Το κοινωνικό υπόβαθρο της εργατικής αναταραχής στην...

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ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΣ ΙΩΑΝΝΙΔΗΣ Α.Μ. 60 ΤΜΗΜΑ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΩΝ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ ΑΠΘ ΜΕΤΑΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΟ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗΣ ΘΕΩΡΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΙΑΣ Το κοινωνικό υπόβαθρο της εργατικής αναταραχής στην Ελλάδα της δεκαετίας του 1970: Η περίπτωση της χαρτοβιομηχανίας ΜΕΛ στη Θεσσαλονίκη Τρίτη, 12 Οκτώβρη 2010

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.. 60

1970:

, 12 2010

3

4

21

: . : E. P. Thompson Gareth Stedman Jones

46 51 75

, , - 1975 , - 1976

86 86 87 96 102 145 150 153

2

, , . , . . , . . . . , . . , , . . , . , .

3

, , , , . , . . ( ) . ; ; ; 1973; ; - ; , 54% 1974, 1981;

4

, . , . , : , . . . , , . D. Close R. Clogg,1 . . , (transition) ,

1

D. Close, , 1945-2004. , , , , , 2006. R. Clogg, , 1770-2000, , , 2003.

5

. , ,2 , .3 , .4 : , . , , ( , , , ). 2

. , , , , 2008. . , . , 1974-1988, , , 2001. . , (1974-1988), , , 1989. 3 P. W. Drake, Labor Movements and Dictatorships. The Southern Cone in Comparative Perspective, , Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. N. Diamandouros, Regime Change and the Prospects for Democracy in Greece (1974-1983), G. ODonnel et al (.), Transitions from Authoritarian Rule. Southern Europe, , Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986, . 138-162. P. Ioakimidis, Greece: From Military Dictatorship to Socialism, A. Williams (.) Southern Europe Transformed. Political and Economic Change in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain, , Harper & Row, 1984, . 33-60. 4 .. C. Jecchinis, The Role of Trade Unions in the Social Development of Greece, E. Kassalow & U. Damachi, The Role of Trade Unions in Developing Societies, , International Institute for Labour Studies, 1982, . 52-66.

6

,5 ,6 .7 , ( & ) , . , - - , . , - - .8 ,

5

, . 5 , 1979-1984, , , 1984. & , , , , 1984. 6 , 1973. 10 , , , 1984. 7 (3 .), , , 2003. 8 . , , , , 1996. . , (1947-1987), , , .. . , : (1938-1984), , , 1994.

7

( ), , . : , : , , , , , , , . - . , , , . , , 1968 ,9 ,

9

Liakos, A., Contentious Historisation. The Conference on 1968, Forty Years Later, Historein, . 9, 2009, . 152-53.

8

, , .10 , 1968.11 , , . , . , , .12 , , E. P. Thompson

10

.. G. Eley, Forging Democracy. The History of the Left in Europe, 1850-2000, , Oxford University Press, 2002, . 341-365. . Hobsbawm, , , , 1999. 11 C. Crouch & A. Pizzorno (.), The Resurgence of Class Conflict in Western Europe Since 1968 (2 .), , Macmillan Press, 1979. 12 . , . , 1908-1936, , , 2005. . , : , 1950-1967, , , 2009.

9

.13 ( , , Thompson, , - - , .14 .) , . , , , , . , .

13

E. P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class, , Penguin, 1991. History Workshop Journal, Social History Past and Present. 14 E. P. Thompson, Eighteenth Century English Society: Class Struggle without Class?, Social History, . 3, . 2 ( 1978), . 146-164. P. Joyce (.), Class, , Oxford University Press, . 133142.

10

1970 1980 , . , , , , , ,

. , . - - Close , , ,15 . ( 25 1976 , ) , , , , , , , , , . 15

D. Close, , .., . 219.

11

- - . , , . 1981 , , , . , , , , , . ; 1970; - ; 12

; , , ; ; 1980; ; , , , .

, , , , 1975, , , - , . , . ; . , , , ( ) 13

, . , , , . , , . . ( ), ( ), , , , , . , , . , 14

. , , , . , , , , , . , , , , , , , , , , 1970. , , . , . , , , , , , , 15

, , , . , , , , . , , ,

, , , , . . , ,

. , - 1936, , () 1941-44 - , ,

16

. , .16 , , , , , 1968 . , , , , , (), , . , , 1973, , , , , .17

16

, , .. 1936 , , . , , . , , . 17 , S. Ioannidis, The Industrial Committees Movement in Athens, 1974-79, University of Sussex, 2008, .

17

, 1968. , , , . , , , , , , . , , ( 28 25 , )

, .

18

. , . (Clogg, Close ..), ( & ..). , , . , . , . E. P. Thompson Gareth Stedman Jones , . , , 1975 1976. 19

, , , . , . 1970.

20

. , , ,

, - , , , . ( ) . , , , . . 21

, . , . , , , , . , . , ( ,

, ..) . , - , . ( ) 22

, 1970. , . - , , . ,

18

, . . , , . , , , . , . , . 18

Paul Thompson, The Voice of the Past, , Oxford University Press, 2000, . 6.

23

,

, , . , . ( ), . , ,

. , , -

. D. Close R. Clogg, , 24

. , ,

(, , ) . - - , . , . . - . ( ), 1974 25

, , . , - - . , 1973 ( , , 1963 , ). , 1970 1980 . : , , , ,

, , ,

, .19 , , 19

Diamandouros, Prospects for Democracy, .., . 143. , , .., . 113-117.

26

, , 1975, ( , ), , 1974 . , , , , . , , , , . , , .

27

1980, 1981, .

, ( ) . . , , : 1974; , , , ; , , . 28

, . , ; . , , . , . : ) ( ) , ( ). , .

29

. Clogg Close P. W. Drake.20 ) , -

, , . - - . , . . . . , . , . . ( , , . ,

20

. . . N. Mouzelis, Capitalism and Dictatorship in Post-war Greece, New Left Review, . 96 (- 1976), . 57-81. , . , . . , , . , , , . 257 ..

30

, D. Close , .) , . , . , , . - - , . , , . . , , ( ) () . 31

, . , , : , , , . -, . D. Close R. Clogg, . Close . , , .21 , Clogg 21

D. Close, , .., . 195. . . , .

32

. , Close, .22 P. W. Drake. , , . . , , . Drake

- , , . , .23

, , , ,24 ,

22 23

R. Clogg, , .., . 194. Drake, Labor Movements, .., . 75. Drake . 24 , . , , 1974-2009. , , , 2010, . 12.

33

, . Close

, .25

- - . , . , . :

, [] , , . , , 25

Close, , .., . 219.

34

, .26

. , .27

, . :

. , . , . , . [] [ ] , , , .28

26 27

Diamandouros, Prospects, .., . 153. . , , .., . 66. 28 , , .., . 115-116.

35

. , . .29 , . , , , . , , Close Clogg, , . , , ,

, , , ( , , ).

29

. , , . , , , 1978. . , - , 1870-2001, , ..., 2008, . 126. . , 20 . , , , .. W. Fischer et al., (1936-1974), , , 1974, . 125 .. .

36

, . ( Clogg) , ,

. , C. M. Woodhouse Caramanlis, the Restorer of Greek Democracy, 30 , , , . , . ; Close Clogg . , ( ) . : , 30

C. M. Woodhouse, Karamanlis: The Restorer of Greek Democracy, , Oxford University Press, 1984.

37

1974, 54% . , , , . .31 . , ( ;) . , . . . ( ) . ( , ,

31

Clogg, , .., . 200-201.

38

).32 , , , ( ). ,

, , , , [;] . , 25 1976 . .33 , , , . :

( ) , . [] []

32 33

& , , .., . 13. , . 20-22.

39

, [ ] .34

( ,35 )

, , . , , ( , ) . ( ); ; ; , ; ; ;

34 35

. S. Ioannidis, The Industrial Committees, ..

40

. . ( , 1968. ). . , ,

( ) - - , . [] . [] 41

- ( ). [] , , , !36

, .

!

- , , ! . , ! , : ( , , , , ...) ( ). 36

& , , .., . 23. .

42

. , , . , , ( !) , .37 , , . : . . , , . , ( ), ,

.

37

S. Ioannidis, The Industrial Committees, ..

43

(, ..) .38 - - . , . ( ) , , , , 1981. , , . , . , , . wie es eigentlich38

, , .., . 138-139.

44

gewesen, , , , , . , . . .

45

, . , , , , .39 , , Sussex 1969 1970 , Hobsbawm :

, , , : , . , , , , .40

39

, G. Eley, Playing it Safe. Or: How is Social History Represented? The New Cambridge Social History of Britain, History Workshop, . 35, ( 1993), . 206220. 40 E. J. Hobsbawm, Class Consciousness in History, I. Meszaros (.) Aspects of History and Class Consciousness, , Routledge, 1971, . 3.

46

. 1980, , .41 . 1990, . Patrick Joyce, , , , Eley Nield, :

. [ ] ; Eley Nield , , 41

Eley, Playing it Safe, .., . 207.

47

. [] [] [] [] . [] [ ] , . , , , Eley Nield.42

() , , , .43 19 , . ,42

P. Joyce, The End of Social History? A Brief Reply to Eley and Nield, Social History, . 21, . 1, ( 1996), . 97. 43 . , , , , , , 1984, . 35.

48

(, ...) , , .44 , 19 ( ) . ( ) , . , - - , . 1980 1990 ( ,

, ) (.. ,

44

. . (E. P. Thompson, Hobsbawm ..) ( ).

49

, ) (

) , - . , , , . - - . : , . , ( , , , ). , , , 19 18 , ( , , ...) 50

. , , , . , . ,

, , () , , E. P. Thompson , Gareth Stedman Jones, .

: . 20 , . , , 51

( , , , . ). , - . . . , . , , :

, , , , , .45

, E. J. Hobsbawm,

45

. & . , , , , 1999, . 54.

52

.46 ,

, . , . . .47

, , , . ,

, , . ,

46 47

E. J. Hobsbawm, Class Consciousness in History, .., . 6. . Meszaros, Contingent and Necessary Class Consciousness, I. Meszaros (.) Aspects of History, .., . 85. .

53

, , , , - , , , , .48

, , , . : ) ( ), ) () - , ) , , ( ) ) ( ).

48

K. Marx & F. Engels, The Holy Family, or Critique of Critical Critique, , Lawrence and Wishart, 1957, . 73.

54

. , , ( ) ( ), , . , , , , ... , , . , , . ; ;, 1901. ; 55

1902. . , , , . , , . . ; , , , .49 , , , ( ) . , 49

. . , ; , , , 1977, . 43.

56

, , . , .50 , ( ; ). .51 . , , , . , , .

, ,

50 51

, . 38-40. , . 48.

57

( , ). 52 (

) . , ( ), . , , :

()

, 19 :

, , 52

, . 91.

58

. -, []. , , . [] .53

- [ ] , , .54 , , , .55 , - .56 , [ ] ,53 54

, . 39. . . 39. 55 , . 53. . 56 , . 105.

59

, . , .57 , , , , . , ,

, . , , . , , .58

57 58

, . 87. , . 89.

60

, . , ; . , . , , ( ) ( ).

[] , , () .59

, , , .60

59 60

, . 83. , . 110, 153.

61

, , , . , , .61 , 1960 1970 ( , , ).

, , , . , , , , E. P. Thompson, . ( - Thompson - , , , , 61

, . 157, 162.

62

, ). 1905 , , (). , , , , 1906 1905, . : , , , , . ,

() ( ), , (, ). ( )

63

, .62 , , , . , : , . , , , . . ,

.63

62 63

P. Froelich, Rosa Luxemburg. Her Life and Work, , Victor Gollancz, 1940, . 146-156. , . 164.

64

, , ( ) , . , . ,

, , 1906. , .

, , , , .

65

, , .64

, , , , . , .65

:

. , .

64 65

. et al, 1905, , , 2005, . 104-105. , . 117. .

66

. , . , , , , , .66

, , , . , , .67 , [] .68 1917, , ,

66 67

, . 118. . 68 , . 60.

67

, :

, , , , . , . , . - , , . , , , . : ,

68

,

,

. .69

, , , . , , . . , , . , , , , , . .70 ( ) .

69 70

. , , . , , , 2003, . 10. . , , , , 2001, . 131.

69

, , . , -, , , . , . , ,

(.. ) , . : , , , .71

71

, . 161.

70

. , .

, . [] , . [] , .72

, . , [] .73 , , .74

72 73

, . 156-158. , . 158. 74 , . 172.

71

. .75 . , , ( ) , .76 , , , 1968. , , (, , ;). :

:

[]: 75 76

A. Gramsci, Soviets in Italy, , Institute for Workers Control, .. . , , , , , , 1984 (. . , , , , 2005). E. Mandel, Introduction, E. Mandel (.), Contrle Ouvrier, Conseils Ouvriers, Autogestion, , Maspero, 1970, . 7-45.

72

: 77

:

( ) , , ( ) ( ). - - []. , , . , .78

( ) , 1968 , , ,

77 78

, , .., . 42-43. , . 43.

73

. . . ( ), , , , :

, , , . , , . , , . . . 74

, , .79

, . . , , , - , , .

: E. P. Thompson Gareth Stedman Jones E. P. Thompson . The Making of the English Working

79

E. Mandel, Contrle Ouvrier, .., . 9.

75

Class, 80 , . , , . , Thompson, . Thompson , , - ( Katznelson 81) . Thompson , , . . Thompson .

80 81

E. P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class, .. I. Katznelson, Working Class Formation: Nineteenth-Century Patterns in Western Europe and the United States, , Princeton University Press, 1986, . 14-23. P. Joyce (.), Class, .., . 142-149.

76

- , Thompson . , , , Thompson , , , . , Thompson ( ) , , . Thompson , . , , , . Thompson . Thompson - , . 77

. Thompson ( ...). , , Thompson , , .82 , Patrick Joyce, , Gareth Stedman Jones, . Joyce, Stedman Jones , , . Languages of Class, Rethinking Chartism, - , History Workshop.83 , Stedman Jones ( ) , ,

82

M. W. Steinberg, A Way of Struggle: Reformations and Affirmations of E. P. Thompsons Class Analysis in the Light of Postmodern Theories of Language, The British Journal of Sociology, . 48, . 3 ( 1997), . 471-492. 83 G. Stedman Jones, Languages of Class. Studies in English Working Class History, 1832-1982, , Cambridge University Press, 1983.

78

.84 Stedman Jones - ( ). ( Stedman Jones ) . , Stedman Jones ( 85), . Stedman Jones , , ( ) ( ). (). , , Stedman Jones . , ,

84 85

Stedman Jones, .., . 94. .

79

. (.. ), , , .86

[. ] , [ ].87

Stedman Jones E. P. Thompson

, , . . . Thompson

86 87

, . 97. , . 95.

80

, - . [] , . , , .88

Stedman Jones Patrick Joyce , -, , . , , (

88

, . 101. .

81

, 89). , , Mayfield Thorne Stedman Jones Joyce, , , . Mayfield Thorne .90 Stedman Jones Joyce () ( - ). , Kirk Neville,91 , , . , , , . Stedman Jones , , , 89

J. Lawrence & M. Taylor, The Poverty of Protest: Gareth Stedman Jones and the Politics of Language - A Reply, Social History, . 18, . 1, . 1-15. Mayfield Thorne Stedman Jones. 90 D. Mayfield & S. Thorne, Social History and its Discontents: Gareth Stedman Jones and the Politics of Language, Social History, . 17, . 2, . 165-67. 91 K. Neville, History, Language, Ideas and Post-modernism: A Materialist View, Social History, . 19, . 2 ( 1994), . 221-240.

82

( Stedman Jones ). , , , ( ). , , , , ... , Stedman Jones , ( ) . , , Stedman Jones , - . - - . , , , 83

. Stedman Jones, , , .92 Stedman Jones , . Maurice Godelier, , ( , , Stedman Jones):

, , , , , . , , : , . 92

Raphael Samuel , Stedman Jones - , . R. Samuel, Reading the Signs: II. Fact-Grubbers and Mind Readers, History Workshop, . 33 ( 1992), . 225.

84

, . , , .93

93

M. Godelier, The Ideal in the Real, R. Samuel & G. Stedman Jones (.), Culture, Ideology and Politics, , Routledge, 1982, . 15.

85

,

( ) 1964 . 22 , -. , , ( 680 2008 ). , 300 , , . . , , 800-1000 . . ( ), 1983. 1992, . , 1994 , 1997 . 1998 , . 86

220 , , , .. . , : , , ( , , ...).

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, , , . , , , .

, . , , , ( ). . 100-150 . : () (). : ( ), ( , ) , . 88

, , , ( ) , . . ( ) , (

) , . , . , 1970 , . . ,

, , , . , , . 94%. , . 89

, , , . , . , , , - , . , ( , , ). , . , , . , , , . , , , , . , , .

90

() , 99%, - , . , . , . . , 70% . 19, 19 ( ). , . , (). , . , . , . . , .

91

, ( ) . 3%-4%, 7%-8%, . , . , , , . , , , , . , . , . . , , , , . . , , , 92

. , , . , . . , . , , , , . , , , , , , . ,

. , . . , , () , , . , , , 93

. , , . , . , . , , . , . ,

, , , , : , . , 94

. , , , ( ), , : , , . . ( ) . - - , . , . , , . . , . , , 95

. , .

, 1975, . , . , , . , . , , . . , 96

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). , , , , , , . , . , . . , ,

, , . , , , , 98

, . , , , , , . , , . - . - , , . , . . , , , 99

. , , , , . , ( , . 103) , : , , , . . , 1942 , 1971 , . , 1977, , 1997. , 1976 . , 100

, . , , , , , . , 1950 , 1974 , . 1992, . , , - ( ) 1980. 1986 . . , . . . , , , - , . , , 101

-, , , . , , . , . , , .94

, - 1975 - 1970. , , , .

94

P. Thompson, The Voice of the Past, .., . 144 ..

102

. . 1975, , [] , , . . . ( , , ).95 20 ( ). , , . . , , , , , ,

95

, .. [. 1].

103

, .96 , . ( 15% 16%, , , ). ,

, ( ), ( 20 . ).97 27 , , 20 () 1 . 3 , , .98 4 , , , ,

96

, , . . 97 , .. , , 7 1975. 98 : , , 8 1975.

104

.

5 .99 , 10 , , , , , 1 , 48 .100 16 , , 15 , .101 , , .102 , , . , 1975 , ( ,

99

, , 13 1975. , , 13 1975. 101 : 6 , , 22 1975. 102 - , , ..100

105

). , 1970, 1975 . , , ( ) . , .103 . . , . 1 18%-20% , 7.000 ., 40% , 220 . , , 15%,

103

, S. Ioannidis, Law is the Right of the Worker: Workers Perception of Democracy in Post-dictatorial Greece, ECPR, 31 2010.

106

. , . . , , 1 , , . , 4 , . ( 24 ), , , , -, , , .104 , , , . , ,

104

, .. , , 5 1975.

107

. , , . . , , . . , , , 1600 . , 9 400 . . ( ). . , 108

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. , , 109

, , , . , , . 24 , , . , , , . ( ) 325 , . . , , , , . , 110

, , -. , , . ,105 , .

.106 , .107 , , , .

105 106

, , 6 1975. - , .. 107 , , . . , , .. , , 27 1975.

111

, , .108 , , , . 37 , , , :

, , , , .109

16 , ,

108

, , .. .., , 23 1975. 109 .., , 16 1975. .., , 16 1975.

112

.110 (), 7 .111 , 5 , , , () . , , [...] .112 ( ) , , .113

110 111

, , .. , , 12 1975. 112 . . ., 5 1975. 113 .., , 23 1975.

113

, :

.. . , , . , . . . , . .114

114

[].

114

, E. P. Thompson 20 , .115 , , . , ( , , , , ..). , , . , . ,

115

E. P. Thompson, Eighteenth Century English Society, ..

115

116 , , . 14 117 15

. 17 , .118 , , , , , , : , , , . , , , . , . , (

116

25 , 1975: . , , , ... . 117 , , 19 1975. 118 , ..

116

) , .119 , , . 27 , , .

, . , , , , , , , . , .120 , , . .

119 120

. , 13 1975. , , , 4 1975. , . 2, 28 1975. , , 4 1975.

117

, , : , - . , . , , . 30 , , ,121 . , . . , , ( ). , , , 121

- . , , 3 1975.

118

, .122 , , , , . , : , ,

, . 4 , -, . , , .123 , , . , : , ,

122 123

, , 11 [] 1975. , , . . , . 2, . .

119

. , ( ). , , . , , . . , 6 , ,

. , , , , .124 , 10 11 .125 --- . . , ,

124 125

.., , 8 1975. , , . . , , 12 1975.

120

20%-40% 15%, 40 , . . , , , - , , . , . 20 , . . , ( , ).126 , ,

126

! 8 , , 25 1975. , , 8 1975.

121

.127 - .128 , 21 , , . , , . . , , . , , . , , ( ). - , - : , ,

127 128

, , .. : (). , , , 19 1975.

122

. , , , . , , , . , . , , . , ( , ) . , , - - . , , . , 123

, . , : 22 , .129 28 - 1940, . , .130 , , , :

. , , . . .

129 130

, .. , , , 27 1975.

124

[]. . , . 4 . 21 . , , . 28 40 . .131

, , , . . , . , , - , 131

, . 2, 28 1975. .

125

( , , . , ). , , , . - . , , , . . , , , . , ,

, , . , , , . 126

1960. , 1970. . , , , - - . , ( , , ), 1970 , , . . - . 1968 , . , 1968 . 127

, , , . , - , - , , . , , , . , . ,132 .133

132 133

, , 17 1975. - , , 7 1975. , , 29 1975.

128

, , , , . , , 29 , . ( ) .134 , , .135 , , .. , .136 , , , , . , , ,

134 135

, , . . : , , 29 1975. 136 , , 12 1975.

129

, , , .

(, , ) .137 , . , ( , , ) .138 . , 1 . .139 , 31 , .140

137 138

, , 30 1975. , , . . 139 : , , 30 1975. 140 , , 31 1975.

130

, , , 1 . , , . 3 , .141 - 2 , /, .142 . ( ) . ( ) . , , 17 , 141

, , 1 1975. 142 , , 2 1975. 3 , , .

131

. , ( ) , . , . , , .143 , 18%-24% - ( ) 500 . (, , , ). 2.500.000 . , ( 8.000 . ). , , .

143

, , . .

132

3 , , , , . , .144 , , [sic] .145 , . , . , de facto , . , ,

144 145

.., , 4 1975. , , 3 1975.

133

, . , , , , : . , , . , . , , , . , , . , , . . 134

. ( ) . . , , , . , , , . . . , . , : , . , , , , . , 135

(, , , 1968). , . , 1970, . , , (.. , ...) 17 ( , , . , . , , , . , , 4 , ,

136

.146 8 .147 5 ( - ). , , , :

. , , , .148

, , , ( , ). 6 , , ,

146 147

, , . . , . . 148 , , 5 1975. .

137

. . , . .149 , 7 , . , , .150 . .151 . ( , 152) , 8 ,

149 150

, , . . , , 8 1975. , , .. 151 : . ., , 14 1975. , , .. 152 , , 7 [1975].

138

,153 - .154 . , , , . , . . , ( , ) . - , , , , , . , 8 , , ,

153 154

: , , , 1975. , , 8 1975.

139

, . , . 9 . , , .

.155 , 11 , , 70 . ,

155

, .. : , ..

140

73 . .156 ,

, 2 . , , . .. .157

, , , ,

156 157

, , 11 1975. , , 12 1975.

141

. , . . , . , , , . ( , , ). . , , . , , (

, , ). . . 142

.158 , , , , - , , ,

.159 . ( ), . , , , , 17 . 160 . 19 , , 158

, , 13 1975. 159 : , , .. 160 , , . .

143

. 22% - 26% , 600 - 1.100 . , -, . ( ), ( , , ) . , .161 , . , (274 , 7 4 ) .162 , ,

161

, , 22 1975. !, , 21 1975. , , . . , 21 1975. 162 , , . . , . .

144

, 20 .163 , .

, - 1976 , , . , , . : , , , . , . , , 4 ( ) .

163

. , , , 21 1975.

145

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