!" #$%&'()&!"#"$%& '"#()"* +%#" ,""- '"#"&./"' 0. ).-#"$0 0+" 1%#" "-"$23 (-0. "&")0$()(03 %-' 0+"3 )%- ," 4.5-' (- '(44"$"-0 '"2$""* .4 '"#"&./6"-07 8

#"$3 (-0"$"*0(-2 2$.5/ .4 1%#" "-"$23 ).-#"$0"$* 9:;<= (* ).6/.*"' .4 '($")0 '$(#" *3*0"6* 1+()+ %$" )+%$%)0"$(>"' ,3 +%#(-2 % *(6/&"$6")+%-()%& *0$5)05$" ).6/%$"' 0. .0+"$*7 ?.$ "@%6/&"A (- 0+" 8$)+(6"'"* :%#" !1(-2 98:!= %-' 0+" B//*%&%C!"%,"' 8D :;<A 0+" E.1"$

F%G"HI44 9EFI= *3*0"6 (* ).6/.*"' .4 % &(-"%$ /"$6%-"-0 6%2-"0 *3-)+$.-.5* 2"-"$%0.$ 9EJ!K=7 L5" 0. 0+" -%05$" .4 0+" .)"%- 1%#"*A0+(* "&")0$()(03 /$"*"-0* +(2+ #%$(%,(&(03 ,.0+ (- %6/&(05'" %-' (- 4$"M5"-)37 ?.$ 0+(* $"%*.-A '($")0 '$(#" *3*0"6* $"M5($" /.1"$ "&")0$.-()* 0.

).-#"$0 0+(* #"$3 ($$"25&%$ "&")0$()(03 (-0. % 4.$6 *5(0%,&" 4.$ 0+" 2$(' ).--")0(.-7 F+(* 1.$G (* 4.)5*"' .- 0+" :;< 6.'"&(-2 (- 0(6"H'.6%(-%-'A 0%G(-2 %'#%-0%2" .4 0+" "&")0$.-() ).-#"$0"$A .- 6%@(6(>(-2 0+" )%/05$"' /.1"$7

*+,-./012-13(4 50',6-./('&6107

809('&:01&.-;.<=0)&'6)(=.<1,6100'61,4.<>5!.!12+%&'6(=0%4.?@/

AB+,-"'-)B(C+9:"0%D

/-20=61,.(12.E-1&'-=.-;.(.86'0)&.8'6F0.@-61&.

#$%-'$0'.;-'.G(F0.<10',H.*('F0%&61,

!!" G<E/-20=F+" :;< 5-'"$ *05'3 (- 0+(* 1.$G (* % /.(-0 %,*.$,"$ ).-*(*0(-2 .4

% )3&(-'$()%& ,5.3 &(6(0"' 0. +"%#" 6.0(.- %-' $(2('&3 ).--")0"' 0. %EFI *3*0"6 9% &(-"%$ EJ!K= .- 0+" *"%,"'7 F+" 6.0(.- .4 0+"

,5.3 1(0+ .-" L.? )%- ," '"*)$(,"' ,3 0+" <566(-* "M5%0(.-N

!" #$%& ' () * "+ ,- * . / ' (0 * 1/*

.%" 2345 ' ( * 6 7$*&

! ?&5('O6"6.$3O"M5%0(.-N

,-$*& 6 + 8 9 :;< 9* 19%

=! ;@0"$-%&O4.$)"*O.-O0+"O,5.3N

7 * 6 7> * " 7?*@$*&! ;@)(0%0(.-O4.$)"O,3O0+"O(-).6(-2O1%#"N

7A$*& 6 + ,A$*&B * . / 1/C

DCPTO

SWL

!!!" I9&6:(= @-J0' @-61&F+" EFI 4.$)" (* 0+" "&")0$.6%2-"0() 4.$)" 2"-"$%0"' ,3 0+" 0+"

EJ!K7 F+(* 4.$)" .//.*"* 0. 0+" 6.0(.- %* % '%6/(-2 4.$)" 1(0+ %'%6/(-2 )."44()("-0 0+%0 (* /$./.$0(.-%& 0. 0+" 0$%-*&%0.$ */""' %-'

$"&%0"' 0. % $"*(*0%-)"7 !.A 0+" /$./.*"' ).-0$.& *0$%0"23 (* 0.6%@(6(>" 0+" /.1"$ "@0$%)0(.- 4.$ "%)+ *"% *0%0"7 F+5*A 0+" *3*0"6+%* ,""- 0"*0"' 1(0+*"#"$%& $"25&%$ 1%#"*

0. ('"-0(43 %- ./0(6%&'%6/(-2 9$"&%0"' 0. %

$"*(*0(#" &.%'= 4.$

"%)+ *"0 .4 +"(2+0%-' /"$(.'7 F+(*

$"&%0(.-*+(/ (* '"/"-H'"-0 .- 0+" 2"-"$%0.$

)+%$%)0"$(*0()*7

!K" E-1&'-= !:9=0:01&(&6-1F+" ./0(6%& /.1"$ /.(-0 )%- ," %)+("#"' ,3 "65&%0(-2 % $"*(*0(#"

&.%' ).--")0"' 0. 0+" &(-"%$ EJ!K 0+%0 (* $"&%0"' 0. 0+" ./0(6%&'%6/(-2 )."44()("-07 F+5*A % 0+$""H/+%*" %)H') ,..*0H$")0(4("$ (*

(6/&"6"-0"'7 F+" #.&0%2"* %0 0+" 2"-"$%0.$ 0"$6(-%&* %$"6"%*5$"' %-' '(#('"' ,3 0+" ./0(6%& $"*(*0%-)" 4.$ % 2(#"- *"%

*0%0" $"*5&0(-2 (- )5$$"-0 $"4"$"-)" *(2-%&*7 P.0" 0+%0 0+" )5$$"-0

$"4"$"-)" (* (- /+%*" 1(0+ 0+" 6"%*5$"' #.&0%2"A *. 0+" (6/"'%-)"*""- ,3 0+" &(-"%$ EJ!K (* /5$"&3 $"*(*0(#"7 F. "65&%0" 0+"

$"*(*0(#" &.%'A 0+$"" )5$$"-0 ).-0$.&&"$* +%#" ,""- %//&("' %-' 0+"($/"$4.$6%-)" %**"**"'N Q= R3*0"$"*(*H,%-' ).-0$.&&"$S T= !/%)"HU")0.$ E:J ).-0$.&&"$S %-' V= !/%0(%& +3*0"$"*(* )5$$"-0 *.5$)"7

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̂#,"+#',-%#'7^4#"+=> N%#?"+"#&" E4]42TXN:]I*^V"6<"#(^_"7=-65(^1B+*^WL[(^FGDH*

Current

Controller

Lowpass

Filter

Grid-sideGenerator-sideW0 (* (6/.$0%-0 0.-.0" 0+%0 0+" &.1H

/%** 4(&0"$ /&%3* %G"3 $.&" (- 0+"

*3*0"67 W- %''(H

0(.-A 0+" ,..*0H$")0(4("$ +%* ,""-

6.'"&"' 0%G(-2(-0. %)).5-0 0+"

*1(0)+(-2 &.**"* 0.

%**"** (0* "44(H)("-)37

K" L0%+=&%8&& .4 0+" 0+$"" ).-0$.&&"$* /$"*"-0 % #"$3 2..' '3-%6() $"*/.-*"7

R.1"#"$A 0+" &.1H/%** 4(&0"$ 65*0 ," '"*(2-"' *. 0+%0 (0 '."* -.0(-0$.'5)" % &%$2" /+%*"H*+(40 (-0. 0+" 6"%*5$"' #.&0%2"7 F+"

+3*0"$"*(*H,%-' ).-0$.& /$"*"-0* 0+" ,"*0 "44()("-)37 I- 0+" .0+"$+%-'A 0+" ).-0$.& *0$%0"23 0. 6%@(6(>" 0+" )%/05$"' /.1"$ /$.H

135 140 145 150

−100

−50

0

50

100

150

Time [s]

i a(t

) [A

]

Emulated resistance

Resistive load

139.6 139.8 140 140.2 140.4 140.6 140.8

−5

0

5

50 100 1500

0.05

0.1

γ [kN⋅s/m]

Pra

tio(%

)

(a) Wave 17.

50 100 1500

0.05

0.1

γ [kN⋅s/m]

Pra

tio(%

)

(b) Wave 18.

50 100 1500

0.01

0.02

0.03

γ [kN⋅s/m]

Pra

tio(%

)

(c) Wave 19.

50 100 1500

0.01

0.02

γ [kN⋅s/m]

Pra

tio(%

)

(d) Wave 20.

#"' 0. ," #%&('7F+" *3*0"6 +%*

,""- 0"*0"' 1(0+($$"25&%$ 1%#"*

6%0+"6%0()%&&3

2"-"$%0"' %-'A0+"-A 1(0+ 1%#"

'%0% *"$("*6"%*5$"' 4$.6

$"%& *"%*7 D.0+

*)"-%$(.* /$"*"-00+" ./0(6%& /.1"$

/.(-0 %$.5-' 0+"./0(6%& $"*(*H

0%-)"7

99