第 5 章 木材的物理性质
DESCRIPTION
第 5 章 木材的物理性质. 本章难点与重点 : 木材中的吸着水、纤维饱和点、吸着滞后现象和平衡含水率概念及其在生产上的指导意义; 木材干缩湿胀发生规律、原因、对木材利用的影响及其有效控制途径 木材密度种类及其意义 木材声学、电学性质 木材的视觉、调温调湿等环境学特性. 第 5 章 木材的物理性质. 5.1 木材中的水分. 5.2 木材的干缩与湿胀. 5.3 木材的密度. 5.4 木材的热学性质. 目录. 5.5 木材的电学性质. 5.6 木材的声学性质. 5. 7 木材的环境学特性及其对人类居住的影响. 5.1 木材中的水分. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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5 :
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5 5.65.55.45.35.25.15.7
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5.1
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5.1.15.1.25.1.35.1.45.1.55.1 5.1.6
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5.1.1
5.1.1.1
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5.1.1 5.1.1.2 1
W %;W %G0 g;Gw g
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2 Gw6021032810hG0
2~3mm. 5.1.1
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5.1.1 7~28%
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:,,,:0~50%:
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5.1.1.3 1 106%55%137%79%5.1.1
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2
5.1.1 23~33%>100%>50%10~18%0
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5.1.2 5.1.2.1 30%
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5.1.3 5.1.3.1 :::(OH) :
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?
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5.1.3
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:
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5.1.3 5.1.3.2 :::
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5.1.3 =W-W1%~5%2.5%
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5.1.3.3 5.1.3
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5.1.3
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5.1.4 :: :
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5.1.5 202020mm
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5.1.6
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4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.4
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4.2.1 4.2.1.1 1 2
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0.10.3%36%612%1-2
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4.2.1.2 1
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/%
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2
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4
1
1.2120.6240.4891
1.620.8280.501
2.10.8640.468
2.3881.2120.492
2.5561.3080.465
2.8321.4520.472
2.9641.5240.434
3.1081.5840.456
3.2041.6920.472
3.3961.7880.452
3.4561.8240.432
3.6121.80.394
3.4681.8720.384
4.142.0880.373
4.0922.1840.384
4.1762.1960.348
4.2242.1480.381
4.2842.1720.378
4.4282.1840.354
4.52.3160.342
4.5842.3040.339
4.7042.2920.342
4.7522.3160.301
4.6442.3280.322
4.7882.3640.319
4.7762.3760.334
4.7522.340.312
4.7282.3520.311
4.7162.340.298
4.9442.3160.299
4.7642.3880.301
4.742.3640.287
4.5362.3760.293
4.7882.4240.321
4.7522.4120.279
5.0282.5320.286
4.7162.3640.281
4.8722.460.279
4.742.4120.307
5.1722.3760.284
4.7762.3880.269
5.0042.4480.273
4.7642.4240.265
4.7522.3280.273
5.0522.3880.298
4.742.4120.268
4.7642.3640.254
tangetial
radial
Axial
,%
%
4-9
Sheet1
ringTtangetialRradialAxial
20.1011.2120.0520.6240.489
2.50.1351.6200.0690.8280.501
30.1752.1000.0720.8640.468
40.1992.3880.1011.2120.492
4.40.2132.5560.1091.3080.465
50.2362.8320.1211.4520.472
5.60.2472.9640.1271.5240.434
60.2593.1080.1321.5840.456
70.2673.2040.1411.6920.472
7.80.2833.3960.1491.7880.452
80.2883.4560.1521.8240.432
90.3013.6120.1501.8000.394
9.20.2893.4680.1561.8720.384
100.3454.1400.1742.0880.373
110.3414.0920.1822.1840.384
11.60.3484.1760.1832.1960.348
120.3524.2240.1792.1480.381
12.90.3574.2840.1812.1720.378
130.3694.4280.1822.1840.354
140.3754.5000.1932.3160.342
14.30.3824.5840.1922.3040.339
150.3924.7040.1912.2920.342
15.70.3964.7520.1932.3160.301
160.3874.6440.1942.3280.322
16.80.3994.7880.1972.3640.319
170.3984.7760.1982.3760.334
17.70.3964.7520.1952.3400.312
180.3944.7280.1962.3520.311
18.40.3934.7160.1952.3400.298
190.4124.9440.1932.3160.299
200.3974.7640.1992.3880.301
22.30.3954.7400.1972.3640.287
230.3784.5360.1982.3760.293
24.40.3994.7880.2022.4240.321
250.3964.7520.2012.4120.279
26.70.4195.0280.2112.5320.286
270.3934.7160.1972.3640.281
28.50.4064.8720.2052.4600.279
300.3954.7400.2012.4120.307
33.30.4315.1720.1982.3760.284
350.3984.7760.1992.3880.269
37.30.4175.0040.2042.4480.273
400.3974.7640.2022.4240.265
420.3964.7520.1942.3280.273
450.4215.0520.1992.3880.298
46.40.3954.7400.2012.4120.268
500.3974.7640.1972.3640.254
Sheet1
0001
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
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000
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000
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000
000
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000
000
000
000
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000
000
000
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000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
tangetial
radial
Axial
Tree ring / a
Transversal shrinkage,%
Axial shrinkage,%
Fig Wood shrinkage percent of Chinese pine in different direction
Sheet2
Sheet3
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4.2.2
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4.2.2.1 1-1 1-2 2-1 2-2
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C-CC-O1030o0.1-0.3%
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4.2.2.2 1 2 3 4 5
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4.2.3 4.2.3.1 1 W =(L max L w) 100% / L maxvW =(V max V w) 100% / V max
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2 3 KKTKRKLKVKTRLW(W1W2)KVVw-Vo100% /Vo W 4
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4.2.3.2 1202020mm2 202 2~36h0.02mm 6061032
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4.2.4 4.2.4.1 1
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()4-121 ()4-122 454-123 4-124 4-125 4-126 4-127
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2
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4.2.4.2
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4.2.4 4.2.4.1
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4.2.4.2 4.2.4.3
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4.2.4.4 4.2.4.5
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4.2.4.6
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4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3
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4.3.1 4.3.1.1
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4.3.1.2
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4.3.1.3
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4.3.2 4.3.2.1 gcm3kgm31gcm3
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4.3.2.2 1 2 3 4
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4.3.2.3 1 2 3 4
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4.3.3 4.3.3.1 4.3.3.2 1 2 3 4 5
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4.4
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4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5
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4.4.1 Q/tJ/KQt
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4.4.2 4.4.2.1
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4.4.2.2 1 2 3 4
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4.4.3
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4.4.4
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4.4.5 4.4.5.1 180CO27.88%H24.21%CH411.36%C2H63.09%C2H43.72% 250290350450
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4.4.5.2 4060
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100
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4.5 W
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4.5 4.5.1 4.5.2
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4.5.1 4.5.1.1 VIR= V/ILAm=R A/L = V A/ I LKSm
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4.5.1.2
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4.5.1.3 1 2 3 4
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4.5.2
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4.5.2.1 (Cw)C0
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4.5.2.2 1 2 3 4
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4.5.2.3 11000mm
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4.5.2.4 1 ITIRcos
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2() = tg, tg
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31000
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12~158%~12%
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4.6 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.6.3 4.6.4. 4.6.5 4.6.6
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4.6.1 Wcm2 1000Hz10-8 Wcrn2
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4.6.2 vvv()v/ v =(E/E)1/2
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(m/s)
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4.6.3
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a b1b2 c
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4.6.3.1 ()LEvfrv = (E/)1/2fr = v/2L= (E/)1/2/2 L
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4.6.3.2 ()
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4.6.3.3
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4.6.4. 4.6.4.1
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4.6.4.2 RR = v / = (E/3 )1/2
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4.6.4.3
=v = (E)1/2
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4.6.5
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4.6.5.1 104
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4.6.5.2 2cm0.190%
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4.6.5.3 (D)12
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4.6.6 4.6.6.1 ()()
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1
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2
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3
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4.6.6.2
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1() () 2FFT FFTFFT()(5)TimoshonkoEG
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3 Eu
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4 ()vvE
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4.7
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4.7 4.7.1 4.7.2 4.7.3 4.7.4
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4.7.1
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4.7.1.1
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4.7.1.2 1/f(1/f)
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4.7.1.3 80-120
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4.7.1.4 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
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(380nm)(780nm)380nm780nm
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4.7.2 4.7.2.1
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4.7.2.2 1
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210mRmaxRrmsRrmsRmax2.35.7m2150m1.217.8m31262m
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2
-
4.7.2.3
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4.7.2.4 90%
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4.7.3 4.7.3.1 700~900mL
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4.7.3.2
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()
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4.7.3.3 4-243mm5.2mm39.5mm1016.4mm57.3mm1
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4.7.4
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4.7.4.1
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4.7.4.2 60ppm90%5%100%
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4.7.4.3
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4.7.4.4 1 2 3 4