© 2009 jones and bartlett publishers chapter 2 diversity in healthcare
TRANSCRIPT
© 2009 Jones and Bartlett Publishers
Chapter 2Chapter 2
Diversity in HealthcareDiversity in Healthcare
© 2009 Jones and Bartlett Publishers
Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes
After completing this chapter, the student After completing this chapter, the student should be able to:should be able to:
• Define diversity.Define diversity.• Define cultural competency.Define cultural competency.• Define diversity management.Define diversity management.• Understand why changes in US Understand why changes in US
demographics affect the healthcare demographics affect the healthcare industry.industry.
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What is Diversity?What is Diversity?
Diversity is defined as “the full range Diversity is defined as “the full range of human similarities and differences of human similarities and differences in group affiliation including gender, in group affiliation including gender, race/ethnicity, social class, role race/ethnicity, social class, role within an organization, age, religion, within an organization, age, religion, sexual orientation, physical ability, sexual orientation, physical ability, and other group identities.” and other group identities.”
(Dreachslin, 1998)(Dreachslin, 1998)
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Changing U.S. Changing U.S. DemographicsDemographics
• Ethnic and racial composition of Ethnic and racial composition of AmericaAmerica
• Aging of the populationAging of the population• Gender and education levels by age Gender and education levels by age
groupsgroups
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What is Cultural What is Cultural Competency?Competency?
A set of congruent behaviors, attitudes and policies A set of congruent behaviors, attitudes and policies that come together in a system, agency or among that come together in a system, agency or among professionals that enables effective work in cross-professionals that enables effective work in cross-cultural situations. cultural situations. ‘‘Culture’ refers to integrated patterns of human Culture’ refers to integrated patterns of human behavior that include the language, thoughts, behavior that include the language, thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious or social and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious or social groups. groups. ‘‘Competence’ implies having the capacity to function Competence’ implies having the capacity to function effectively as an individual and an organization within effectively as an individual and an organization within the context of the cultural beliefs, behaviors and the context of the cultural beliefs, behaviors and needs presented by consumers and their needs presented by consumers and their communities. communities.
(HHS Office of Minority Health, 1999)(HHS Office of Minority Health, 1999)
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Implications for the Implications for the Healthcare IndustryHealthcare Industry
• Need to be “cultural competent” to Need to be “cultural competent” to serve diverse patient populationsserve diverse patient populations
• Increased need of healthcare services Increased need of healthcare services as the population continues to ageas the population continues to age
• Lack of younger and diverse workers Lack of younger and diverse workers entering healthcare professionsentering healthcare professions
• Lack of women and other minorities Lack of women and other minorities in healthcare leadership rolesin healthcare leadership roles
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Diversity ManagementDiversity Management
Diversity management is defined as “a Diversity management is defined as “a strategically driven process where strategically driven process where emphasis is on building skills and emphasis is on building skills and creating policies that will address creating policies that will address the changing demographics of the the changing demographics of the workforce and patient population.”workforce and patient population.”
(Svehla, 1994; Weech-Maldonado, et al. 2002). (Svehla, 1994; Weech-Maldonado, et al. 2002).
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Chapter 3Chapter 3
Attitudes and PerceptionsAttitudes and Perceptions
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Learning OutcomesLearning OutcomesAfter completing this chapter, the student should be After completing this chapter, the student should be
able to:able to:• Appreciate the importance of attitudes to Appreciate the importance of attitudes to
understanding behavior.understanding behavior.• Understand the three components of attitudes.Understand the three components of attitudes.• Understand how attitudes can be changed.Understand how attitudes can be changed.• Understand how perceptions allow individuals to Understand how perceptions allow individuals to
simplify their worlds.simplify their worlds.• Understand the four stages of the perception Understand the four stages of the perception
process.process.• Understand social perception and the various Understand social perception and the various
subgroups.subgroups.• Understand the importance of using objective Understand the importance of using objective
methods for employee selection.methods for employee selection.
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What is an Attitude?What is an Attitude?
An attitude is a mind set or tendency An attitude is a mind set or tendency to act in a particular way, resulting to act in a particular way, resulting from both an individual’s experience from both an individual’s experience and temperament.and temperament.
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Tri-Component Model of Tri-Component Model of AttitudesAttitudes
Feelings Beliefs
Actions
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Cognitive DissonanceCognitive Dissonance
Any inconsistency that a person Any inconsistency that a person perceives between two or more of perceives between two or more of one’s attitudes or between one’s one’s attitudes or between one’s behavior and attitudes.behavior and attitudes.
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How are Attitudes How are Attitudes Formed?Formed?
•LearnedLearned•ModelingModeling•ExperiencesExperiences
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Changing AttitudesChanging Attitudes
• Address the cognitive and emotional Address the cognitive and emotional componentscomponents
• Provide new informationProvide new information
Changing someone’s attitudes takes Changing someone’s attitudes takes time, effort and determination!time, effort and determination!
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PerceptionPerception
Perception is the process by which Perception is the process by which individuals interpret and organize individuals interpret and organize sensation to produce a meaningful sensation to produce a meaningful experience of the world.experience of the world.
It should be remembered: An It should be remembered: An individual’s perception is his/her individual’s perception is his/her
reality!reality!
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Perception ProcessPerception Process
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Attribution TheoryAttribution Theory
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Social PerceptionSocial Perception
How an individual “sees” others and how How an individual “sees” others and how others perceive an individual.others perceive an individual.
•Halo effectHalo effect•Contrast effectContrast effect•ProjectionProjection•StereotypingStereotyping•Pygmalion effectPygmalion effect•Impression managementImpression management
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Employee SelectionEmployee Selection Identify key invariant qualities of individuals Identify key invariant qualities of individuals
that match up well with the demands of the that match up well with the demands of the position and the culture of the organization.position and the culture of the organization.
•SkillsSkills•CharacterCharacter•MotivationMotivation•AttitudeAttitude•Leadership potentialLeadership potential•PersonalityPersonality
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