أساسيات الكهرباء والإلكترونيات نظري
TRANSCRIPT
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אא א
- ٣٨ -
אאאאWF٤J١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE)e1(VV RC/t
SC−−=
אאFKE
אאאאWF٤J٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKERC/t
S eR/VI −==
אאFKEאאאאF٤J٦EFאE،א
אאאאאRאF0VC =Eאאא
F٤J٧E
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1T 2T 3T 4T 5T 6T0t
v or i
1 - e -t / T
e -t / T
F٤J٧E
א ١١١ אאא
אא א
- ٣٩ -
F٤J٤Eאאאאאאאאאא
אKאאK
F٤J٤J١EאאאאF٤J٨Eאאא
אאאKאאאאאאאאאK
WF٤J٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE
321t CCCC ++=
C1 C2 C3
+++
_ _ _VS
F٤J٨E
F٤J٤J٢Eאאא
אF٤J٩EאאאאאאאK
אאאאאאאאאK
אאאאאאאאא
אWF٤J٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE
321t C1
C1
C1
C1
++=
א ١١١ אאא
אא א
- ٤٠ -
C1+ _+ _ + _
C2 C3
F٤J٩E
אאאאאאאא
KאאאאאאאאאאאK
F٤J١WE
אאאאאW
VS
0.03 µf
0.04 µf
0.06 µf
0.04 µf
F٤J١٠E
אWא2C1CאאW
21
21)12( CC
CCC+
=
04.004.004.004.0
112 +
×=C
fC µ02.0)12( =fCCC µ08.002.006.03)12()12(3 =+=+=
)12(34
)12(34
CCCC
Ceq +=
08.003.008.003.0
+×
=eqCfCeq µ0128.0=
א ١١١ אאא
אא א
- ٤١ -
١K אא؟ ٢K אאאאW
C1+ _+ _ + _
C2 C3
270 µf 470 µf 100 µf
C1 C2 C3
+++_ _ _VS
20 pf 10 pf 5 pf
VS
30 µf
100 µf
50 µf
100 µf
F٤J١١E
אאאאאא
אאאא
אאאã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
אאאא
א
א
א
٥
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٤٢ -
אאWאאאאא،אאאא
K
אאWאאW
١K אאאאא ٢K אאאאאא ٣K אאאא
אאאW
אא٨٠K٪
אאW٦אK
אאW
אאאK
אאWאאאאK
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٤٣ -
אאא
אאאאאא،אK
אאאאאאאאאאאK
F٥J١Eאא
אאאאאאאאF٥J١KE
F٥J١E
אאאאאSinewaveK
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٤٤ -
F٥J٢EאאאאאאKא
אKF٥J٢KE
F٥J٢E
אאאאאאאאK
אאW
F٥J١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEאT1F =
F٥J٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEאF1T =
F٥J١WE
אאאאms10؟אאW
T1F =
ms101F =
310101F −×
=
HZ100F =
אאאF٥J٣EאאאאאK
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٤٥ -
F٥J٣E
א
אאאאK
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٤٦ -
אאאאאאאBאאאאאL،
אVאאאאאאאאאאאKאאW
F٥J٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEθ= sinBL2e
אאאאאθאWF٥J٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEθsinke =
kאאK
F٥J٣E
F٥J٣J١Eאאאאאאאe
א،אאאאF٥J٤EאאאאאK
F٥J٣J٢Eאא
אאאא،אאא°=θ 90א
°=θ 270،אאאאאאWF٥J٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEkEm =
אkmEWF٥J٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEθ= sinEe m
אאאאאאאאtאאאθW
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٤٧ -
F٥J٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEtω=θF٥J٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEf2w π=
F٥J٢WE
אאאWt100sin100V =Wא،אא،אאאv50K
אWEא
100=w
πω2
=F
π2
100=F
HzF 92.15=Eאא
vVm 100=
t100sin10050 =
5.010050100sin ==t
°= 30100t
radt 523.0180
30100 =×°=π
sec23.5100523.0 mt ==∴
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٤٨ -
F٥J٣J٣Eאאאאאאאאאאא
אאKאאאאאאאאאאאאאKאא
אאאRWF٥J٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKERIP 2
1 =
אאiF٥J١٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKERiP 2
2 =
אאאא
F٥J١١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEwtsinIiI 2m
22 ==
אאF٥J١٢KKKKKKKKKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
2II m
eff =
אK
F٥J٣J٤EאאאאאJאJאא
אאאאא،אאאאW
F٥J١٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE mavg V2V
π=
F٥J١٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEmavg V637.0V =
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٤٩ -
F٥J٣WErmsPPPavg V,V,V,Vא؟אא
F٥J٤E
אWאvVP 5.4=
vVV PPP 9)5.4(22 ===
vVV Prms 18.3)5.4(707.0707.0 ===
vVV Pavg 87,2)5.4(637.0637.0 ===
F٥J٤EאאאE
אאאאאWF٥J١٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE
RVI =
אאאKF٥J١٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE
RwtsinVi m=
F٥J١٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE R
VI mm =
אאאאאאאK
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٥٠ -
F٥J٤WEאאאאאאאאא
10 v100 Hz
+
_R1220 Ω
אW
אאW1002sin102 π=v
Vv 628sin14.14=
אאWvi 628sin220
14.14=
Ai 628sin062.0=
אאW2
meff
II =
2
062.0=effI
AIeff 044.0=E
אאWF٥J١٨KKKKKKKKKKKKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKwtsinVV m=
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٥١ -
אאאW
F٥J١٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE dtdqi =
F٥J٢٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE dtdvCi =
F٥J٢١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE dt
tsindCVi mω
=
F٥J٢٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE tcoswCVi m ω=
F٥J٢٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE tcosIi m ω=
F٥J٢٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE)2
tsin(Ii mπ
+ω=
אאאאאאאאא°90KאאאאW
F٥J٢٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE mm CVI ω=
F٥J٢٦KKKKKKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK c
1VI m
m
ω
=
אcω
1 אCXF٥J٢٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE
f21
c1XC π
=ω
=
Eאא
אאאאאאK
אאאאא،
אאא2אπ
K
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٥٢ -
אאאאאאאK
F٥J٢٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE 2C
2R VVV +=
F٥J٢٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE 2C
2 XRZ +=
F٥J٣٠KKKKKKKKKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK R
Xtan C1−=θ
F٥J٥WEאΩ10אאf100µאv10
HZ100،؟אאאא
C
C FX
π21
=
61010010021
−××××=
πCX
92.15=CX
22CXRZ +=
22 92.1510 +=Z
Ω= 8.18Z
∴אא
ZVI =
AI 532.08.18
10==
אאθW
RXC1tan−=θ
)10
92.15(tan 1−=θ
°= 85.57θ
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٥٣ -
Eאא
אאאאאאאאאאאאאאKאאאאK
F٥J٣١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE RV
IR =
F٥J٣٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE C
C XV
I =
F٥J٣٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE 2π
=θ
F٥J٣٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKEKKKKKKKKKKKKK 2C
2R III +=
F٥J٣٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE C
C
XRRXZ+
=
F٥J٣٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE R
C1
IItan−=θ
F٥J٣٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE C
1
XRtan−=θ
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٥٤ -
F٥J٦WEאאאאאf02.0 µאΩK2.2אא
אv10KHZ5.1؟אW
C
C FX
π21
=
)1002.0)(105.1(2
163 −××××
=πCX
Ω= KXC 31.5
C
C
XRRXZ+
=
33
33
103.5102.2103.5102.2
×+××××
=Z
Ω= 7.1554Z
ZVI =
6.1554
10I =
mAI 92.4=
CX
R1tan−=θ
31.52.2
=θ
°= 5.22θ
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٥٥ -
١K אΩ270אאf100µאאv10HZ20،؟אאא
٢K Ω= K100R1Ω= K74R 2אאF01.0C1 µ=
F02.0C2 µ=אv50HZ100،אאא ؟
٣K אאאאאW
2Vf = 15 KHz
0.01 µf
R1
100 Ω0.02 µf
C1
R2
100 Ω
C2
F٢J١E
٤K אאא2C؟אאאאא
2Vf = 100 KHz
R1
10 KΩC1100 pf
R2
12 KΩ C250 pf
F٢J١E
אא
אאאא
אאאã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
אאאא
א
٦
א ١١١ אא
אא א
- ٥٦ -
אאWאאאאN PK
אאWאאW
١K אאNאP ٢K PN
אאאWאא٨٠K٪
אאW
٣א
אאWאאאK
אאW
K
א ١١١ אא
אא א
- ٥٧ -
א
٦J١
אאאKאאאאאאאאאא
FאEאאאFאKEאאאאאא)Si(،א)Ge(K
אאאאאK
+ 14
F٦J١E
٦J٢אאאF٦J١EאאאKאאאא
١٤FE،١٤אאאאאאאא٤אאאא
אאאK
א ١١١ אא
אא א
- ٥٨ -
SiSi
Si
Si
Si
F٦J٢E
F٦–٢Eאא
א،אאאאאאאאאאא
אאאאאF٦–٢KEאאאא
אאאאאאאKאאאאאK
אאאאdtdqI =
אאאא،אאאאאK
אאאאWJ
א ١١١ אא
אא א
- ٥٩ -
١J אא٢J אאא
١J אא
Si
Si
א
א
F٦J٣E
אאאאאאא،אF٦–٣Eאאאאא
אאאאKאאאאKאא
אKאאאאאאאאK
אאאK
F٦J٣EאאאאאKאאאאאא
אאאאאא،אאא
אאאאא،אא،אאאאאאאאאK
א ١١١ אא
אא א
- ٦٠ -
אאאאאאאאאאאאא
אאאאKאאאK
٢J אאאאאאFאEא
אאאKאאאאאא
אאKאאאאא610א810Kאאא
אאאאאאאאKאאאאאא
،NPK
EאN אאאאאFE
אא،א،א،F٦J٤EאאKאאאK
אאאאא،אאאאאאאFHKE
אאאאאאאאאאאF٦J٥KEאא
אאאאאאF٦J٤Eא،אאKא
אאאאאאK
א ١١١ אא
אא א
- ٦١ -
SbSi
Si
Si
Si
א א
F٦J٤E
EאP
אאFEא،א،אאאאאאא
אF٦J٥EK
אF٦J٥EאאאאKאאאאKאאאאאא
אאאאאאKאאKאאאאאא
אאאאK
אאאאאא،אא
אאK
א ١١١ אא
אא א
- ٦٢ -
BSi
Si
Si
Si
F٦J٥E
א ١١١ אא
אא א
- ٦٣ -
١K ؟א ٢K אאאא؟ ٣K א،א،אאK ٤K אאא−Nא؟−P؟ ٥K ؟אאאאאא ٦K אא؟ ٧K אא−NK ٨K אא−N؟
אאאא
אאאא
אאאã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
אאאא
אא
٧
א ١١١ אא
אא אא
- ٦٤ -
אאWאאאאאאא
אאW
אאW١K אאאאא ٢K אא
אאאW
אא٨٠K٪
Wאא٤א
אאW
אאאK
אאWאK
א ١١١ אא
אא אא
- ٦٥ -
א
٧J١WאNאאאאאאאP
אאאאאאאאF٧J١Eאאא
אאאF١Eאאא
١J אאאאאאאK
٢J אאאאאK وات اتفج الكترون
F٧J١E
אאNP
אאאF٧J٢JE
F٧J٢E
א ١١١ אא
אא אא
- ٦٦ -
אאאWJWJאאאא
אKWJאאאאאאאא
אKWJאאאאNP
אKאWJאאאNאPא
אKאאאא
אאאאאאF٧J٢EאאאאF٧J٢Eא
אKאאאאאאאKאאאV7.0
אK؟אאאאאא
אKאאאאאאאאא
אאאאאV7.0אאאאא
א،אאאKאאאאאcm101 4−×
אF٧J٣EאאאFאאEאאאאK
انود اثود آ
F٧J٣E
א ١١١ אא
אא אא
- ٦٧ -
٧J٢אאאFאאEאאאאאאPFאEא
אNFאEאאאאאאאאאא،אא
אV7.0אאאאאאאאאאאא
F٧J٤E
F٧J٤E
٧J٣אאאFאאE
אאאאאאNF٧J٤KEאאאאא
אאאאאאKאאאאאאא
אKאאאאאKאאAµ
אK،אאאK
٧J٤אאאאאאא
אאאאאKאאFאאEאFא
אKE
א ١١١ אא
אא אא
- ٦٨ -
٧J٥אאאאא
0.7 V
VBR
IF (mA)
VFVR
IR (µA)
אא
Knee0
א
F٧J٥E
אF٧J٥Eאאאאאאא
אאאWJ١J אאאאאאא
אK٢J אאאא،אאא
א°c25אאא°C70אאאאאאK
٣J אאאאאV7.0אאאאאK
٤J אאאא Kאאא
٥J אאאאאאאאאאאאא
501000אאאאאאאאFאאKE
א ١١١ אא
אא אא
- ٦٩ -
אא،אאאאאאאא
אא،אאאא،א
אאאאאאאאא
אאאKאאאאאאK
٧J٦אאאאFאE
אאאאאא،אאאאאאאWJ
١J אאא٢J אK ٣J אאא ٤J אאאאK
EאאEאEאEאאא
אאאאאאWJ
אWאאACDC
אאא١E א
F٧J٦EאאאKאאrmsV220rmsV12FKE
א ١١١ אא
אא אא
- ٧٠ -
220 V 12 VrmsRL VO
+
-
F٧J٦E
אאrmsVאpVאW
F٧J١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEv17V2V
V2V
rmsp
rmsp
==
=
אאאאאאאאFאEאא
Thw
0
Tfw
0
16.3 v
F٧J٧E
אאFאEאV3.16V17אאאV7.0אאK
א ١١١ אא
אא אא
- ٧١ -
אאאאאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאWJ
F٧J٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEπ
=1VV mdc
Thw
0
Tfw
0
16.3 v
F٧J٨E
אאאאאאא
אאאאאKאאאאאאא
אאאאK
א ١١١ אא
אא אא
- ٧٢ -
אאאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאאאK
אWJF٧J٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE
2VV m
rms =
אאאאאאאאאאאK
אאWJ
١J אאאK٢J אאאאK ٣J אאאK
٢Eאא
F٧J٩EאאאKאאאאאאא1Dא
א2DאKאאאאא1Dאא2Dא
אKאאאאאאא،אאא
אW
F٧J٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEπ
2VV mds =
א ١١١ אא
אא אא
- ٧٣ -
אא
220 V
12 Vrms
RL12 Vrms
D1
D2
F٧J٩E
אאאאאאאאF٧J١٠KE
אאאאFאEאאKאא
אאא،אrV אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאK
220 V
12 Vrms
RL12 Vrms
D1
D2
C
F٧J١٠E
א ١١١ אא
אא אא
- ٧٤ -
אאאzאFEF٧J١٠xEאאLRKא
אאאKאא)RCt(t =א،אאאKאאאאאאאrVאאאK
אF٧J٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEאאZ
אא×100%
١WJאאאאאF٧J١١Eא
אv5.0Vr =אא v10Vdc =אWJ
אF٧J٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEאאZ
אא×100%
0
0
א
F٧J١١E
אאאא
א ١١١ אא
אא אא
- ٧٥ -
١J אאאLRאאW
RL
100 Ω
+
-
5 v
-5 v-
٢J אאאLRאא؟אאא
115
Vrms
2 : 1
RL
220 Ω
+
-
4 : 1
RL
80 Vrms
D1
D2
אאאאאא
אאאא
אאאjÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]ã¹]<gè…‚
אאאא
א
אא
٨
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٧٦ -
אאWאאאאאאK
אאW
אאW١K אאאK ٢K אאאאאK
אאאW
אא٨٠K٪
אאW٦אK
אאW
אאאK
אאWאאא
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٧٧ -
אא ٨J١W
אאאא،אאאWJ
١J אאא٢J אא
אאאKאאאאK
אאאאאאF٨J١EאWJ
אאZ
א
א אZ
א
אא א א א
ii
vi
io
vo
F٨J١E
אאא
אאאאאאאא،K
אF٨J٢EאאNPNאאאPא
אאאאKאאNPNאאאPNP
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٧٨ -
אK
P
n
P
C
B
E
npn Pnp
n
P
n
א
א
Substrate
Collector
Base
Emitter
א א
א א
F٨J٢E
אאא
אF٨J٣KEאאאאאא
א
א אPN N
Emitter
Base
Collector
א
א אNP P
Emitter
Base
Collector
B
E C
B
E C
א Base
א
Collector
א
Emitter
א Base
א
Collector
א
Emitter
F٨J٣E
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٧٩ -
אא
אאאאאאאאאאF٨J٤E
F٨J٤E
אאאאאאאאאאאאאאא
אאאFא٢E٪אKאאאFאEאFאEאאKאאא
Ω100אאΩK10eC II =אאאPAWJ
100100
100002
2
2
2
=
=
=
=
e
e
fe
rC
i
oP
II
RIRI
PPA
אPNPאאאאאK
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٨٠ -
אאאא
אא،אאאאא،אא،אא،אF٨J١EאאKאאא
،אאאF٨J٥KKEאאאאאאאK
RLא∼אאK
R1
R2
RC
RE
Vcc
א א
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٨١ -
RB
RC
Vcc
-VEEא א
RB
RC
Vcc
א א
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٨٢ -
RB
RC
Vcc
א
F٨J٥E
אאאאאא
؟؟ZβZα؟FE
א؟F٨J١WEאאא
אβαא
αאאאβאאאK
אאאאאW
B
C
II
=β
E
C
II
=α
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٨٣ -
אאאאאW
CE
C
BCE
III
III
−=β
+=
אאCIW
β+β
=α
α−α
=β
1
1
αאאאאβאאא
אK
F٨J١EWJβαאW
995.0,99.0,9875.0,9765.0=α
אW
199,99,79,42=β
F٨J٢EWאאאA20µאmA4.6
αβ
אWJ
99687.0,319 =α=β
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٨٤ -
אאאWאאאאאאאאא
אא،F٨J٦EאאאאאאאK2אRאאאאאאKא
אאWJ• אBEB VI − • אCECVI
R1R2VBE
VCCVBC
µA
mAIc
IB
IE
F٨J٦E
F١E אBEB VI −
א–אceV،אV6אאbIאF٨J٧EאאK
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٨٥ -
F٨J٧E
F٢E אCECVI
אאcIאceVא3אRאאא
אF٨J٨KE
F٨J٨E
אאcIאBI
אceVאאאאK
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٨٦ -
אאאאאβ
LRאאאF٨J٩KE
RB
C1
RL
IC
+Vcc
VO
C2
IB
Vi
B
C
E
VC
C
F٨J٩E
אאאאF٨J١٠KEאF٨J٩EאbRא
אK
F٨J١٠E
אאאאאאאאאWJ
L
CCCCC
CCCEC
RVI..0V
VV..0I
==
==
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٨٧ -
אאאאאאאאK
אאאאOFFONאF٨J١١Eאאאאא
אאאKאFV5EאV0אאא
אV5אאאא،אא،Qא
RB
RC
+5V
VO
Vi
B
C
E
VC
C
Vbe
-5V
F٨J١١E
אאאאFאאKEאF٨J١١EאאאאאK
FEV0אWJאE0IC = , 0Ib = אJאא
אV5FEV5אWJ
אbIאאאאFEאJאאאאZ0
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٨٨ -
١K אאאא؟אאא
٢K CI5.34mAIE =475mAIB ؟=
٣K אA50µאCR5V،β؟
٤K BICIBCVאאא100=βW
אאאא
אאאא
אאאã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
אאאא
א
א
٩
א ١١١ אא
אא אא
- ٨٩ -
אאWאאאאאאK
אאW
אאW١K אאK ٢K אאK
אאאW
אא٨٠K٪
אאW٦אK
אאW
אאאK
אאWאאאK
א ١١١ אא
אא אא
- ٩٠ -
אא
אאאא NPNPNPאאאאאאא،אאא
אאאאאאאKא
אא
א
( a ) n
P P
nch
anne
l
( b ) p
n n
Pch
anne
l
א
אא
א
F٩J١E
٩J١אא
אאאאאא)G(א)S(א)D(KאאאDSVאDIאא
F٩J١KE
א ١١١ אא
אא אא
- ٩١ -
F٩J٢E
אאאאאאF٩J٢E
אאאאאאאאאאאאאאא
אאאאאאPVאDIאK
אPVאאאNאאאאאאאNP
אאאאאאאPKאF٩J٣Eאאאאאא
F٩J٣E
א ١١١ אא
אא אא
- ٩٢ -
٩J٢אאאאאאא،א
אאאאאF٩J٤KE
F٩J٤E
DDVאאאDIאF٩J٤EאB,Aאאא
אKאBאDI،DSVאאBאC
אאאאDSVאאDIK
٩J٣אVoltageoffPinch − 0VGS =אDSVאאDIאK
אאא،،DSVאאDIא
אאאאKאאאC
אאKאאאאאKאF٩J٥Eאא
אאאK
א ١١١ אא
אא אא
- ٩٣ -
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א0VGS =)off(VGSאאDIאאDSSIK
،אאאN،אGSVאDIאK
אאאאF٩J٥KE
F٩J٥E
٩J٥אא
אאאF٩J٦EאאאאGSVאאאאא،
אאFΩ10KE
א ١١١ אא
אא אא
- ٩٤ -
אא،אGSVאאאאDIאאאF
ΩM1KE
F٩J٦E
א ١١١ אא
אא אא
- ٩٥ -
١K GSVאאPV1V3 E ؟א
E ؟א
٢K אאאאאאאn؟
٣K אאV5K0VGS =
DSV؟א
٤K אאP6V(Off)VGS =،אDI8VVGS ؟=
אאאאאא
אאאא
אאאã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
אאאא
אא
א
١٠
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٩٦ -
אאWאאאאK
אאW
אאW١K אאאK ٢K אאאK
אאאW
אא٨٠K٪
אאWאK
אאW
Kאאא
אאWK
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٩٧ -
אאא
١٠J١W Wאאאאאא
١K אאאא ٢K אאאא
אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאKאאאאאK
F١٠J١E
١٠J٢אאא
אאאאאDIL אאF١٠J١EאאאאK
אאא٨،١٤،١٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKאK
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٩٨ -
F١٠J٢E
אאאאאאאאא
אאאאSMTאאKאאאאאאF١٠J٣EאאK
F١٠J٣E
١٠J٣אאאא
אאאאאאאאאאאאאאK
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ٩٩ -
١٠J٤אאאא אאאאWJ
JTTLJCMOS
אאאאאאK TTL عائلة -
אאאאאאK
אא74אאאWJ
......S74 ......LS74 ......L74 ......H74 ......74 א
5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4)V( min CCV 5.5 5.5 5.5 0.5 5.5 )V( max CCV8.0 8.0 8.0 8.07.0 )V( ILV
2 2 2 2 2 IHV )V( 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 OLV )V(
7.2 7.2 4.2 4.2 4.2OHV )V(
2− 36.0−18.0− 2− 6.1− ILI )(mA
50 20 10 5040IHI )(mA
20 86.3 2016 OLI )(mA
1−4.0−2.0− 5.0− 4.0− OHI )(mA
3 16 33 610pt )ns(
19 2 1 22 10 dp )(mw
אאF١٠J٤EאאאאNANDאאא
TTLאאCB,,AFEאאא1T
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ١٠٠ -
אא2TאאKא )V( CC+K
אאאCB,,A)V( CC+אא1Tאא2TKאאFKE
F١٠J٤E
אאTTLW١K
אאאאאאK
٢K אא אא،אאא
• אK • FJKE • אK • אV5K • אK
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ١٠١ -
٣K אאאאW
• )V5(+ • )V0( • א )Z(
אאאאאאאאאK
CMOS אאאאאMOSFETאאא
אאW• אK • אאK • אאאאK
אXXX4Kאאאאא CMOSK
J אCMOSאאאאKאאאאאאK
J אאK J אאאKאא)V( DDא )V( SS
אאאאK אF١٠J٥EאאאאNAND
א ١١١ אא
אא אאא
- ١٠٢ -
F١٠J٥E
אא
אאאא
אאאã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
אאאא
א
١١
א ١١١ אא
אא א
- ١٠٣ -
אאWאאK
אאW
אאW١K א ٢K אאאK ٣K אאאK
אאאW
אא٨٠K٪
אאW٤אK
אאW
אאאK
אאWאאאאK
א ١١١ אא
אא א
- ١٠٤ -
א١١J١W
אאאאאאאאאאאKאאK
١١J٢א
א 1V،2VאOVאאאF١KE
+
א א _
א א אא
+
_ Vcc
Vcc
V1
V2
F١١J١E
אאא 1V،2V،אאאאאOAאאW
F١١J١KKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK)VV(AV 12OO −=
אF١Eא0VO =אF١١J٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE 2OO VAV =
א0V2 =א
F١١J٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE 1OO VAV −=
א ١١١ אא
אא א
- ١٠٥ -
א 32 א2VאK(3)אא1Vאא
א1אVאאא2VאאKאאאא
KאאאאאאאW
אאאאאאא000.400 א ΩΩ M80:M10א ΩΩ 100:10
אאא،אאאאK
אF١١J١EאאאKאOVאאא
)VV( 12 −F١١J٢KEVo
+Vcc
- Vcc
(V2 - V2)
V α1 V α1
F١١J٢E
א ١١١ אא
אא א
- ١٠٦ -
אאOV)VV( 12 − אאFאאEאאא)VV( 12 −1Vα2Vα א
אאאCCV+CCV−)VV( 12 − K אא،
אאKאאאאא
אאאK
١١J٣אאR2
+VO
_R1
Vin
IV1
V2
I
F١١J٣E
אF١١J٣EאאאKאאin
O
VV
אאWF١١J٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE
1
2
in
O
RR
VV −
=
F١١J٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE 1
2inO R
RVV −=
21 R,R א
אאא1R2RKאאאOAאאK
א ١١١ אא
אא א
- ١٠٧ -
Kא( 7 )OAאא1Vאא،1V
2VאKאאאאאאא 1V،2VK
א1Vאאא2VאאK
١ אFRאא100−
אW
i
F
RR
A =
iF ARR =
)2.2(100 Ω−= KRFΩ= KRF 220
١١J٤אאא
R2
+VO
_R1
_
+
V1
V2
F١١J٤E
אF١١J٤EאאאאאאאW
F١١J٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK 1
2
in
O
RR1
VV
+=
א ١١١ אא
אא א
- ١٠٨ -
אאאאאאאאאאאאאאא
1אRאאא1RאKאאאאK
אאאK
Rf
+VOUT_
Ri
100 KΩ
4.7 KΩ
Vin
F١١J٥E
אF١١J٦E אF١١J٤Eא0R 2 =، ∞=1R
אאאאF١١J٥EKאאאאאאאאאinVאאKא
אאאאאאאאאK
+VOUT
_V1
V2
Vin+
_
F١١J٦E
א ١١١ אא
אא א
- ١٠٩ -
١١J٥אא
Rf
+
VIN1
VOUT
1
_VIN2
VIN3
2
3
R1
R2
R3
F١١J٧E
אאKא
אאאאאאא
אאאאKאF١١J٦EK
אW
F١١J٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE )VRR............V
RRV
RR(V in
n
F2in
2
F1in
1
FO +++=
אאאאא
אKאאאK
א ١١١ אא
אא א
- ١١٠ -
٣אאאF١١J٨EW
Rf
+
VIN1 = +3 V
VOUT
1
_VIN2 = +2 V
VIN3 = +8 V
2
3
10 KΩ
R1
R2
R3
47 KΩ
100 KΩ
10 KΩ
F١١J٨E
אW 213.0
4710
11 =
ΩΩ
==KK
RRW F
100.010010
22 =
ΩΩ
==KK
RRW F
11010
33 =
ΩΩ
==KK
RRW F
)]8(1)2(1.0)3(213.0[ vvvVout ++−=vVout 84.8−=
א ١١١ אא
אא א
- ١١١ -
١K אאאאאW
Rf
+VOUT_
Ri
47 KΩ
4.7 KΩ
VinAol = 150.000
Rf
+VOUT_
Ri
220 KΩ
4.7 KΩ
Vin
Aol = 200.000
Rf
+VOUT_
Ri
22 KΩ
1.0 KΩ
Vin
Aol = 185.000
א ١١١ אא
אא א
- ١١٢ -
٢K אfRאאאclA
Rf
+VOUT_
Ri1.0 KΩ
Vin
Acl = 50
Rf
+VOUT_
Ri12 KΩ
Vin
Acl = 8
Rf
+VOUT
_Ri
10 KΩ
Vin
Acl = -300
Rf
+VOUT
_Ri
2.2 KΩ
Vin
Acl = -75
א ١١١ אא
אא
- ١١٣ -
١K ?אאא?،
٢K ?א?א
٣K ?א?
4. "Electric Circuits Fundamentals'' Thomas Floyd
5. "Electronic Devices '' Thomas Floyd
١١١ א
אא
אאWאאא١
אא٢
אא٤
אא٥
אא٦
אאא٧
٨
אאW ٩
א١٠
א١٢
אאאאא١٤
١٦
אאWאאאא١٨
אאאא١٨
١٩
א٢٠
١١١ א
אא
٢١אאאא
אאא٢٢
٢٣
א٢٥
אאאא٢٦
אאאאא٢٧
٣١
אאאWא٣٣
אא٣٣
אאא٣٣
א٣٦
א٣٩
٤٠
אאWאאא٤٣
אא٤٣
אא٤٤
א٤٩
אאא٤٩
١١١ א
אא
٥٥
אאWא٥٧
אאאא٥٧
אN ٦٠
אP٦١
٦٣
אאWאא٦٤
אאא٦٧
אאאא٦٨
אאא٦٩
٧٥
אאWאאא٧٦
אא٧٩
אאא٨٤
٨٨
אאWאא٩٠
אא٩٠
אא٩٢
١١١ א
אא
٩٥
אאWאאא٩٧
אאWא ١٠٣
א١٠٢
١١١
אא١١٣
אאאאאא
אאFאEא
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