ]
- . ( 05/07/2015) http://photodentro.edu.gr/lor/subject-search?locale=el
on-line https://www.gliffy.com ( 15/07/2015).
( Cmap-tool http://cmaptools.en.softonic.com/, 15/07/2015).
-
- '
[ 22 ]
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
......................
..
..
..
..
-
- '
[ 23 ]
2
-
- '
[ 24 ]
2.
:
(, ).
, , , , .
2.1 /
, .
() (Waterfall model) (Spiral model).
2.1.1
:
.
-
- '
[ 25 ]
2.1.2
, ... .
, , " " (program development life cycle-PDLC).
, :
.
.
.
.
.
:
) , .., , -
) , . ., , 17, ' , 18, .
2.2
1960 .
-
- '
[ 26 ]
, (programming paradigms).
:
(imperative programming).
(declarative programing).
2.2.1
, , . , Cobol, Fortran, Pascal, C ..
2.2.1.1
, goto, ( - unstructured programming). (structured programming), (blocks) , if-then-else.
(procedural programming) , , , (procedures). - Pascal, 1970.
(object-oriented programming) , , , .
2.2.2
(declarative programming paradigm) , . , .
(functional programming) , Lisp, Logo ..
(logic programming) . .
, . HTML (HyperText Markup Language), - SQL
-
- '
[ 27 ]
(Structured Query Language) , (RDBMS-Relational Database Management System).
2.2.3
, , .
(parallel programming), .
(event-driven programming). , . (events), . Microsoft Visual-Basic.
(visual programming). , , . (icon-based languages), (diagram languages) (form based languages).
Authorware Adobe, Kodu Microsoft Alice MIT Scratch.
(script programming) , . , .
(modular programming), . , ... , . (module) .
, . , , , . (top down design).
-
- '
[ 28 ]
: , ., , 7, 3 (7.3) .
2.2.4
Pascal. .
Visual Basic (http://www.microsoft.com). , .
C++. C. , -.
Java. .
Python (http://python.org/about/). , , .
Prolog (Programming in Logic). .
2.2.5 :
1. , .
2. , .
3. , . (multiparadigm environments).
. , : Object Pascal - Apple Computer, Delphi Borland 2006, C, C#, C++, Java, Eiffel, Kodu Microsoft, AppInventor, Greenfoot.
2.3
(Object-oriented programming - OOP). (Class), (Objects), (Properties) (Methods).
' " " ., . 11 11.1 11.2.
-
- '
[ 29 ]
1
:
: , , ,
: ,
, 1" : : ", : 10000, : 4, : 0 km/h, 2" : : , : 4000, : 2, : 0 km/h. , 1 2, . . , .
2
:
: ,
: ,
1 . , . . , .
2.3.1 .
(.. www.sploder.com) :
3 , 2 . 2 . . , (terrains) .
:
1: , . ( ).
-
- '
[ 30 ]
2: . .
. ;
.
; v ;
3:
; ; ;
4: :
; ;
;
;
, ;
; ;
;
, , ;
5: .
;
;
;
;
;
-
- '
[ 31 ]
, ., , 7, 3 (7.3)
, .., , -
, . ., , 17. ' 18. .
-
- '
[ 32 ]
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
-
- '
[ 33 ]
3
-
- '
[ 34 ]
3.
:
Python
Python
Python, , , ,
Python
.
, , , , , , , , , .
Python. , , , , , . , , . C++, Java, Perl, Ruby, Processing.
, . - "", .
Python, , , . Python , , .
-
- '
[ 35 ]
, , .
Python, , - , , . , . , .
. . , . , . , .
3.1
Python, . , :
Python
.
Python () . 2.7.10 Python.
To IDLE (Integrated Development Environment) Python , , , S Windows, Linux, MAC OS X.
3.1.1 Linux
, Linux Python o. , (Software Centre) ( UBUNTU).
-
- '
[ 36 ]
3.1.2 IDLE Python MS-Windows
IDLE Python https://www.python.org/. (2.7.10), Windows , . . : Python IDLE ( 3.1).
3.1: IDLE
IDLE , . , , >>>.
T Python Shell, ( >>>) .
:
: , !. print, () .
>>> print ", !"
, !
Python, , , FileSave As (, ) . , . Python. / File (Open), . Python .py.
(editor) IDLE . :
-
- '
[ 37 ]
File (New File), ,
(Save, .py),
RunRun Module ( F5), Python Shell.
3.2
3.2.1
"_" . , ( barcode reader). . Python .
Python , (booleans) ( strings)
Python : (integers), (floating point) (complex numbers) ( ' ).
3, ( ).
3.14 28.2E-5, E 10, ( floats ). , 28.2.3E-5 28.2 * 10-5.
, (-2+3j).
(boolean) , True () False () .
. " ". , Unicode. , ' ! " !", . .
(). 34 + 56 3.14*8.
-
- '
[ 38 ]
3.2.2
. .
, . . . . . , , supermarket. . "" , , ..
. . . bit (0,1) . bits . , , , .
Python , . , (, , , ..).
3.2.3
, . Python . , . , onoma1, onoma_2, timi, mesi_timi, embado .. Python , .
= . . To = , . =234 234 ( ) .
-
- '
[ 39 ]
print ( print a 234).
:
>>>x = 10 # 10 x
>>>print x # x
10
>>>x=x+15
# x 15 x
>>>print x
25
>>>x=x *0.1
# x 0.1 x.
>>>print x
2.5
>>>print x*100
250.0
>>>onoma = # onoma
>>>print onoma
>>> metavliti1=metavliti2=metavliti3=15 # 15
>>>x, y=10, 18
>>>print x,y
10 20
>>>x, y, z = 10, 20, # 10 x, 20 y z.
>>>print x,y,z
10 20
>>>print + z
-
- '
[ 40 ]
3.2.4 3.1
x 12 y 20. x (2) ( ) 12 (). y (3) ( ) 20 (). , x ( B(2)) y y ( (3)) x.
. Python, x, y .
, ( ).
3.2.5 3.2
Python:
( #).
arithmos, 1.234 ( ).
arithmos_tetragwno, arithmos.
arithmos, arithmos_tetragwno.
logikh, True.
paixnidia, 10.
paixnidia, (paixnidia == 8, paixnidia > 8, paixnidia == 8 or paixnidia == 10, paixnidia ==9 and paixnidia == 10).
.
>>> #
>>> arithmos = 1.234
>>> arithmos_tetragwno = arithmos ** 2
>>> print arithmos, arithmos_tetragwno
: 1.234 1.522756
>>> logikh = True
>>> print logikh
: True
>>> paixnidia = 10
-
- '
[ 41 ]
>>> paixnidia == 8
False
>>> paixnidia == 8 or paixnidia == 10
True
>>> not paixnidia == 8
True
>>> paixnidia >= 8
True
>>> paixnidia != 8
True
>>> paixnidia >>
not, or and . , .
3.2.6
, .
. Python.
x = 45
x = 45.5
print x
print x + x
-
- '
[ 42 ]
x= ""
y = ""
print "", y, "", x
print "", x + y
x = 12
print x + 3
x = 26
x = y = z = 23
print x, y, z
x = y = ""
print x, y
x , y, z = "","", 2
print x, y, z
print x, y * z
x , y = 8, 12
print x, y
a = 010
print a
a = 0xA
print a
3.3 , ,
, Python.
(Arithmetic operations): +, -, *, /, **, %
: ==, !=, , =
: not, or, and,
-
- '
[ 43 ]
P Q P and Q P or Q Not P
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE
TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE
FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE
FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE
3.3.1 3.3.
.
Python.
.
Python.
2 + 3
3560 130
5 * 3 + 2
5 * (3 + 2)
5 * (3 + 2) / 10
3 * 3.75 / 1.5
5 ** 2
3 ** 4
.......
: , Python; .
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
-
- '
[ 44 ]
Python; ; .
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
3.3.2
Python.
print, , : print _, print , print , print onoma_ ()
=, : _= .
, , .
_= input()
x = input(" : " )
raw_input:
name = raw_input( : )
raw_input input . input .
, , #. .
3.4 ()
Python .
Python, :
float() .
int()
abs()
pow(a,b)
H divmod(x,y) x/y
-
- '
[ 45 ]
>>> float (10)
10.0
>>> int(5.678)
5
>>> abs(-45)
45
>>> divmod (10,3)
(3, 1)
>>> pow (2,3)
8
# input() int()
a=int(input( :))
>>> a=int(input(' : '))
: 2345.10 # 2345.10
>>> print a
2345 #
Python.
Python (math module) . (module) . , : >>> import math.
, . (dot notation). sqrt().
>>>import math
>>> riza=math.sqrt(2)
>>> print riza
1.41421356237
-
- '
[ 46 ]
>>> math.sqrt(3)
1.7320508075688772
>>> x=math.pi
>>> print x
3.14159265359
() python, . project . . .
3.5
Python. , ( #) . , Python . ( , ).
3.5.1 3.4: Python
10 15. = (*)/2. Python.
Python
_
10
15
(*)/2
#
BASH = 10
YPSOS = 15
EMBADO = (BASH * YPSOS)/ 2
print 'TO EMBA : ', EMBADO
-
- '
[ 47 ]
:,
_
:
TO EMBA : 75
Python, . , . .
3.6 ,
3.6.1
, (CPU) . :
(compilers)
(interpreters).
, . , . , (source code), , (executable). , .
Python . : (interactive mode) (script mode). , Python :
>>> 15 + 1
16
, >>>, (prompt) . 15 + 1, , 16. , , .
3.6.2
:
-
- '
[ 48 ]
, Python . , ( ). , . : print print SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal.
, . . : , ..
, . , , , . : , .
, :
. Python . Print print.
. ( , ).
_ - .
.
(),{},[].
, Python .
, .
Python ( 2 3), .
Python;
;
Python;
(boolean) ;
Python ;
-
- '
[ 49 ]
;
Python;
;
;
. ., o , . (2013) Python, , .
, ., (2010), Taspython. Python B, . Python , TasPython.
Downey, A. (2012) Think Python, How to think like a computer scientist, O Reilly. http://www.greenteapress.com/thinkPython/. .
Swaroop, C., H. (2013) A byte of Python, http://www.swaroopch.com/notes/Python/ Creative Commons Attributions ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Ubuntu. http://ubuntu-gr.org/ .
, ( 21 ) , 9: , , ..., (..), 2015.
Python, https://www.Python.org/ ( 10/07/2015)
Python, http://www.Pythonschool.net/ ( 09/07/2015)
, http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python ( 4/07/2015)
-
- '
[ 50 ]
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-
- '
[ 51 ]
4
-
- '
[ 52 ]
4.
:
, , , .
Python.
Python.
.
, , , , .
Python. , . , , . , :
: . (, , barcode, ) ( , usb flash memory, DVD) . input(), .
: . (, , ), , , . , , , .
: , . / , . , Python print.
-
- '
[ 53 ]
4.1 -
4.1.1
, .
4.1.1.1 :
(Ohm) V =220 Volt R= 25 ohm.
#
V = 220
R = 25
I = V / R
print (" H :", I, " A")
4.1.2 if ()
, , if (AN) . if , if if.
If :
# if
#
#
a=int(input(' '))
if a
-
- '
[ 54 ]
_ :
if :
#
else:
#
: , , ( ) . .
Python elif. :
if :
elif :
else:
4.1.2.1 : _
. 18 , .
Python
:
age
A age >= 18 T
_
age = input (" : ")
if age >= 18:
print(" ")
else:
print(" ")
-
- '
[ 55 ]
4.1.2.2 : -
) .
;
6, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20;
25; .
) , .
#
test = input(' :')
if test= 18:
print ' '
# 18
-
- '
[ 56 ]
4.1.2.3 : - ,
32 , , 16 , .
temperature = int(input(" ; "))
if temperature >= 32:
print(" ")
elif temperature 0:
print(" ")
else:
print(" 0")
4.1.3 (for while)
, . :
, .
, .
-
- '
[ 57 ]
, . . , for while , Python.
for . range().
for onoma_metavlitis in range (, , ):
1
2
..
: For
(5) !
for metritis in range (5):
print " !"
4.1.3.1 range
H range() Python, , , .
range (, , ), , , . , , . .
4.1.3.2
range Python . :
range(10) : [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9].
range(1, 8) : [1,2,3,4,5,7]
range(0, 35, 5) : [0,5,10,15,20,25,30]
range(8, -1, -1) [8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
-
- '
[ 58 ]
4.1.3.3 : for
for
) Python .
Python
Sum 0
i 1 5
x
Sum Sum+x
_
Sum
_
sum = 0
for i in range(5):
x = int(input(" : " ))
sum = x + sum
print('To ', sum)
) Python 1+2+3+...+100
Python
Sum 0
i 1 100
Sum Sum+i
_
Sum
#
sum = 0
for i in range(1, 101):
sum = sum + i
print(sum)
) Python :
1+1*2+1*2*3++1*2*3**
-
- '
[ 59 ]
4.1.4 while ( )
O while , , .
While _ :
1
2
.
1: , . .
2: while , .
4.1.4.1 : while
while
) , while, 2.
Python
Sum 0
I 1
#
sum = 0 #
i=1 #
-
- '
[ 60 ]
I
-
- '
[ 61 ]
print(" . ")
metriti = metriti + 1
print (" M ", metriti, " ")
4.1.4.3 :
.
thenum = random.randint(1,100)
print " 1 100."
print " ;"
guess = 0
while guess != thenum:
guess=input(" : ")
if guess>thenum:
print " "
if guess
-
- '
[ 62 ]
(:). :
def tragouda ():
print('! ! ! ')
#
tragouda() #
tragouda() #
tragouda . tragouda , ' . , . , . epanalave_tragouda(), tragouda . . epanalave_tragouda(), 4 .
def epanalave_tragouda():
tragouda()
tragouda()
#
epanalave_tragouda()
def epanalave_4fores():
epanalave_tragouda()
epanalave_tragouda()
#
epanalave_4fores()
4.2.2
Python. , :
-
- '
[ 63 ]
>>> def print2():
print ********
print ********
>>> print2()
********
********
>>> def print2():
print ********
print ********
********
>>> print2()
********
, print . . , .. _, end_def .. , , .
4.2.3
Python :
def ( [ { } ] ):
[ return ]
[ ] . . .
4.2.4
, , add times3 :
def add(arg1, arg2):
result = arg1+arg2
return result
def times3(arg):
ginomeno = 3*arg
return ginomeno
>>> add(10, 18)
28
>>> add(10, 18.5)
28.5
>>> times3(10)
30
-
- '
[ 64 ]
, .
>>> times3(2.5)
7.5
>>> times3(python)
python python python
>>> times3( times3( 9 ) )
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
>>> times3(add(add(ab,ba), ))
abba abba abba
, , .
4.2.5
, , . , .
. . : , .
, math.pi . , math.pow, , .
def ginomeno (a,b):
x = a * b
return x
print (ginomeno(5,10))
: Python (call-by-value), ,
-
- '
[ 65 ]
- , :
def increment(a, b):
a = a + 1
b = b + 1
return a+b
#
z = 1
w = 2
q = increment( z, w )
print z, w, q
1 2 5
z, w ( ) increment, q. .
4.2.5.1 - 1
Python .
printPython3, Python (3) . printPython9, Python (9) .
def printPython3():
print Python
print Python
print Python
def printPython9():
print Python
print Python
print Python
print Python
print Python
print Python
print Python
print Python
print Python
printPython9 ;
-
- '
[ 66 ]
21 Python, printPython3() printPython9().
4.2.5.2 - 2 ( )
Python
def printPython3():
for i in range(3):
print Python
def printPython12():
for i in range(12):
print Python
def printPython100():
for i in range(100):
print Python
printPython Python :
def printPython( ____ ):
for i in range( N ):
print Python
>>> printPython(3)
>>> printPython(9)
>>> printPython(21)
>>> printPython(100)
;
;
4.2.5.3 - 3 ( )
, .
4.2.5.4 - 4
Python . :
#
def add(arg1, arg2):
result = arg1+arg2
return result
def times3(arg):
result = 3*arg
return result
#
add(10, 18)
add(10, 18.5)
add(Python , 3.4)
-
- '
[ 67 ]
times3(100)
times3(2.5)
times3(Python)
, .
4.3
4.3.1 1
Python . .
4.3.2 2
Python r (2*r), (2**r) (*r2). , ( : ).
4.3.3 3
Python +=0, A .
4.3.4 4
R1 R2. R . : . R=R1+R2. 1/R=(1/R1)+(1/R2).
Python :
R1 R2
o ( 1 2 ) R1 R2
( ) R
R1, R2, R.
4.3.5 5
Python 1+2+3+4+ 2000.
-
- '
[ 68 ]
4.3.6 6
Python (o .. 131, 797).
4.3.7 7
Python Fibonacci.
4.3.8 8
Python pow.
4.3.9 9
Python 50 500 3.
4.3.10 10
, ! .
!= 1, = 0
!=1*2*3*.(-1)*, >0
, >=0 .
;
if..else;
for, .
H range(1, 40, 5) ;
for while;
while;
Python;
;
., ., o ., . (2013), Python, , .
-
- '
[ 69 ]
, ., (2010), Taspython. Python B, . Python , TasPython.
Downey, A. (2012) Think Python, How to think like a computer scientist, O Reilly. http://www.greenteapress.com/thinkPython/. .
Swaroop, C., H. (2013) A byte of Python, http://www.swaroopch.com/notes/Python/ Creative Commons Attributions ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Ubuntu. http://ubuntu-gr.org/ .
, ( 21 ) , 9: , , ..., (..), 2015.
Python, https://www.Python.org/ ( 10/07/2015)
Python, http://www.Pythonschool.net/ ( 09/07/2015)
Tutorial Python Python ( 03/07/2015),
https://docs.Python.org/2/tutorial/controlflow.html
-
[ 70 ]
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-
- '
[ 71 ]
5
-
- '
[ 72 ]
5.
:
,
.
, . Python , , . , Python.
Python, . (tuple) . , .
5.1
, . , . , . , . . Python (tuples), .
-
- '
[ 73 ]
. , . , . python. , , , .. python , . (str) , .
, . ., , 17, ' , 14 16 .
5.2 (str)
, , Unicode. .
5.2.1.1 1 :
. .
:
Python
a
b
z a b.
d a * 2.
a, b, z, d
a = " "
b = " "
z = a + b
d = a * 2
print a
print b
-
- '
[ 74 ]
len() b
o b b[1]
b[11 : 15]
print z
print d
len(b)
15
b[1]
b[11 : 15]
python str . , . python 0. len .
>>> word = python
>>> letter = word[1]
>>> print( letter )
y
>>> print( word[0] )
P
>>> python[0]
p
>>> len( word )
6
>>> len( 123 )
3
:. word[:] , .
>>> s = Monty Python
>>> s[0:5]
Monty
>>> s[6:len(s)]
Python
>>> s[len(s)-1]
n
>>> s[-1]
n
>>> s[0:len(s)]
Monty Python
, . . s : .
-
- '
[ 75 ]
>>> word = s #
>>> word = s[:] # s word
in . . .
str . (dot notation). str . str, interpreter: dir(str). dir .
>>> word = monty
>>> python.upper()
PYTHON
>>> word.find(y)
4
>>> a in python
False
>>> y in python
True
>>> word ==
monty
True
>>>antonis > antonia
True
>>> 1000 < 2
True
(Help) . : word.capitalize(), word.upper(), word.lower().
str , (immutable). . word[0] = p , . : + .
Python , :
>>> def times( a, b ):
return a * b
>>> times( 2, 3 )
6
>>> times( python#, 3 )
python#python#python#
-
- '
[ 76 ]
;
Python + Python + Python = 3 * Python .
, (lazy evaluation). . times( Python, Java ); ;
5.3
Python . . :
>>> fruits = [apple, orange]
>>> list2 = [50,60,70,80]
, . , .
daysofweek=
["","","","","","",""]
. , in len. :
>>> list1 = [10,20,30,40]
>>> fruits = [apple, orange]
>>> len(list1)
4
>>> print( fruits[0] )
Apple
>>> apple in fruits
True
>>> list2 = [50,60,70,80]
>>> list1+ list2
[10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80]
>>> list1 + fruits
[10, 20, 30, 40, apple, orange]
>>> [1,0]*4
[1,0, 1,0, 1,0, 1,0]
- None, , array = [None]*N.
: . (immutable), .
>>> a =
[5,8,13,21,34]
>>> len( 123 )
3
>>> s[len(s)-1]
n
-
- '
[ 77 ]
>>> a[2]
13
>>> a[2] = 0
>>> print( a )
[5, 8, 0, 21, 34]
>>> a[1:4]
[8, 0, 21]
>>> s = Monty Python
>>> s[0:5]
Monty
>>> s[6:len(s)]
Python
>>> s[-1]
n
>>> s[0:len(s)]
Monty Python
5.3.1 1
. . Python. ;
daysofweek=
["","","","","","",""]
>>> print " ", daysofweek[6]
: ;
:
: ..
5.3.2 2
. . . Python.
x = [21, 23, 25, 27]
y = [5, 6, 7, 8]
z = x + y
print (z)
...............
print (z [1])
.........
-
- '
[ 78 ]
z[0] = 45
print (z)
............
a = [x,y]
print (a)
print (a [1][2])
......
5.3.3 3
. , print. ;
>>> for a in [15,27,31]:
.... print a,
:
daysofweek =
["","","","","","",""]
for item in daysofweek:
print (item),
:
5.3.4 4
. ; . ;
listX = [1, 2, 3]
listY = listX
print 'listX =', listX, 'list =', listY
listX[1] = 5000
print 'listX =', listX, 'list =', listY
-
- '
[ 79 ]
listY[2] = 100
print 'listX =', listX, 'list =', listY
..
.
. :
append:
extend:
sort:
pop/del/remove: .
>>> a=[5,8,13,21,34]
>>> a.append(55)
>>> print( a )
[5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55]
>>> a.pop()
55
>>> print( a )
[5, 8, 13, 21, 34]
>>> a.pop(2)
13
>>> a.extend( [ 1, 2, 3 ]
)
>>> print( a )
[5, 8, 21, 34, 1, 2, 3]
: Python,
>>> a = [5,8,13,21,34]
>>> b = a[ : ] #
>>> d = a #
>>> a.pop() # a d
34
>>> d.pop()
21
-
- '
[ 80 ]
>>> a[0]=a[1]=6
>>> print( a )
[6, 6, 13]
>>> print( d )
[6, 6, 13]
>>> print( b ) # b
[5, 8, 13, 21, 34]
+ . [ ]:
>>> a = [5,8,13,21,34]
>>> b = a + [ ]
>>> a[0]=a[1]=a[2]=a[3]=0
>>> print( a )
[0, 0, 0, 0, 34]
>>> print( d )
[5, 8, 13, 21, 34]
5.3.5 5
. , .
: : append(X) , insert (i, x) x i , pop(i) i .
5.3.6 6
. .
sqlist=[ ]
for x in range(1,11):
sqlist.append(x*x)
print sqlist
-
- '
[ 81 ]
5.4
Python . . 0. , Python None.
.
>>> def newArray(size):
array = [ ]
for i in range(0,size):
array.append( 0 )
return array
>>> a = newArray(5)
>>> a[1] = a[3] = 1
>>> print( a )
[0, 1, 0, 1, 0]
Python, 0 1.
"" - : a = 5*[0]. append +.
, , Python:
Python
for item in array :
print item
N = len(array)
for i in range(0, N):
print array[i]
i 0 N1
array[i]
_
Python . , :
>>> matrix = [ [1, 2, 3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9] ]
>>> print( matrix[0] )
[1, 2, 3]
>>> print( matrix[0][2] )
3
-
- '
[ 82 ]
, .
; append.
Python
for i in range(0,3):
a.append( [ ] )
for j in range(0,3):
a[i].append(0)
i 0 2
j 0 2
a[i][j] 0
_
_
. a[i, j] Python a[ i ][ j ]. .. a[2] . , Python.
append pop, () () . .
5.5
Python . . (, , ).
>>> myset = set( [ 1 ,2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 8])
>>> myset
set( [8, 1, 2, 3] )
>>> myset.intersection( set( [1, 2, 90] ) )
set( [1, 2] )
5.6
(immutable), (tuple). . , , , , , .. . :
-
- '
[ 83 ]
>>> rec = a, b, 120, r
>>> print( rec )
(a, b, 120, r)
>>> rec[2]
120
>>> len( rec )
4
>>> rec[1:3]
(b, 120)
>>> rec = (apple ,) + rec[2:3]
>>> print( rec )
( apple, 120 )
/ , . .
, :
>>> a , b = b, a
5.7
(built-in) Python. . (array) . Version[python] = 3.4. , - . .
- . :
>>> dictionary = { :2, :4, :8, :16 }
>>> list(dictionary.keys() )
[A, , , ]
>>> dictionary []
8
>>> len(dictionary )
4
>>> del dictionary []
>>> del dictionary []
>>> print( dictionary )
-
- '
[ 84 ]
{:4, :16}
>>> dictionary [] = 32
>>> print( dictionary )
{:4, :32, :16}
>>> in dictionary
True
(del), in.
, []= { : }. , .
. .. 1 :
Python , .
graph = { A: [B, C, D],
B: [D]
C: [D]
D: [B, C] }
1
.
-
- '
[ 85 ]
5.8
5.8.1 1:
1000, :
)
)
)
)
) ,
. .
5.8.2 2
, push (), pop () .
5.8.3 3
, enqueue (), dequeue () .
5.8.4 4
, 0. .
5.8.5 5
100 , . .
5.8.6 6
ISBN. ISSN. 000 ISBN ISSN.
: (str) , .. ISBN, ISBN .
-
- '
[ 86 ]
5.8.7 7:
. . 0 . , .. 4, 6, 10, 145 100, 98, 10. . ., .. 4, 6, 10, 10, 98, 100, 145.
5.8.8 8:
, , .
>>>cipher = { A:X, B:Y,C: Z,D: A, , X:U}
text , :
>>> def encryptCeasar( text, alphabet ):
cipherText =
for letter in text:
if letter in alphabet:
cipherText = cipherText + cipher[letter]
else:
cipherText = cipherText + letter
return cipherText
- cipher. .
: , encryptCeasar .
-
- '
[ 87 ]
5.8.9 9:
Python , abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz, .
5.8.10 10
( .. , RADAR) .
5.8.11 11
. .
sqlist=[ ]
for x in range(1,11):
sqlist.append(x*x)
print sqlist
5.8.12 12
Python .
5.8.13 13
Python end
. (: ).
s.
;
Python;
Python ;
- ;
;
;
-
- '
[ 88 ]
, ., (2010), Taspython. Python B, . Python , TasPython.
Downey, A. (2012) Think Python, How to think like a computer scientist, O Reilly. http://www.greenteapress.com/thinkPython/. .
Swaroop, C., H. (2013) A byte of Python, http://www.swaroopch.com/notes/Python/ Creative Commons Attributions ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Ubuntu. http://ubuntu-gr.org/ .
, ( 21 ) , 9: , , ..., (..), 2015.
Python, https://www.Python.org/ ( 10/07/2015)
Python, http://www.Pythonschool.net/ ( 09/07/2015)
-
- '
[ 89 ]
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
-
- '
[ 90 ]
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
.....
-
[ 91 ]
6
-
- '
[ 92 ]
6.
:
.
- , . , , .
6.1
, . . .
, :
( , ) = ( , mod )
, , 100 36:
( 100, 36 ) = ( 36, 28 ) = ( 28, 8 ) = ( 8, 4 ) = ( 4, 0 ) = 4
= 0. Python :
Python
def times( a, b ) :
while b > 0 :
a, b = b, a % b
return a
// , //
> 0
mod
-
- '
[ 93 ]
_
// //
. python , . , , .
6.2
. , , .. . , , . :
( 1.0)
Python
def linearSearch( array,
key ) :
found = False
for item in array :
if item == key :
found = True
return found
_
// , //
=
_
_
// //
_
1.0 . , . /position.
-
- '
[ 94 ]
: 1 . , 2.0 .
( 2.0)
Python
def linearSearch( array, key ) :
pos = 1
i 1
while pos < 0 and i
-
- '
[ 95 ]
. , , . . , , . ( ) .
(selection sort). :
1: .
2: .
1: .
Python :
(Selection Sort) 1.0
Python
def selectionSort( array ) :
N = len( array )
for i in range(0, N) :
pos = posMin( i, N, array)
array[ i ], array[pos] = array[pos],
array[ i ]
_
// , //
i 0 N1
_(i, N)
A[ i ], A[]
_
// //
_
.
Python
def posMin( start, end, array ) : _
// , , //
-
- '
[ 96 ]
pos = start
for i in range(start, end) :
if array[ i ] < array[ pos ] :
pos = i
return pos
i 1
A[ i ] < A[]
i
_
_
// //
_
, 7 , :
i=0 i=1 i=2 i=3 i=4 i=5 i=6
0 6
0
2
0
2
0
20 2
0
20 20
1 3
8
3
8
3
2
32 3
2
32 32
2 9
8
9
8
9
8
38 3
8
38 38
3 5
4
5
4
5
4
54 5
4
54 54
4 3
2
3
2
3
8
98 9
8
60 60
5 9
0
9
0
9
0
90 9
0
90 90
6 2
0
6
0
6
0
60 6
0
98 98
6.4
6.4.1 1:
, python.
6.4.2 2
, . ;
-
- '
[ 97 ]
6.4.3 3
:
( 3600, _____ ) = ( 1100, _____ ) = (_____,_____ ) = (_____, 100 ) =
(_____,_____ ) = 100
.
6.4.4 4
.
6.4.5 5
.
6.4.6 6
.
6.4.7 7
. , , , . , .
6.4.8 8
.
6.4.9 9
, .
.
;
;
-
- '
[ 98 ]
;
, ( 21 ) , 9: , , ..., (..), 2015.
Python, https://www.Python.org/ ( 10/07/2015)
-
- '
[ 99 ]
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
-
- '
[ 100 ]
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-
[ 101 ]
7
-
- '
[ 102 ]
7.
(8 ) :
(.. ) (open, close, read, write) Python.
-
, , , , , , ,
7.1
( ) , . .
. , .
, DVD_ROM, (flash memory). Python.
, , . open()
: , DVD (flash memory).
: .
: .
: .
: .
: .
-
- '
[ 103 ]
. .
X = open (_, )
# open() Python . :
(words.txt), .
() . (w , r ).
# . .
>>> keimeno = open('words.txt')
# keimeno words.txt. keimeno .
, . open() .
r
w
( , )
a
( )
b
+
r+ .
Python , . read(), readline() write() .
-
- '
[ 104 ]
open() .
, , . , . , ( "r").
, close(), .
7.1.1
, 'w' :
>>> keimeno = open('output.txt', 'w')
# output.txt w keimeno, print keimeno :
>>> print keimeno
, . .
write() .
>>> line1 = " ! \n"
# line1 !.
>>> keimeno.write(line1)
# line1 . \n write .
# keimeno write .
>>> line2 = "Pythonistas.\n"
>>> keimeno.write(line2)
.
>>> keimeno.close()
-
- '
[ 105 ]
write . , , . str:
>>> x = 52
>>> keimeno.write(str(x)).
for .
>>> keimeno = open('output.txt', r)
open() "r", .
read() readline(). , , :
>>> keimeno.readline()
7.2
7.2.1 1
song.txt. , .
.
.
for i in range(telos);
song=open("song.txt", "w")
telos=int(input(" "))
# .
for i in range(telos):
print (" ",i+1, )
x = raw_input(" " )
x=x + '\n'
song.write(x)
song.close()
-
- '
[ 106 ]
song=open("song.txt", "r")
for line in song:
print(line)
a=line
song.close()
7.2.2 2
hmerologio_2015.txt 2015 calendar.
) . IDLE Python. . hmerologio_2015.txt . ; .
) , hmerologio_2016 2016 .
import calendar
# calendar
hmerologio=open("hmerologio_2015.txt", "w")
# hmerologio_2015 hmerologio.
hmerologio.write (" Python:\n\n")
# .
a= calendar.TextCalendar(calendar.SUNDAY).formatyear(2015, 2, 1, 1, 2)
# a 2015, .
hmerologio.write(a)
( ) , hmerologio
-
- '
[ 107 ]
hmerologio.write("\n\nPython: ...\n... .\n( l)")
#
hmerologio.close()
# .
#
hmerologio=open("hmerologio_2015.txt","r")
# r
contents=hmerologio.read()
# read() contents,
print contents
# ( 2015) . H .
hmerologio.close()
# , close()
7.3
( ), , . , , Python .
os ( os operating system). os.getcwd :
>>> import os
>>> cwd = os.getcwd()
>>> print cwd /home/dinsdale
cwd current working directory. /home/dinsdale, home dinsdale.
-
- '
[ 108 ]
7.4
. . )
my_list = [i**2 for i in range(1,11)] # 1 - 10 f = open("output.txt", "w") for item in my_list: f.write(str(item) + "\n") f.close()
)
f = open("bg.txt")
f.closed
# False
f.close()
f.closed
# True
C)
>>> logfile = open('test.log', 'w')
>>> logfile.write('test succeeded')
>>> logfile.close()
>>> print file('test.log').read()
test succeeded
>>> logfile = open('test.log', 'a')
>>> logfile.write('line 2')
>>> logfile.close()
>>> print file('test.log').read()
test succeededline 2
D)
g = open(' new_file ', 'w')
g.write('A new file begins' )
g.write(' ... today!\n')
-
- '
[ 109 ]
g.close( )
E)
f = open('input_file.txt')
for line in f :
print(line )
1) ;
2) - Python, ;
3) ;
4) ;
5) ;
6) ;
. ., o , . (2013) Python, , .
, ., (2010), Taspython. Python B, . Python , TasPython.
Downey, A. (2012) Think Python, How to think like a computer scientist, O Reilly. http://www.greenteapress.com/thinkPython/. .
Swaroop, C., H. (2013) A byte of Python, http://www.swaroopch.com/notes/Python/ Creative Commons Attributions ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Ubuntu. http://ubuntu-gr.org/ .
.
-
, ( 21 ) , 9: , , ..., (..), 2015.
-
- '
[ 110 ]
Python, https://www.Python.org/ ( 10/07/2015)
Berkeley, (2015), http://python.berkeley.edu/.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-
- '
[ 111 ]
API
8
-
- '
[ 112 ]
8. API
(13 ) :
, Application Program Interfaces (APIs) .
8.1
Python , . , Python . Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) .
APIs Python matplotlib, SeaBorn Matplotlib ggplot ggplot2 R.
Tkinter, Python (GUI).
APIs , - (web crawler/spider) .
, API, . , , API. .
8.2 -
(...) - (Human Computer Interaction HCI) -, () . , , , , .
-
- '
[ 113 ]
(user interface), . .
" - (...)" , , . ( Association for Computer Machinery).
, , , -.
... (Usability). ISO 9241, . :
()
( ).
-
(SAVE) (DELETE) , . , .
. . , . . , , .
. ;
-
- '
[ 114 ]
. () , .
, ( ) ( ). .
8.2.1
, ' . . , , , . . , ..
. . . Shneiderman (Shneiderman and Plaisant, 2005) :
1. (consistency) :
1) .
2) .
3) .
4) .
5) .
6) .
7) .
2. (shortcut)
1) .
2) .
3) .
3. (informative feedback) .
-
- '
[ 115 ]
.. .
4. "" -
5.
6.
7.
8. ( 72)
: , , ;
;
QWERTY ;
(Norman 1990):
.
, , .
, .
, .
, . .
. .
8.3 Tkinter GUI Python
Python.
import Tkinter as tk
import tkMessageBox
-
- '
[ 116 ]
def showInformationBox():
tkMessageBox.showinfo("Info","Nice Done")
def showOkCancelBox():
tkMessageBox.askokcancel("okCancel","Remove all System Files?")
def showWarningBox():
tkMessageBox.showwarning("warning","This is a warning")
def showErrorBox():
tkMessageBox.showerror("error","Critical System Error #00000")
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Computer Science")
message = tk.Label( root, text = "Introduction to Computer Science" )
message.pack()
message2 = tk.Label( root, text = "This is my first program" )
message2.pack()
buttonA = tk.Button( root, text = "Click here for Information", command =
showInformationBox)
buttonA.pack()
buttonB = tk.Button( root, text = "Click here for Verification", command =
showOkCancelBox)
buttonB.pack()
buttonC = tk.Button( root, text = "Click here for Warning", command =
showWarningBox)
buttonC.pack()
buttonD = tk.Button( root, text = "Click here for Error Message", command =
showErrorBox)
buttonD.pack()
root.mainloop()
-
- '
[ 117 ]
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Computer Science")
Computer Science., . (Label) . ..
buttonA = tk.Button( root, text = "Click here for Information", command =
showInformationBox)
- buttonA. Click here for Information, root showInformationBox . , , .
pack root.mainLoop() .
Tkinter Python.
8.4
8.4.1 1
Beautiful Soup http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/
8.4.2 2
matplotlib http://matplotlib.org/examples. , , , , .. ,
-
- '
[ 118 ]
8.4.3 3
matplotlib, Python , , :
8.4.4 4:
, Beautiful Soup. Python, Yahoo Finance Scraper.
http://www.Pythoncentral.io/Python-beautiful-soup-example-yahoo-finance-
scraper/
/ , scrapy, Python lxml
http://docs.Python-guide.org/en/latest/scenarios/scrape/
8.4.5 5:
7 ( ) Tkinter, testRectangle.py.
8.4.6 6:
, Python. http://www.pygame.org project . . projects .
-
- '
[ 119 ]
;
;
;
;
Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). Python.
. (2000) , . .
Ben Shneiderman and Catherine Plaisant. Designing the User Interface. Pearson
Education, Boston, 4th edition, 2005
Donald A. Norman. The Design of Everyday Things. Doubleday/Currency, New
York, NY, 1990. First published as The Psychology of Everyday Things.
(2005), , . , http://cgi.di.uoa.gr/~ys08/EAM_simeiwseis.pdf ( 2015)
Levitin, Anany (2007), The Design & Analysis of Algorithms. Pearson Education.
Swaroop, C., H. (2013) A byte of Python, http://www.swaroopch.com/notes/Python/ Creative Commons Attributions ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Ubuntu. http://ubuntu-gr.org/ .
, ( 21 ) , 9: , , ..., (..), 2015
Python,
https://pypi.Python.org/pypi
http://matplotlib.org/users/pyplot_tutorial.html
http://stanford.edu/~mwaskom/software/seaborn/
https://pypi.Python.org/pypi/ggplot
http://blog.yhathq.com/posts/ggplot-for-Python.html
-
- '
[ 120 ]
http://bokeh.pydata.org/
Python for Data Analysis
http://dl.e-book-free.com/2013/07/Python_for_data_analysis.pdf
Python Scientific Lecture Notes
http://scipy-lectures.github.io/
Google Python
https://code.google.com/p/google-visualization-Python/
Python Beautiful Soup Example: Yahoo Finance Scraper
http://www.Pythoncentral.io/Python-beautiful-soup-example-yahoo-finance-
scraper/
Beautiful Soup
http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/
http://www.gregreda.com/2013/03/03/web-scraping-101-with-Python/
http://scrapy.org/
Tkinter Python
http://www.Python-course.eu/Python_tkinter.php
https://wiki.Python.org/moin/TkInter