doenets.lk · 2020. 4. 29. · author: windows user created date: 8/29/2019 4:12:19 pm

,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk; me;juq;fkhdJ

21 – nghUspay; (Gjpa ghlj;jpl;lk;) Gs;sp toq;Fk; jpl;lk; - f.ngh.j (cau; ju)g; guPl;ir – 2019 - ,Wjpj; jpUj;jq;fs; cs;slf;fg;glTs;sd. 1



2019



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nghUspay;



1. (i) - r%fj;jpd; mstw;w tpUg;gq;fSld; xg;gpLifapy; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l epuk;giyf; nfhz;Ls;s cw;gj;jp tsq;fs; nghUshjhu tsq;fs; vdg;gLk;.

(01 Gs;sp)

- nghUshjhutsq;fspd; mikar; nryT Neu;f;fzpakhFk;. mtw;iwf; Fwpj;j xU Nehf;fj;jpw;fhfg; gad;gLj;JtJ vd;gJ NtnwhU Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;Jtij tpl;Lf; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;;gijf; fUJk;.

(01 Gs;sp) - nghUspayhsu;fs; nghUshjhu tsq;fis ehy;tifg; gLj;Jfpd;wdu;:

- epyk; - ciog;G

- %yjdk; - Kaw;rp.

(xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; 0.5 Gs;spfs; tPjk; nkhj;jk; 02 Gs;spfs;)



[nghUshjhu tsq;fis tifg;gLj;Jk; khw;wPlhd tpil]

- nrhj;J tsq;fs; ,aw;if tsq;fs; kw;Wk; %yjdk; (01 Gs;sp) - kdpj tsk;: ciog;Gk; Kaw;rpahz;ikAk; (01 Gs;sp)

(ii) - mUik vd;gJ xU mbg;gilg; nghUshjhug; gpur;rpidahFk;. kdpju;fspd; mstw;w tpUg;gq;fisg; G+u;j;jp nra;Ak; nghUl;L fpilf;fj; $bajhf cs;s tsq;fs; tiuaWf;fg;gl;ljhf ,Ug;gjdhy; ,g;gpur;rpid vOfpwJ. mj;Jld; ,t;tsq;fs; khw;Wg;gad;ghL ciladthFk;. (01 Gs;sp) - nghUs;fSk; NritfSk; mUikahf cs;sd vd;gjd; fUj;J jdpegu;fSk; r%fKk; jhk; tpUk;Gk; vy;yhtw;iwAk; ngw KbahJ vd;gjhFk;. ,e;j mUikg; gpur;rpidapd; fhuzkhf mUikahd tsq;fis tpidj;jpwDs;s tifapy; xJf;fPL nra;a rpy jPu;khdq;fis vLf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf khw;wPLfs; kj;jpapy; njuptpid Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba Njit cs;sJ

(01 Gs;sp) - r%fk; my;yJ jdpegu;fs; njupit Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ fpilf;fj;jf;fjhf cs;s khw;wPLfspypUe;J xd;iwj; njupT nra;fpd;wdu;. mtu;fs; vjidj;; njupT nra;j NghjpYk; mjw;Fj; gjpyhf Ntnwhd;iwAk; njupT nra;jpUf;f KbAk;. vdNt xd;iwg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; nghUl;L kw;nwhd;iw jpahfQ; nra;a NeupLfpwJ. ckJ njupit xU tpl;Lf; nfhLg;ghff; fUj KbAk;. tpl;Lf; nfhLg;G vd;gJ xd;iwg; ngWtjw;fhf kw;nwhd;iw tpl;LtpLtijf; fUJk;. khw;wPLfs; kj;jpapy; njupT nra;Ak; NghJ tpl;Lf; nfhLg;G vd;gJ jtpu;f;f KbahjjhFk;. (02 Gs;spfs;)

-

(iii) (a)

(01 Gs;sp)

(b)

(01 Gs;sp)



(c)

(01 Gs;sp)

(d)

(01 Gs;sp)

(iv) - PPC apd; kPJs;s vy;yhg; Gs;spfSk; epiwnjhopy; kl;lj;ijAk; KO cw;gj;jpiaAk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg; gLj;Jfpd;wd. PPC apd; kPJ nghUs;fs; kpff;Fiwe;j nryTila tsr;Nru;f;ifiag; gad;gLj;jp cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. (cs;sPl;L mynfhd;wpw;F cr;r ntspaPL my;yJ ntspaPl;L mynfhd;wpw;F kpff;Fiwe;j cs;sPl;L msT). vdNt PPC apd; kPJ VNjDk; xU nghUspd; mjpf mstpid kw;iwa nghUspd; cw;gj;jpia tpl;Lf; nfhLf;fhky; cw;gj;jp nra;a KbahJ. ,g;gz;G cw;gj;jp tpidj;jpwd; vdg;gLfpwJ. (02 Gs;sp)

- vt;thwhapDk; cw;gj;jp tpidj;jpwid va;JtJ ts xJf;fPl;L tpidj;jpwd; milag;ngWtij cWjpg;gLj;jhJ. r%fj;jpdhy; kpfTk; tpUk;gg;gLk; nghUs;fis cw;gj;jp nra;a tsq;fs; xUf;fPL nra;ag;gLk; NghNj xJf;fPl;L tpidj;jpwd; Vw;gLk;. cjhuzkhf cw;gj;jp tpidj;jpwDs;s xU nghUs; Nru;f;ifahdJ r%fj;jpdhy; kpfTk; tpUk;gg;gLk; xd;whf ,y;yhjpUf;fyhk;.

vdNt cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; xt;nthU nghUspdJk; vy;iyr; nrythdJ mg;nghUis thq;fp Efu;tjd; %yk; Efu;Nthu; va;Jk; vy;iy ed;ikf;F rkg;gLk; NghJ xJf;fPl;L tpidj;jpwd; va;jg;gLk;.

(02 Gs;sp)

y y

x x



(v) - re;ijg; nghUshjhuk; xd;wpy; ts xJf;fPL gw;wpa jPu;khdq;fs; kj;jpapypUe;J tUk; newpg;gLj;jy;fs; vJTkpd;wp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk.; vt;thwhapDk; mj;jPu;khdq;fs; xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. gpujhd xUq;fpizf;Fk; fUtpahf re;ijfshy; epu;zapf;fg;gl;l tpiyfs; fhzg;gLk;.

- tsq;fis xJf;fPL nra;a re;ijg; nghUshjhuj;jpw;F jpl;lkpLk; mjpfhuNkh epUthfpfs; FohNkh Njitapy;iy. jkJ Ra ed;ikapd; nghUl;L nraw;gLk; cw;gj;jpahsupdJk; Efu;NthupdJk; kpy;ypad; fzf;fpyhd jPu;khdq;fspd; fhuzkhf tpiyg; nghwpKiwahdJ ,aq;FfpwJ.

- re;ijg; nghUshjhuk; xd;wpy; ts xJf;fPL gw;wpa KOr; nrad;Kiwf;Fk; mbg;gilahf miktJ tpiyfspd; tfpghfkhFk;. ts xJf;fPl;Lj; jPu;khdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;s cjTk; rkpf;iQfis toq;Fk; Kf;fpa gzpapid tpiyfs; Mw;Wfpd;wd.

- fl;lisg;nghUshjhuq;fspy; tsxJf;fPL gw;wpa jPu;khdq;fs; kj;jpa mjpfhu rigapdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. vjid cw;gj;jp nra;tJ vt;thW cw;gj;jp nra;tJ vtu; cw;gj;jpia ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ gw;wpa mtrpakhd rfy jPu;khdq;fisAk; kj;jpa mjpfhu rigNa Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. mj;jifa nghUshjhuq;fs; eLtz;kag;gLj;jg;gl;l jPu;khdnkLj;jiyg; gz;ghff; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

- eLtz;kag;gLj;jg;gl;l jPu;khdnkLj;jy; %yk; mbg;gilg; nghUshjhug; gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;Tfhz nghUshjhuj;jpw;F tpupthd jpl;lnkhd;W NjitahFk;.cw;gj;jpf;fhd njhopDl;g rhj;jpaq;fspd; KOikahd tPr;R kw;Wk; vy;yh cw;gj;jpf; fhuzpfspd; epuk;gy; gw;wpa KOikahd tpguq;fSk; jpl;lkplyhsu;fSf;Fj; njupa Ntz;Lk;. ,j;jfty;fspd; mbg;gilapy; jpl;lkplyhsu;fs; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;glNtz;ba nghUs;fs; Nritfs; kw;Wk; mtw;iw cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; Kiw gw;wpa jkJ njupTfisj; jPu;khdpg;gu;

- gz;lq;fis xJf;fPL nra;Ak; jpl;lkplyhdJ murhizapd; %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. cjhuzkhf gq;fPl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpd; %yk;. Vt;thwhapDk; jpl;lkplyhsu;fs; gq;fPl;Lf;fhf tpiyfisg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. mtu;fs; efu;Tg; nghUs;fspd; tpiyfis epu;zapj;J mf; fl;Lg;ghl;L tpiyfspy; Efu;Nthu; jhk; tpUk;Gk; mstpidf; nfhs;tdT nra;a tpLfpd;wdu;.

( VjhtJ ehd;F tplaj;Jf;F 04 Gs;sp)



2. (a) - Fwpj;j nghUspd; tpiy

- Efu;Nthupd; gz tUkhdk;

- njhlu;Gila nghUs;fspd; tpiyfs;

- Efu;Nthupd; vjpu;ghu;f;iffs;

- Efu;Nthupd; Rit

- re;ijapy; Efu;Nthupd; vz;z;pf;if

- Vida fhuzpfs;: r%ftpay; Fbj;njhif rhu; ,aw;ifapd; nraw;ghLfs; : murhq;f eltbf;iffs; tpsk;guk;.

(vitNaDk; ,UfhuzpfSf;F 02 Gs;spfs;)

(b) xU gz;lj;jpd; tpiyapy; Vw;gLk; tPo;r;rpahdJ mjd; Nfs;tp khw;wj;ijg; ghjpg;gjpy;iy. vt;thwhapDk; gz;lj;jpd; tpiyapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; mg;nghUspd; Nfs;tpj; njhifapy; kl;Lk; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;

(02 Gs;spfs;)

(ii) - gz;lj;jpd; tpiyf;Fk; mjd; Nfs;tpj; njhiff;Fk; ,ilapy; vjpu;f;fzpaj; njhlu;G fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,j;njhlu;G Nfs;tp tpjp vdg;gLfpwJ.

- xU nghUspd; tpiy mjpfupf;Fk; NghJ Efu;Nthu; mg;nghUspd; Fiwe;j

msTf;Ff; Nfs;tp vOg;gf; fhuzq;fs; ,uz;lhFk;; (m) gjpyPl;L tpisT

kw;Wk; (M) tUkhdtpisT.

- gjpyPl;L tpisT: nghUspd; tpiy mjpfupf;Fk; NghJ Vidad khwh epiyapy; mjd; rhu;G tpiy mjpfupf;Fk;. kf;fs; rhu;G uPjpapy; tpiy $ba nghUis Fiwe;jstpy; nfhs;tdT nra;tJld; rhu;G uPjpapy; tpiy kypthd mjd; gjpyPl;Lg; nghUis mjpfstpy; nfhs;tdT nra;tu;.

(02 Gs;spfs;)



- tUkhd tpisT: nghUspd; tpiy mjpfupf;Fk; NghJ Vidad khwh epiyapy; Efu;Nthupd; nka;tUkhdk; (gztUkhdj;jpd; nfhs;tdTr; rf;jp) tPo;;r;rpailAk;. mtu;fs; Kd;G nfhs;tdT nra;j vy;yhtw;iwAk; jw;NghJ nfhs;tdT nra;a ,ayhJ. ,jdhy; rhjhuz nghUs;fspd; kPjhd Nfs;tpj; njhifapid mtu;fs; fl;lhakhff; Fiwf;f Ntz;Lk;.

(02 Gs;spfs; ) (iii) -

re;ijr; rkepiy tpiy kw;Wk; njhif:

- 60 – 3P = - 10 + 2P

- 70 = 5P P = Rs. 14 Q = 18 (02 Gs;spfs;)

- nghUspay; kpif = Efu;Nthu; kpif + cw;gj;jpahsu; kpif

- Efu;Nthu; kpif = (6 x 18) ÷ 2 = 108 ÷ 2 = 54

- cw;gj;jpahsu; kpif = (9 x 18) ÷ 2 = 162 ÷ 2 = 81

- re;ijr; rkepiyapy; nghUspay; kpif = 54 + 81 = 135 (02 gs;spfs;)

[nghUspay; kpiff; fzpg;gPl;bw;fhd khw;wPlhd tpil:]

Nfs;tp tisapapd; epiyf;Fj;jr;R ntl;Lj;Jz;bw;Fk; (= epuk;gy; njhif G+r;rpakhFk; tpiy) epuk;gy; tisapapd; epiyf;Fj;jr;R ntl;Lj; Jz;bw;Fk; (=

epuk;gy; njhif G+r;rpakhFk; tpiy) ,ilapyhd tpj;jpahrk; x rkepiyj; njhif (= 18) ÷ 2 = nghUspay; kpif

- {(20 – 5) x 18 } ÷ 2 = 270 ÷ 2 = 135 (02 Gs;spfs;)

(iv) - tsq;fisg; gjpyPL nra;jw;fhd rhj;jpaq;fs; (fhuzp mirT): xU cw;gj;jpf; fhuzpia mjd; jw;Nghija cgNahfj;jpypUe;J ,d;ndhU cgNahfj;jpw;F ,yFthf khw;wf;$ba jd;ik epuk;giyg; ghjpf;Fk;

- epuk;gy; jPu;khdj;ij vLf;Fk; fhyfl;lk;: epuk;gYf;fhd %d;W fhyfl;lq;fs;

cs;sd: (m) re;ijf; fhyfl;lk;, (M) FWq;fhyk; (,) ePz;lfhyk;.

re;ijf; fhyfl;lk; kpff; FWfpajhf ,Ug;gjdhy; Nfs;tpapYk; tpiyapYk; Vw;gLk; xU khw;wj;jpw;F cldbahfg; gjpyspf;f KbahJ. FWq;fhyj;jpy;

20

5

60 18 0

Nfs;tp

epuk;gy;

14



cw;gj;jpahsu;fs; jkJ nghwpj;njhFjpfspd; ,aysit epiyahf itj;jpUg;gjhff; fUjg; gLfpwJ. Mdhy; epWtdq;fs; jkJ nghwpj; njhFjpfis mjpf nrwpTld; ,af;f fhy ,ilntsp cs;sJ. ePz;l fhyj;jpy; epWtdq;fs; jkJ tpUg;gg;gb vy;yh tsr;rPuhf;fq;fisAk; Nkw;nfhs;sg; Nghjpa fhy ,ilntsp cs;sJ.

- nghUspd; tif (fsQ;rpag; gLj;jy; rhj;jpaq;fs;): neLtho;Tg; nghUs;fs;

(,yFtpy; moptilahg; nghUs;fs;) kw;Wk; neLtho;ty;yhg; nghUs;fs;

(,yFtpy; moptilAk; nghUs;fs;); ,yFtpy; moptilahg; nghUs;fspd; epuk;gy; nefpo;tw;wjhfTk; ,yFtpy; moptilahg; nghUs;fspd; epuk;gy;

nefpo;Ts;sjhfTk; fhzg;gLk;.

- ifapUg;Gfspd; fpilg;gdT: cw;gj;jpahsuplk; NghjpasT ifapUg;Gfs; cs;sNghJ epuk;gy; nefpo;Ts;sjhff; fhzg;gLk;.

- ,aystpd; nefpo;jd;ik (Nkyjpf ,aysT): Nkyjpf ,aysT cs;sNghJ epuk;gy; nefpo;Ts;sjhff; fhzg;gLk;.

- cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; cs;sPLfspd; tif: rpytif nghUs;fSk; NritfSk; mupjhd my;yJ tpNrl jd;ik nfhz;l cs;sPLfisg; gad;gLj;jp cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl KbAk;. ,j;jifa nghUs;fs; Nritfs; kpff; Fiwe;j epuk;gy; nefpo;r;rpia rpyNtis g+r;rpa epuk;gy;

nefpo;r;rpia nfhz;bUf;ff; $Lk;. Vida nghUs;fisAk; NritfisAk; nghJthf fpilf;ff; $batsq;fis gad;gLj;jp cw;gj;jp nra;ag;glyhk;.

mit cau;e;j epuk;gy; nefpo;r;rpiaf; nfhz;bUf;fyhk;.

(02 tpsf;fj;Jld; $ba tpil xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; 02 Gs;spfs;; tpsf;fk; jug;glhj tpil xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; 01 Gs;sp; nkhj;jk; 04 Gs;spfs;)

(v) - Nfs;tpapd; tUkhd nefpo;r;rp : tUkhd kl;lk; Nfs;tpj; njhif

35,000 30

45,000 20

[tUkhd kl;l khw;wk; ngupjhf ,Ug;gjdhy; Gs;sp nefpo;r;rpf;Fupa R+j;jpuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp nefpo;r;rpia fzpg;gpLtJ nghUj;jkw;wJ. nefpo;r;rpiaf; fzpg;gpl tpy; nefpo;r;rp R+j;jpuj;ijg; gad;gLj;JtJ nghUj;jkhdJ.]

(a) tUkhd nefpo;r;rp: Ƞ = njhif khw;wk; X ruhrup tUkhdk; tUkhd khw;wk; ruhrupj; njhif (01 Gs;spfs;)

Ƞ =

x

=

x

(01 Gs;spfs;)

Ƞ = -

= -

= - 1.6 (01 Gs;spfs;)

(Gs;sp epfo;r;rp gad;gLj;jp ,Ug;gpd; 01 Gs;sp toq;fyhk;)



(b) - ghz; xU ,opTg; nghUshFk; Vnddpy; mjd; tUkhd nefpo;r;rp

vjpu;fzpakhFk; (mjhtJ. – 1.6). (01 Gs;sp)

3. (i) - cs;sPLfspd; tpiykhw;wq;fs; (cw;gj;jpr; nryT)

- njhopy; El;g khw;wk; - njhlu;Gila nghUs;fspd; tpiyfspd; khw;wq;fs; (mNj cs;sPLfisg;

gad;gLj;jp cw;gj;jp nra;ag;glj;jf;f nghUs;fs;) - murhq;ff; nfhs;iffspd; khw;wq;fs;(tupf;nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; epu;thff;

fl;Lg;ghLfs;) - epuk;gyhsupd; vz;zpf;ifapy; khw;wk; - ,aw;if epiyikfspy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; (fhyepiyf; fhuzpfs;) - epWtdj;jpd; ,yf;Ffspy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fs;

- epWtdj;jpd; vjpu;ghu;f;iffspy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fs;

(xt;;nthd;wpw;Fk; 01 Gs;sp tPjk; ehd;F fhuzpfSf;F nkhj;jk; 04 Gs;spfs;)

(ii) - tptrhag; gz;lq;fspd; re;ijfs; mbf;fb jPtpu tpiyj;jsk;gy;fSf;F cs;shfpd;wd. tpiyj;jsk;gy;fs; tptrhar; re;ijfspd; xu; mbg;gilg; gz;ghFk;. ngUk;ghYk; ,JNt tptrhag; nghUs; tpahghuj;jpd; ,lu; mghaj;jpw;fhd gpujhd fhuzpahfTk; cs;sJ. cw;gj;jp njhlu;ghd gy jPu;khdq;fs; nghUs; tpw;gid ,lk;ngw ntF fhyj;jpw;F Kd;Ng

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtjhy; KbTg; nghUs;fs; re;ijf;F tUk;nghOJ

ngwf;$ba tpiy njhlu;gpy; xU Fwpg;gpl;lsT epr;rakw;w jd;ik epyTfpwJ. mbg;gilf; Nfs;tp epuk;gy; fhuzq;fspy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fNs ,jw;fhd gpujhd fhuzq;fshFk;.

(01 Gs;sp)

nefpo;tw;w Nfs;tp: ngUk;ghyhd Kjy; tpisTg; nghUs;fSf;fhd Nfs;tp rhu;gstpy; nefpo;tw;wjhFk;. Njapiy tpiy tPo;r;rpaile;jhy; mjd; Nfs;tp kpfr;rpwpa mstpNyNa mjpfupf;Fk;. Njapiyf;F rpy neUq;fpa gjpyPLfs; cs;sikAk; Efu;Nthdpd; tUkhdj;jpy; Njapiy kPJ nrytplg;gLk; rjtPjk; kpfTk; Fiwthf cs;sikAk; ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. ,jdhy; tpiyapy; Vw;gLk; xU khw;wk; nghUSf;fhd Nfs;tpapy; ngupa khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jhJ. czT xu; mj;jpahtrpaj; NjitahFk;. vdNt czTf;fhd Nfs;tp nefpo;tw;wjhFk;.

Nfs;tpAk; epuk;gYk; nefpo;tw;wjhf ,Ug;gjdhy; epuk;gypy; Vw;gLk; xU khw;wk; tpiyapy; fzprkhdsT khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;.nefpo;tw;w Nfs;tp



,Ug;gjdhy; Nfs;tpapy; Vw;gLk; xU khw;wk; tpiyapy; rhu;gstpy; ngupa

khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;. (01 Gs;sp)

- nefpo;tw;w epuk;gy;: FWq;fhyj;jpy; Njapiy ,wg;gu; njq;F fUth Nfhg;gp Nghd;wtw;wpd; epuk;gy; nefpo;tw;wJ. tpiy caUkhapd; tptrhapfshy; Xuputpy; epuk;giy mjpfupj;J tpl KbahJ. tptrha epyq;fis xOq;F gLj;j nghwpj;njhFjpfis mikf;f Rkhu; 3-5 tUlfhyk; Njitg;gLk;. vdNt tpiykhw;wq;fSf;F Vw;g cupa tifapy; nraw;gl ghupa fhyjhkjk; Vw;gLk;

(01 Gs;sp) - ,aw;iff; fhuzpfs;: Nfhg;gp Njapiy njq;F cUisf;fpoq;F Nghd;w tprha

tpisnghUs;fspd; epuk;gyhdJ cw;gj;jpahsu;fspd; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;F mg;ghw;gl;l rpy fhuzpfshy; (thdpiy Neha;j;jhf;fk;) khWglyhk;.

cjhuzkhf xU Muk;g ciwgdp tptrha tpisnghUs;fspd; epuk;giyg; ghjpf;fyhk; (,J tpiy mjpfupg;Gf;f ,l;Lr;nry;Yk;) tptrha tpisnghUs;fs; njhlu;gpy; ,J xU gpur;rpidahFk;. rpwe;j xU thdpiy epuk;gypy; vjpu;ghuh tifapy; ghupa mjpfupg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,jdhy; re;ijapy; kpifepiy cUthfp Jupj tpiytPo;r;rpf;F ,l;Lr;nry;Yk;. mj;Jld; Neha;j;jhf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; gPilfs; epuk;giyg; ghjpf;Fk;. cUisf;fpoq;Ffs; ,iyf; fUfy; Nehapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gbd; mJ tpiyapy; mjpfupg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;

(01 Gs;sp)

- tptrhag; nghUs;fspd; cw;gj;jpf;fhyk; nghJthf ePz;ljhFk;. mj;Jld;

mtw;Ws; ngUk;ghyhdit ,yFtpy; gOjilaf;$badthFk;. ,jdhy; jdpg;gl;l tptrhapfshy; nghUs; ifapUg;Gf;fisg; Ngz KbahJ. FWq;fhyj;jpy; tptrha tpisnghUs;fspd; epuk;gy; nefpo;tw;wjhFk;. vdNt tpiy mjpfupf;Fk; NghJ tptrhapfshy; cldbahf epuk;giy mjpfupf;f KbahJ

(01 Gs;sp) (xt;;nthd;wpw;Fk; 01 Gs;sp tPjk; ehd;F tpsf;fq;fSf;F nkhj;jk; 04 Gs;spfs;)

(iii) - cj;juthj tpiyj;jpl;lk;

- Fiwepug;Gf; nfhLg;gdTj;jpl;lk;

- Fiwe;j gl;r tpiy

- cw;gj;jp mDkjpg;gq;Ffs;

- epyj;jpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ahky; ,Ug;gjw; Cf;ftpg;Gf; nfhLg;gdTfs;

- tpiyia epiyg;gLj;Jk; ,Ug;Gj;jpl;lq;fs;

- Vw;Wkjp khdpaj;jpl;lq;fs;

- re;ijj; jfty;fs;

(xt;;nthd;wpw;Fk; 01 Gs;sp tPjk; ehd;F tpilfSf;F nkhj;jk; 04 Gs;spfs;)

(iv) (a) - tupapd; gpd;du; nfhs;tdthsu; tpiy:

QD = 200 – 2Pb QS = -100 + 4Ps

nfhs;tdthsu; tpiy (Pb) = Ps + t tpw;gidahsu; tpiy (Ps) = Pb – t

(01 Gs;sp) 200 – 2Pb = - 100 + 4 (Pb – 6) (01 Gs;sp) 200 – 2Pb = - 100 + 4Pb – 24

324 = 6Pb

54 = Pb (02 Gs;spfs;)



(b) - tupapy; ,Ue;jhd murhq;f tUtha;: tuptUtha; = xU myfpw;fhd tup x rkepiyf; Nfs;tpj; njhif (01 Gs;sp) tupapd; gpd;du; Nfs;tpj; njhif = 200 – 2 (54) = 200 – 108 = 92

(01 Gs;sp) xU myfpw;fhd tup = Rs. 6

tup tUtha; = 92 x 6 = 552 (02 Gs;spfs;)

4. (i) - epWtdj;jpw;F ntspapypUe;J ngwg;gl;L gad;gLj;jg;gLk; tsq;fspd; Neubr; nryTfs; ntspg;gilahd nryTfs; vdg;gLk;.

(01 Gs;sp)

- epWtdj;jpd; cupikahsu;fshy; toq;fg;gl;L epWtdj;jhy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; tsq;fSf;fhf mtw;wpd; cupikahsu;fshy; ,of;fg;gl;l kpfr;rpwe;j tha;g;gpd; ngWkjp (mikar; nryTfs;) cs;shu;e;j nryTfs; vdg;gLk;.

(01 Gs;sp)

ghlrhiy nry;tjd; ghlrhiy nry;tjd; ntspg;gilahd nryTfs;: cs;shu;e;j nryTfs;:

- ghlrhiy cgfuzr; nryTfs; - fhyj;jpd; mikar; nryT

- gazr; nryTfs; - ,of;fg;gl;l tUkhdq;fs; - trjpf;fl;lzr; nryTfs; - nghUshjhu eltbf;ifapy; ngw;NwhUf;F cjTk; tha;g;ig ,oj;jy; (ntspg;gilahd nryTfSf;F 01 Gs;sp cs;shu;e;j nryTfSf;F 01 Gs;sp)



(ii) - rpy tsq;fspd; cs;sPl;Lj; njhiffs; epiyahf cs;s xU fhyg;gFjpNa FWq;fhykhFk;. ngUk;ghyhd epWtdq;fspy; epWtdj;jpd; njhopy; El;gk; fl;llq;fs; kw;Wk; fUtpfs; epiyahd tsq;fshff; fhzg;gLk;.

- ePz;lfhyk; vd;gJ vy;yh tsq;fspd; cs;sPl;L msTfisAk; khw;wpaikf;fg;glf;$ba fhyg;gFjpahFk;. ,jd; NghJ vy;yh cs;sPLfSk;

khWk; cs;sPLfshf ,Uf;Fk;. - FWq;fhyj;jpy; epWtdk; epiyahd cs;sPLfisAk; khWk; cs;sPLfisAk; gad;gLj;jp cw;gj;jpapy; <LgLk;.

- FWq;fhyj;jpy; cw;gj;jpahdJ Fiwe;J nry;Yk; tpisT tpjpf;F cl;gl;bUf;Fk;. ePz;l fhyj;jpy; cw;gj;jpahdJ msTj;jpl;l tpisT tpjpf;F cl;gl;bUf;Fk;.

(xt;;nthd;wpw;Fk; 01 Gs;sp tPjk; nkhj;jk; 04 Gs;spfs;)

(iii)- Xupdj;jd;ik tha;e;j nghUs;: njhopypy; cs;s xt;nthU epWtdKk; xNu nghUisNa cw;gj;jp nra;Ak;.

- ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapyhd cw;gj;jpahsu;fs;: RahjPdkhf ,aq;Fk ngUk;vz;zpf;ifapyhd tpw;gidahsu;fs;.

- G+uzkhd jfty;fs;: tpw;gidf;F itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; nghUs;fspd; njhiffs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; tpiyfs; gw;wp nfhs;tdthsu;fs; G+uzkhf mwpe;jpUf;Fk; NghJ G+uz jfty; epyTtjhf ehk; fUjyhk;.

- cl;gpuNtrpg;gjw;Fk; ntspNaWtjw;Fkhd Rje;jpuk;: ifj;njhopypy; gpuNtrpg;gjw;F rl;luPjpahd my;yJ NtW tifapyhd jilfs; ,y;iy..

(xt;;nthd;wpw;Fk; 01 Gs;sp tPjk; nkhj;jk; 04 Gs;spfs;)

(iv) (a) rkepiy ntspaPl;L kl;lj;jpy; epWtdj;jpd; nkhj;j tUtha;:

&gh. 60 x 100 = Rs. 6000 (02 Gs;spfs;)

(b) rkepiy ntspaPl;L kl;lj;jpy; nkhj;jr; nryT:

ATC x Q = &gh. 40 x 100 = &gh. 4000 (02 Gs;spfs;)

(c) nkhj;j epiyahd nryT: AFC (= ATC – AVC) x Q = (40 – 30) x 100 =

&gh. 1000

(02 Gs;spfs;) (d) nkhj;jg; nghUspay; ,yhgk; my;yJ el;lk; = TR – TC = 6000 – 4000 =

&gh. 2000 (02 Gs;spfs;) (rkd;ghL rupahapd; 01 Gs;sp: tpil 01 Gs;sp)



5. (i) (a) cu khdpak; - jdpg;gl;lJ

(b) kUj;Jt Muha;r;rp - $l;Lr;nryT

(c) nghyp]; kw;Wk; jPaizg;G - $l;Lr;nryT

(d) ghlrhiy kjpa czT - jdpg;gl;lJ

(xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; 01 Gs;sp tPjk; nkhj;jk; 04 Gs;spfs;)



(ii) (a) mbg;gil tpiyfspy; nkhj;j $l;lg;gl;l ngWkjp GVA:

Copau;fSf;fhd rk;gsq;fs; 2,500

nkhj;j njhopw;gL kpif 6,000

cw;gj;jp kPjhd Vida tupfs; fop khdpaq;fs; 50

--------

mbg;gil tpiyfspy; GVA Rs. 8,550 gpy;ypad;

(rupahfg; gl;baypl 01 Gs;sp rupahd tpilf;F 01 Gs;sp nkhj;jk; 02 Gs;spfs;)

(b) nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp GDP:

GDP = mbg;gil tpiyfspy; GVA + cw;gj;jpfs; kPjhd tupfs; fop khdpaq;fs ; (my;yJ cw;gj;jp nghUl;fs; kPjhd Njwpa tup )

(01 Gs;sp)

GDP = 8,550 + (1200 – 250) = Rs. 9, 500 gpy;ypad; (01 Gs;sp)

(c) Njwpa Njrpa tUkhdk; NNI:

NNI = (GDP - epiyahd %yjd Efu;T) + ntspehLfspypUe;jhd Njwpa

Kjdpiy tUkhdk; (01 Gs;sp) NNI = (9,500 - 700 ) + (- 400) = Rs. 8, 400 gpy;ypad; (01 Gs;sp)

(d) nrytplj;jf;f nkhj;j Njrpa tUkhdk; GNDI:

GNDI = GDP + ntspehLfspypUe;jhd Njwpa Kjdpiy tUkhdk; +

ntspehLfspypUe;jhd Njwpa khw;wy;fs; (01 Gs;sp) GNDI = 9500 + (-400) + 1000 = Rs. 10, 100 gpy;ypad; (01 Gs;sp)

(iii)

(tiuglj;jpw;F 02 Gs;spfs;; (rkepiy tUkhd kl;lj;jpw;F 02 Gs;spfs;)

C+ I + G + (X- M)

Y

nkhj;j nryT

rkepiy Gs;sp

nka; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp



(iv) (a) – rkepiy kl;l GDP:

GDP (Y) = C + I + G + (X – M)

C = 100 + 0.9 YD (= Y-T)

Y = 100 + 0.9 (Y- 50) + 200 + 45 + 0 (01 Gs;sp)

Y = 100 + 0.9Y – 45 + 245

Y = 300 + 0.9Y

0.1Y = 300; Y = 3000 billion (01

Gs;sp)

(b) - murhq;ff; nfhs;tdTfspy; Vw;gLk; Ugh 10 gpy;ypad; mjpfupg;ghdJ nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapd; kPJ

KG x 10 (=

. x 10 =

x10 = 10 x 10 = 100 msthd ngUf;fp

tpistpidf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; - tupfspy; Vw;gLk; Ugh 10 gpy;ypad; mjpfupg;ghdJ njhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapd; kPJ

KT x 10 (=

. x 10 =

x 10 = -9 x 10 = - 90 msthd vjpu;f;fzpa

ngUf;fp tpisitf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; - vdNt murhq;ff; nfhs;tdTfisAk; tupfisAk; Vffhyj;jpy; Ugh

10gpy;ypadhy; mjpfupg;gjd; Njwpa tpisthf nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp Ugh 10 gpy;ypadhy; tpupthf;fkilAk;. ( KG x 10 = 100

mj;Jld; KT x 10 = - 90 ).

(02 Gs;spfs;)

[khw;wPlhd tpil: murhq;f nrytPl;bYk; tupfspYk; Vw;gLk; Ugh 10 gpy;ypad; rk msT mjpfupg;ghdJ rkepiy nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpia Ugh 10 gpy;ypadhy; mjpfupf;Fk;. mjhtJ G Ak; T Ak; jyh Ugh

10 gpy;ypadhy; mjpfupf;fg;gl;lhy; mJ rkepiyg; ghjPlhf miktjdhy; ghjPl;bd; mstpdhy; rkepiy cs;ehl;L ntspaPl;L kl;lk; mjpfupf;Fk;.

rkepiyg;ghjPl;Lg; ngUf;fpapd; ngWkjp 1 MFk;.]

(02 Gs;spfs;)



6 (i)- nkhcc RUf;fpahdJ elg;ghz;bd; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapy; gztPf;fj;jpd; jhf;fj;ij elg;ghz;L cw;gj;jpia mbahz;L fhyg;gFjpapd; cw;gj;jp kl;lj;jpw;F khw;wpaikg;gjd; %yk; fzpg;gPL nra;Ak; xU nghUshjhu msitahFk; nkhcc RUf;fpahdJ gpd;tUk; R+j;jpuj;jpdhy;

fzpg;gplg;gLk;:

(01 Gs;sp)

- nkh.c.c RUf;fp = ngausT nkh.c.c (eilKiwr;re;ij tpiyfspy; nkh.c.c) X 100 nka; nkh.c.c (epiyahd tpiyfspy; nkh.c.c)

(01 Gs;sp)

- nkhcc RUf;fpahdJ nghUshjhuj;jpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l vy;yhg; nghUs;fs; Nritfspd; tpiyfisAk; cs;slf;FfpwJ.

Efu;Nthu; tpiyr;Rl;nlz;dhdJ nfhOk;G khtl;lj;jpy; efu;g;gwj;jpy; thOk; kf;fspd; njupT nra;ag;gl;l xU $il Efu;Tg; nghUs;fs; Nritfspd;

tpiyfis kl;LNk cs;slf;FfpwJ.

- nkhcc RUf;fpahdJ nghUshjhu vy;iyf;Fs; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; nghUs;fs; Nritfis kl;LNk cs;slf;Fk;. Mdhy; nfhOk;G Efu;Nthu; tpiyr;Rl;nlz; cs;ehl;by; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l nghUs;fs; NritfSld; ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l nghUs;fs; NritfisAk; cs;slf;Fk;.

- nfhOk;G Efu;Nthu; tpiyr;Rl;nlz;zhdJ nfhOk;G khtl;lj;jpy; efu;g;gwj;jpy; thOk; kf;fspd; tho;f;ifr; nryT gw;wpa xU Fwpfhl;bahFk;. Mdhy; nkh.c.c RUf;fpahdJ KOg; nghUshjhuj;jpdJk; tpiyelj;ijfspd; xU Fwpfhl;bahFk;.

- nfhOk;G Efu;T tpiyr; Rl;nlz; epiyahd xU $ilEfu;Tg; nghUs;fspd; tpiyfis Efu;Nthupd; tuT nryTj;jpl;lj;jpy; mtw;wpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpw;fika epiwaplg;gl;Lf; fzpf;fg;gLk; xU Rl;nlz;dhFk;.



nkh.c.c njupT nra;ag;gl;l xU njhFjp tpiyfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;ljy;y. mj;Jld; mjpy; cs;slf;fg;gLk; nghUs;fs; Nritfspd; cs;slf;fKk; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; NtWglyhk;

(VjhtJ ,U NtWghLfSf;F 02 Gs;spfs;)

(ii) – epiwnjhopy; kl;l nkh.c.cw;gj;jpia tpQ;rpajhff; fhzg;gLk; tpUk;gg;gLk; nkhj;j nryTfspd; msT xU gztPf;f ,ilntsp vdg;gLfpwJ. ,t;tpilntspahdJ ehL cr;r ,aystpy; ,aq;Fk; NghJ cw;gj;jp

nra;ag;gLk; msTf;F NkyjpfkhfTk; cau;thfTk; fhzg;gLk; nkhj;j kpiff; Nfs;tpapd; Xu; mstPlhFk;.

(02 Gs;spfs;)

(rupahd tiuglj;jpw;F 02 Gs;spfs;)

(iii) – gzj;jpd; gupkhw;w Nehf;ff; Nfs;tpahdJ gzj;jpd; gupkhw;w Clfj;njhopw;ghl;Lld; njhlu;G gl;Ls;sJld; cj;NjrNehf;fg; gzf;Nfs;tpahdJ gzj;jpd; nry;tj;jpul;lhfr; nraw;gLk; gzpAld; njhlu;G gl;lJ.

(02 Gs;spfs;)

– tuTfSk; nrYj;jy;fSk; G+uzkhf xUq;fpizf;fg;gLtjpy;iy vdNt epWtdq;fSk; tPl;Lj;JiwapdUk; jkJ gupkhw;wq;fis rPuhf

Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fpy; gzf;ifapUg;Gfis itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf kf;fs; itj;jpUf;f tpUk;Gk; gz msT gupkhw;w Nehf;fg;gzf;Nfs;tp vdg;gLfpwJ.

gzkhdJ xU mikaar; nrytpidf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. gzj;ij tl;b

<l;bj;jUk; gpizfs; Nghd;w nrhj;Jf;fspy; KjyPL nra;ahky; gzj;ij itj;jpUg;gjdhy;

,of;fg;gLk; tl;b gzj;ijg; gzkhf itj;jpUg;gjd; mikar; nrythFk;. Mdhy;

nkhj;jr; nrytPL Expendi

Y = E

E2

NjrpatUkhdk; 0

45

YF

A

B } gztPf;f ,ilntsp

E1



nry;tj;ij gpizfs; Nghd;w nrhj;Jf;fspy; itj;jpUg;gjd; gpujhd gpur;rpid gpizfspd; tpiyfs; khwyhk; vd;gjhFk;. gpizfspd; tpiyfspy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fs; kf;fspd; gzf;ifapUg;G kPjhd Nfs;tpiag; ghjpf;Fk;. gpizfspd; tpiyfs; mbf;fb khw;wkilAk; vd;Dk; mwptpd; mbg;gilapy; kf;fs; jkJ gzf;Nfs;tpj; njhiffis khw;wpaikg;gJ cj;Njr Nehf;fg;gzf;Nfs;tp vdg;gLk;.

my;yJ

- nghJkf;fspd; gupkhw;w Nehf;fg;gzf;Nfs;tpahdJ eilKiw tpiyfspy; fzpg;gplg;gl;l Njrpa tUkhd kl;lj;Jld; Neu;f;fzpa uPjpapy; njhlu;G gl;Ls;sJ.

cj;Njr Nehf;fg; gzf;Nfs;tpahdJ tl;btPjj;Jld; vjpu;f;fzpa uPjpapy; njhlu;G gl;Ls;sJ. tl;btPjk; mjpfupf;f cj;Njr Nehf;fg;gzf;Nfs;tp FiwtilAk; (kWjiy cz;ik)

(02 Gs;spfs;)

(VNjDk; ,UNtWghLfSf;F 04 Gs;spfs;)

(iv) (a) Gjpa itg;GfSf;fhf Njitg;gLk; xJf;Ffs;: - Gjpa itg;Gj; njhif = Rs. 10, 000

- Njitg;gLk; xJf;F tPjk; = 0.25 (=25%)

- Njitg;gLk; xJf;Ffs; = 10, 000 x 0.25 = Rs. 2,500

(02 Gs;spfs;) (b) fldpd; cr;r msT:

- Gjpa itg;gpd; msT = Rs. 10,000

- itg;Gf;fhfj; Njitg; gLk; xJf;fpdsT = 10, 000 x 0.25 = 2,500

- kpif xJf;Ffs; = 10, 000 – 2, 500 = 7, 500

(02 Gs;sp)

- fldpd; cr;r msT = kpif xJf;Ffs; = Rs. 7, 500

(v) - ,yq;ifapd; gzf;nfhs;ifapd; Kf;fpa $Wfspy; xd;whd tl;btPjr; nry;topahdJ tq;fpapd; gpujhd nfhs;if tPjq;fshd Jizepy; itg;G trjp tPjk; (Standing Deposit Facility Rate - SDFR); Jizepy; fld;trjp tPjk; (Standing Lending Facility Rate -SLFR) vd;gtw;wpdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.; ,t;tl;btPjr; nry;topahdJ gzr;re;ijfspy; XupuT tl;btPjj;jpd; Nky; vy;iyiaAk; fPo; vy;iyiaAk; cUthf;Fk;. tq;fpapd; gzf;nfhs;if epiyg;ghL njhlu;gpy; rkpf;iQ toq;Fk; nghwpKiwahd ,t;tPjq;fs; xOq;fhd fhy ,ilntspfspy; kWrPuha;T nra;ag;gLfpwJ. nghJthf ,t;tha;T Mz;nlhd;Wf;F vl;Lj;jlitfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L mtrpakhapd; jpUj;jq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

(02 Gs;spfs;)



- Jizepy; trjpfs; ehshe;j Vyj;jpy; jkJ jputj;jd;ikia ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbahj gq;Fgw;Wk; epWtdq;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk;. re;ijapy; mjhtJ Vyj;jpd; Kbtpd; gpd;dUk; xU gq;Fgw;Weuplk; kpifj; (gzk;) jputj;jd;ik ,Ug;gpd; mt;thwhd epjpfis Jizepy; itg;G trjpfspd; fPo; itg;Gr; nra;ayhk;. mt;thNw xU gq;Fgw;Weu; xU gw;whf;Fiwia <Lnra;a jputj;jd;ik Njitg;gLk; NghJ Jizepy; fld; trjpapd; fPo; kPs; nfhs;tdT mbg;gilapy; epjpfisf; fld; ngwyhk;. mjd;gb ,t;trjpfs; tl;btPjq;fspd; gue;j Vw;w ,wf;fq;fs; Vw;gLj;Jtijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

(02 Gs;spfs;)

7 (i) - ts xJf;fPl;by; tpidj;jpwid Nkk;gLj;jy; (ntspthupfs; fhuzkhfTk; nghJg; nghUs;fisAk; Nkd;ikg;nghUs;fisAk; toq;Ftjd; fhuzkhfTk; tpidj;jpwdpd;ik Vw;gLfpwJ)

- epahakhd tUkhdg;gq;fPl;il cWjpg;gLj;jy; - Ngupdg; nghUshjhu cWjpg;ghl;il miljy; - nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpiaAk; Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jpiaAk; Nkk;gLj;jy; - tpidj;jpwdhf ,aq;Fk;re;ij Kiwikf;fhd rl;lf;fl;likg;gpidj; jhgpj;jy; (rl;lj;ijAk; xg;ge;jq;fisAk; mKy;gLj;jy;) - cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jpia Cf;Ftpj;jy; - Nghl;bj;jd;ikia cWjpg;gLj;Jk; epUthff; fl;Lg;ghLfs;

(xU njhopw;ghl;bw;F 01 Gs;sp nkhj;jk; 04 Gs;spfs;)

(ii) - nghJg;nghUs; kw;Wk; miuFiwg; nghJg; nghUs; cw;gj;jpf;fhf tsq;fis xJf;fPL nra;ahjpUj;jy; my;yJ Fiwthf xJf;fPL nra;jy;

- cw;gj;jpapYk; Efu;tpYk; ntspthupfs; fhzg;gly; - nghJtsq;fspd; kpifg;gad;ghL

- tUkhdr; rkkpd;ik

- re;ijr; rf;jp - fhuzp mirT

- jfty;fspd; xj;jiktpd;ik Information asymmetry

- njhiye;J Nghd re;ijfs;

(xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; 01 Gs;sp tPjk; ehd;F fhuzq;fSf;F nkhj;jk; 04 Gs;spfs;)



(iii) - Jha nghJg;nghUs;fs; Efu;tpd;NghJ Nghl;bj;jd;ikaw;witahfTk; tpyf;Fjy; tpjpf;F cl;ghlhjitahfTk; ,Uf;Fk;

- Nkd;ikg; nghUs;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfs; vd;git Efu;tpd; NghJ Neu;f;fzpa ntspthupfis cUthf;Fk; jd;iknfhz;litahFk;. vdNt Efu;tpd; r%f ed;ikahdJ jdpahu; ed;ikfis tpQ;rpajhff; fhzg;gLk;.

- xU nghJtsk; vd;gJ Nghl;bj;jd;ik tha;e;jjhfTk; tpyf;Fjy; tpjpf;F cl;glhjjhAk; ,Uf;Fk;. xU nghJ tsj;ij xUtu; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ ,d;ndhUtUf;F fpilf;ff;$ba mjd; njhifmsT Fiwtiltjdhy; Efu;tpy; Nghl;bj;jd;ik tha;e;jjhFk;.

- ,aw;ifj;jdpAupikapy; msTj;jpl;lr; rpf;fdq;fs; ntspaPl;bw;Ff; Nfs;tp epyTk; cw;gj;jp tPr;R KOtJk; fhzg;gLk;. Vw;nfdNt ,aq;fpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; epWtdk; mjd; rhj;jpakhd Nghl;bahsu;fSld; xg;gpLifapy; kpfg;ngupa mD$yj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

(xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; 01 Gs;sp tPjk; ehd;F tplaq;fSf;F nkhj;jk; 04 Gs;spfs;)

(iv) tupfs; Vd; mtrpak;? - murhq;f nrytPLfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; nghUl;L

tUtha;fisj;jpul;ly;

- ntspthupfisr; rupnra;jy;:

- jdpAupik ,yhgq;fs; kPJ tuptpjpj;jy;

- nghJg; nghUs;fisAk; Nkd;ikg; nghUs;fisAk; toq;f epjptoq;fy;

- Nkd;ikaw;w (demerit goods) nghUs;fspd; Efu;it Cf;Ftpf;fhiknry;tk; kw;Wk; tUkhd rkkpd;;ikfis Fiwf;f tUkhdg; gq;fPl;il khw;wpaikj;jy;

- nfapd;]pa nghUshjhu Kfhikj;Jtk;

(rkNahrpjkhd,iwf;nfhs;if)

- kpifahd xU gztPf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jhky; epiwnjhopy; kl;lk; epiyahd nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp Mfpa Fwpf;Nfhs;fis miltjw;fhf nkhj;jf; Nfs;tp kl;lj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;.

- nrd;kjp epYitg; gpur;rpidfis kl;Lg;gLj;jy;

- ,sepiyf; ifj;njhopy;fisg; ghJfhj;jy;

(,uz;L fhuzq;fSf;F 01 Gs;sp nkhj;jk; 02 Gs;spfs;)

ey;y tupnahd;wpd; tpUk;gj;jf;f gz;Gfs;:

- xg;GuT: tupahdJ tupapWg;ghsupd; nrYj;Jk; ,aYikia mbg;gilapy; mika Ntz;Lk;.

- rpf;fdk;: tupr;Nrfupg;G ,yFthdjhfTk; kypthdjhfTk; epu;tfpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;, ,jdhy; tupr;Nrfupf;Fk; nryTld; xg;gpLifapy; tupr;Nrfupg;G tpisT cr;rg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

- epr;raj;jd;ik: vjid vjw;fhf vg;NghJ vq;Nf vt;thW nrYj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ tupapWg;ghsUf;Fj; njupe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;



- tpidj;jpwd;: xU tupahdJ gf;f tpisTfs; ,d;wp mjd; cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l Nehf;fj;ij mila Ntz;Lk;

- nefpo;jd;ik: Gjpa R+o;epiyfis vjpu;nfhs;s rpy tupfis ,yFthf khw;wpikf;fg;gl Ntz;bapUf;Fk;

(,uz;L gz;GfSf;F 01 Gs;sp nkhj;jk; 02 Gs;spfs;)

(v) - ghjPl;bd; Muk;g epYit vd;gJ ed;nfhilfis cs;slf;fpa nkhj;j murhq;f tUtha;fSf;Fk; tl;br; nrYj;jy;fs; jtpu;e;j murhq;f nryTfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd NtWghlhFk;. NtWtifapy; tiu tpyf;fzg;gLj;Jtjhapd; ghjPl;bd; nkhj;jf; Fiwepiyf;Fk; tl;br; nrYj;jy;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd NtWghlhFk;

(tpdh Kaw;rpf;fg;gbd; Gs;spfs; toq;fTk;) (02 Gs;spfs;)

- ghjPl;bd; Muk;g epYitahdJ, murhq;fg; gLfld; ,aq;fpaiyj; jPu;khdpf;Fk; xU Kf;fpa fhuzpahFk;. nkh.c.cw;gj;jpapd; rhu;ghf murhq;ff; fld;rjtPjj;ij epiyg;gLj;jp mjid xU Fwpj;j ngWkhdj;ij Nehf;fp Fiwe;J nry;Yk; ghijapy; nrYj;j Ntz;Lkhapd; NghjpasT Kjdpiy kpifepiyia ePz;l fhyj;jpw;F cUthf;f Ntz;Lk

- tl;br; nrYj;jy;fs; cs;slq;fyhf nryTfis <Lnra;a murhq;fj;jpd; fld;ngWk; Njitfis Kjdpiy gw;whf;Fiwfhl;LfpwJ. vdNt Kjdpiy gw;whf;Fiw G+r;rpakhapd; ghjPl;Lf;Fiw epiy tl;br; nrYj;jy;fSf;F rkdhFk;. ,jdhy; Vw;nfdNt cs;s fld;fs; NkYk; mjpfupf;fhJ

- Kjdpiy epYitahdJ ,iwg; nghWg;gpd;ikia (fiscal irresponsibility) fhl;Lk; xU mbg;gil msitahFk;. mJ jw;Nghij ,iw Kaw;rpapd; xU Fwpfhl;bahf fUjg;gLfpwJ. Kd;ida fld; mstpd; mbg;gilapNyNa tl;br; nrYj;jy;fs; epzapf;fg;gLfpd;wd. nkh.c.cw;gj;jpapy; cau; ntspepd;w fld;fisf; nfhz;Ls;s ehLfs; Kjdpiy kpifepiyia cUthf;fpf; nfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhFk;. nghJthf ,J xU Kf;fpa Njitg;ghlhf ,Ue;j NghjpYk; fld; nkh.c.c tpfpj;ijf;Fiwg;gjpy; NghJkhd xd;wy;y

(VNjDk; ,U fhuzq;fSf;F 01 Gs;sp nkhj;jk; 02 Gs;spfs;)



(i) Vw;Wkjpfs; ,wf;Fkjpfs;

- MilfSk; GilitfSk; - vupnghUs; - Njapiy - fl;llg; nghUs;fs; - ngw;Nwhypag; nghUs;fs; - ,ae;jpuq;fSk; cgfuzq;fSk; - thridj;jputpaq;fs; - thfdq;fs;

(xt;nthU Vw;Wkjp Vw;Wkjp kw;Wk; ,wf;Fkjp tiff;Fk; jyh 0.5 Gs;sp tPjk; Vw;WkjpfSf;F nkhj;jk; 02 Gs;spfs; ,wf;FkjpfSf;F nkhj;jk; 02 Gs;spfs;)

(ii) - Nghl;b ed;ik vd;gJ xU tpahghu epWtdk; mjd; Nghl;bahsu;fSld; xg;gpLifapy; mtu;fSf;F Nky; nfhz;Ls;s ed;ikahFk;. ,jid thbf;ifahsu;fSf;F mtu;fs; toq;Fk; rpwe;j kw;Wk; cau; ngWkjpapd; %yk; milayhk;. Nghl;bahsu;fSld; xg;gpLifapy; xNu ed;ikapid Fiwe;j nrytpy; toq;f KbAkhapd; Nghl;b ed;ik epyTtjhff; nfhs;syhk;. my;yJ Nghl;bahsiu tpl cau;thd ed;ikia my;yJ Nritia toq;fy; (Ngjg;gLj;jy; ed;ik) Clhf mjpf tpiyia epahag;gLj;jy;. ,t;ntz;zf;fUit xU epWtdj;jpw;Nfh my;yJ KO ehl;bw;Nfh gad;gLj;jyhk;. Nghl;b ed;ik vd;gJ kypthd Copak; vd;W jhuhskhf cs;sJ ey;y xU nghUshjhuj;jpw;F ,aw;if tsq;fs; Njitapy;iy vd;Dk; rpe;jidapy; ngUksT jq;fpAs;sJ. (02 Gs;spfs;)



- Nghl;b ed;ikapd; %yhjhuq;fs;: nryT ed;ikapd; %yhjhuq;fs;:

cau;e;j cw;gj;jpj; jpwd; kl;lq;fs; cau;e;j ,aysTg; gad;ghL cw;gj;jp cs;sPLfSf;F Mff; Fiwe;j tpiyfisg; ngWk;

nghUl;L Nguk; NgRk; rf;jpiag; gad;gLj;jy; cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiwapy; njhopy; El;gj;jpd; tpidj;jpwdhd

gad;ghL kpfTk; tpidj;jpwdhd tpdpNahf khu;f;fq;fis miljy;.

nghUs; Ntwhf;fj;jpd; %yhjhuq;fs;: mjpAau;/ kPAau; juKila nghUs;fs; tu;j;jff;Fwpaply; (tYthd Efu;Nthu; mq;fPfhuk; kw;Wk; tpUg;gk;;

tu;j;jff; Fwpaply; kPjhd tpRthrk;) Gj;jhf;fq;fs; cw;gj;jpfs; kw;Wk; Gyikr; nrhj;Jf;fs; njhlu;r;rpahd Cf;Ftpg;Gfs; – tpsk;guk; kw;Wk; mDruiz

%yk; (,U %yhjhuq;fSf;F 01 Gs;sp nkhj;jk; 02 Gs;spfs;)

(iii) (a) tu;j;jf epYit = nghUs; Vw;Wkjp – nghUs; ,wf;Fkjp (01 Gs;sp) = 1500 – 1300 = Rs. 200 gpy;ypad; (01 Gs;sp)

(b) eilKiwf;fzf;F epYit = tu;j;jf epYit + gzpfs; fzf;F epYit +

Kjdpiy tUkhdf;fzf;F epYit + ,uz;lhk; epiy tUkhdf;fzf;F epYit (01 Gs;sp)

eilKiwf;fzf;F epYit = 200 + (500 – 400) + (800 – 600) +100 = 600

(01 Gs;sp) (c) epjpf;fzf;F epYit = Njwpa Neub KjyPL + Njwpa gl;bay; KjyPLfs; + Vida Njwpa KjyPLfs; + xJf;Fr; nrhj;Jfs; (01 Gs;sp) epjpf;fzf;F epYit = 350 + 150 + 120 + 160 = Rs. 780 gpy;ypad;

(01 Gs;sp) (d) Njwpa Vw;Wkjpfs; = (nghUs; Vw;Wkjpfs; – nghUs; ,wf;Fkjpfs;) +

(gzpfs; Vw;Wkjpfs; – gzpfs; ,wf;Fkjpfs;)

(01 Gs;sp) Njwpa Vw;Wkjpfs; = (1500 – 1300) + (500-400) = 200 + 100 = Rs. 300 gpy;ypad; (01 Gs;sp)

(iv) -2018 ,d; Kjy; ehd;F khjq;fspy; rhu;gstpy; epiyahdjhf ,Ue;j mnkupf;f nlhyUf;Fk; ,yq;if UghTf;Fk; ,ilapyhd ngausT ehzakhw;WtPjk; mjd;gpd;du; Fwpg;ghf 2018,d; ,Wjpg;gFjpapy; fzprkhd mOj;jq;fSf;F cl;gl;lJ.

- ntspehl;L ehzakhw;Wr; re;ijapy; Kiwahd xU rPuhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy; kj;jpa tq;fpahdJ jiyaPl;il Nkw;nfhz;bUe;j



NghjpYk; ehzakhdJ 2018 brk;gu; khjKbtpy; Kd;ida Mz;iltpl 19.6 tPj ngWkjpj;Nja;Tf;Fl;gl;bUe;jJ.

cs;Su;f;fhuzpfSk; ntspehl;Lf;fhuzpfSk; ,yq;if ehzaj;jpd;

Jupj ngWkjpj; Nja;Tf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jd.

cs;Su;f;fhuzpfs;: - Vw;Wkjpr; rk;ghj;jpaq;fspd; nkJthd tsu;r;rp - ,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdq;fspd; Jupj mjpfupg;G (thfdq;fs; jq;fk; Nghd;w

mj;jpahtrpaky;yhg; nghUs;fs;) - cau;thd fld;njhif kPsr;nrYj;jy; kw;Wk; tl;br; nrYj;jy;fSld; ,yq;ifapd; fld; Nritr; nrYj;jy;fspy; Vw;gl;l Jupj mjpfupg;G

- Fwpg;ghf Mz;bd; ,Wjp %d;W khjq;fspy; Vw;gl;l rhjfkw;w murpay; epfo;Tfs; - Vw;Wkjpfspy; ,Ue;jhd nlhyu; tUtha;fs; Fiwthf ,Ue;jik. - ru;tNjr ehza epjpaj;jpd; tpupthf;fg;gl;l epjptrjpapd; EFF %yk; - ,yq;iff;F toq;fg;gl;l fldpd; 6tJ jtiz fhyjhkjkhfpajhy;

Vw;gl;l vjpu;f;fzpa rpe;jidg; Nghf;Ffs;. - cj;jpNahfG+u;t xJf;Ffspd; gw;whf;Fiw

ntspehl;Lf;fhuzpfs;:

- mnkupf;fhtpd; kj;jpatq;fp Federal reserve Bank njhlu;r;rpahf ehd;F

Kiw tl;btPjq;fis cau;j;jpaJ ,jdhy; jPuptkhd %yjd

ntspNaw;wk; epfo;e;jJld; nlhyUf;fhd ,wf;Fkjpahsu; Nfs;tp

cau;e;jJ - ngw;Nwhypa tpiy cau;T

- %yjd ntspNaw;wk;

(xt;nthU fhuzpf;Fk; 01 Gs;sp tPjk; ehd;F fhuzpfSf;F nkhj;jk; 04 Gs;spfs;)

9. (i)

- nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp vd;gJ fhyg;gFjpnahd;wpy; nghUs;fs; Nritfspd; ngsjPf mstpy; Vw;gLk; tpupthf;fkhFk;. mjd; %yk; tho;f;ifj;juj;jpy; Vw;gLk; Kd;Ndw;wq;fNshL njhlu;Gila r%fj;jpd; juj;jpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fs; cs;slf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. cau;e;j tho;f;ifj;juj;ij va;j cau;thd nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp mtrpakhapDk; mJ nghUs;fis ikag;gLj;jpajhf my;yhky; kf;fis ikag;gLj;jpajhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;



- nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpia mile;Js;s gy ehLfs; tho;f;ifj;ju Nkk;ghl;il Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; Njhy;tpaile;Js;sd. nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp gw;wpa jfty;fspy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLtijg; Nghy Rfhjhuk; fy;tp kw;Wk; mjNdhL njhlu;Gila eltbf;iffs; kPJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; mjpfupj;j nrytPLfspd; mbg;gilapy; kdpj mgpUj;jpia Nehf;FtJ NghJkhdjd;W.

- tsu;r;rpahdJ kdpju;fspd; ,aYikia tpupthf;Ftjpy;

ftdQ;nrYj;jNtz;Lk;. mgptpUj;jp vd;gJ ,aYikia my;yJ Mw;wiy tpupTgLj;jyhFk;. vdNt mJ kf;fs; vtw;iwnay;yhk; nra;Ak; Mw;wYilatu;fshf cs;sdu; vd;gjpy; ftdQ; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf mtu;fshy; vOj thrpf;f KbAkh? mtu;fs; mjpf fhyk; tho;fpd;wduh? vd;gNj Kf;fpakhdJ khwhf Rfhjhuj;jpd; kPJ vt;tsT nrytplg;gl;lJ vd;gjd;W.

- tho;f;ifj;ju Nkk;ghnld;gJ gw;whf;Fiwia ePf;FtJ my;yJ njupTfis tpupthf;FtjhFk;. gw;whf;Fiw vd;gJ tWikapd; kPJ xU gy;gupkhzg; ghu;itia gpujpepj;Jtg; gLj;JfpwJ. mjpy; grp vOj;jwptpd;ik Neha; kw;Wk; eype;j cly; eyk; mjpuhukw;w epiy FunyOg;g Kbahik ghJfhg;gpd;ik mtkhdg;gLj;jg;gly; mbg;gil cl;fl;likg;G trjpfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbahik vd;gd cs;slf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

- nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpahdJ tho;f;ifj;juj;ij Nkk;gLj;JtJ njhlu;gpy;

mu;j;jKs;sjhf mika Ntz;Lkhdhy; mJ tsu;r;rpr; nrad;Kiwapd; Clhf njhopypd;ik tUkhdr; rkkpd;ik vd;gtw;iwf; Fiwg;gij cWjpnra;a Ntz;Lk;.

- tsu;r;rpr; nrad;KiwahdJ ngz;fspd; tfpghfk; kw;Wk; rkj;Jtk; Fwpj;J mjpf ftdQ; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; mtu;fs; Mz;fNshL xg;gpLifapy; mjpfsT tWik epiyapy; cs;sdu; mj;Jld; cw;gj;jp eltbf;iffspYk; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpapYk; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;Wfpd;wdu;. Njitg;gLtJ ahnjdpy; ghy;epiy czu;jpwd; nfhz;l fyhrhukhFk;. ngz;fis jkf;Ff;fPo; epiyapy; cs;stu;fshff; fUJk; epiyapd; khw;wKk; ,jpy; cs;slq;Fk;.

- tsu;r;rpahdJ kf;fspy; tho;f;ifj;juj;ij Nkk;gLj;j Ntz;Lkhapd; mJ midj;ijAk; cs;slf;fpajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

midj;ijAk; cs;slf;fpa tsu;r;rpahdJ nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpapd; Ntfk; kw;Wk; tpjk; vd;gtw;iwj; jhz;bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,J tsu;r;rpr; nrad;KiwapypUe;J xJf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;F tha;g;Gfis toq;f mtrpakhdjhFk;. ,jdhy; r%fj;jpd; vy;yh mq;fj;jtu;fSk; tsu;r;rpf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;J mjd; ed;ikfis mDgtpf;f KbAk;.

.

- nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp tho;f;ifj;juj;ij Nkk;gLj;j Ntz;Lkhapd; Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jpia cWjpnra;jhNyNa rhj;jpakhFk;. jw;NghJ mjpfupj;j tUkhdk; vjpu;fhyj;jpy; Rw;whlyhdJ mNjasT tUkhd kl;lj;ijg; ngWk; Mw;wiyf; Fiwf;fhky; ,Uf;Fk; topapidf; fhz Ntz;Lk;

- nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpAld; murpay; khw;wKk; mgptpUj;jpf;F Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. murpay; kw;Wk; rptpy; Rje;jpuq;fs; tho;f;ifj;juj;Jld; ,ize;J nry;tdthFk;. (xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; 01 Gs;sp nkhj;jk; 5 Gs;spfs;)



(ii) - ,lk; ngau;e;Njhu; Nehahspfs; cly;uPjpapyhd FiwghLfSld; tho;Nthu; KjpNahu; ngz;fs; rpWtu;fs; Nghd;w twpa kw;Wk; ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba epiyapy; cs;stu;fis ghJfhg;gjpy; r%fghJfhg;G mf;fiw nrYj;JfpwJ

(01 Gs;sp) - r%f ghJfhg;gpd; Nehf;fk; gue;J gl;ljhFk;. tWik kw;Wk;

ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba jd;ikiaf; Fiwj;jy; kdpj %yjdj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;gy; ngz;fisAk; rpWkpfisAk; tYT+l;ly; tho;thjhuj;ij Nkk;gLj;jy; nghUjhshjhu kw;Wk; Vida mjpu;r;rpfSf;F gjpyspj;jy; Nghd;wd r%f ghJfhg;gpd; Nehf;fq;fshFk;. (01 Gs;sp)

- tUkhd cjtp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;

- twpatu;fSf;fhd rKu;j;jp tUkhd khw;wy;

- Aj;jj;jpy; capupoe;j gilapdupd; FLk;gq;fSf;Fk; mq;ftPdkile;j rpg;gha;fSf;Fkhd tUkhd cjtp - Aj;jj;jpdhy; ,lk;ngau;e;j Ml;fSf;fhd cjtp

- mq;ftPdkile;jtu;fSf;fhd khjhe;j nfhLg;gdT

- KjpNahu;fSf;fhd khjhe;jf; nfhLg;gdt

- nghJ kf;fSf;F cjTk; khjhe;j nfhLg;gdTfs; - njhopy; GupaKbahjsT Neha;tha;g;gl;Ls;s kf;fSf;fhd cjtp - tul;rpfs; nts;sg;ngUf;Ffs; Gay;fs; Nghd;w ,aw;if mdu;j;jq;fshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;fhd cjtpfs;.

- Ngh\hf;F cjtp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; - jpupNgh\ Njrpa epug;G czT epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; (khjhe;jk; 2 jpupNgh\

igf;fw;Wfis toq;fy;) - Ngh\hf;F nfhLg;gdT (Ngh\hf;F nghjp czT Kj;jpiu khjhe;jk;

Ugh.2000) - Kd;gs;spr; rpWtu;fSf;fhd Jha;ikahd ghy;

(xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; 01 Gs;sp tPjk; %d;W tplaq;fSf;F 03 Gs;spfs;)

(iii) - [pdp Fzfk; tUkhdr;rkkpd;ikia mstplg; gutyhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; msitahFk;; mJ xU nghushjhuj;jpd; tUkhdg;gq;fPlhdJ G+uz tUkhd rkgq;fPl;bypUe;J vt;tsT Jhuk; tpyfpAs;sJ vd;gij mstpLfpwJ. Nyhud;]; tisaPf;F cl;gl;l gpuNjrj;ij 450 Nfhl;bw;F cl;gl;l gpuNjrj;jpd; tpfpjkhff; fzpg;gply;

(01 Gs;sp)

- Nyhud;]; tisapahdJ tUkhd rkkpd;ikiaf; fhl;Lk; ,yFthd xU topahFk;.

Nyhud;]; tisapahdJ rdj; njhifapy; xU Fwpj;j rjtPjj;jpdu; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;Sk; tUkhdr; rjtPjj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jk;. mJ G+uz tUkhd rkgq;fPl;ilf;fhl;Lk; 45 ghiff; Nfhl;bd; rhu;ghf ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk;. 45

ghiff; NfhlhdJ rdj; njhifapd; xU Fwpj;j rjtPjj;jpdu; mNj rjtPj tUkhdj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhs;tij fhl;Lk;. vdNt 45 ghiff; Nfhl;bypUe;J Nyhud;]; tisap tpyfpr; nry;tJ tUkhdr; rkgq;fPbd;ik mjpfupj;Jr; nry;tijf; fhl;Lk;.



(01 Gs;sp)

- ntt;NtW tUkhd tFg;gpdu; kj;jpapy; fhzg;gLk; tUkhd Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; gw;wpa tpguq;fis [pzp Fzfk; toq;Ftjpy;iy. KOr; rdj;njhif kj;jpapy; epyTk; tUkhd Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; gw;wpa NkNyhl;lkhd xU jftiy klLNk mJ toq;FfpwJ. Mdhy; Nyhuz;]; tisapahdJ ntt;NtW tUkhd tFg;gpdu; kj;jpapy; epyTk; Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; gw;wpa tpupthd jfty;fis toq;FfpwJ.

(02 Gs;spfs;) - xNukhjpupahd tUkhdq;fisAk; [pzpFzfq;fisAk; nfhz;Ls;s

ehLfspYk; mtw;wpd; tUkhdg;gq;fPL NtWglyhk;. Vnddpy; mtw;wpd; Nyhuz;]; tisapfs; NtWgl;l tbtq;fisf; nfhz;bUe;jhYk; mtw;wpd; [pzpFzfq;fs; xd;whf ,Uf;fyhk;. xU jPtpukhd cjhuzkhf xu nghUshjhuj;jpy; tPl;Lj;Jiwapdupy; ghjpastpdu; tUkhdk; ciof;fhj re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; kw;iwa ghjpapdu; tUkhdj;ij rkkhfg; gq;fpl;Lf;nfhz;lhy; [pzpFzfk; 0.5 MFk;. ,jdhy; ehLfSf;fpilNa tUkhd Vw;wj;jho;tpy; epyTk; NtWghLfis fhz;gjw;fhd xU mbg;gilahf [pzpFzfj;ijg;gad;gLj;JtJ gpioahd KbTfSf;F ,l;Lr; nry;yyhk;. (01 Gs;sp)

(nkhj;jk; 05 Gs;spfs;) (iv) - ,yq;ifahdJ fy;tp kw;Wk; Rfhjhuj;Jiwfspy; ghy;epiyr;

rkj;Jtj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; xU gpuhe;jpa Kd;Ndhbahf ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. Mdhy; ,J njhopw;gilapy; ngz;fspd; Jbg;ghd gq;Fgw;wypy; gpujpgypf;ftpy;iy. gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; cs;s vOr;rpngw;WtUk; ehLfSlDk; rpy Fiwe;j tUkhdk; ngWk; mgptpUj;jpaile;J tUk; ehLfSlDk; xg;gpLk; NghJ ,yq;ifapy; ,J FiwthfNt cs;sJ. njhopw;gilapd; gq;Fgw;wy; tPjj;jpy; epyTk; ghupa ghy;epiy ,ilntspf;F gyfhuzq;fs; cs;sd.

- tPl;Lj;Jiwg; nghWg;Gf;fis (rpWtu;fisAk; Kjpa ngw;NwhiuAk; ftdpj;Jf; nfhs;sy;) Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf ngz;fs; njhopw;gilapypUe;J tpyf epu;g;ge;jpf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;.

- tPl;Lj;Jiwapd; nghWg;GfSk; flikfSk; mjpfkhf ngz;fs; kPNj Rkj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

- njhopw; re;ijapd; NjitfSf;fika nghUj;jkhd Kiwahd jpwd;fis ngz;fs; ngw;Wf; nfhs;shj gbapdhy; kdpj %yjdk; vd;w uPjpapy; ngz;fs; nghUj;jkw;w epiyapy; cs;sdu;.

- njhopw; Njly; njhopypy; mku;j;jy; kw;Wk; gjtpcau;Tr; nrad; Kiwfspy; ghy;epiyg; ghFghL epyTfpwJ

- tPl;L Ntiyfs; KjpNahu; guhkupg;G kw;Wk; rpWtu; guhkupg;G njhlu;gpy; ngz;fspd; nghWg;G gw;wpa epyTk; r%f xOf;fhWfs; njhopw;gilapy; mtu;fs; ,iztijAk; njhopiyg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpYk; jilahf mikfpd;wd.

- ghy;epiy gw;wpa xOf;fhWfs; Mz;fistpl ngz;fspd; mirtpid –Fwpg;ghf njhopYf;fhfg; ngz;fs; gazk; nra;tij- kl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ,J Ntiyf;fhf ngz;fs; ghJfhg;ghd mj;Jld; nrsfupakhd Nghf;Ftuj;ijg; ngWtijj; jilnra;fpd;wJ.



- njhopw;re;ijapy; ghy;epiyf; $yp ,ilntsp epyTfpwJ. (xNukhjpupahd cw;gj;jpg; gz;Gfisg; gfpu;e;J nfhz;bUe;jhYk; ruhrupahf Mz;fis tpl ngz;fs; Fiwthd Ntjdq;fisNa ngWfpd;wdu.; ,J ngz;fs; njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fisj; NjLtij Cf;Ftpg;gjpy;iy.

- ghuk;gupa csg;ghq;Ffs;: Mz;fs; nghUsPl;;Ltjpy; <LglNtz;Lk; ngz;fs; tPl;Lg;nghWg;Gfis Vw;fNtz;Lk; vd ehl;by; MoNtUd;wpAs;s r%f xOf;fhWfs;. ngw;Nwhu; kfs;khiutpl kfd;khiuNa njhopy; nra;a (Fwpg;ghfj; jdpahu; Jiwapy;) Jhz;Lfpd;wdu;. ,J ngz;fs; nghUshjhu Rje;jpuj;ij miltijj; jilnra;fpwJ.

(xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; 01 Gs;sp tPjk; 05 fhuzq;fSf;F 05 Gs;spfs;)

10. (i) tsu;r;rpr; nrayhw;wk;:

- mz;ik Mz;Lfspy; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpahJ vjpu;ghu;j;jij tplf;FiwthfNt ,Ue;jJ. fle;j ehd;fhz;Lfspd; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp tPjq;fs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd:

2001 Mz;bd; gpd;du; 2018 Mz;bNyNa nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp tPjk; kpff;Fiwthf ,Ue;Js;sJ.

2015 2016 2017 2018

5.0% 4.5% 3.4% 3.2% (01 Gs;sp) (2018 ,y;yhtpbDk; Gs;sp toq;fTk;)

- Vw;Wkjp Cf;Ftpg;G ntspehl;L Neub KjyPl;ilf; ftu;jy; ghjPl;Lf; FiwepiyapidAk; fld; kl;lq;fisAk; Fiwj;jy; fhuzpr;re;ijfis kPs cUthf;fy; nghJ epUthfj;ij tYg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; rl;lthl;rpia cWjpg;gLj;jy; Nghd;wtw;wpy; tsu;r;rpia Cf;Ftpf;Fk; rPu;jpUj;jq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;JtijAk; tsu;r;rpf;fhd jilf;fhuzpfisf; ifahs;tijAk; fhyjhkjg;gLj;jpaikahdJ mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy; ,yq;ifg; nghUshjhuj;jpd; Njf;f epiyf;F ngUkstpy; gq;fspj;Js;sJ.



- fhyj;jpw;Ff;fhyk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l Kuz;ghlhdJk; vjpu;T $wKbahjJkhd nfhs;iffs; fhuzkhf KjyPl;lhsupd; czu;Tfs; Vkhw;we;jUk; tifapy; kl;lkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,jw;fhd fhuzk; ngUk;ghYk; murpay; uPjpahdJ.

- $l;likg;G murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;ifj;jPu;khdq;fs; kpfTk; ke;jfjpapNyNa efu;e;jd. jPu;khdq;fs; vLf;fg;gl;lhYq;$l mit ngUk;ghyhd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; FsWgbahd rkpf;iQfis toq;fpd.

- ntspg;Gw vjpu;g;GfSk; Ntiy epWj;jq;fs; Mu;ghl;lq;fs; Mfpa gputhfq;fSld; mbf;fb vOk; xU gpur;rpidahf cs;sJ. 2012-2014 fhyg; gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; 2015-2018 fhyg;gFjpapy; NtiyepWj;jq;fs; fhuzkhf jdpahu; Jiwapy; ,of;fg;gl;l kdpj kzpj;jpahyq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 50,000 ehl;fspypUe;J 80,000 ehl;fshf mjpfupj;jd.

- ,yq;ifg; nghUshjhuk; fhyepiy njhlu;ghd mjpu;r;rpfSf;F mbf;fb Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; epiyf;F MshfpAs;sNjhL mjdhy; tptrha tpisr;ry;fs; Fiwtile;Js;sd tho;thjhuq;fs; ,of;fg;gl;Ls;sd mj;Jld; mdu;j;jq;fSld; njhlu;Gila NguopTfisAk; mbf;fb re;jpf;fpwJ.

(xd;Wf;F 01 Gs;sp tPjk; ,U tpsf;fq;fSf;F 02 Gs;spfs;)

nghJg;gLfldpd; Ngz;jFjd;ik:

- fld; fl;likg;G fzprkhdsT ,lughaq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

- ,yq;ifapd; kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; fld; kl;lk; 2018y; fzpg;gPl;bd;gb nkh.c.cw;gj;jpapd; 83.0 rjtPjkhf ,Ue;jJ kpf mjpfkhFk; mj;Jld; fld; fl;likg;G mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy; Nkhrkile;Js;sJ. .

(01 Gs;sp)

- kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; ntspehl;L ehza tbtpyhd ntspehl;Lf;fld; nkhj;jf;fldpy; 51.3 tPjkhf kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mj;Jld; nkhj;jf; fld;NritahdJ 2018y; nkhj;j tUthapd; 88 tPjkhf kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j epjpaply; Njitfs; Vida vOr;rp ngw;WtUk; nghUshjhuq;fSld; xg;gpLifapy; ngupjhf cs;sJ.

(01 Gs;sp)

- NkYk; ehL Nky;kl;l eLj;ju tUkhd kl;l me;j];ij milAk; NghJ mJ tzpf uPjpapyhd mjpf nryTila ,lughak; kpFe;j fld;fisNa ngwKbAk;. ,jd; tpisthf ntspehl;L ehza fld;fspd; tl;btPj ,lughak; mjpfupf;Fk;. nkhj;j ntspepd;w fld;fspy; kpjf;Fk; tl;btPjf; fld;fspd; gq;F mjpfupf;Fk;. ruhrup



tl;btPjk; mjpfupj;Js;s mNjNtis mjd; ruhrupKjpu;Tf;fhd fhyk;

(ATM) Fiwtile;Js;sJ.

(01 Gs;sp)

- ntspehl;L ehza tzpff; fld;fisg;G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;Fg; NghJkhdxJf;Ffs; Nja;tile;J nrd;Ws;sd.

(01 Gs;sp)

- murJiw njhopy; Kaw;rpfspd; (SOE) fld;fs; Kf;fpakhd ,lughakhf cs;sJ. 2017 Mz;bWjpapy; cs;s juTfspd; gb MW ngupa murJiw epWtdq;fspd; jhgdq;fspd; (epjpepWtdq;fs; jtpu;e;j) nkhj;jf; fldsT nkh.c.cw;gj;jpapd; 7.1 rjtPjkhf ,Ue;jJ.murJiw epjpepWtdq;fs; cs;ehl;bYk; ntspehl;bYk; mtw;wpd; ,Ug;G epiyf; Fwpg;GfSf;Nfw;g fld;ngwyhk;. epjpay;yh epWtdq;fs; cs;ehl;L tq;fpj;JiwapypUe;Nj gpujhdkhff; fld; ngWfpd;wd. murJiw njhopy; Kaw;rpfspd; fld;ngwiy trjpg;gLj;j jpiwNrupahdJ trjpf; fbjq;fis toq;Fk;. mz;ik Mz;Lfspy; jpiwNrupapdhy; cj;juthjkspf;fg;gl;l fld;fs; mjpfupj;J 2017 Mz;bWjpapy; nkh.c.cw;gj;jpapd; 6.7 tPj cau; kl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ.

(01 Gs;sp) - gyjrhg;jq;fshf ,yq;ifapd; fld; Kfhikj;Jtk; cUthfptUk;

rthy;fSf;F Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; tifapy; cUthf;fg;gltpy;iy re;ijfisr; nrd;wiljy; re;ij cUthf;fk; Gjpa fUtpfspd; gad;ghL ru;tNjr uPjpapy; ghjpf;fg;gLe;jd;ik vd;gtw;NwhL nryTfSk; ,lughaq;fSk; Nru;e;J cUthfpd. vt;thwhapDk; ehl;bd; fld; Kfhikj;Jt njhopw;ghL kw;Wk; mikg;Gfs; Gjpa rthy;fspd; Ntfj;jpw;F <LnfhLf;Fk; tifapy; mikatpy;iy. nghJthd tifapy; fld; Kfhikj;JtkhdJ xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l epWtduPjpapyhd fl;likg;nghd;W ,y;yhj epiyapy; jpl;lkply; njhlf;fk; ,lughaq;fis Kfhik nra;jy; tiuapyhd xU KOikahd ghu;itiaf; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. mj;NjhL rpije;J NghAs;s epWtduPjpapyhd fl;likg;G tpupthd fld; Kfhikj;Jt cghaj;jpd; FiwghL vd;gd Kf;fpa ,lughaq;fis Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd. mit ,Jtiu jPu;f;fg;gltpy;iy.

(01 Gs;sp)

(xd;wpw;F 01 Gs;sp tPjk; VjhtJ ,U tpsf;fq;fSf;F nkhj;jk; 02 Gs;spfs;)

(ii) - ,yq;ifapd; Vw;Wkjpr; nrayhw;wk; kpfTk; gytPdkhf cs;sJ. ,yq;ifapd; Vw;Wkjpfs; ,d;Dk; Fiwe;j njhopy;El;g Vw;Wkjpg;; nghUs;fs; rpytw;wpy; jq;fpAs;sJ. nghUshjhuj;jpd; Vw;Wkjpf;F vjpuhd rhu;Gj;jd;ikahdJ Nghlbj;jd;ikaw;w ehzakhw;W tPjk; cau;e;j gaDWjptha;e;j ghJfhg;G tPjk; vd;gtw;wpd; tpisthf Vw;gl;lJ

- ,iwf;nfhs;ifahdJ tsu;r;rpapd; kPJ tiuaiwfis Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. fhyg;Nghf;fpy; murhq;f tUthapy; Vw;gl;Ls;s epiyahd tPo;r;rpahdJ nghJg;gLfld; jpul;rpapy; epiyahd mjpfupg;ig Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.



mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf ,lughakpf;f rYifaw;w ntspehl;Lf; fld;fspd; mjpfupg;G.

- Vw;Wkjp Cf;Ftpg;G ntspehl;L Neub KjyPLfisf; ftu;jy;

ghjPl;Lf;Fiwepiy kw;Wk; fld; kl;lq;fisf; Fiwj;jy; fhuzpr; re;ijfis rPuhf;fk; nra;jy; nghJepu;thfj;ij tYg;gLj;jy; rl;lthl;rpia cWjpg;gLj;jy; Mfpa tplaq;fspy; tsu;r;rpia Cf;Ftpf;Fk; rPuhf;fq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;jy; tsu;r;rpf;fhd jilfis ePf;Fjy; vd;gtw;wpy; Vw;gLk; jhkjq;fs;.

- epUthfj;jilfSk; tsu;r;rpia ghjpj;Js;sJ: ,j;jilfs; cs;ehl;L ntspehl;L KjyPLfisg;ghjpj;Js;sJ.

- epfo;fhy njhopw;gilapd; jpwd; kl;lq;fSk; cyfshtpa uPjpapy; xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;Ls;s nghUshjhuj;jpd; NjitfSld; nghUe;jtpy;iy.

- cl;fl;likg;gpd; juk; mjid miljy; rf;jptsj;jpd; tpiy

Nghf;Ftuj;Jk; njhiyj;njhlu;Gk; ,yq;ifapd; rpwpa eLj;ju epWtdq;fspd; epjpfis ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; jd;ik vd;gd jilf;fhuzpfshf cs;sd.

- rpije;J NghAs;s epjp epiyik kw;Wk; murJiw epWtdq;fs; toq;Fk; nghJj;Jiwr; Nritfspd; Fiwe;j juk; vd;gd tsu;r;rpapYk; cw;gj;jpj; jpwdpYk; Nkyjpf jilfis Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd.

- ePz;lfhy nghuUshjhuf; nfhs;iffspd; rPuw;w jd;ikAk; epr;rakw;w jd;ikAk;

(xd;wpw;F 01 Gs;sp tPjk; [e;J fhuzpfSf;F nkhj;jk; 05 Gs;spfs;)

(iii) - fhyepiyj;juTfs; ,yq;if KOtJk; fhyepiy gbg;gbahf khw;wkiltijf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. fhw;W ntg;gk; cau;jy; tUlhe;jg; gbT tPo;r;rpKiwapy; khw;wq;fs; kiotPo;r;rpg; guk;gypy; khw;wq;fs; fly; kl;lk; cau;jy; vd;gd mtw;Ws; rpythFk;. fhyepiyapy; Vw;gLk; ,k;khw;wq;fspd; r%f nghUshjhu tpisTfs; - gapu; tpisr;rypy; Copa cw;gj;jpj; jpwdpy; - JhutPr;Rf;nfhz;litahFk;.

- 2016 ,d; ,Wjpg;gFjpapypUe;J ,yq;if kpfj;jPtpukhd fhyepiy epfo;Tfisr; re;jpj;Js;sJ. 2016 ,ypUe;J kiotPo;r;rp ruhrupia tplf; Fiwe;Js;sJ. ,jdhy; ehL G+uhf tuyhWfhzhj tul;rpepiy Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. 2017 Nk khjj;jpy; gUtg; ngau;r;rp kio fhuzkhf nts;sg; ngUf;Fk; kz;rupTfSk; Vw;gl;ld. ,jdhy; njd;Nkw;Fg; gpuNjrj;jpy; 9000 ,w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l tPLfs; ghjpf;fg;gl;ld. ,uz;L kpy;ypaDf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l kf;fs; ,t;tpU jPtpu thdpiy epfo;TfshYk; ghjpf;fg;gl;ldu;.

- fhyepiy mdu;j;jq;fSk; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpiag; ghjpj;jd. gztPf;fj;ij mjpfupj;jd tu;j;jff; Fiwepiyia Nkhrkilar; nra;jd. 2016 brk;gu; khjj;jpypUe;J ,uz;L ney; gapu;r;nra;ifg;



Nghfq;fs; ,ilAWfSf;F cs;shfpd ,jdhy; cs;ehl;L muprp cw;gj;jp fle;j 10 tUlq;fspd; Fiwthd ngWkjpiag; gjpT nra;jJ 2017y; Vw;gl;l nts;sj;jpdhy; NkYk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l tptrhaj;Jiw nkh .c. cw;gj;jpahdJ 2017y; 3.1 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. ,J ehl;bd; nkhj;j tsu;r;rpapYk; tup tUthapYk; ghjfkhd tpisTfis Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

- tul;rpahdJ ehl;bd; kpd;Dw;gj;jpia ePu; kpd; tsj;jpypUe;J mdy;kpd; %yhjhuq;fis Nehf;fp efu;j;paJ. ,jdhy; vz;nza; ,wf;Fkjpfs; 560 kpy;ypad; mnkupf;f nlhyu;fspdhy; mjpfupj;jJ. mdy;kpd; tY cw;gj;jp fhuzkhf ,yq;if kpd;rhu rig 34 gpy;ypad; Ugh el;lj;ij vjpu; nfhz;lJ.

- 2017y; ,yq;if fhydpiyf;fhuzpfshy; tptrhag; nghUshjhuk;

ghjpf;fg;gl;ljd; fhuzkhf nka; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapd; tsu;r;rpapy; xU FiwtilAk; Nghf;fpid vjpu; nfhz;lJ. Economist rQ;rpif mNj Mz;by; ntspapl;l xU fl;Liuapy; ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;jpd; fPo;Nehf;fpa Nghf;fpid fhyepiykhw;wj;NjhL njhlu;G gLj;jpapUe;jJ. nts;sg; ngUf;F kz;rupTfs; kw;Wk; tul;rp vd;gtw;Wld; ehL Nghuhbajd; fhuzkhfNt tsu;r;rp gpd;jq;fpajhf $wg;gl;bUe;jJ.

- 2014-2016 fhyg;gFjpapy; 4.7 rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gl;l ruhrup tsu;r;rp tPjkhdJ 2017,d; Kjy; miuahz;Lg;gFjpapy; 3.9 rjtPjkhf Jupj tPo;r;rp fz;lJ. mNj Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy; mJ 3.1 rjtPjkhf NkYk; tPo;r;rp fz;lJ.

- mdu;j;jj;jpw;Fg; gpe;jpa kPl;G eltbf;iffs; fzprkhd nryT mjpfupg;Gfis Vw;gLj;jpaJ. Neubaw;w nryTfs; ePq;fyhf cldb kPl;G kw;Wk; kdpjhgpkhd cjtp eltbf;iffs; fLikahfg; ghjpf;fg;gl;l tPl;Lj;JiwapdUf;fhd ,yf;fplg;gl;l tUkhd cjtpfs; czTf;$g;gd;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;l nrhj;Jf;fis GdUj;jhuzk; nra;jy; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ.

(xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; 02 Gs;sp tPjk; %d;W RUf;ff; Fwpg;GfSf;F nkhj;jk; 05 Gs;spfs;)

(iv) - gl;b kw;Wk; ghij Kaw;rp Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) vd;gJ Guhjd gl;Lg;ghijf;fl;likg;ig kPsf;fl;bnaOg;Gk; rPdhtpd; Kaw;rpahFk;. ,t;tu;j;jfg;ghij rPdhit [Nuhg;ghTld; ,izf;Fk; epyk; kw;Wk; fg;gw; ghijfisf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,jd; xU fuk; ‘Silk Road Economic

Belt’ (the Belt) rPdhtpypUe;J kj;jpa Mrpahtpd; Clhf [Nuhg;ghit Nehf;fp ePs;fpwJ. kw;nwhU fuk; ‘21

st Century Maritime Silk Road’ (the

Road), rPdhtpypUe;J njd;fpof;fhrpah kj;jpa fpof;F fpof;fhgpupf;fh kw;Wk; [Nuhg;ghit kj;jpa jiuf;fly; ,e;J rKj;jpuk; mj;jpyhe;jpf; rKj;jpuk; vd;gtw;wpd; topNa 20 ,w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ehLfSld;

,izf;fpwJ.



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doenets.lk · 2020. 4. 29. · author: windows user created date: 8/29/2019 4:12:19 pm

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