( 19 ) united states ( 12 ) patent application publication ( 10 ) pub … · 2019-04-05 · patent...

US 20180342910A1

( 19 ) United States ( 12 ) Patent Application Publication ( 10 ) Pub . No . : US 2018 / 0342910 A1

Bergsrud et al . ( 43 ) Pub . Date : Nov . 29 , 2018

( 54 ) DYNAMIC WIRELESS POWER / ENERGY TRANSFER SYSTEM APPARATUS INCLUDING MODELING AND SIMULATION ( M & S ) , ANALYSIS , AND VISUALIZATION ( MSAV ) SYSTEMS ALONG WITH RELATED METHODS

( 71 ) Applicant : The United States of America , as represented by the Secretary of the Navy , Crane , IN ( US )

( 72 ) Inventors : Corey Alexis Marvin Bergsrud , Bloomington , IN ( US ) ; Alex John Zellner , Terre Haute , IN ( US )

Publication Classification Int . Ci . HO2J 50 / 90 ( 2006 . 01 ) HO2J 50 / 27 ( 2006 . 01 ) H02 ) 50 / 40 ( 2006 . 01 ) HO2J 50 / 70 ( 2006 . 01 )

) U . S . CI . CPC . . . . . . . . . . . HO2J 50 / 90 ( 2016 . 02 ) ; H02J 50 / 27

( 2016 . 02 ) ; HO2J 50 / 80 ( 2016 . 02 ) ; HO2J 50 / 70 ( 2016 . 02 ) ; H02J 50 / 40 ( 2016 . 02 )

( 57 ) ABSTRACT Systems and related methods are provided for improving cognitive function of a wireless power system designer and simulate various aspects of a wireless power system as an aid in making design selections in a tradeoff environment . Various embodiment enable such improved cognitive func tion by providing machine instructions that generate various graphical user interfaces which enable the wireless power system designer to visualize , compare , select , and change a variety of independent and dependent variables pertaining to a plurality of potential wireless power systems , a plurality of potential diodes , and a plurality of potential coplanar strip lines for use in a plurality of operational environments as desired by the wireless power system designer . Aspects of various embodiments display design constraint warnings thereby providing visual display of design space solutions that do not violate various design constraints .

( 73 ) Assignee : The United States of America , as represented by the Secretary of the Navy , Crane , IN ( US )

( 21 ) Appl . No . : 15 / 917 , 248

( 22 ) Filed : Mar . 9 , 2018

Related U . S . Application Data ( 60 ) Provisional application No . 62 / 511 , 524 , filed on May

26 , 2017

1A 1B 3A

Wireless Power Beasi

DC Motor

Rectenna Array

4B1 4E 4A 4C

4F Rectenna Element 4D Schottky

Barrier Diode

Hamonie Rejection

DC Bypass Stere Resistor

46 4B2 Schottky disde equivalent circuit

Patent Application Publication Nov . 29 , 2018 Sheet 1 of 62 US 2018 / 0342910 A1

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Fig . 1A


18

Wireless Power Beam

DC Motor Rectenna Array

481 4E 4F 4D Schottky Recterna Element Diode

OC Bypass load Resistor Rejecuon

( Capacitor ) 4G

4B2 Schottky diode

equivalent circuit

Fig . 1B


Simplified Overview of Wireless Power Transfer System Design Process using MSAV System

Step 5A : Determine application scenario requiring wireless power transfer e . g . electric , magnetic , laser , etc . ( e . g . see Fig . 1A )

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Step 5B : Input design variables into Wireless Power / Energy System ( WPES ) , Modeling and Simulation ( M & S ) , Analysis , and Visualization ( MSAV ) System ( e . g . see Fig . 4 , 7 , 8 ) KANAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Step 5C : Generate MSAV System outputs ( e . g . , See Figs . 4 , 7 , 8 ) utilize the MSAV System outputs in evaluating design parameter tradeoffs , if a design will exceed a performance or design / component limitation parameter , and otherwise will produce a desired wireless power transfer performance based on performance requirements and limitations designing wireless power transfer system to produce a wireless power transfer system design

Step 5D : Manufacture wireless power transfer system based on MSAV System outputs and resulting wireless power transfer system design

Fig . 2


Wireless Power / Energy System ( WPES ) , Modeling and Simulation ( M & S ) , Analysis , and Visualization ( MSAV ) System Control / Computer System 25

Processor 11 www Power Supply

27 YANVAAR VAN VRAAVVVVVV Removable Storage Media

Machine Instruction Storage System ( e . g . hard drive ) WPES MSAV Software ( c . g . see Code A first library 12A . ( e . g . , a previously App . , that generate three visualization Guls for Wireless Power measured and a user input WPES MSAV Analysis ( WPA ) , Coplarar Sripline Experimental Rectenna Performance Analysis ( CPSA ) , and Diode Analysis Library ( usable power outpur ) with list of ( DA ) where the WPAGUI . B . , see power conversion efficiency performance Fig . 5 ) enables selection , simulation , and visual corretation of WPES system data by design and power density used by desigri variable with : avalysis WPES MSAV Software 33 ( e . g , See Fig . 5 ; Sunorary and desigo limitation can be a list of rectenna designs with boundary condition warning tiags , the CPSA . GUT ( 5ee Fig . 7 ) shows measured recterna performance data at pertorniance and design of selected specific frequencies le . g . , a list of rectenna coplanar stripline ( CPS ; desigu ? data with RF to DC power conversion configuration ( e . . . , a balanced efficiency as a function of power density of untplanar transmission the forned by two metaltie conductor strips a directed energy beam for a specific separated by a certain gap width on a rectenna element with a particular diode ) } } substrate ) for a rectenna design ( eg . . ( e . g . , See Fig . 10A , first library data obrain data from manufacturer structures 329 - 333 ) , a second library 128 specification streets ) which is used by the DA GUI , where the DA GUI ( 4 . g , ( a diode $ PICE Parameters Library ) ( e . g . , see Fig . 8 ) provides visualization see Fig . 10C , 369 ) , and a third library 12C graphs and analysis for diode ( e . g . , exported input / output variables ) component and CPS design using , eg Fies . 9AC programs and figs . 10A / 11A - C variables

System

RAM Network Interface Card

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

29

Operating System

WPES MSAV Operating Manual VG Display Keyboard / Mouse

FIG . 3 : Exemplary WPES MSAV system blocks

12A , 12B , 120


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FIG . 4

Wireless Power Analysis tool for the Interactive WPES MSAV System Graphical User Interface ( GUI )


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FIG . 5 : Interactive User - Input Action and Experimental Data Storage Library GUI ,


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FIG . 6 : Output of FIG . 4 from measured data user input ( used to create a library displayed in Fig . 5 ) : ( A ) with " Track Measured Data " unchecked and ( B ) with " Track Measured Data " checked .


131 129 133 135

171 183 185 30 173 175 179 Site 137 .

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FIG . 7 : Wireless Power System Diode Comparison and Selection Analysis tool for the Interactive WPES MSAV system .


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FIG . 8 : Coplanar Stripline Analysis tool for the interactive WPES MSAV system .


237 . De wireless power gut Generates tab wpa 391 , tab da 451 , tab cpsa 421 , and executes WPA INIT 239 , DA INIT 241 , and CPSA INIT 242 during step 600 # Name of Functions Relationship / Function 239 WPA INIT Generates the Wireless Power Analysis VlObject Variables 401 - 419 during step

601 241 DA INIT Generates the Diode Analysis v / Object Variables 453 - 465 during step 631 242 | CPSA INIT Generates the Coplanar Stripline Analysis UlObject Variables 423 - 435 during step

661 243 WPA CALLBACK Accepts user input from Input Variables edit boxes 405 , Transmitter Aperture

radio buttons 407 , Receiver Aperture radio buttons 409 , Parametric Analysis lists 411 , and button library 415 by using steps 603 , 607 , 609 , or 611

245 DA CALLBACK Accepts user input from Input Variables edit boxes 457 , library menu / edit box 459 , and Parametric Analysis lists 461 by using steps 633 , 639 , 641 , or 644

CPSA CALLBACK Accepts user input from Input Variables edit boxes 427 , and Parametric Analysis lists 431 by using steps 663 , 667 , or 669

247 WPA UPDATE Displays values for Input Variables Edit Boxes 405 , Data Point List 411 , Output Variables Graphs 413 , Analysis Summary Table 417 , and Warning Text 419 during step 605

DA UPDATE Displays values for Output Variables Graphs 463 and Analysis Summary Tables 465 during step 635

250 | CPSA UPDATE Displays values for Output Variables Graphs 433 and Analysis Summary Table 435 during step 665

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VY 239 Donec eu WPA INIE

Name of Function 239A instructions 239B input 239C parametric analysis

YYYY

239D frequency | 239€ power density 239F power transmitted 2396 | distance 239H / transmitter aperture area

Relationship / Function Generates Operating Instructions button 33 Generates panel input 401 Generates panel parametric 403 , parametric analysis lists 411 , and Reset All button 45 Generates panel f403 and edit f 405 Generates panel pd 403 and edit _ pd 405 Generates panel pt 403 and edit _ pt 405 Generates panel d 403 and edit d 405 Generates panel _ at 403 , edit _ ati , edit _ at2 , edit _ at3 405 , and radio buttons 407 Generates panel ar 403 , edit _ ari , edit ar2 , edit ar3 405 , and radio buttons 409 Generates panel output 401 Generates axes , axes2 , axes3 , axes4 , axes5 413 and button library 415 Generates panel analysis 401 , table1 417 , and text _ warn 419

2391 receiver aperture area

239 ) output 239K axes

| 239L | analysis Summary

Fig . 9A


242 no one • DA ININ Name of Function Relationship / Function

241A instructions Generates Operating Instructions button 131 241B input Generates panel input 453 2410 parametric analysis Generates panel parametric 455 , diode analysis and duty cycle

analysis lists 461 , Reset Diode button 143 , and Reset Duty Cycle button 141

241D frequency Generates panel $ 455 and edit 1457 241E diode input Generates panel diode 455 241F diode spice Generates panel spice 455 2416 diode library load Generates menu _ library 459 241K series resistance Generates edit _ rs 457 2411 barrier voltage Generates edit _ vbi 457 2411 reverse bias voltage Generates edit _ vbr 457 241K junction capacitance Generates edit cio 457 241L diode library save Generates edit library 459 and Add Diode to Library button 163 241M load Generates panel ri 455 and editri 457 241N duty cycle Generates panel dc 455 and edit dc 457 2410 | reset button Generates Reset All button 169 241P output Generates panel output 453

axes Generates axes1 axes2 , axes , axes4 463 241R analysis summary Generates panel analysis 453 , table1 , table2 , table 3 465 , and Export

Selected Diode button 191

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TTTTTTTTTTTTT TTTTTTTTT TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT TTTTTTTTTTT

242 PSA INIT Name of Function Relationship / Function

242A | instructions Generates Operating instructions button 197 242B input Generates panel input 423 2420 parametric analysis | Generates panel _ parametric 423 , parametric analysis lists 431 , and

Reset All button 169 242D dielectric Generates panel er 425 and edit _ er 427 242E gap Generates panel 5 425 and edit _ $ 427 242F width Generates panel w 425 and edit w 427 242G height Generates panel h 425 and edit h 427 242H output Generates panel output 423 2421 axes Generates axes1 and axes2433 242 } | analysis summary Generates panel analysis 423 , table1 435 , and export Data button 221 242K | geometry Generates panel geometry 423 , and Coplanar strip diagrams

( panel _ top 429 , panel _ side 429 , panel _ electro 429 , axes _ top 429 , axes side 429 , axes _ electro 429

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Fig . 9B


243 . WPA CALLBACKS

4444444444444444444444444444444

243A 243B

Name of Function list data depvar

Relationship / Function Accepts user input from list data 411 through step 603 Accepts user input from menu depvar or menu indepvar 411 through step 607 Accepts user input from Reset Button 45 through step 613 Accepts user input from edit boxes 405 through step 611

Hii ni nini ni kinnitus ini ini birinin birinin birinin birinin birinin

243C 243D

reset edit f , edit pd , edit pt , edit d , edit at , edit ar radio at , radio ar library button

243E

243F

Accepts user input from transmitter radio buttons 407 or receiver radio buttons 409 through step 611 Accepts user input from button library 415 through step 609 and open Fig . 5 GUI 96 , generating WPA Experimental Data Library GUI elements 420A Accepts user input from Export Button 87 through step 615 1 243G export

2437 Bibcay button

Name of Subfunction Relationship / Function 243F1 table Accepts user input from table6 420F during step 609E , and executes

WPA UPDATE 247 through step 605 243F2 checkbox mospadden Accepts user input from checkbox mospadden 4208 during step 609E

and executes WPA UPDATE 247 through step 605 243F3 checkbox _ koert Accepts user input from checkbox _ koert 420C during step 609E and

executes WPA UPDATE 247 through step 605 243F4 checkbox _ custom Accepts user input from checkbox _ custom 4200 during step 609E and

executes WPA UPOATE 247 through step 605 243F5 | clear _ table Accepts user input from Clear Table button 115 during step 609F to clear

values of table6 420F 243F6 library name Accepts user input from library name 420H during step 609E and

executes WPA UPDATE 247 through step 605 243F7 button library Accepts user input from Add to Library button 113 during step 6090 to

save values of table6 420F and library name 420H to WPES MSAV Library 12A

243F8 menu library Accepts user input from menu library 420G during step 609C 243F9 checkbox Custom f Accepts user input from checkbox lib f 4201 during step 609E and

executes WPA UPOATE 247 through step 605

tttttt ttttttttt

Fig . 9C


| 245 to Goo DA CALEBACK

# 245A 245B

Name of function list data diode reset diode

Relationship / Function Accepts user input from list data diode 461 through step 633 Accepts user input from Reset Diode button 143 through step 637 Accepts user input from Reset Duty Cycle button 141 through step 643 Accepts user input from edit boxes 457 through step 641

wwwwwwwwwwwwww

rese

245D edit f , edit IS , edit vbi , edit vbr , edit cjo

245E menu library 245F / button diode add 245G edit ri 245H reset all 2451 diode export

Accepts user input from menu library 459 through step 639 Accepts user input from Add Diode to Library 163 through step 644

| Accepts user input from edit _ r1457 through step 641 Accepts user input from Reset All button 169 through step 645 Accepts user input from Export Selected Diode button 191 through step 646

246c on co CPSA CALLBACK

# Name of Function 246A list data 246B indepvar 246C reset 2460 | edit er , edit s ,

edit w , edit h 246E export

Relationship / Function Accepts user input from list _ data 431 through step 663 Accepts user input from menu indepvar 431 through step 667 Accepts user input from Reset A } button 207 through step 671 Accepts user input from edit boxes 427 through step 669

* * * * *

Accepts user input from Export Data button 221 through step 673

Fig . 9D


2470 WPA UPDATE

# 247A

Name of Function update

247B | calculate dependent

247C ? check bounds

Relationship / Function Executes step 605A by calling function 247B , executes step 605B , executes functions 247C - H during steps 605C - F , then fills in table1 417 entries during step 605F Executes step 605A which calculates the dependent variable 43 and fills in its corresponding edit box 405 Executes step 605C which checks the power density boundaries , then displays text _ warn 419 and highlights corresponding list _ data entry 411 if step 605D is executed Executes step 605F to plot axes 1 413 Executes step 605F to plot axes2413 Executes step 605F to plot axes3 413 Executes step 605F to plot axes4 413 Executes step 605F to plot axess 413

2470 | plot axesi 247€ plot axes2 247F plot axes3 247G plot axes 4 247H plot axes5

249 . 90 PDA UPDATE Name of Relationship / Function Function

249A update Executes step 635A and fills in table1 465 entries , then executes functions 2498 , 249C , 249D , and 249E during steps 635B - €

249B plot axesi Executes step 6358 to plot axes1 463 and fill in table2 465 entries 249C plot axes2 Executes step 635C to plot axes2 463 2490 plot axes3 Executés step 635D to plot axes3 463 and fill in table3 465 entries 249€ plot axes4 | Executes step 635E to plot axes4 463

www

250 % on 63 CPSA UPDATE

250A

Name of Relationship / Function Function update Executes step 665A and executes functions 2508 , 250C during step 6558 and

655C , then fills in table1 435 entries plot axes . . | Executes step 665B to plot axes1 433 plot axes2 | Exécutés step 665C to plot axes2 433

250B 250C

Fig . 9E


Wireless Power Analysis Variables

- - - try torre d or dorado - - - - - - - -

# Name of Variable Relationship / Function 301 | ndata Sets the maximum number of data points 303 303 n Tracks the currently selected data point to replace / store the correct input

variable 305 , tau 313 , efficiencies 315 , pdc 317 305 I , pd , pt , d , at , Stores values for frequency , power density , transmitted power , separation

are distance , calculated transmitter aperture area , and calculated receiver aperture area during step 611 for use in equation 501 to calculate the dependent variable 43 as determined by depend _ var _ flag 335 during step 605A or calculated using equation 501 during step 605A

307 at radio , at subl , Stores values for either transmitter diameter ( at _ subl ) or transmitter length and at sub2 . , at sub3 width ( at _ sub2 , at _ sub3 ) depending on user selection of circular or rectangular

transmitter ( at _ radio ) for use in calculating transmitter aperture area ( at ) 305 using known equations for area

309 ar radio , ar subly Stores values for either receiver diameter ( ar subl ) or receiver length and width ar sub2 , ar sub3 ( ar sub2 , ar _ sub3 ) depending on user selection of circular or rectangular

receiver ( ar radio ) for use in calculating receiver aperture area ( ar ) 305 using known equations for area

| 311 dmin Minimum feasible separation distance calculated by equation 513 313 tau Calculated in equation 507 for use in calculating collection efficiency nu1 315 in

equation 509 315 nul , nu2 Rectenna efficiency and collection efficiency calculated in equations 509 , 505

( respectively ) for use in calculating output DC power pdc 317 in equation 511 | 317 pdc Output DC power calculated by equation 511 | 319 valid data point Tracks the data points 1 303 that do not violate the inequality in equation 504 | 321 data point flag Tracks which data points n 303 have been selected for viewing 323 custom library name User - specified name of user - entered Power density and Rectenna conversion

efficiency values 325 loaded to / from WPES MSAV Library 12A during step 609 325 | custom library data Power density and Rectensa conversion efficiency ( User - entered ) loaded

to / from WPES MSAV Library 12A during step 609 327 checkbrown Boolean values altered during step 609E that determine which Power density

checkicspadden and Rectenna conversion efficiency values ( 329 , 331 , 333 , 325 ) are displayed on checkkoert the WPA GUI 30 and whether custom _ library data 325 or pd _ Brown 329 is checkcustom used for pd jib in equation 504 checkcustomfreq

329 pd Brown Power density and Rectenna conversion efficiency ( Brown ) loaded from WPES Eta Brown MSAV Library 12A and plotted during step 605E

331 pd McSpadden Power density and Rectenna conversion efficiency ( McSpadden ) loaded from Eta MoSpadden WPES MSAV Library 12A and plotted during step 605E pd Koert Power density and Rectenna conversion efficiency ( Koert ) loaded from WPES Bta Koert MSAV Library 12A and plotted during step 605€

335 depend var flag Determines which input variables 305 are selected as independent variables or independ var flag dependent variables ; selected during step 607

337 pd scaled Power density and Rectenna conversion efficiency values calculated in equation Eta scaled 503 during step 605B for use in equation 504 , 505

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333

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Fig . 10A


coplanar Stripline Analysis Variables

# Name of Variable Relationship / Function 339 ndata Sets the maximum number of data points 341 341 n Tracks the currently - selected data point to replace / store the correct

input variable 343 , characteristic impedance ( Zc1 , Zc2 ) 345 , effective permativities ( Eps effi , Eps eff2 ) 347

343 er , $ , W , h Stores values dielectric constant , gap distance , width , and height for use in equations 515 , 519 , 523 , 529 , and 533 to calculate effective permittivity 347

345 zci , ZC2 Characteristic impedance calculated in equations 531 and 535 347 Eps effl , Eps eff2 Effective permittivity calculated in equations 529 and 533 349 data point _ flag Tracks which data points n 341 have been selected for viewing 351 independ var _ flag Determines which input variables 343 are selected as independent

variables FIG . 10B : Simplified Coplanar Stripline Analysis Variables Data Structure

Diode Analysis Variables

Relationship / Function Sets the maximum number of data points 366

# Name of Variable 361 ndata diode ,

ndata dutycycle n diode , n _ dutycycle

366 diode tracks the currently - selected diode data point to replace / store the correct input variables ( Frequency , Series Resistance , Built - in Barrier Voltage , Reverse Bias Voltage , Zero Bias Junction Capacitance , and Load Resistance 369 ) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? n dutycycle tracks the currently selected duty cycle data point to replace / store the correct input variable ( duty cycle 370 )

369 f , rs , vbi , vbr , Frequency , Series Resistance , Built - in Barrier Voltage , Reverse Bias cjo , r1 Voltage , Zero Bias Junction Capacitance , and load Resistance for use in

equations 537 through 553 and 559 370 duty cycle Percentage of time that diode is active within one cycle ( e . g . , when RF

signals impinging a rectenna are active and thereby inducing power that is transferred into a diode ) .

371 | zd Diode Input Impedance calculated using equation 547 373 pdcmax Maximum DC output power calculated using equation 557 375 diode name User - specified name of user - entered Diode SPICE parameters rs , vbi ,

vbr , jo 369 loaded to / from WPES MSAV Library 12B during steps 639 or 646

FIG . 10B Simplified Diode Analysis Variable Data Structure

- - - - - - - - - -

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Wireless Power Analysis Diobject Variables

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

_

407 _ _ _ _ _ _ _

# Name of UlObject Relationship / Function 391 tab wpa Wireless Power Analysis tab 31 generated from function uitab ( see MATLABO

" uitab " documentation ) during wireless power gui 237 401 panel input , Input Variables panel 35 , Output Variables panel 63 , and Analysis Summary

panel output , panel 83 generated from function uipanel ( see MATLAB " uipanel " panel analysis documentation ) during WPA _ INIT 239

403 panel parametric Parametric Analysis panel 37 , frequency panel 47 , power density panel 49 , panel f , panel pd transmitted power panel 51 , separation distance panel 53 , transmitter panel pt , panel d aperture area panel 55 , receiver aperture area panel 59 generated from panel at , panel ar function vipanel ( see MATLAB® " uipanel " documentation ) during WPA _ INIT

239 405 edit fr edit pd Frequency edit box 47 , power density edit box 49 , transmitted power edit box

edit pt , edit a 51 , separation distance edit box 53 , transmitter aperture area edit boxes 55 , edit ati ; edit arl receiver aperture area edit boxes 59 generated from function uicontrol ( see edit at2 , edit ar2 MATLAB " uicontrol " documentation ) during WPA _ INIT 239 that each trigger edit at3 , edit ar3 WPA _ CALLBACK 243D when edited by user and is updated by WPA _ UPDATE

2478 bgroup at Transmitter aperture area button group and radio buttons 57 generated from radio atl functions uibuttongroup and uicontrol ( see MATLAB " uibuttongroup " and radio at2 " uicontrol " documentation ) during WPA _ INIT 239 that triggers

WPA CALLBACK 243E when edited by user 409 bgroup ar Receiver aperture area button group and radio buttons 61 generated from

radio arl functions uibuttongroup and uicontrol ( see MATLAB " uibuttongroup " and radio ar2 " uicontrol " documentation ) during WPA INIT 239 that triggers

WPA CALLBACK 243E when edited by user list data Data Point selection list 39 , independent variable selection drop - down menu menu indepvar 41 , and dependent variable selection drop - down menu 43 generated from menu depvar function uicontrol ( see MATLAB® " uicontrol " documentation ) during

WPA INIT 239 that triggers WPA CALLBACK 243A or 2438 when edited by user and updated during WPA UPDATE 247€

413 axesl , axes2 Rectenna RF - O - DC Conversion Efficiency graph 67 , Collection Efficiency graph axes3 , axes4 73 , Visual Representation of Apertures graph 77 , DC Power Output graph 89 , äxes 5 and Atmospheric Efficiency graph 81 generated from function axes ( see

MATLAB " axes " documentation ) during WPA INIT 239 and updated during : WPA UPDATE 247D - H

| 415 button library Open Library button 65 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB " uicontrol " documentation ) during WPA _ INIT 239 that triggers WPA _ CALLBACK 243F when edited by user

417 tablel Analysis Summary table 83 generated from function uitable ( see MATLAB® " uitable " documentation ) during WPA _ INIT 239 and updated during WPA UPOATE 247A

419 text warn : Boundary Warning Text 85 generated from function wicontrol ( see MATLAB " uicontrol " documentation ) during WPA _ INIT 239 and updated during WPA UPDATE 2470

Fig . 11A


4206 Wireless Power Analysis ( Experimental Data Library ViObject Variables

Name of UlObject 420A checkbox _ brown

4208 checkbox mospadden

420C checkbox koert

4200 | checkbox _ custom

420E table5

Relationship / Function Brown Checkbox 101 generated from function vicontrol ( see MATLAB " uícontrol " documentation during library button 243F McSpadden Checkbox 101 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB " uicontrol " documentation ) during library _ button 243F that triggers checkbox _ mcspadden 243F2 when edited by user Koert Checkbox 101 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB® " uicontrol " documentation ) during library button 243F that triggers checkbox _ koert 243F3 when edited by user User Measured Checkbox 105 generated from function uícontrol ( see MATLAB " uicontrol " documentation ) during library button 243F that triggers checkbox _ custom 243F4 when edited by user Experimental Data Table 99 generated from function uitable ( see MATLAB® " uitable " documentation ) during library button 243F User Measured Data Table 106 generated from function uitable ( see MATLAB " uitable " documentation ) during library button 243F that triggers table 243F1 when edited by user Input from Library drop - down menu 109 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB " uicontrol " documentation ) during library button 243F that triggers menu _ library 243F8 when edited by user Library Name edit box 111 generated from function vicontrol ( see MATLAB " uicontrol " documentation ) during library _ button 243F that triggers library name 243F6 when edited by user Track Measured Data Checkbox 117 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB " uicontrol " documentation ) during library _ button 243F that triggers checkbox _ custom _ f 243F9 when edited by user

420F tables

420G menu library

Www wurunwiruwunwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

420H | library name

4201 checkbox libf

Fig . 11B


coplanar Stopline Analysis UlObject Variables

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii # Name of UlObject Relationship / Function

tab cosa Coplanar Stripline Analysis tab 195 generated from function uitab ( see MATLAB " uitab " documentation ) during wireless power gui 237

423 panel input Input Variables panel 199 , Output Variables panel 217 , Analysis Summary panel output panel 219 , and Coplanar Stripline Geometry panel 229 generated from panel analysis function uipanel ( see MATLAB " uipanel " documentation ) during CPSA INIT panel geometry 242

425 panel parametric Parametric Analysis panel 201 , dielectric constant panel 209 , gap panel 211 , panel _ er , panel _ s | width panel 213 , and height panel 215 generated from function uipanel ( see panel W , panel h MATLAB® " uipanel " documentation ) during CPSA INIT 242

427 edit er Dielectric constant edit box 209 , gap edit box 211 , width edit box 213 , and edit s height edit box 215 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB edit w " uicontrol " documentation ) during CPSA INIT 242 that triggers edit h CPSA _ CALLBACK 246D when edited by user panel top Top View panel and axes 231 , Side View panel and axes 233 , and Field View axes top panel and axes 235 generated from function uipanel and axes ( see MATLAB panel side " uipanel " and " axes " documentation ) during CPSA _ INIT 242 axes side panel electro axes electro

431 list data Data Point selection list 203 and independent variable selection drop - down menu indepvar menu 205 generated from function vicontrol ( see MATLAB® " uicontrol "

documentation ) during CPSA _ INIT 242 that triggers CPSA _ CALLBACK 246A , 246B when edited by user

433 axesl . Characteristic impedance graph 223 and Effective Permittivity graph 227 axes2 generated from function axes ( see MATLAB® " axes " documentation ) during

CPSA INIT 242 and is updated by CPSA UPDATE 250B , 250C 435 tablel Analysis Summary table 219 generated from function uitable ( see MATLAB

" uitable " documentation ) during CPSA _ INIT 242 and is updated by CPSA UPDATE 250A

429

ME

?????????????????????????????

Fig . 11C


Diode Analysis vlobject Variables

# Name of VIObject 451 | tab da

Relationship / Function Diode Analysis tab 129 generated from function uitab ( see MATLAB " uitab " documentation ) during wireless power gui 237 Input Variables panel 133 , Output Variables panel 171 , and Analysis Summary panel 183 generated from function wipanel ( see MATLAB " uipanel " documentation ) during DA INIT 241 Parametric Analysis panel 135 , frequency panel 145 , diode inputs panel 147 , SPICE parameters panel 149 , load resistance panel 165 , and duty cycle panel 167 generated from function wipanel ( see MATLAB " uipanel " documentation ) during DA _ INIT 241

r

453 panel input panel output panel analysis

455 panel parametric panel f panel diode panel spice panel rl panel de

457 edit f edit rs edit vbi edit vor edit cjo edit rl edit de

459 menu library edit library

Frequency edit box 145 , series resistance edit box 153 , built - in barrier voltage edit box 155 , reverse bias voltage edit box 157 , zero - bias junction capacitance edit box 159 , load resistance edit box 165 , and duty cycle edit box 167 generated from function vicontrol ( see MATLAB " uicontrol " documentation ) during DA INIT 241 that triggers DA _ CALLBACK 245D or 245G when edited by user

-

UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

461 list _ data _ diode t data C ?????

463 axes axes2 axes3 axés 4

Select Diode From Library drop - down menu 151 and Diode Name edit box 161 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB " uicontrol " documentation ) during DA _ INIT 241 that triggers DA _ CALLBACK 245E when edited by user Diode data Point selection list 139 and duty cycle Data Point selection list 137 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB " uicontrol " documentation ) during DA _ INIT 241 that triggers DA _ CALLBACK 245A , when edited by user Load Resistance vs Calculated Diode impedance graph 175 , Diode Voltage vs Calculated Diode Impedance graph 179 , Calculated RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency ( Continuous Wave ) graph 181 , and Calculated RF to - DC Conversion Efficiency ( Variable Duty Cycle ) graph 193 generated from function axes ( see MATLAB " axes " documentation ) during DA _ INIT 241 and is updated by DA UPDATE 249B - E Diode SPICE parameters and max output DC power graph 185 , Electrical characteristics of diode graph 187 , and Power and Voltage graph 189 generated from function uitable ( see MATLAB " uitable " documentation ) during DA INIT 241 and is updated by DA UPDATE 249A , B , D

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465 tablel table2 table3

Fig . 110


Wireless Power Analysis Equations

Equation # 501

APF2 Pa = 1c2d2 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 503

Pascaled PaBrown VfBrown Pd , custom

12 , Brown 12 , scaled - 172 . Custom ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 504 min ( Pd , scaled ) SPd

5 max ( Pd , scaled ) 505

????? ???????????????????? n2 interp ( Pd , scaled , 12 , scaled » Pa )

Relationship / Function Calculates the dependent variable as specified by depend _ var _ flag 335 using the other Input Variables 305 ( power density pa , Transmitter aperture area Ag , power transmitted Pt , frequency f , separation distance d ) and the speed of light constant c during step 605A Sets the power density and conversion efficiency values 337 used in equations 504 , 505 during step 605B if checkcustfreq 327 is not selected ( top ) using frequency f 305 and the frequency , power density , and conversion efficiency of Brown 329 ; or if checkoustfreq 327 is selected ( bottom ) using custom _ library data 325 Calculates the min / max feasible boundary for power density during step 605B using Pd . scaled 337 from equation 503 , then checks to see if values for power density 305 is within the calculated boundaries during step 605C . Uses the interpolate function ( see MATLAB " interp2 " documentation ) to interpolate the values of Pa 305 between the collection of points ( Pasculeu , 112 , scaled ) 337 calculated in equation 503 , during step 605F Calculates I used in equation 509 using input Variables 305 ( Transmitter aperture area At , Receiver aperture area Az , frequency f , separation distance d ) and the speed of light constant c during step 605F Calculates a collection efficiency 11 315 using t from equation 507 during step 605F Calculates the output DC power 317 using power transmitted Pt 305 , collection efficiency na 315 , rectenna RF - to - DC conversion efficiency 12 315 , and atmospheric efficiency 113 315 during step 605F Calculates the minimum feasible separation distance dmin 311 using Input Variables 305 ( frequency f , power transmitted Pt , Transmitter aperture area At ) , the maximum feasible power density from WPES MSAV Experimental Rectenna Performance Library Data 12A , and the speed of light constant c during step 605F

VILLA

507

r = 1V ALAT 1 - - - - -

ca 509

? ?? 11 = 1 - emt

511 Ppc Pt17212113

??????????????????????????????????????????????????? 513 | AP : f2 dmin p2 pa max

A .

Fig . 12A


Coplana Stripline Analysis Equations

# Equation 515 , a s

bS + 2W

517 H = V1 - - K2 519 kg

sinh ( 14 / 21 } { sinh ( b / 2h ) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 521 ka ' = / 1 - ke ? kho = tanh ( 6 ) / tanh ( % )

Relationship / Function Calculate a value k for use in equation 517 where S 343 is the gap distance between selected coplanar stríplines and W 343 is the width of selected coplanar striplines Calculate a value k ' using the value k , from equation 515 , for use in equation 519 Calculate a value ki for use in equation 521 where values a and b come from equation 515 and a value 1 343 is the height of the substrate of the selected coplanar strips 4B1 , 4B2 Calculate a value k? ' , for use in equation 523 , using the value ki from equation 519 Calculate a value ko , for use in equation 525 , using the values a and b from equation 515 and the value h 343 Calculate a value kio ' , for use in equation 527 , using the value kio from equation 523 Calculate a function in for use in equations 529 , 531 , 533 , and 535 , that uses one of the values k , kz , or k70 with each respective prime value k ' , ki ' , or kuo ' corresponding to the chosen value

523 122

527 K ( k ) K ' ( k )

529 In 2 ( 1 + Vk ' ) / ( 1 - - VK )

Er - 1 K ( k ' ) K ( ki ) Eeff , 1 14 - 2K ( k ) K ( k )

531 1207 K ( k ) 7 20 , 1 - Teeri K ( k " ) 533

Formula to calculate effective permittivity 347 of a selected coplanar strip using the formula from equation 527 and the dielectric constant er 343 Formula to calculate characteristic impedance 345 of selected coplanar strips 4B1 , 4B2 using the formula from equation 527 and the effective permittivity 347 of the selected coplanar strip 481 , 482 Alternative formula to calculate effective permittivity 347 of a selected coplanar strips 481 , 4B2 using the formula from equation 527 and the dielectric constant 343 Alternative formula to calculate characteristic impedance 345 of selected coplanar strips 4B1 , 4B2 using the formula from equation 527 and the effective permittivity 529 of the selected coplanar strips 481 , 482

Eeff , 2 Er - 1 K ' ( k10 ) K ( kg )

2 K ( ko ) K ' ( k ) 120 K ( k ) TFF K ' ( kz )

535 2 - 0 , 2

Fig . 12B


Diode Analysis Equations

Equation # 537

Pocina more A

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

539 Or

.

541W = 27f

543 tangon - Don =

I Vbi * = G ] olan bi to V 547

TERS ILLA

cos fon ( corsothom – sin blon ) + jwRsG ; ( co50m + sin ( en )

Relationship / Function Calculate maximum DC power 373 using reverse bias voltage ( vor ) 369 and load resistance ( rl ) 369 during step 635A Calculate output self - bias DC voltage across the load during step 635A for use in equation 543 and 545 during step 6350 Calculates Angular frequency during step 635A for use in equation 547 Determine Forward Bias Turn - On Angle Bon for use in equations 547 , 549 - 553 using Vx = 1 . 539 and variable rl during step 635B , and variable Vx and user - input rl during step 635C and 6350 Calculate Nonlinear Junction Capacitance for use in equations 547 , 551 using Vx = V , 539 and variable rl during step 635B , and variable Vand user - input ri during steps 635C and 635D

Diode Input Impedance calculated and plotted during steps 635B , 635C , and 635D using step - specific instructions described in equations 543 and 545 Calculated during step 6350 for use in calculating na Calculated during step 635D for use in calculating 1d Calculated during step 635D for use in calculating 11d

Calculates the Diode RF - to - DC conversion efficiency using equations 549 - 554 during step 6350 Calculates the input power for use in equation 557 using variable Vx and user - input ri during step 6350 Determines the Power output from selected diode using the results from equations 555 and 556 during step 635D Calculates the Voltage output from selected diode using equations 557 and user - specified ri during step 6350

wa wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww www

549 YHYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 551 ( 1 + i poem ( 1 + 2cos ? a ) - tan bon ]

RSREG * * ( 1 + ) poem + tan oon ) i ( 1 + y pictan oon - - Bon )

SALAH SATA 553

555 A A + B + C

556

557 Pout - Pinnd YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 559 Vout = Pouths

Fig . 120

Step 600 : Execute wireless power gui 237

Patent Application Publication

Step 601 : Execute WPA INIT 239

Continued at Step 602 ( Fig . 14 )

M

niini nini

HORRORROR Step 631 : Execute DA _ INIT 241


Nov . 29 , 2018 Sheet 24 of 62

Step 661 : Execute CPSA _ INIT 242


US 2018 / 0342910 A1

Fig . 13

Step 601 : Call WPA _ INIT 239 to generate initial display of WPES MSAV GUI 30 and load WPES MSAV Data Library 12A


Step 602 : Wait for User Input

Step 603 : Execute list data 243A to set the current data point n 303 to the user - selected value Step 607 : Execute depvar 2438 to set the ( in ) dependent variable flags 335 to the user - selected values Step 609 : Execute function library _ button 243F ( ( See detailed Step 609 Flowchart } }

Step 605 : Execute WPA _ UPDATE 247 to populate WPES MSAV GUI 30 ( e . g . , Fig . 4 ) graphs and tables

Step 611 : Execute edit box functions 243D or radio buttons 243E to store the input in Input Variables 305

Nov . 29 , 2018 Sheet 25 of 62

Step 613 ; Execute reset 243C to clear values of data point 303 , Input Variables 305 , and Output Variables 311 - 317 Step 615 : Execute function export 243G to save values of Input Variables 305 , Output Variables 311 - 317 to WPES MSAV Library 12C Step 617 : Execute Operating Instructions button 33 to

open pdf of Operating Instructions 15 ( Fig . 3 )

US 2018 / 0342910 A1

Fig . 14

Continued from STEP 603 , 607 , 609 , 611 , or 613 ( Fig . 14 )

Detail View of Step 605 Gol enabled independent and Dependent Variable Selection and input Generating Graphs based on Variable Selection amout including Selection of independent and Dependent Vanable Selection Which triggers X Axis ane Data Légend Generation on Do Power Output Graph to . compare Different comparative Scenarios Performing Boundary Check and Generating Boundary Violation GUI Warnings , and Generating Table Output and

Enabling Visual Correlations of Design Elements comparative Performance with Design Performance Dependencies


Step 605A : Use function calculate dependent 2478 to calculate the dependent variable 305 determined by independ _ var _ flag 335

Step 605B : Calculate min / max feasible power density boundaries using function 247A and equation 504

Yes

Step 605E : Plots pd _ Brown vs Eta _ Brown 329 if checkbrown 327 is True , pd _ McSpadden vs

Eta McSpadden 331 if checkmespadden 327 is True , pd Koert vs Eta Koert 333 if checkkoert 327 is True , and pd _ scaled vs Eta _ scaled 337 using function 2470 ; Plots nul 315 vs variable tau 313 using function 247E ; ( optionally atmosphere 247H as well )

Step 605C : Executes function 247C : Is boundary inequality 504 preserved ?

Nov . 29 , 2018 Sheet 26 of 62

Step 605D : Display warning text in WPA GUI and highlight data points n 303 with boundary violations using function 2470

Step 605F : Plots pd 305 for current data point 303 vs nu2 315 using function 247D ; Plots nu1 315 vs tau 313 using function 247E ; Plots visual representation of at , ar , d 305 using function 247F ; Plots the dependent variable 305 determined by depend _ var _ flag 335 vs

pdc 317 for each valid _ data _ point 319 using the independent variable 305 determined by independ _ var _ flag 335 for the legend , using function 247G ; ( optionally atmosphere 247H as well ) ; fills in the Analysis Summary table with Input Variables 305 and Output Variables 315 , 317 for each valid _ data _ point 319 using function 247A

US 2018 / 0342910 A1

Continued at Step 602 Fig . 15

Continued from STEP 602 ( Fig . 14 )

Detail View of Step 609 : | WPA Tab ( Library Button )


Step 609A : Execute function library _ button 243 to initialize Library GUI 96 , including load Rectenna Performance Library 12A

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Step 609B : Wait for User Input

Step 609F : Execute subfunction clear _ table 243F5 to clear custom _ library data 325 and custom _ library _ name 323 Step 609C Execute subfunction menu _ library 243F8 to load selected user - measured data from Rectenna Performance Library 12 into custom library data 325 and custom _ library name 323

. . . .

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. . .

Nov . 29 , 2018 Sheet 27 of 62

Step 609D : Execute button _ library 243F7 to store custom _ library _ data 325 and custom _ library name 323 in Rectenna Performance Library 12A Execute Step 605 Step 609E : Execute subfunctions table 243F1 to store user - entered value into custom _ library data 325 , checkbox subfunctions 243F2 - 4 , 243F9 to set user - entered values for checkboxes 327 , OR library _ name 243F6 to store user - entered text as custom _ library _ name 323 , then execute WPA _ UPDATE 247 ( Step 605 )

Fig . 16

Step 609G : User exits out of Library GUI 96

sites out of

factory

Continued at Step 602

US 2018 / 0342910 A1

Step 631 : Call DAINIT 241 to generate initial display of WPES MSAV GUI 30 and load WPES MSAV Data Library 128

Fig . 17



Step 633 : Execute list _ data _ diode 245A to set the current diode data point n _ diode 366 to the user - selected value Step 637 : Execute reset _ diode 245B to clear currently - selected diode data point 366 values of Diode Parameters 369 Step 639 : Execute function menu library 245E to load rs , vbi , vbr , cjo 369 for

selected diode from WPÉS MSAV Library 12B

Step 635 : Execute DA UPDATE 249 to populate WPES MSAV GUI 30 ( e . g . , Fig . 7 ) graphs and tables

Step 641 : Execute edit box functions 2450 or 245G to store the input in Input Variables 369

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Step 643 : Execute reset duty cycle 245C to clear currently - selected duty cycle data point 366 value of duty cycle 370

Nov . 29 , 2018 Sheet 28 of 62

Step 644 : Execute button diode add 245F to save Diode SPICE parameters ( rs ,

vbi , vbr , cio ) 369 and diode name 375 to WPES MSAV Library 12B

WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW

.

Step 645 : Execute reset _ all 245H to clear values for currently selected data points 366 , Input Variables 369 , 370 , pdcmax 373 , and diode _ name 375

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Step 646 : Execute function diode _ export 2451 to save Input Variables 369 , 370 , and pdcmax 373 for n diode 366 to WPES MSAV Library 12C

US 2018 / 0342910 A1

Step 647 : Execute Operating Instructions button 131 to open pdf of Operating Instructions 15

Detail View of Step 635 ; DA UPDATE

Fig . 18

Continued from Step 633 or 637 - 647


Step 635A : Calculates pdcmax 373 , ( ( output self - bias DC voltage , and angular frequency ) ) if the necessary input Variables 369 are defined using function update 249A , then fills in the Diode SPICE Parameters and Max Output DC

Power table using Input Variables 369 , pdcmax 373 , and diode name 375

LULU

. .

: Step 635B : Plot Diode Input Impedance 371 vs variable rl 369 if the necessary Input Variables 369 are defined , then fill in the Electrical Characteristics of Diode table using the variable rl 369 and Diode Input Impedance 371 using plot _ axes1 249B ; else skip this step

Step 635C : Plot Diode Input Impedance 371 vs User - defined rl 369 if the necessary input Variables 369 are defined and plot the red line 173 as defined by r1 369 , using plot _ axes2 249C ; else skip this step

Nov . 29 , 2018 Sheet 29 of 62

Step 635D : Plot Input Power calculated using equation 556 vs Conversion Efficiency from equation 555 using plot axes3 2490 , then fill in the Power and Voltage table using these same values , output voltage from equation 559 , and output power from equation 557 if the required variables are defined ; else skip this step Step 635E : Run function 249€


US 2018 / 0342910 A1

Step 661 : Call CPSA INIT 242 to generate initial display of WPES MSAV GUI 30 and optionally load WPES MSAV Data Library 12C



Step 663 : Execute list data 246A to set the current data point n 341 to the user - selected value and store that value in data _ point _ flag 349 Step 667 : Execute indepvar 246B to set the independent variable flag 351 to the user - selected value and designate the respective

independent variable 343

Step 665 : Execute CPSA UPDATE 250 to populate WPES MSAV GUI 30 ( e . g . , Fig . 8 ) graphs and tables

Step 669 : Execute edit box functions 246D to store the input in Input Variables 343 for the currently selected data point n 341

?????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????????????????????????

Nov . 29 , 2018 Sheet 30 of 62

Step 671 : Execute reset 246C to clear the values of Input Variables 343 , data point n 341 , Output Variables 345 and 347 , and data _ point _ flag 349 Step 673 : Execute function export 246E to export values of Input Variables 343 and Output Variables 345 and 347 Step 675 : Execute Operating Instructions button 197 to open pdf of Operating Instructions

US 2018 / 0342910 A1

Fig . 19

Detail View of Step 665

Continued from STEP 663 , 667 , 669 , or 671 ( Fig . 19 )


Step 665A : Use function update 250A to calculate the characteristic impedances 345 and effective permittivities 347 of the Coplanar Stripline and fill in the Analysis

Summary table using Input Variables 343 and Output Variables 345 , 347 for all data _ point _ flag 349 Step 665B : Plot the independent variable 343 as determined by independ _ var _ flag 351 vs characteristic impedances 345 for all data points 341 listed in

data point _ flag 349 using function 250B Step 665C : Plot the independent variable 343 as determined by independ _ var _ flag 351 vs effective permittivity 347 for all data points 341 listed in data _ point _ flag

349 using function 250C

Nov . 29 , 2018 Sheet 31 of 62


US 2018 / 0342910 A1

Fig . 20

Step 801 : Design Question : Define feasible mission parameters ( i . e . , distance , power density ) to wirelessly power a quadcopter ( e . g . Phantom 4 ) with continuous charge ( ~ 28 min ( 0 . 47 hr ) max flight time , 81 . 3 Whr = 174 . 2 W Application

Power Requirement for continuous operation ) , a receiver aperture diameter of 0 . 5 m , a transmitter aperture diameter of 1

m , frequency of 10 GHz , and no more than 1000 W transmitted power ,


Step 803 : Execute WPES MSAV Software 13 ( e . g . see Fig . 3 ) and open the Wireless Power Analysis tab 31 ( e . g . see Fig . 4 ) and

choose independent variables dropdown list 41 ( e . g . frequency 47 , power density 49 , transmitted power 51 , separation distance 53 , transmitter aperture area 55 , receiver aperture area 59 ) and dependent variables dropdown list 43 of variable ( e . g . frequency 47 , power density 49 , transmitted power 51 , separation distance 53 , transmitter aperture area 55 ) , then

enter in corresponding Input Variables text box 35 .

Step 805 : Enter a value for the independent variable ( e . g . power density 49 ) in order to calculate the dependent variable ( e . g . separation distance 53 ) , calculate the amount of DC power coming out of the rectenna array and display the result in both

the DC Power Output graph 89 and the Analysis Summary Table 83

Nov . 29 , 2018 Sheet 32 of 62

Step 807 : Select next data point from Data Point Selection List 39 and fill in a new value for the independent Variable ( e . g . power density 49 ) to calculate the dependent variable ( e . g . separation distance 53 ) and DC power again and display it in the

DC Power Output graph 89 and the Analysis Summary Table 83 .

Continued at Fig . 21B

US 2018 / 0342910 A1

Fig . 21A

Continued from Fig . 21A Step 809 : Using DC Power Output graph 89 to evaluate if proposed design scenario ( i . e . the stated

independent and dependent variables from step 805 ) meets the requirement of 174 . 2 W DC power ,

the power density is expected to be around 1 . 6 mW / cm2 at a separation distance of 23 . 35 m


Step 811 : Export analysis summary table 83 using Export Data Action button 87 , for use in other applications ( e . g . Excel® ) to perform follow on design decisions , e . g . , calculate horizon range

Nov . 29 , 2018 Sheet 33 of 62

Step 813 : Use export data from Step 811 to perform design analysis steps and design performance analysis , followed by additional configuration / component selection including diode analysis and selection ( e . g . , See Fig . 7 , Figs . 25 - 26 ) and coplanar stripline configuration analysis ( e . g . , see Fig . 8 ,

Fig . 23 - 24 ) as well as component selection to produce a wireless power transfer system design which is used in subsequent manufacturing steps including component selection , system

integration , and fabrication .

US 2018 / 0342910 A1

Fig . 21B

Step 801

Range to Horizon [ mi ]

Radar Horizon Range Step 811 Export data button 87

exports Analysis Summary data 83 in format usable by other applications ( e . g . Excel )

24

25

28

Altitude { m }


22

28

30

Step 803 . Open WPES MSAV Software 13 and open Wireless Power Analysis tab 31 . Designate and select independent and dependent variables from variable dropdown lists 42 43 respectively ( eg frequency 37 power density 19 transmitted power 51 separation distance S3 , transmitter aperture area 55 , receiver aperture area 59 ) and enter known values from design question from Step 801

S

Step 809 : Enter multiple independent variables ( eg power density 49 ) for

multiple data points to be displayed in DC ,

Power Output graph 89

.

.

Nov . 29 , 2018 Sheet 34 of 62

. . .

Fig . 22

Step 805 , Enter candidate value for

independent variable ( e ga power density : 49 ) for evaluation to determine if resulting combination will meet Application Power Requirement for continuous operation and falling within upper and lower rectenna performance values of data stored in WPES MSAV Experimental Rectenna and Diode Performance Data 17 and display Application Power Requirement for continuous operation 370 on DC Power

Output graph 89

. XYZ

Step 807 . Select a new data point from Data Point list 39 and enter another candidate value for independent Variable leg power density 49 ) and

display Application Power Requirement for continuous operation on DC Power Output graph 89

US 2018 / 0342910 A1

Step 815 : Design Question : Determine how far apart ( e . g . gap 211 ) two conducting strips with a width 213 of 0 . 824 mm should be placed using a substrate ( e . g . ROGERS RT / duroid® 5880 ) with a relative permittivity ( i . e . dielectric constant ) 209 of

2 . 2 F / m and height 215 of 0 . 254 mm , so that the characteristic impedance of the coplanar stripline is 175 ohms . Use this

information to design a diode with matching impedance ( see step 827 )


Step 817 : Execute WPES MSAV Software 13 ( e . g . see Fig . 3 ) and open the Coplanar Stripline Analysis tab 195 ( e . g . see Fig . 8 ) and choose independent variable from the dropdown list 205 ( e . g . dielectric constant 209 , gap 211 , width 213 , height 215 ) ,

then enter in corresponding Input Variables text boxes using the substrate material specification sheet to provide electrical characteristics ( e . g . relative permittivity ( dielectric constant 209 ) ) , thickness ( height 215 ) , and width 213 of the substrate

Step 819 : Enter a value for the independent variable ( e . g . gap 211 ) in order to calculate the characteristic impedance and

effective permittivity and display the results in the Gap vs . Characteristic Impedance graph 223 , Gap vs . Effective Permittivity

graph 227 , and the Analysis Summary table 219

HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAH Step 821 : Select next data point from Data Point Selection List 203 and fill in a new value for the Independent Variable ( e . g .

gap 211 ) to calculate characteristic impedance and effective permittivity again and display in the Gap vs . Characteristic impedance graph 223 , Gap vs . Effective Permittivity graph 227 , and the Analysis Summary table 219 .

Nov . 29 , 2018 Sheet 35 of 62

Step 823 : Using Gap vs . Characteristic Impedance graph 223 to evaluate if proposed design scenario ( stated independent variables ) meets the requirement of 175 ohms , the gap is expected to be around 0 . 4 mm Step 825 : Export analysis summary data 219 ( e . g . gap , characteristic impedance , effective permittivity ) , using Export Data Action button 221 , for use in other applications ( e . g . Excel ® ) for follow up design , development , and manufacturing steps .

US 2018 / 0342910 A1

Fig . 23

Step 815

Step 825


. . . . . . . . . .

Step 817 . Open WPES MSAV . Software 13 and open coplanar Stripline Analysis tab 195 . Designate and select independent variable from variable dropdown list 205 ( e . g . dielectric constant 209 , gap 211 , width 213 , height 215 ) and enter known values from design question from Step 815

Step 823 . Enter multiple independent variables ( eg , gap 211 ) for multiple

data points to be . displayed in Gap vs . Characteristic Impedance graph 223 and Gap vs Effective Permittivity graph 227

. . .

Fig . 24

Nov . 29 , 2018 Sheet 36 of 62

.

BONGO

*

WWW

Step 819 : Enter candidate values for independent variable 199 and calculate and display results in Gap vs Characteristic Impedance graph 223 , Gap vs Effective Permittivity graph 227 , and Analysis Summary results table 219

Step 821 . Select a new data point from Data Point list 203 and enter another candidate . value for independent variable 199 and calculate and display results in Gap vs . Characteristic Impedance graph 223 , Gap vs .

Effective Permittivity graph 227 and Analysis Summary results table 219

US 2018 / 0342910 A1

Step 827 : Design Question : Analyze multiple diodes for conversion efficiency as a function of input power . Choose the diode that can handle the greatest input power to use in physical design for the previous scenario while matching the impedance

given in step 815 .

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Step 829 : Execute WPES MSAV Software 13 ( e . g . see Fig . 3 ) and open the Diode Analysis tab 129

Step 831 : Retrieve diode SPICE parameters by examining specification sheets ( or load from Gul ' s internal library 12 using dropdown menu 151 ) , and enter these values , along with the frequency given in Step 801 , into the corresponding Input

Variables edit boxes ( e . g . frequency 145 , series resistance 153 , built - in barrier voltage 155 , reverse bias voltage 157 , zero - bias junction capacitance 159 ) in order to calculate Diode Impedance as a function of Load Resistance and display the result in

both the Diode Impedance vs Load Resistance graph 173 and the Electrical Characteristics of Diode table 187 Step 833 : Assuming the user uses a coplanar stripline design configuration , enter a value for load 165 such that the red line

175 crosses the solid black line ( left axis ) on graph 173 at the calculated characteristic impedance from the Analysis Summary table 219 and / or Characteristic Impedance graph 223 from Coplanar Stripline Analysis ( CPSA ) tab 195 to calculate Max

Output DC Power and RF - LO - DC Conversion Efficiency and display the results on Calculated Diode impedance vs Diode Voltage graph 179 , Calculated RF - O - DC Conversion Efficiency graph 181 , and Analysis Summary tables 183

Nov . 29 , 2018 Sheet 37 of 62

Step 835 : Select next data point from Data Point Selection List 139 and fill in new input variables to calculate Max Output DC Power and RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency again and display the results on Calculated Diode Impedance vs Diode Voltage

graph 179 , Calculated RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency graph 181 , and Analysis Summary tables 183

: : : : : : ITUUUUUUUU

. . .

Step 837 : Compare the maximum feasible input power for the diodes and select the best diode .

Step 839 : Export currently selected diode data ( e . g . Max Output DC Power ) , using Export Data button 191 , for use in other

applications ( e . g . Excel ® } which are then used in subsequent design analysis , design formulation , component selection , and

manufacturing .

Fig . 25

US 2018 / 0342910 A1

Step 827

Steps 837 839


23 - - - - -

V

.

. . .

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . .

. .

.

. . . . . .

!

! ! ! ! ! !

Step 829 . Open WPES MSAV Software 13 and open Diode Analysis tab

Step 835 . Enter multiple diode data .

points to be displayed in Calculated RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency graph 181

2020

PIU .

+ ' . ' . '

I ' . ' . '

. ' . ' , ' . . . ' . '

12112

. . . . . . .

+ 44

' ' '

0 00011

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 0

Fig . 26

Nov . 29 , 2018 Sheet 38 of 62

V

VAN

. : . .

.

. . . . . . . . . . . .

W124 * 2AWV

. . . . .

siis

Step 8338 Enter candidate value for Load 165 and display input load resistance marker 175 , Calculated Diode Impedance vs Diode Voltage graph 179 , and Calculated Rk to

DC Conversion Efficiency graph 181

Step 831 . Enter candidate values for input variables ( eg , frequency 145 , series resistance 153 , etc . ) and display Calculated Diode Impedance on Calculated Diode Impedance vs load

Resistance graph 173

.

. .

US 2018 / 0342910 A1

' ' ' ' ' ' ' '

' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '

' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '

' ' ' ' ' ' '

. . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . . . .

. . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . :

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !


fr : : : r :

Krox ( 98110 ? only cicicleac : 01069 21 . 1 :

23 Construct 439 Corponents .

reate and 30 . as it is being constcucho .

acueensize set : 4 , Scieeo3120 " } : 2 $ gimo ( soro403124 ( 3 ) , 90Xeon $ 329 , 1920 , 1993 ) 5 , 13 , 5 , 131 ; 119 119urevisible ' , ' out ' , ' Ohics ! , Characters , 7091 100 ' , 0 , 6 , 1635 , 8201 , * * 5 ) ;

ricate 4 S :

foots ion : for 2 foot

Scor n iss } " } 3 ) ; * Pivori 9 min99 ) * ) : - 1oor * n ( se : * 13 ) ;

OCWn199 ) * 13 ) ;

2 tan Groups tangop = üitaboroup Cavi a viranuangroup , picha , bara ' ) ; tabi ätakita xronp , " 71110 ' , ' Revoreno ' ) ;

% % Input Varbles are

pane ) } = binabel . . . Parent ' , cal , . . . ni : , chorar , . . Bordeavos ' , ' line ' , . . Highlig o ' , 10 , . . . Positioa ' : 0 , V VO , 01 . 9 $ ; ;

textesi . . . String ' , ' noni Variables , . . . ,

* onis ' Chocackets ' , . . . Positio ' , X0 + 5 , 704311 - 8 , 102 , 201 * 55 - . Parent ' , rabi , . . . 700 sise ! , onuic :

sec ( pane11 , ' BOUETTY ' , ' 100 ' , ' 1130 : 11ghtcoi0F ' , ( ÜO : requency 10 , vi * 995 ; vi 280 ; i * 60 ;

pane : 1 = giganes . . . * characters ! . . . , garant ' , panel - . .

* B erlyna lan ' , .

Bouderwigro , . . .

) ' , . . . textex .

Semi ' , i freon : y ( 1 0 Voirs , Sharacters ' , . . .

" Position ' , si wi - 1343 / 2 , V Parent ' , Panel , . , .

1 - 10 , 194 , 201 . * $ 5 , . . . . .

' $ Vie ' , ' text ' , . ro Parent ' , vanei ,

' SEKIR ' , ' 2 . 45 run si , chcackets ' . . . ,

Desitioi ' , 10 , 20 , 30 , 201 , 95 , . . . . .

$ 110er uigoitirajti . . : 57ie , ' sirgen ' , . . .

Onits , Characters ' , . . . position ' , $ 50 , 20 , 100 , 0 ; , * 9 $ , i . . Max ' , 35 , . . . min ' , . 45 , . . . Vaio ' , 3 . 4 . 3 , . . . catóc * * , alior fcrcx , . . . Siiderste ' , 0 . 5 , 0 . 51 / 35 . 9 - 2 . 45 ) ;

controi . . ! Sve ' , ' text ' , . . . perant ' : pare _ : , . . surint ' , ' 35 . 0 ' : . girsi , haracters ' , . osition , $ 160 , 200 , 40 , 201 , 98 , . . .

rootsize ' , vcncii ) ; edit controll . . .

gevier , ' editr . . . ' Parent ' , vanei I , . . . SU ' , ' - lio . .

" Value ' , NaN , . , , Soals : 26 ' , faatio , . . . Onirs , chocaches ' , . . . positica ' , 220 , 17 , 80 , 26 ; . * ss , . . .


textext . . . SSC0 ' , ' 37 ' ; . . . Onits ! , Characers ' , . . . position , + 370 , 7105 , 46 , 267 : * 98 , . . . parents maneil , . . .

Edizel , foot101 ;

panel vi vo ! ! . . .

V IS ' , characters ' ; . . . borderlv , Line , , . . dionigaroor ' , 1 , 0 , 2 , . . Coroarkiuta ' , 2 , . . . osition ' , x ) , L 2 , 6 : 23 . * 99 ) :

textsxt . . . * S 74 : 19 ' , ' Power vers : 1 ( 1 : 42 123 ' , . . . ' Unita ' , 1990e30 : ero , . . . , * POS son ' , X121 - 1255 12 , vini - 12 , 125 , 20 ; . * $ 6 , . . . Dacont ' paneli , . . . centera ' , ' True ' , . . . oncisa ' , routi ;

' Style ' : ' 19x : . ' : . . . Parede ' , panel ve . . . 9 n ' , ' 8 . 01 ' , . . .

initsi , Characrers ! , . . . posis : 5 : 1 ' , 10 , 20 , 74 , 201 . " SG , . . . FontSize ' . , * 0903 ? ) ;

alder p = " controli . . . ' Style ' . : 31 cler , . . .

ihts ! , Chacaoteri . . * 703 rien ! , 950 , 29 , 100 . 20 ; . . ' 53 , . in

Min : , - , , , " Valu ' , ? , . . . Carlback ? , usiiger på cailback ) :

control . . , parents , panei purin ,

* 90g , 100 . 1 , . . sots ' , Charles ' , . , . position ' , 260 , 29 , 10 , 201 . 98 , montSize ! , fout ! ) ;

edit : va uicontroline

* Parent anni pü . . . Srcing ' , ' * * ' , . . value ! , Vak , . . , cont size ' , 19 . ? ? / in . Finitsi , Cherockers ' , . . . 00 : 17 : 19 . ' , 122 , 17 , 50 , 25 ) . * 3 . . . . . calck ' , 01 % pa majback ) :

Sexuext . . Steing ' , ' 2 1 2 ' / . . . Doi : 5 ' , basters ' , . . . .

ition ' , 2 ) + 370 , 3 . 125 , 10 , 20 } . Parent ' aneli , . , . swtsize ' , 1001101 ;

, . . .

* * Transmisie ProNet

para Pt - noong1 . 4 . . Pacent ' , panell , . . . Units , chakacters ' , . . . BorderTv ' ' 1 ' ; , . . . ndionightcr ' , 17 , 0 , 0 , . . sorderwioc . . . , ? , . . . osition ' iizi , yir . 2 , % } . * 99 ) :

Loxtext . . . SIC : 9 ' , ' a : SmITX Power 122 123 ! ) ' , . . Unite ' , ' cházkotoról , . . . Stion ' xi ( 1 - 151 / ? , y2h1 - 20 / 22 , 152 , 10 ; . * 95 , . . .

Baron ' , aneis . . . centeraa ' , ' True ' , . . .

ht . Di Dicotrol . . . Style ' , ' eo : . . . . Parent ' pañe 27 , . . .

* * n , ' - ' i . . . Varner , Nax , . . . RootS : 22 ' , 100 10 ; . . . Dot3 ' , Characters ' , , , ,

T itico ' 1220 , 27 , 30 , 261 . 95 , . . . 4 : 13 ' , te : * ft . Chi ; } ;

34 : 1ng ' , * . . to ! , Omegacters ' , . . .


' Parent ' , panell . . . . rootsiz ' , conti0 ) ;

' 70 sittec S ce Acea

P * W pirnei . . . arent ' , pero . . .

9 . Caraccers ! , . . . Bucere ' , ' rine , . . . . VigtigtitColor ' , 16 , 0 , 01 , . . .

' Boud - Risti , Z . . Position ' , , i , 1 63

Cexcenti . . . Sirin ' , ' Tionscait : koerture Qren ( jis ( 12 ) , . . Onits , Characters ) , - . . os ticu ' , $ 2 * wi - : 93 : 2 , 1 : 13 - 2072 - 3 , 393 , 201 . 437 , . , . parent ' , panel1 . . . .

Font : 312 ' , font ) ;

! it ! ibotrongkop . . .

ats , Gaara . ts ' , . . Posicio ' , 110 , 105 , * : - 20 , 301 . 53 , . . . Borderly ' , ' none ' lon Selection ongedte , gräddt : 02362CK )

mio Ai - uicontroli . . , Stvie , radiooorron , . . . Baleni ! , bona ; . . .

809si2e ' , Font : 0 , . . . .

Pozicion , 130 , 0 , 0 , 30 ; . * 98 ) ;

Radio A02 * virortzoinde

Pacent torcu 21 , . . String ' , ? zectangular ? , , , , pont size ' tontill , . , inits , Characte : 3 ! Poition ' , : 220 , 0 , 150 , * $ 3 ) ;

textoxt . ' Stirici , piante s ' , . . . Unita ' , Characrëzo ' , . . , poets , Characvers ' , . , i

' gasition ' , X3 15 , 175 , 80 , 204 . 53 , . . . Parent ' , pakel . . .

edi . Ai c onix . . . .

montsize ' , fontion . . . . nity , ' Characteri . . .

Position ' , 85 , 9 , 30 , 30 ) . * es , . . . albach ' , dels At Caiicacx ) :

temtexti . . . 3 ' : : 1 , . Uits , characters , . . . , Units , Characters , . Position ' , 3 + 599 , y1 * 75 , 40 , 20 ) . SGLE . Päzont ' , páne ) , 1 , .

' SooiS : 22 ' , conti0 ) ;

Ogins ' , charactera ' , . . . Col . laciers ' , . . .

' Cosition ' , x ) : 15 , 71125 , 20 , 201 . 98 , . .

" Tom Size ' , foni : 0 ) ;

Acta Atkvicoonx011 . . . Stvie ' , ' enir ' , . . . parent ? , pane . Atr . . .

' String ' ' ; . . . Valve ' , Nal , . . . pont size , ionii , . . . irits ' , ' Characters po . . .

' 200ition ' , 185 , 15 , 1 , 371 , no , . . albaxtigens nf Cacak , . . .

* Background . or ' uet ( 0 , ' defaviconrrolbackro $ 02 . 0 ' , ' oactive ' ) .

o r ' ; - 0 . 01 . . . ,

19xvesi 1 . . .

airs , characters ' . , . . ruots ' , ' Characters ! . . ' nosini09 ' , x ) : 89790 , 71125 , 411 , 201 , * 98 , . . .

zont size ' , 1on1 : 0 ) ;

edit Aty contro . . . .


para poner I , . . . Sirligi - - , . . .

' velu , tok , . . pont izo ' , conti? , . . .

* : : : : s ' , ( iii : : : ' . . , 2o9irion ' , 1228 , 19 , 20 , 01 . 53 , , , , Carol , geol . s roach , . . . tacks on orger ' , ' vefaul00 : cordioikkckGoundColor ) - 0 . 01 , . . .

texte . . .

UiOS ' : ' Character , . . . 0 . 5 ' , Una . 2016cs ? , . . . Fosilico ' , x1 310 , 125 , 10 , 201 . * * 8 , . , .

Terx e li , . . . . onc3170 ' , 2010 )

B 150 , receiver Apertuie kieä

xi 107 7 235 ; V 90 panet AZ = cpaiie ' . . .

Pacentinell , . i . Dies ' , Character ? ' , . . . " Borderitype ' , ' 100 ' , . . . mahlianicolor ' , [ 0 , 0 , 0 , . . . 2022WX ' , , . . . Posicioe ' , X1 , 1 , W1 , 1 ; . 93 ) ;

bestext . Surina ' ; ! Receivei Açortuce sec ( 2271220 ' : . . . Unit ' , ' Cigraciers ' in . .

" position im - 1931 , S . 3142 - - 20 , - 3 , 193 , 204 . * 33 , . . . Daran , pons ! ! , . Center , ' irue ! . . . , 470nt size ' 011 ) ;

DECO _ V ibur . 00 OP . . . carent ' , perel A ? ! . . .

its ! , Charac : cs ' , . . . 170orion ' , 119 , 105 , 120 , 301 . 89 , . . . oder we ' , ' none ' , . . . elect Cate , this Ara : thic :

( 25 ) Pico 211 . . Suvie ' , ' radicootun ! , , , , arent ' , b9zvoP AC , . . . .

9000Size ' , fonia , . . . Onars ' , Characters ' , s . . Position : 30 : 9 , 50 , 30 . $ 3 ) ;

facio A ? ? bicomioi . . . . Style ' , ' ci : obutton , . . . Parenr ' , none Also , Saring , R uaoy4127 ' , . . . footsis ' , forit 19 . Ori : s ' , caracters , . . . Hositiv , 1270 , 0 , 160 , 367 , 198 ) ;

Textextii , Strog ' , ' Digneter * ' , . . . .

its ' , ' Chiaracters ' , . . . Xi $ ' ; coax cters ' , . . . otion ' , X S , V1 : 75 ; 84 , 201 , * 98 , . .

' tarent ! , panoll , . . .

áit Ni coticol . . . * * , euit . . Parerkoper Ari . . . string ' , , . . . . Valdet , ak , . . . ontsize ' , com10 , . . .

02 : 48 ' , ' characters ' , . . . ositica ' , 185 , 9 , 0 , 30 ; . ' S $ , . . . caibach ' , siz arcanackis

textext . . . Sting , shrine

tinata ' , ' Characters ' , . . . onits ' , ' Charactero ' , . . position ' , { 1 + 55 + , O , vi ? 5 , 40 , 301 , 39 , . . .

* Parent ' , paiiel . . . . .

16ztert . . .

Uriis ' , ' characters ' , . . , " Silicon X1 ) : S : V1 + 25 , 30 , 201 . 9S ; Pareor , parell , . . ,

* 500 9ize ' , on 10 ) ;

dit Comitico . . . . .

Parentina AY , . . . $ trius ' , ' - - ' , . . . . Veia , axi . . . FontSize ' , POR19 , . . .


0 ' , characters ' , . . ' Pusicion ' , 185 , 1 , 80 , 301 , * 89 , , . . Collock ' , kedi kc Calisack , . . . Backicon0cvior , ser , der Vicontr03CTOXICOLOri ? - 0 . 91 , . . . 3 : 13ble ' , ' inctive ' ) ;

tezienti . . . * $ 11776 , ' C ' , . . . Onits ' , ' Characters ' , . . Viss " , Charenter9 ' , . positico ' , ( * 1 * $ $ * 60 , y : " 25 , 40 : 201 . 55 ; . . .

: Sonts : 22 ' , Q 10 ) ;

' Styl ' edit ' , , . . : Parenti , perei & : . . . * St . , ' - - ' ; " Vallar , . . . : Font : Sico , runcio , . , . .

t ' , Characters ' , , . . Posicion ' , 1220 . 13 , 29 , 30 ; . * 98 , . .

i

Back20vior , CEO , igeraziº00101BROXOXO0RColoris - 0 . 9 , . . * 7120la ' , ' Inactive ' ) ;

textezt . . . • Strinx ; ' , ' c ' , . . . . . . Whisi ' 0 & actera ' , . . Wnios ' ; characterol , . . . Positico ' , ( x1 + 319 , 71125 , 40 , 201 . * as , . . . .

' mazont , pannil , . . . Sootsise , ioni 10 ;

panel paneid . . . . parent ' , parieti , . . . . . .

' Woutsi : aracters . it Borderypo ! , Trie ' , . . . . Highlightcoor ' , 2 , 0 , . . . . . . . .

" Borderwath ' , 2 , . . . . 20920x ' , X1 , 71 , vini * 991 ;

textext : . . . ' String ' , ' Secon3 . 193 : Distince Units ' , ' Characters ' , . . .

itu ? ' , . .

ocentpone11 ; : . . centered ' , ' erre ? , . ,

* Font Size 101010

20i * uicontrol . . . 5 yig ' , ocit . ' , . . . Paront ' , Panel D , . . .

: String ' ; ! - - : , . . . . Value ' , vail , . . . .

* Fontsia ' , 9010 , . . . 001 si : barácters ' ; . . Positioni ' , 276 , 17 , 30 , 35 . 8 $ . . . . Callback ' , elit D IC . OK ) ;

tertext . . . : String ' , ' ' , . . . wits ! , ! 04214cters ' , . . . Post : ' , 1x ) 310 , : + 25 , 40 , 201 . 433 ; . . . Prent , parc , . . . . Toots zo ' , anti ) ;

$ $ Date Fointe Disc TISH ce1 , data ) ; for 11 : ndot

11 : * Data Polii , 20x25 . 1 . ) :

textext , . . strin ' , ' scisct 02 06 : 11 * * ' , . . .

* Unte , Characters ' , . Posicio . ' , 110 , 115 , 472 - 30 , 19 ) . * 95 , . . . Parent ' , bonell , , . .

* * Sza ' , 1on101 ;

19 data sui contcoii . , , * $ 1718 ' , ' 113010x ' . , - , . ' Pácent ' annil , . , ; . Stcn ' id : , . . .

O ' , Char255 . ecs ' , . . . Pozicion ' , ( 10 , 41 , * 0 , 2 - 1 , ? $ : . * 39 , , . . CO2 . CX ' , 1 . 4 . dois Callback :

yenideleo data 20 . ' , . . . textext . . .

St1119 ' , ' * Data renc y saved on 14 02 ' , Characters ' , . . . .

Puoicion ' , 120 , 10 , ( 09 - 10 ) , 157 , * 99 , . . . Pocentuelle . 70 . tsize ' , 108 ) :

Rese : Button viscutiei . . . .


' Style ' , ' 1 DOR . . . . . ' Pararit ' , paneil , . . n Serior ! , Resot patir . . anite , noxectes ' , . . . Position ' , 119 , 135 , 20 - 20 . , 25 ) . * * * . . . . 0 . 62cKüreset C110807 ) ;

+ 861 . Decenso vociale 1330 ceil { 1 , . 5 ) ; Ist ( 1 ) Szerency ; ist { 2 } - ' ' Bower tersey 11502 " Transit to X : ' ;

* 4 ) 4 oso : 116 gverses Aca ' ; List Separation Distanco ' ,

faztexti . . . Giring ! , Seiacu Devondend Variable ' , ore ünits ' , characters ' . . . . . . Position ' , 0 , 275 , 66 , wit / 2 - 15 . 251 . 95 . . . Pareot ! , Vaneririi Frontsize ' , Ponrio ) :

: C ic010 . . . yo ' , ' cowapen ? ' , . . ,

Pärsari , parell ; . . . . . ' string ' , 19C , . .

linits ' , Characters ' , . . . . Posicion ' , * 0 , 275 , 40 , w 2 15 , 225 ; . * $ 8 , . . . CALAOS , Ydeová Carok , . . . BackgroundCoor ' , 10 . sij , 9 ; }

Select Inder den Variable

1130x2 - povei Density ' : onsoitico olives ;

145454 Det 6

eceiver Avec Arna ' ; Separation Distance ' ,

Cextox . . ' Surlug ' , ' Solecí independend variable , . . . Onito ' , ' Chaorees ' vn posicion ' , 79 / 2 - 5 , 115 , wº , ' 2 - 15 , 25 ) . * ssin .

' Palent ' , anoil , . . . ON S128 : , fon010 ) ;

er indervar * Dicon02011 . . . Stylë ' , ' popupcenu , . . . Pareot ' vanelli . . . Surini , ot , . . .

Dhir ' , ' Characteze , . . " Positivo ' , 70 / 245 , 90 , 0 / - 13 , 257 . * 39 , . . . 08 : 11 : 00 ' , ger : var ca . baky . . . Backutopudcococ ' . 0 . 31 0 . 3 ) ;

Grecos Sxperiental Date Cheunce

1 : 2 0 . red . . . Parent : , tabl , . , . onits , C . Rccorsi . . .

Cre , Boi de vive ' , 100 , 2 0 0 , 000 ) ;

texte . . . Pirring , ' Graptie . ' , . . . mits ! , Chocactors . . . . position , 1X0 + , ya ? . 0 - 20 / 2 , 55 , 20 Parent ! , taol , . i .

150 : 00 $ z , on : 10 ) ;

* 0 , . . .

panel checks - ipari ( ve . parenr : Tragel , . . . Danis ' , characcars ' , . . . 70shtio , 150 , 10 - 52 , 507 , 357 . * 99 ) :

checkbox brow ! ! ! ! 10 211 . . . Siva ' , checkoox ' , . . . Paleotare check , . .

* Surin ' , ' PEOX 12 . 45 GHZ ! ' , . . . Units , characters ' , . . . position ' , 10 , 154 , 201 . * $ sieri

käijnack ' , checkbox brown caliback , . . . footsi 8 , ront . se

Checkox mospaguen oiceiro . . . .

Parerit , panei checks , . . , Sirio ' , Mesoader , * ä in 5 . 5 482 ; ' , . . . instal , Caracters ' , . , , 00 : 11 : 100 ' , 176 , 5 , 10 , 201 . 98 , . . Callback , checkOX kospaldad Caloock , . . .

Tongiza ' , $ C019 ) ;

' Style ' , ! ( becox ' ; . . . páron : ' , panot checs , . . .


* 6 * 222 * 7 ' , ' Koort , c a . 135 GHET : . . . inits ' , ' Characters ' , . . . DO 19 , 95 ! : , S , 150 , 201 . . . callback , checkool Koor Jazbeck , . . . Pont Sze ' , 3 ) ;

textAX ! . . . SU4379 " , " ciude xerimenta ca imi Units ' , CHOROers ' , . . . Ession , 169 , 99 - 3 . 750 , 281 . * $ 3 , . , . Pacent ' , i cimez , . . . Sots : ze , toto ) :

ukol axes loceat , 302 , 0nts ! , ' Characters ' , ' 7610302 ! , 1xi , xi , winni ; , * 33 )

@ sas2 07951 ' Do . certi ' , Cr , " Onits ' , ' Chácters ' , ' 70310 ? ' , 122 , vi , SS ) ;

3 . Collection Eat zou xe 13 in = 120txel , . .

54V ' , ' e ' , . . . Parent ' , 2 . , . . inits ' , Characters ' , . . 909 , 21 : 0 . - 1 , 1 . 951 - 1 * ? ? ; 25 * 21 . 39 ; ;

. . . et text text . ex . i .

Srinu ' , ' itleta nieorinn13 In leznizirltau 31 : 1001t3 ' , ' Characters ' , . . . Position ' , 21 . 0 . 3 * 41 , 10 . 99 * ) , 142 , 25 ; , $ , . . . Parent ' , Exone ? , : . . ontsize , fontil ;

Sate n a : 96 ; Posiziori ' , vest , Posicion1 - 1 2 . SS )

Experiental Data yuavion case

' Style ' , ' rage ! , . .

onits ! , chocacters . . . : ' Dugirion , x1 - 0 . 55 * 1 - 3 , 10 . 01 - 2 , 1991 . * 5 ) ;

12 . 19 ' , . . exp korci • Cortex , , ,

156 ' , ' 1 O IX ; Toilet v oc ! 20K11CFXPERTISNINI . asi ; ley , 9052 ) 1x10 . 55 * * . . v10 . 7 * 412 130 , 201 . * : S , . . . Pareor , frazie2 , . . .

* * * , . , ,

t * X i : ex ? . . . . . . String ' , ' 93 . 63 % Vaciam 2 . & vt accä 1 . 01 03 . 05 , 000tes , . . OSTion ' , { xi , 557 , 7110 . 7 * * 172 , 190 , 201 . * 55 , . . . Pacent ' , 10 . 02 . . . . . FontSize ' , ooi : 10 ) ;

toight : exo tex * 1 . 70sicion XP teni . Osirion ( 2 ) - exo int2 , Position ( 21 ; viat ) : ax jer taxi10 : : 13 ) , text2 . 9093 . Lor :

2 . ( ex 119106 , ! Posi : 10 , 16 : 2 . 8091t10 : 11 : 2 ) , Wiki , 16 : 21 . 1 - 1 - 1 22 . * ) ;

axess * aces ' Parent frame2 , ' Unans ' , ' Charactere , Poitoa ' , ( x1 + 0 . 35 ; * v : 3 . 73 * * 36 , 0 . 57 * 71 . 0 . 43 * 13 . * 55

4 18204 vinyl . . . Style : , ' icane ' , . . . . bacard ' , : 6200 % , . . . Unita ' , ' Characters ' , . . . Position ' , * 6 . 35 * * - ? , 120 + 0 . 25 , 0 . * es ) :

2 tax ! • tax - X . . ,

Unita ' , Chalers ' , . . . * 10 ' , 4 . 35 * * 1 - 27 , 1 : 20 + 0 . 29 . 214 , 215 , $ ar . . . Pacenti , iemez , . . . 1019 : 24 , 1006301 ;

( AT IX , posiloK " ; & # 26 . Positi60 " 12 21 , 587 ;

PAR zrane A vané = VOCHTIG ? 1 . . .

+ 3710 , 902 . . . . Spacent ' , am ziren . Oni13 ' : Contacters ' , . . . Position ' , 121 . 0 . 92 * 11 + 2 , 3112040 , 2 * 11 , 23 . 2001 . 1991 ;

A text 4 Dextex . , Sorino , 12 : 21102 ( R ? . . . .

* 0013 : Characters , . . . cosition ' , 2 : 0 . 92 * * 1 2 , y112040 . 2 " , 1 , 24 , 201 . * . . .

ontsizo ? , mont101 ;

Se & R frane , ' pusirion ' , text , position1 2 21 , * as ) ;


x1 * $ 0 ; v B0 ; i 900 ; i = 289 ; 9x234 vastaneni , Kamez , ' Onits ' , ' nar cuekë , osil . ? , X , Y , 11 . 3 ) ;

Se Quiput Variables Frare

12 * vigore . . . s ' , ' Caracters , ji

Parenr ' , frárez , . : 900ition ' . 1976 , 60 , 60 , * 98 ;

setipare 12 , Bordectvoe ' , ' line ' , ' itighli?utcoloc ' , 0 017 texent . . .

" Sucing , ' cotout va bies " , . . . Uniro ' , ' Characters , . . . 10sicion ' , 1x043 , 0170 - 9 , 113 , 14 ; . * $ 5 ; . . . 2 cerit , remel , . . ,

* * give ' , foxt10 ) ;

$ Efficiencies Rang : 20 picaneil . . .

aits ' , ' chalaciers ' , . . areot ' une12 ; . . .

' posicion ' is , ho - 100 , 0 , 2 - 22 . 9 , 3 . 190 ; ;

2x : . ext . . . Soring , ' ficiencies ' . . . . . .

position ' , 20 , 20 - 20 - , 114 , 161 , 453 , - , . 23Cent , Piel , . . . Pont size , font10 ) :

terfaxin • Soria ' , tion ' , . unita , Characrers ' , . . . Position ' , 13 , 50 , 171 , 20 ; . $ 5 , . . , parent . Sanelas . . . Sootsia ' , 100030 ) i

texui « üicontroli . , . . " Saya ' , ' text ' . . * Sening ' . ! , . . parenr , panella , . . . Vonis ' , ' Chataviers ' , . . .

* Position ' , 100 , 19 , 200 , 10 ) . * 8i . . . Tootsiel , 1099 , . . . Horizontaisliungert ' , ' 16C ' ) ;

exixi . . r . * ning ' , ' RaceX - ' . . . ünits , Characrers " , , , , 209icion , 135 , 30 , ? , 20 ; . $ 5 , . . .

* Parolanella . . fontSize ' , ponnio ) ;

fax nu2 : xiconurní . . . ' Soyle , text , . . . * Strog ' , ' - ' . . parenci , panellä , . . . 098 , Characters ' , . .

sition ' , 100 , 28 , 200 , 103 . 6S ; . . .

Horizontaisiune : * ' , ' leil ' ; ;

16 ex . r . : 5 09 ' , ' 100 ' , . . Units ' , ' Characters ' , . . . 209 tion ! , 225 , 16 , 179 , 101 . $ $ . . . . Faneot ' anke123 . . .

Cex . nosotal = control . . . Skyla ' , ' text , . . . string ' , . . . ' , . . . mareni ' , panema , . . . 09 : 48 , 0132cters ' , . . . Position ' , 100 , 2 , 200 , 16 ) . 90 . . . pontsze " , cy , , . . . Horizontain ngert ' , ' leil ' ; :

Pane : 21 * vipanei ! . . . unit . ' , ' Chargier ' , , . .

' Pacent . ' 3012 , . . . , Position ' , * 0 / 27 . 5 , - 100 , / 2 - 25 , 371 . * 99 ) ;

extexture • Sexo , ' Seco . cat : 0 Ojstars ! . . . " Utsi , Chores ' , . . : : 20sition ' , { X0 / 2 + 12 . 5 , 19 - 20 - 9 . 11 . , 161 , 499 , pareni ! . anel ? , , . . Sootsion , 1on010 )

Textos ! . . . SU11 : 5 ' ' Mnizuo : ' ' ; , . . 02318 " , Caracterii .

" Positiv , 115 , 50 , 174 , 29 * 98 , . . . Parert panel2b , . . .


tex Canvicunrivi , , .

String ' , ' mooto . . . Parent ' , page 1 . 20 , . , . cits ' , ' Chc3toys . . .

: 20sition ' , 300 , 43 , 200 , 101 . * $ $ , . . . Pontine , ionis , i , ,

tox30x1 . . . erring ' , ' Calculared - Eni . 00S ' , Charactersi . . . 2 : 51tion : 25 ; , 174 , 201 . 93 , . . . . Paren ' ' , pare125 , . . .

' fontSize " , : 470 ) ;

text icontrol ! . . . . ' Style ' , ' * ' , . . . : string ' , ' - - ' , . . . Parent ' paiier2 , . . . . Daiis ' , ' Chorzieni

: Position ' , 1100 , 28 , 200 , 101 . 83 , . . . ' Tontine ' , cont9 , . . .

( 20 zAigmeat ! , ! 12 ) ;

pare . . - wiggler . . . Viis ' , charactersiv . . pesni ! , pens2 . . . . posirion ' , 125 , 0 - 200 , 02 - 22 . 5 , 361 . * es :

text . ext . . . Orin ' , " 020ut Direct Current Moves . . .

09 * ! , Characters ' ; , . . . Position " : 0 , 10 - 120 - 3 , 13 , 161 . 6 , . . . parent ' , pane12 , . . .

* 500 * sina ! , X : 19 ) . ;

text . . .

00 ' , ' Characters ' . . . position , 15 : 43 , 174 , 291 . * 35 , . ,

' Parent ' : 7300120 ; . . .

text rdü - üicontrol . . . ' Style ' , Tex ' ; i . * 3 * 11ng ' , ' - - ' , . . . warenr ' , ? , . . , Units ' , Charactersive .

sition ' , 1708 , 48 , 200 , 16 . . ontsize ' , font , . . .

' 800 . izontalAligncent ' , ' Taft

Footnote tetaxi . . .

: SEK19 virimo Separatigi 3022ce required 10 700 exzev 017 ? coneüts ! : power - 200110 limita01099 ' , , . its , haracters ' , . . .

' Po ' , 122 , 10 , 0 - 20 , 14 ) . * SS , rii Pacent , ' , reldr , ,

* Sine ' ; fonts ) ;

osnel rei » vipaneli . . vaiis ' , characters , . . .

Borderlype ' , ' line ' , . . . . R901910ocri 1000i . . . cosition " ; N , YO , , , . * $ $ > ;

textext . . . : string ' , ' References ' : . . . üzia ! , wháraciers ' , . , ,

' 703111011 ' , * * 5 ; 70 + ) 10 - 8 , 1 , 20 ) . * ss , . . . . : Paret ' , ten2 , . .

tabeistr * 1 ) W . . . Brönn , " Eastwie ärio Meonariicai " , . . limprovement of beceiving Terminal of a 9149 - Space McCowave Power " ii . Transmission Syerer " , Raytheon Company , Waylana , MA , PSX , tech , Rep . 71 - , ' . . .

textextu . . . ' Strligi , izbeisii , . . . Unico , Chico ' . . Posirion ' : 110 , 110 - 28 , 0 - 30 , 191 , * 99 , . . . Pacerit ' , 140011 , . . .

: Konršize , sonte ) ;

30 . SH . * ? 2 ) . 6 . Mesageri , . 73 : 1 , 2 : 20 K . Cha " vesi ! . . . iano ezperineits vi a big - - Qüversion - efficiency 5 . - GHZ recienna , " ' . . . * * T & RS Trans . Micr0 . Toe ry 1 : 17M ; vol . , 9 . 12 , pp . 2053 2050 ; ' . . Dec . 1998 . ) ;

" String " : 10e ) . Siir . . . 19 ' 5 ' , Characters ' ir . .

sition " : 120 , 10 - 19 , 130 ; 18 ; . 55 , . . . Paren : ' : 76001 cef , . . .


Kontsize ? , conto ) ; locISO 317 . . Nah , j

& rectifyios in , 20 % . W21 : 10 . 1 " 35 34 ' . . . .

! ! ) . GY34405 ; " 13 : 11 9934 00wer 72100 So 02 Dig . 17 , . . . ,

tezrest . ; Surios ; 100 : 16 . .

osition ' : 19 . 10 - 79 , 0 - 3 , IS ) : 99 ; . . . conti , cel pei , . . .

Yo : csize ' ; cov : 9 ) ;

Laicis N . . Sio 02 : 2 , " Bank S y : 4 : 212 . . . . . R066 7 : 23 ission is Radio waves Hot Sho ! Ronse to long Kanye . " . . . . joval of the corgen iñorinzre os liectromagnetic erginearing arxi Sciorca , ' . . .

. 1 . , 3 . 10 . 20131 . c , ,

Positi 6 . 2 . 0 . 0 - 91 , 0 : 36 , ; . * 98 , . . . Pargit : , perei te , . . . SiSize ' , com : :

iajx . SI - OS X . 9 201 . 5026 , " 5 - 320 MicronIve Poker : ' . . . innegi saio 250 in Roncário ! ! Space , IESE T1915 . On II , Voi , . . . ,

22 . ,

its ' . Characters ' , . . . . Psixico ' . : 10 . - 112 , 6 - 3 ) , 13 . 159 , . . . Parent , porei ef . Sontsize ' , o ) ;

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US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018

DYNAMIC WIRELESS POWER / ENERGY TRANSFER SYSTEM APPARATUS

INCLUDING MODELING AND SIMULATION ( M & S ) , ANALYSIS , AND VISUALIZATION

( MSAV ) SYSTEMS ALONG WITH RELATED METHODS

CROSS - REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[ 0001 ] This application is a Non Provisional application which claims priority to U . S . Provisional Patent Application Ser . No . 62 / 511 , 524 , filed on May 26 , 2017 , entitled WIRE LESS POWER / ENERGY ANALYSIS TOOL WITH INTERFACE , the disclosures of which are expressly incor porated by reference herein .

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

10002 ] The invention described herein was made in the performance of official duties by employees of the Depart ment of the Navy and may be manufactured , used and licensed by or for the United States Government for any governmental purpose without payment of any royalties thereon . This invention ( Navy Case 200 , 439 ) is assigned to the United States Government and is available for licensing for commercial purposes . Licensing and technical inquiries may be directed to the Technology Transfer Office , Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane , email : Cran _ CTO @ navy . mil .

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

predictions for a given design / environment combination . A result of these problems includes creation of unworkable designs that suffer from a range of engineering or system integration failures ranging from inoperability in a given set of operational conditions to burn out or component failure . A variety of reasons for these failures have been identified including design methodologies and systems that do not enable designers or engineers to effectively balance a sig nificant number of performance , design , operational need , component limitations within a system , and constraints in a way that support cognitive function and understanding on the part of designers and users . For example , a designer can create a system which violates a design boundary constraint arising from a particular combination of design variables and constraints ( including environmental or mission related ) without realizing they have done so . Moreover designers can be overwhelmed with too many potential choices without understanding which one of a particular combination of design choices will be more effective in a given set of operational , component performance / limitations , and design environment . There is also a lack of a system which creates visualizations which are useful as an aid for imposing bounds on their design to inform design choices to constrain possibilities to what is possible . For example , a designer might come up with a functional system that may suffer from too much or too little power due to a lack of understanding of how that system will function or be employed by a user in a given set of conditions . [ 0005 ] Therefore , a need exists to provide a set of solution to these problems which includes creating a system to enable visual and dynamic correlation of a number of constrained or boundary limited parameters which eliminates the need to create numerous different designs and design performance analysis data which require a designer to flip back and forth between thereby losing critical correlations between design choices and various constraints for a given set of applica tions , environments , and designs . [ 0006 ] Generally , an embodiment of the invention enables visual comparison of different design variations by provid ing , among other things , a visualization , simulation , and analysis capability . In part , aspects of at least one embodi ment provide simulation and visualization outputs through association of efficiency based on both currently measured or previously measured data for one or more design ele ments ( e . g . diode , rectenna performance ) . Another aspect of at least one embodiment provides a visualization which enables a view of direct current ( DC ) power into or out of a specified component as a function of different parameters . In at least one embodiment , once an output of a selected rectenna and diode system within independent and depen dent variables is known and that selected design does not violate one or more boundary conditions , a designer will then know that the proposed design meets various opera tional and design constraints then can proceed to follow on design tasks . [ 0007 ] According to an illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure , a wireless power / energy system model ing and simulation ( M & S ) , analysis , and visualization sys tem and related methods is provided . Exemplary embodi ments include a design element input section adapted to receive user input design specifications including element performance and constraints / limits including design element variables , design build section to enable users to select or include one or more of the design elements create a system

[ 0003 ] The present invention relates to systems and meth ods to improve analytic tools used in contexts such as wireless power and energy system or scenario analysis , systems for reducing a variety of errors in collaborative or distributed research activities , systems useable to enable enterprise standardizing procedures across multiple design locations and teams , and enabling human - machine interface based cognition associated with such power and energy analysis which improves or creates rapid insights into a variety of power and energy scenarios . In addition , present invention includes a dynamic library that has the ability to save and apply user - generated data . Exemplary systems can include dynamic wireless power / energy transfer system apparatus MSAV systems enabling rapid and improved understanding of effects of performance and design relation ships on operational scenario suitability , design reliability , and design functions including input systems , user inter faces , computation systems , libraries , analysis , reconfigu rable graph systems , design constraint violation warnings enabling dynamic changing , comparison , viewing , and com prehension of multiple performance and design relationships along with related methods of use within design and manu facturing tasks . [ 0004 ] When doing MSAV analysis and design effort , a variety of problem have been encountered which have led to significant rework , uncertainty as to whether or not a given design will or will not operate in a given environment and design element combination , and miscommunication or con fusion when evaluating designs created by different design teams which are using different design methodologies or varying ways to compute different performance or efficiency

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018

of design elements , a variable control section that enables visual locking or fixing of one or more variables to enable modeling or simulation of dependent and independent vari ables . Exemplary embodiments are used to generate visual izations that aid in understanding parameter influence on and correlations with design vs performance / behavior as well as visualization design parameter selection restrictions or lim its that present constrained capacity to change parameters based on real world limitations of selected design compo nents , component relationships , and other design factors to set limits on user options to change parameters . Embodi ments also enable failure mode analysis using visually selectable parameter limits alterations and dynamic perfor mance or design limit alteration of other limits based on one or more limit relationships . [ 0008 ] Additional features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of the illustrative embodiment exemplifying the best mode of carrying out the invention as presently perceived .

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [ 0009 ] The detailed description of the drawings particu larly refers to the accompanying figures in which : [ 0010 ] FIG . 1A shows an exemplary operational environ ment with an airborne platform having a wireless transfer system and a power transfer platform ; [ 0011 ] FIG . 1B shows a simplified exemplary block dia gram of aspects of a system which is being modelled or simulated by an exemplary embodiment of the Wireless Power / Energy System ( WPES ) Modeling and Simulation ( M & S ) , Analysis , and Visualization ( MSAV ) system ; [ 0012 ] FIG . 2 shows an exemplary method of designing and manufacturing a wireless power transfer system based on use of an exemplary WPES MSAV system ; [ 0013 ] FIG . 3 shows an exemplary simplified functional system block diagram of an exemplary WPES MSAV sys tem ; [ 0014 ] FIG . 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of the Wireless Power Analysis ( WPA ) tool graphical user inter face ( GUI ) of the WPES MSAV system ; [ 0015 ) FIG . 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a WPA Interactive User - Input Action and Experimental Data Stor age Library GUI of the WPES MSAV system ; [ 0016 ] FIG . 6 shows an exemplary output of the WPA tool ( see , e . g . FIG . 4 ) based on measured data user input , where section A shows an output that does not track measured data and section B shows an output that does track measured data ; [ 0017 ] FIG . 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of the Diode Comparison and Selection Analysis ( DA ) tool GUI of the WPES MSAV system ; [ 0018 ] FIG . 8 shows an exemplary embodiment of the Coplanar Stripline Analysis ( CPSA ) tool GUI of the WPES MSAV system ; [ 0019 ] FIG . 9A shows tables of exemplary WPES MSAV function groups and an exemplary table of a WPA _ INIT function group and their relationship to other variables and steps used by the WPES MSAV system ; [ 0020 ] FIG . 9B shows tables of exemplary DA _ INIT and CPSA _ INIT function groups and their relationship to other variables and steps used by the WPES MSAV system ;

[ 0021 ] FIG . 9C shows tables of exemplary WPA _ CALL BACK and library _ button function groups and their rela tionship to other variables and steps used by the WPES MSAV system ; [ 0022 ] FIG . 9D shows tables of exemplary DA _ CALL BACK and CPSA _ CALLBACK function groups and their relationship to other variables and steps used by the WPES MSAV system ; [ 0023 ] FIG . 9E shows tables of exemplary WPA _ UP DATE , DA UPDATE , CPSA , UPDATE function groups and their relationship to other variables and steps used by the WPES MSAV system ; [ 0024 ] FIG . 10A shows an exemplary table of variables to be used by the WPA tool and a brief description of each variable ; 0025 FIG . 10B shows an exemplary table of variables to be used by the DA tool , the CPSA tool , and a brief description of each variable ; [ 0026 ] FIG . 11A shows an exemplary table of UIObject variables to be used by the WPA tool of the WPES MSAV system and their relationship to the WPA tool GUI ; [ 0027 ] FIG . 11B shows an exemplary table of UIObject variable to be used by the WPA Interactive User - Input Action and Experimental Data Storage Library GUI of the WPES MSAV system ; [ 0028 ] FIG . 11C shows an exemplary table of UIObject variables to be used by the CPSA tool of the WPES MSAV system and their relationship to the CPSA tool GUI ; [ 0029 ] FIG . 11D shows an exemplary table of UIObject variables to be used by the DA tool of the WPES MSAV system and their relationship to the DA tool GUI ; [ 0030 ] FIG . 12A shows an exemplary tables of equations used by functions in the WPA _ UPDATE function group in FIG . 9E , and which use variables from FIG . 10A ; 0031 ] FIG . 12B shows an exemplary table of equations used by functions in the CPSA _ UPDATE function group of FIG . 9E , and which use variables from FIG . 10B ; [ 0032 ] FIG . 12C shows an exemplary table of equations used by functions in the DA _ UPDATE function group of FIG . 9E , and which use variables from FIG . 10B ; 0033 ] FIG . 13 shows an exemplary , simplified block diagram of the steps followed by the WPES MSAV system ; 10034 ) FIG . 14 shows an exemplary , simplified block diagram of the execution of the WPA tool GUI , starting with execution of the WPA _ INIT function group ( See FIG . 9A ) ; 10035 ] FIG . 15 shows an exemplary block diagram show ing execution of the WPA _ UPDATE function group ( See FIG . 9E ) ; [ 0036 ] FIG . 16 shows an exemplary block diagram show ing execution steps of the library _ button function group ( e . g . , see FIG . 9C ) ; [ 0037 ] FIG . 17 shows an exemplary block diagram show ing the execution steps of the DA _ INIT function group ( e . g . , see FIG . 9B ) ; [ 0038 ] FIG . 18 shows an exemplary block diagram show ing the execution steps of the DA _ UPDATE function group ( e . g . , see FIG . 9C ) ; [ 0039 ] FIG . 19 shows an exemplary block diagram show ing the execution steps of the CPSA _ INIT function group ( e . g . , see FIG . 9B ) ; [ 0040 ] FIG . 20 shows an exemplary block diagram show ing the execution steps of the CPSA _ UPDATE function group ( e . g . , see FIG . 9C ) ;

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018

[ 0041 ] FIG . 21A shows an exemplary block diagram that shows exemplary steps for using the WPA tool GUI ; [ 0042 ] FIG . 21B continues the exemplary block diagram of FIG . 21A ; [ 0043 ] FIG . 22 shows a simplified visualization of the block diagram steps of FIGS . 21A and 21B , overlaid and associated with exemplary GUI displays ; [ 0044 ] FIG . 23 shows an exemplary block diagram that shows exemplary steps for using the CPSA tool GUI ; [ 0045 ) FIG . 24 shows a simplified visualization of the block diagram steps of FIG . 23 overlaid and associated with exemplary GUI displays ; [ 0046 ] FIG . 25 shows an exemplary block diagram that shows exemplary steps for using the DA tool GUI ; and [ 0047 FIG . 26 shows a simplified visualization of the block diagram steps of FIG . 25 overlaid and associated with exemplary GUI displays .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [ 0048 ] The embodiments of the invention described herein are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to precise forms disclosed . Rather , the embodiments selected for description have been chosen to enable one skilled in the art to practice the invention . [ 0049 ] Referring initially to FIG . 1A , FIG . 1A shows an exemplary operational environment with simplified wireless transfer system that that includes a power transfer emitter 1A and an exemplary airborne platform 3 mounting a rectenna 2 that receives emitted power 1B ( e . g . , an RF beam ) from the power transfer emitter 1A . The power transfer emitter 1A can be located on various fixed or mobile platforms , including , for example , a ship . Such systems can be used to enable persistent or long duration flight or operation remote from a power supply or fuel system such as a refueling system on board the ship shown in FIG . 1A . [ 0050 ] FIG . 1B shows a simplified exemplary block dia gram of aspects of a system which is being modelled or simulated by an exemplary embodiment of an exemplary WPES MSAV system ( e . g . , see FIG . 3 ) . In this example , the power transfer emitter 1A includes a transmitter antenna 1A that transmits a wireless power beam 1B that is received by the rectenna array 2 . The rectenna array 2 includes array elements 4 that converts transmitted wireless power beam 1B into DC current to be used by systems , e . g . , a DC motor 3A , installed in the airborne platform 3 . In at least one embodiment , the exemplary rectenna array 2 is made up of rectenna elements 4 that include an antenna 4A , a harmonic rejection filter 4C , a diode 4D , which , for example , behaves as a Schottky diode equivalent circuit 4G , a DC bypass filter 4E , a load resistor 4F , as well as two coplanar strips 4B1 and 4B2 that electrically connect these rectenna element com ponents . [ 0051 ] FIG . 2 shows an exemplary method of designing and manufacturing a wireless power transfer system based on use of an exemplary WPES MSAV system 7 ( See FIG . 3 ) . First , at step 5A a user determines an application scenario that requires the use of the wireless power transfer system . Next at step 5B , the user inputs the design variables corre sponding to the chosen application scenario into the WPES MSAV system 7 . Next at step 5C the WPES MSAV system 7 generates system outputs ( e . g . DC Power Output 89 at , e . g . , FIG . 4 ) , allowing the user to utilize these outputs in evaluating design parameter tradeoffs to determine , for example , if a tested design will exceed performance or

design component limitation parameters or otherwise will produce the desired wireless power transfer performance based on the requirements and limitations of the application scenario requiring the use of a wireless power transfer system . Finally , at Step 5D the user manufactures the wireless power transfer system based on system outputs from the WPES MSAV system 7 ( see FIG . 3 ) and resulting wireless power transfer system design . [ 0052 ] FIG . 3 shows an exemplary simplified functional system block diagram of an exemplary WPES MSAV sys tem 7 can include a control computer system 8 , a display 9 , and a keyboard / mouse 10 . The control computer system 8 can include , for example , a machine instruction storage system 11 ( e . g . hard drive ) , a power supply 23 , a processor 25 , an I / O system 21 , removable storage medium 27 , RAM 19 , and a network interface card 29 . The exemplary machine instruction storage system 11 stores an operating system 14 , a WPES MSAV operating manual 15 , libraries ( e . g . , 12A , 12B , and 12C ) , and the WPES MSAV software 13 which generates , for example , three visualization GUIs for WPA , Coplanar Stripline Analysis ( CPSA ) , and Diode Analysis ( DA ) . Exemplary libraries 12A , 12B , and 12C respectively can include , e . g . , a first library that can include , for example , previously measured and user input WPES MSAV Experi mental Rectenna Performance library 12A which can include a list of power convention efficiency performance data by design and power density used by WPES MSAV software 13 , a second library that can include , for example , diode Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis ( SPICE ) parameters data library 12B , and a third library that can include , for example , exported input / output variables library 12C used and generated by the WPES MSAV soft ware 13 . Exemplary WPA GUIs ( see e . g . FIG . 4 ) enables selection , simulation , and visual correlation of WPES sys tem design variables with an analysis summary table 83 and design limitation boundary condition warning flags 85 . Exemplary CPSA GUIS ( see e . g . FIG . 8 ) shows performance and design of selected coplanar stripline ( CPS ) design configuration for a rectenna design which is in turn used by the DA GUI . The DA GUI ( see e . g . FIG . 7 ) provides visualization graphs such as , e . g . , Calculated RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency ( Variable Duty Cycles ) 193 and Cal culated RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency ( Continuous Wave ) 181 ) and an analysis summary table 183 for diode component and CPS design using , for example , programs in FIGS . 9A - C and variables in FIGS . 10A - B / 11A - C . [ 0053 ] FIG . 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of the WPA tool graphical user interface ( GUI ) 31 of the WPES MSAV system 7 that can include an input variable ( and impliedly constant selections ) section 35 , an output variable section 63 , and a section for accessing the operating instruc tion by means of an Operating Instructions action button 33 . The input variable section 35 includes a Select Data Point list menu portion 39 within a Parametric Analysis panel 37 that enables creation of a wireless power analysis scenario stored in a relational database or scenario data structure based on user selection / definition of multiple data points within the Select Data Point ( s ) list menu 39 ( e . g . scroll up and down to select Data Point 1 , Data Point 2 , Data Point 3 , etc . ) that define a group or collection of data points which are then associated with specific parametric data in the Parametric Analysis panel 37 via data input / panel element selections . In at least one embodiment , each data point identifier within the group or collection of data point iden

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018

Point selection list or menu 39 ) within a collection of data points . In particular , users input a common set of constant variables ( variables shown in input variable 35 not defined as independent 41 or dependent 43 ) which are the same for all individual data points within groups of saved data points ( under Data Point selection list or menu 39 ) . In one or more embodiments , in a given scenario , an “ X ” axis of the DC power graph 89 is defined by selection of dependent variable identifier 43 . Thus , the x - axis of the DC power graph 89 can be any of the potential variable identifiers listed in the dependent variable drop down list 43 . Also , this graph ' s 89 legend 91 is defined by selecting an independent variable identifier in independent variable identifier drop down list 41 .

tifiers ( e . g . , Data point 1 , Data Point 2 , Data Point 3 , etc ) is defined with a common ( to all data points associated with a given design scenario ) independent variable identifier selec tion 41 , a common ( to all data points associated with a given design scenario ) dependent variable identifier selection 43 , and common constant ( potential input variable identifiers listed in the independent and dependent variable drop down menu lists 41 , 43 that are not designated as independent or dependent ) . Data values associated with each constant iden tifier remain the same for a given design scenario while dependent variable values change for each different inde pendent variable data value . Common independent variable 41 and common dependent variable 43 selections are made from potential variable identifiers comprising frequency 47 , power density 49 , transmitted power 51 , separation distance 53 , transmitter aperture area 55 , or receiver aperture area 59 ) . However , there are different user data value inputs for a selected independent variable identifier associated with each separate data point identifier . Design or performance identifiers ( selected variables and unselected identifiers ( im pliedly constants ) ) can also be viewed as design or perfor mance parameters . A design or performance parameter can be defined in at least some embodiments as a numerical or other measurable factor forming one of a set that defines a system or sets the conditions of its operation ; alternatively , a design or performance parameter can be viewed as a quantity whose value is selected for a particular set of circumstances and in relation to which other variable quan tities may be expressed . [ 0054 ] In other words , at least one embodiment of the invention operates based on a set of designated common independent and dependent variables as well as resulting constant identifiers ( potential variable identifiers not desig nated as independent or dependent ) as well as different user input independent variable data values associated with each data point within the Select Data Point selectable list 39 thereby collectively defining a wireless power analysis sce nario . Such wireless power analysis scenarios are used in part to generate different efficiency ( collection , atmospheric , and rectenna RF to DC conversion ) and DC power graphs ( e . g . , 73 , 81 , 67 , 89 ) as well as analysis summary 83 within variable graph section 63 . The analysis summary 83 shows a table of data points / associated data 84 for data points selected using the Data Point list drop down menu 39 as column headers . Each of the data points in the table of data points / associated data 84 is displayed rows of associated input variables data 35 , efficiency data ( “ y " value of data plots 69 , 75 ) , and Output DC Power data from y values 93 . User selection of independent variable identifier drop down option 41 and dependent variable identifier drop down option 43 within the WPES MSAV System GUI causes designation of remaining variables within the input variable section 35 as constants by machine instructions within the WPES MSAV software 13 ( e . g . , see FIG . 3 ) . Generally , FIG . 4 graphs and analysis sections within output variable section 63 are generated based on various software implemented formulas or algorithms within the WPES MSAV software 13 that receive input variable 35 selections and different user input independent variable input data and measurement or performance data from one or more libraries ( e . g . , 12A , 12B , 12C ; See FIG . 3 and FIG . 5 ) associated with one or more rectennas and diodes . Users input different independent variable data values for each defined data point ( defined in part by association with data point identifiers within Data

[ 0055 ] In this example , a user can use the FIG . 4 user interface 30 , 31 to select each desired data point , e . g . , “ Data Point 1 ” , “ Data Point 2 ” , “ Data Point 3 ” , etc ( in this example , a user can select “ Data Point 3 ” ( within list 39 ) ) , then associate or select : an independent variable from a dropdown menu 41 ( e . g . frequency 47 , power density 49 , transmitted power 51 , separation distance 53 , transmitter aperture area 55 , receiver aperture area 59 ) ; select a depen dent variable from a dropdown menu 43 ( e . g . frequency 47 , power density 49 , transmitted power 51 , separation distance 53 , transmitter aperture area 55 ) ; alternatively , a user can select or activate a Reset All action button 45 which triggers a reset function 243C ( See FIG . 9C ) clearing all data in the wireless power analysis tab 31 to enable start of a fresh wireless power system study . Generally , a dependent vari able selected within the Input Variable 35 section can be automatically recalculated based on selection of a given independent variable drop down 41 and designated constants within the list of potential variables within Input Variable section 35 . [ 0056 ] In the FIG . 4 example , a list of potential indepen dent or dependent variables are listed in input variable section 35 under the wireless power analysis tab 31 which each can be designated as an independent or dependent variable via drop down menus 41 , 43 . In at least some embodiments , within a study , all or some of the selected data points in data point list 39 , can have common independent and dependent variable identifiers along with constants while each data point will have user input data for selected independent variable 41 . Independent and dependent vari able selections will result in the FIG . 4 wireless power analysis user interface 30 , 31 being configured with colored boxes around variable fields ( e . g . , teal ( independent ) , black ( constants ) , and pink ( dependent ) ) to aid a user to know which field should receive input data vs ones that will automatically calculate data . In other words , in at least some embodiments , a particular , selection of independent and dependent variable identifiers via drop down menus 41 , 43 , results in rendering each variable box with a colored border so they are each associated with independent variable selec tion 41 , dependent variable selection 43 , and constant vari ables ( ones not designated as independent or dependent ) . Designation as an independent and dependent variable enables user data input into variable input fields that are designated as the independent variable as well as constant fields which are not designated or selected ( via drop down menu ) as independent or dependent variables ( e . g . , variable fields 47 , 49 , 51 , 53 , 55 , 59 ) which in turn will result in

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018

automatic computation of dependent variable values for each dependent variable associated with each data point ( within data point list 39 ) . [ 0057 ] In particular , the FIG . 4 exemplary input variables section 35 includes sections enabling user input of specific values for each independent variable and constant ( potential variables not designated as independent or dependent ) ( e . g . frequency 47 , power density 49 , transmitted power 51 , separation distance 53 , transmitter aperture area 55 , and receiver aperture area 59 ) . Within the transmitter aperture area subsection 55 , the exemplary system enables a user to also select either a circular or rectangular aperture shape by enabling selection of one of a plurality of receiver rectenna Shape radio buttons 57 . Within the receiver rectenna aper ture area subsection , the FIG . 4 interface enables user selection of either a circular or rectangular aperture shape by selecting one of a plurality of Shape radio buttons 61 comprising circular or rectangular buttons . [ 0058 ] The output variables section 63 includes a plurality of graphs which display output data , including , for example , a Collection Efficiency graph 73 , an Atmospheric Efficiency graph 81 , a Rectenna RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency graph 67 , and a DC Power Output graph 89 . The output variables section 63 also can include an Analysis Summary table 83 which stores and displays both the input variables ( e . g . e . g . frequency 47 , power density 49 , transmitted power 51 , separation distance 53 , transmitter aperture area 55 , receiver aperture area 59 ) and output variables ( e . g . DC power output 93 ) . Within the Collection Efficiency graph 73 , a transmit / receiver apertures and separation distance corre lation visualization graph 77 ( optionally also correlating frequency and portion of beam hitting receive aperture ) showing separation distance 53 between the transmitting aperture ( e . g . the antenna 1A in FIG . 1A or 1B ) and the receiving aperture ( e . g . the rectenna array 2 in FIG . 1A or 1B ) ( and optionally frequency related data ) is displayed by using the separation distance 53 , transmitter aperture area 59 , and receiver aperture area 55 variables within the input variables section 35 ( and optionally frequency variable 47 ) . A first tracking dot 75 shows a visualization of the collection efficiency for design parameters selected in step 5A . Within the Rectenna RF - to - DC Conversion efficiency graph 67 a second tracking dot 69 shows a visualization of the RF - to DC conversion efficiency for the design parameters selected in Step 5A ( e . g . , from FIG . 2 ) . In this embodiment , tracking dots shown within each graph ( 73 , 81 , 67 , and 89 ) are generated based on a currently selected data point , e . g . , “ Data Point 3 ” ( within data point list 39 ) within the group of data points defined in data point list 39 in the input variable section 35 . A graph legend 66 is shown in the Rectenna RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency graph 67 that are used to depict different plot lines ( e . g . , up to five plot lines 70 , 71 from e . g . , experimental data 99 and user measured data 106 discussed in FIG . 5 ) . These plot lines are generated by various functions ( e . g . , see plot _ axes 1 - 5 245D - 247G ) executing Step 605F based on library data ( e . g . , 12A , 12B , and / or 12C ) and user input data from Input Variables section 35 . 10059 ] The output variables section 63 also can include a plurality of action buttons , including , for example , an Input Atmospheric Conditions action button 79 , an Open Library action button 65 which triggers the library _ button function 243F ( e . g . , see FIG . 9C ) which in turn opens the Interactive User - Input Action and Experimental Data Storage Library

GUI ( see e . g . FIG . 5 ) , and an Export Data action button 87 which triggers the export function 243G ( e . g . , see FIG . 9C ) that in turn allows the user to export the analysis summary table 83 as a file readable by other programs ( e . g . Excel® ) . The output variables section 63 also can include a subsection that displays warning text 85 if the selected input variables will result in a design that falls outside of the boundary limitations for the application scenario determined in Step 5A ( e . g . , see FIG . 2 ) . [ 0060 ] The FIG . 4 DC Power Output graph GUI 89 is designed with an x - axis label of distance 95 and a y - axis label of rectenna DC power ( not numbered ) . The y - axis value ( rectenna DC power ) is a fixed graph label that isn ' t swapped with another variable in this graph . However , the X - value label and the x - axis data values themselves are determined in this graph based on a user selection of a dependent variable in the Input Variables GUI panel or subsection 35 . Thus , a user can rapidly swap out the x - axis variable with different variables through selection of Depen dent Variable 43 list drop down menu items . This is one of a number of important functions or features of this embodi ment of the invention because this swappability of depen dent variables to fixed graph variables in a single visualiza tion enables rapid switching of visualizations to compare different design scenarios and aids in cognitive function of rapidly evaluating design tradeoffs in a single visualization . 10061 ] FIG . 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a WPA Interactive User - Input Action and Experimental Data Stor age Library GUI 96 generated by the WPES MSAV software 13 which can include an Experimental Data GUI display section 97 and a User Measured Data GUI section 103 . This GUI 96 is displayed when the user activates the Open Library button 65 in FIG . 4 , which in turn triggers the library _ button function 243F ( e . g . , see FIG . 9C ) . The Experimental Data section 97 within can include a power density and RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency Data 99 dis played in Library Table GUIs 101 which can be drawn from data stored in Library 12A that originates from previously completed analysis or studies for specific components or arrays ( e . g . , studies or reports by W . C . Brown , Electronic and Mechanical Improvement of the Receiving Terminal of a Free - Space Microwave Power Transmission System , Ray theon Company , MA , USA , Tech . Rep . PT - 4964 , August 1977 , NASA Rep . CR - 135194 ; J . O . McSpadden , L . Fan , and K . Chang , “ Design and experiments of a high - conver sion - efficiency 5 . 8 - GHz rectenna , ” IEEE Trans . MTT , Vol . 46 , No . 12 , pp . 2053 - 2060 , December 1998 ; P . Koert , J . Cha , and M . Macina , “ 35 and 94 GHz rectifying antenna sys tems , ” in SPS 91 - Power From Space Dig . , Paris , France , August 1991 , pp . 541 - 547 ) . In this example , the library data of Brown cannot be unselected and will always be displayed on the Rectenna RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency graph 67 in FIG . 4 . Remaining individual libraries ( e . g . McSpadden and Koert ) can be selected or unselected using a checkbox corresponding to each library 101 . If the checkbox for a specific library is selected that library will be displayed 70 in the Rectenna RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency graph 67 in FIG . 4 . 10062 ] The User Measured data section 103 also allows the user to input data points corresponding to power density and RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency into the User Mea sured Data table 106 . This user input data is saved to the Rectenna Performance Library 12A when the user activates the Add to Library action button 113 within the User

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018

Measured Data Library GUI panel 107 which triggers the button _ library function 243F7 ( e . g . , see FIG . 9C ) . This user input data file is named by the user ' s input of a library file name entered into a User Measured Data name textbox 111 displayed after clicking on the Add to Library action button 113 . The graph plot legend 66 within the Rectenna RF - to DC Conversion Efficiency Graph 67 in the FIG . 4 WPA GUI is added to or changed when this user input data file name is input in the User Measured Data name textbox 111 . In particular , the user can input a plurality of different user measured data sets , which after being saved to an associated library ( e . g . , see FIG . 3 , 12A ) , are able to be selected from the User Data dropdown menu 109 within the User Mea sured Data Library GUI panel 107 . When the user selects a data set from the User Data dropdown menu 109 the function menu _ library 243F8 ( e . g . , see FIG . 9C ) is triggered which populates the User Measured Data table 106 using that data set . A clear table button 115 triggers the clear _ table function 243F5 ( e . g . , see FIG . 9C ) which clears all data from the user measured data table 106 . A User Measured Data checkbox 105 allows data from the User Measured Data table 106 to be displayed in the Rectenna RF - to - DC Con version Efficiency graph 67 . A Track Measured Data check box 117 allows the user to choose whether or not the second tracking dot 69 will be displayed on the User Measured data curve 125 on the Rectenna RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency graph 67 in , e . g . , FIG . 4 . [ 0063 ] FIG . 6 shows two exemplary outputs of the Rect enna RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency graph 67 in FIG . 4 . In version A , the Track Measured Data checkbox 117 of FIG . 5 has been left unchecked so the second tracking dot 69 will not be displayed on the User Measured data curve 125 . In version B , the Track Measured Data checkbox 117 of FIG . 5 has been checked so the second tracking dot will be displayed on the User Measured data curve 125 . [ 0064 ] FIG . 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of the Diode Comparison and Selection Analysis ( DA ) tool GUI tab 129 of the WPES MSAV software 13 , which includes an Input Variables subsection 133 , an Output Variables subsec tion 171 , and a section for accessing the operating instruc tion by means of an Operating Instructions action button 131 . The Input Variables section can include a plurality of subsections , including a Parametric Analysis subsection 135 , a Frequency subsection 145 , a Diode Inputs subsection 147 , and a Duty Cycle section 167 . The Parametric Analysis subsection 135 includes , for example , a list menu allowing the user to select a data point for a specific diode 139 ( e . g . Diode 1 , Diode 2 , Diode 3 , etc . ) and a list menu allowing the user to select a data point for a specific duty cycle 137 ( e . g . Duty Cycle 1 , Duty Cycle 2 , Duty Cycle 3 , etc . ) . The Parametric Analysis section 135 also includes a Reset Diode action button 143 which , upon activation by the user , triggers the reset _ diode function 245B ( e . g . , see 9D ) , and a Reset Duty Cycle action button 141 which , upon activation by the user , triggers the reset _ duty _ cycle function 245C ( e . g . , see FIG . 9D ) . The frequency section 145 allows the user to input a specific value for frequency to be used by a series of diode analysis equations 537 - 559 ( e . g . , see FIG . 12C ) . [ 0065 ] The Diode Inputs subsection 147 can include two subsections , a SPICE Parameter section 149 and a Load section 165 . The SPICE parameter section allow the user to select a specific type of diode from the diode SPICE Parameters Library 12B ( e . g . YSD110 151 ) , and to input

values for specific variables , including Series Resistance 153 , Built - In Barrier Voltage 155 , Reverse Bias Voltage 157 and , Zero - Bias Junction Capacitance 159 . The user can also input a custom name for the diode 161 and activate an Add Diode to Library action button 163 which triggers a button _ diode _ add function 245F ( e . g . , see FIG . 9D ) which saves SPICE data to second library ( FIG . 3 , 12B ) . The Load section 165 allows the user to enter a custom value for the load ( e . g . FIG . 10B , “ rl ” variable 369 ) . The Duty Cycle section 167 allows the user to input a value for a duty cycle , i . e . the percentage of use time an RF signal will be active over a predetermined range of time ( e . g . , on / non - zero ) . Finally , the Input Variables section 133 contains a Reset All action button 169 which , upon activation by the user , triggers a reset _ all function 245H . [ 0066 ] The Output Variables section 171 contains a Load Resistance vs . Calculated Diode Impedance graph 175 , a Diode Voltage vs . Calculated Diode Impedance graph 179 , a Calculated RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency ( Continuous Wave ) graph 181 , and a Calculated RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency ( Variable Duty Cycles ) 193 . The Load Resistance vs Calculated Diode Impedance graph 175 displays a track ing line 173 that corresponds to the user entered Load variable 163 . The Output Variables section also contains an Analysis Summary subsection 183 which contains tables that display , for example , Diode SPICE Parameters and Max Output DC Power 185 , Electrical Characteristics of Diode 187 , Power and Voltage 189 . The Analysis Summary section 183 also contains an Export Selected Diode action button 191 which , upon activation by the user , triggers a diode _ export function 2451 ( e . g . , see FIG . 9D ) . The Calculated RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency ( Continuous Wave ) graph 181 displays different diode data points 139 for a constant duty cycle ( e . g . 100 % ) . The Calculated RF - to - DC Conver sion ( Variable Duty Cycles ) graph 193 displays different duty cycle data points 137 for a single type of selected diode 139 . [ 0067 ] FIG . 8 shows an exemplary embodiment of the Coplanar Stripline Analysis ( CPSA ) tool GUI tab 195 of the WPES MSAV system , which includes , for example , a sec tion containing an action button used to open the Operating Instructions 197 , an Input Variables section 199 , an Output Variables section 217 , and a Coplanar Stripline Geometry section 229 . The Input Variables section contains several subsections , including a Parametric Analysis subsection 201 , a Dielectric Constant subsection 209 , a Gap subsection 211 , a Width subsection 213 , and a Height subsection 215 . The Parametric Analysis subsection 201 allows the user to select a data point from a list of potential data points 203 ( e . g . Data Point 1 , Data point 2 , Data point 3 , etc . ) , to select a user specified independent variable from a drop down of potential independent variables 205 ( including , e . g . dielec tric constant , gap , width , and height ) , and to activate a Reset All action 207 button which triggers reset function 246C ( e . g . , see FIG . 9D ) . The Dielectric Constant subsection 209 allows the user to input a value for the dielectric constant of a substrate on which the coplanar striplines 4B1 , 4B2 are located being examined . The Gap subsection 211 allows the user to input a value for separation gap between the two parallel conducting striplines 4B1 , 4B2 ( e . g . , see FIG . 1B ) . The Width subsection 213 allows the user to input a value for the width of the two parallel conducting striplines 4B1 , 4B2 . The Height subsection 215 allows the user to input a value for the height of the substrate on which the coplanar

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018

stripline 4B1 , 4B2 are located . The Output Variable section 217 contains , for example , a Gap ( e . g . , the user specified independent variable 225 ) vs . Characteristic Impedance graph 223 ( e . g . , fixed variable ) , which generates two curves , one using equation 531 and one using equation 535 ( e . g . , for these equations , see FIG . 12B ) , a Gap v . Effective Permit tivity graph 227 ( also a user specified independent variable in at least some embodiments ) , which generates two curve in this graph 223 , one using equation 529 and one using equation 533 ( e . g . , see FIG . 12B ) . The Output Variables section 217 also contains an Analysis Summary section 219 , which stores and displays a table of both the Input Variables ( e . g . dielectric constant 209 , gap 211 , width 213 , and height 215 ) as well as the output variables ( e . g . effective permit tivity 529 , 533 , and characteristic impedance 531 , 535 in FIG . 12B ) . The Analysis Summary section 219 also has an Export Data action button 221 , which , when triggered by the user , triggers an export function 246E ( e . g . , see FIG . 9D ) . The Coplanar Stripline Geometry section 229 displays a plurality of views of the coplanar striplines 4B1 , 4B2 being examined , including a top view 31 , a side view 233 , and a view showing magnetic and electric fields around each stripline 235 . [ 0059 ] [ 0068 ] In important aspect of the cognitive aid and rapid tradeoff analysis capabilities of this embodiment of the invention , the graphs 223 , 227 within CPSA GUI 195 can be rapidly changed or swapped out to change their x - axis variables and titles based on what independent variables 209 , 211 , 213 , and 215 are selected in the Output Variables section 217 of the CPSA GUI 195 . The first graph 223 in this example has a displayed and user selected independent variable selection of “ Gap ” 211 which then causes the first graph to display gap as an x - axis label with gap data drawn from Input Variable GUI section 199 and thereby generates a title associated with this variable selection of " Gap vs Characteristic Impendence ” . The first graph 223 y - axis value is " characteristic impedance ” which in this embodi ment is not altered based on variable selections in the Input Variable GUI section 199 of the CPSA Tab 195 . [ 0069 ] The second graph 227 in this example has a dis played and user selected independent variable selection of “ Gap ” 211 which then causes the second graph to display gap as an x - axis label with gap data drawn from Input Variable GUI section 199 and thereby generates a title associated with this variable selection of “ Gap vs Effective Permittivity ” . The second graph 227 y - axis value is “ Effec tive Permittivity ” which in this embodiment is not altered based on variable selections in the Input Variable GUI section 199 of the CPSA Tab 195 . Thus , a user can rapidly swap out the x - axis variable for both the first and second graphs 223 , 227 with different data values through selection of independent variable list drop down menu items 205 . This is another set of important functions or features of this embodiment of the invention because this swappability of independent variables to fixed graph data in a single visu alization enables rapid switching of visualizations to com pare different design scenarios and aids in cognitive function of rapidly evaluating design tradeoffs in a single visualiza tion . [ 0070 ] FIG . 9A shows an exemplary table of WPES MSAV software 13 function groups and an exemplary table of a WPA _ INIT function group and their relationship to other variables and steps used by the WPES MSAV software 13 ( Also see UI object variables described in FIGS . 11A

11C and processing steps executed by various functions shown in FIGS . 13 - 20 ) . A wireless _ power _ gui function 237 contains a plurality of function groups that generate a tab _ wpa 391 , a tab _ da 451 , a tab _ cpsa 421 , and execute function groups WPA INIT 239 , DA INIT 241 , and CPSA INIT 242 during step 600 . A WPA _ INIT function group 239 generates the Wireless Power Analysis UIObject Variables 401 - 419 during step 601 . A DA _ INIT function group 241 generates the Diode Analysis UIObject Variables 453 - 465 during step 631 . The CPSA _ INIT function group 242 gen erates the Coplanar Stripline Analysis UIObject Variables 423 - 435 during step 661 . A WPA _ CALLBACK function group 243 which accepts user input from Input Variables edit boxes 405 , Transmitter Aperture radio buttons 407 , Receiver Aperture radio buttons 409 , Parametric Analysis lists 411 , and button _ library 415 by using step 603 , 607 , 609 , or 611 . A DA _ CALLBACK function group 245 accepts user input from Input Variables edit boxes 457 , library menu / edit box 459 , and Parametric Analysis lists 461 by using step 633 , 639 , 641 , 644 . A CPSA _ CALLBACK function group 246 accepts user input from Input Variables edit boxes 427 , and Parametric Analysis lists 431 by using step 663 , 667 , or 669 . A WPA _ UPDATE function group 247 displays values for Input Variables Edit Boxes 405 , Data Point List 411 , Output Variables Graphs 413 , Analysis Summary Table 417 , and Warning Text 419 during step 605 . ADA _ UPDATE function group 249 displays values for Output Variables Graphs 463 and Analysis Summary Tables 465 during step 635 . A CPSA _ UPDATE function group 250 displays values for Output Variables Graphs 433 and Analysis Summary Table 435 during step 665 . [ 0071 ] FIG . 9A also includes a table showing functions that comprise the WPA _ INIT function group which gener ates the WPA GUI . An instructions function 239A generates Operating Instructions action button 33 . An input function 239B generates panel _ input 401 . A parametric analysis 239C generates panel _ parametric 403 , parametric analysis lists 411 , and Reset All button 45 . A frequency function 239D generates panel _ f 403 and edit _ f 405 . A power _ density function 239E generates panel _ pd 403 and edit _ pd 405 . A power _ transmitted function 239F generates panel _ pt 403 and edit _ pt 405 . A distance function 239G generates panel _ d 403 and edit _ d 405 . A transmitter _ aperture _ area function 239H generates panel _ at 403 , edit ati , edit at2 , edit _ at3 405 , and radio buttons 407 . A receiver _ aperture _ area function 2391 generates panel _ ar 403 , edit _ ar1 , edit _ ar2 , edit _ ar3 405 , and radio buttons 409 . An output function 239J generates panel _ output 401 . An axes function 239K generates axes1 , axes2 , axes3 , axes4 , axes5 413 and button _ library 415 . An analysis summary function 239L generates panel _ analysis 401 , tablel 417 , and text _ warn 419 . [ 0072 ] FIG . 9B shows tables of exemplary DA _ INIT and CPSA _ NIT function groups and their relationship to other variables and steps used by the WPES MSAV system . Within the DA _ INIT function group 241 : An instructions function 241A generates Operating Instructions button 131 . An input 241B generates panel _ input 453 . A parametric _ analysis function generates panel _ parametric 455 , diode analysis and duty cycle analysis lists 461 , Reset Diode action button 143 , and Reset Duty Cycle action button 141 . A frequency function 241D generates panel _ f 455 and edit f 457 . A diode _ input function 241E generates panel _ diode 455 . A diode _ spice function 241F generates panel _ spice 455 . A diode library _ load function 241G generates menu _

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018

library 459 . A series _ resistance function 241H generates edit _ rs 457 . A barrier _ voltage function 2411 that generates edit _ vbi 457 . A reverse _ bias _ voltage function 2411 gener ates edit _ vbr 457 . A junction _ capacitance function 241K generates edit _ cjo 457 . A diode _ library _ save function 241L generates edit _ library 459 and the Add Diode to Library actions button 163 . A load function 241M generates panel _ r1 455 and edit _ rl 457 . A duty _ cycle function 241N generates panel _ dc 455 and edit _ dc 457 . A reset _ button function 2410 generates the Reset All button 169 . An output function 241P generates panel _ output 453 . An axes function 2410 gener ates axes1 , axes2 , axes3 , axes4 463 . An analysis _ summary function 241R generates panel _ analysis 453 , tablel , table2 , table3 465 , and the Export Selected Diode action button 191 . [ 0073 ] Within the CPSA _ INIT function group 242 : An instructions function 242A generates the Operating Instruc tions action button 197 . An input function 242B generates panel _ input 424 . A parametric _ analysis function 242C gen erates panel _ parametric 423 , parametric analysis lists 431 , and the Reset All action button 169 . A dielectric function 242D generates panel _ er 425 and edit _ edit _ 427 . A gap function 242E generates panel _ s 425 and edit _ s 427 . A width function 242F generates panel _ w 425 and edit _ w 427 . A height function 242G generates panel _ h 425 and edit _ h 427 . An output function 242H generates panel _ output 424 . An axes function 2421 generates axes1 and axes2 433 . An analysis summary function 242J generates panel _ analysis 423 , table1 435 , and the Export Data action button 221 . A geometry function 242K generates panel _ geometry 424 , and Coplanar stripline diagrams ( e . g . panel _ top 429 , panel _ side 429 , panel _ electro 429 , axes _ top 429 , axes _ side 429 , and axes _ electro 429 ) . 10074 ] FIG . 9C shows tables of exemplary functions within the WPA _ CALLBACK 243 and library _ button 243F function groups . Within the WPA _ CALLBACK function group 243 : A list _ data function 243A accepts user input from list _ data 411 through step 603 . A depvar function 243B accepts user input from menu _ depvar or menu _ indepvar 411 through step 607 . A reset function 243C accepts user input from Reset Button 45 through step 613 . A plurality of functions 243D ( e . g . edit _ f , edit _ pd , edit _ pt , edit _ d , edit _ at , edit _ ar ) accept user input from edit boxes 405 through step 611 . A plurality of functions 243E ( radio _ at and radio _ ar ) accept user input from transmitter radio buttons 407 or receiver radio buttons 409 through step 611 . A library _ button function 243F accepts user inut from button _ library 415 through step 609 and opens FIG . 5 GUI 96 , generating WPA Experimental Data Library GUI elements 420A - I . An export function 243G accepts user input from Export Button 87 through step 615 . [ 0075 ] Within the library _ button function group 243F : A table function 243F1 accepts user input from table6 420F during step 609E and executes function group WPA _ UP DATE 247 through step 605 . A checkbox _ mcspadden func tion 243F2 accepts user input from checkbox _ mcspadden 420B during step 609E and executes function group WPA _ _ UPDATE 247 through step 605 . A checkbox _ koert function 243F3 accepts user input from checkbox _ koert 420C during step 609E and executes function group WPA _ UPDATE 247 through step 605 . A checkbox _ custom function 243F4 accepts user input from checkbox _ custom 420D during step 609E and executes function group WPA _ UPDATE 247 through step 605 . A clear _ table function 243F5 accepts user input from the Clear Table action button 115 during step

609F to clear values in table6 420F . A library _ name function 243F6 accepts user input from library _ name 420H during step 609E and executes function group WPA _ UPDATE 247 through step 605 . A button _ library function 243F7 accepts user input from the Add to Library action button 113 during step 609D to save values of table6 420F and library _ name 420H to WPES MSAV Library 12A . A menu _ library func tion 243F8 accepts user input from menu _ library 420G during step 609C . A checkbox _ custom _ f function 243F9 accepts user input from checkbox _ lib _ f 4201 during step 609E and executes function group WPA _ UPDATE 247 . [ 0076 ) FIG . 9D shows tables of exemplary DA _ CALL BACK and CPSA _ CALLBACK function groups and their relationship to other variables and steps used by the WPES MSAV system . Within the DA _ CALLBACK function group 245 : A list _ data _ diode function 245A accepts user input from list _ data _ diode 461 through step 633 . A reset _ diode function 245B accepts user input from the Reset Diode action button 143 through step 637 . A reset _ duty _ cycle function 245C accepts user input from Reset Duty Cycle action button through step 643 . A plurality of functions ( e . g . edit _ f , edit _ rs , edit _ vbi , edit _ vbr , edit _ cjo ) 245D accept user input from edit boxes 457 through step 641 . A menu _ library fuctnion 245E accepts user input from menu _ library 459 through step 639 . A button diode add function 245F accepts user input from the Add Diode to Library 163 through step 644 . An edit _ rl function 245G accepts user input from edit _ rl 457 through step 641 . A reset _ all function 245H accepts user input from the Reset All action button 169 through step 645 . A function diode _ export 2451 accepts user input from the Export Selected Diode action button 191 through step 646 . 100771 Within the CPSA CALLBACK function group 246 : A list _ data function 246A accepts user input from list _ data 431 through step 663 . An indepvar function 246B accepts user input from menu _ indepvar 431 through step 667 . A reset function 246C accepts user input from the Reset All action button 207 through step 671 . A plurality of functions ( e . g . edit _ er , edit _ s , edit _ w , edit _ h ) 246D accepts user input from edit boxes 427 through step 669 . An export function 246E accepts user input from the Export Data action button 221 through step 673 . [ 0078 ] FIG . 9E shows tables of exemplary WPA _ UP DATE ( updates and modifies the WPA Tab 31 GUI elements ( e . g . , graph , tables , changes some inputs , etc ) , FIG . 4 ) , DA _ UPDATE ( updates and modifies the DA Tab 129 GUI elements ( e . g . , graph , tables , changes some inputs , etc ) , FIG . 7 ) , CPSA _ UPDATE function groups ( updates and modifies the CPSA Tab 195 GUI elements ( e . g . , graph , tables , changes some inputs , etc ) , FIG . 8 ) , and their relationship to other variables and steps used by the WPES MSAV software 13 . Within the WPA _ UPDATE function group 247 : An update function 247A executes step 605A by calling func tion 247B , executes step 605B , executes functions 247C - H during steps 605C - F , then fills in tablel 417 entries during step 605F . A calculate _ dependent function 247B executes step 605A which calculates the dependent variable 43 and fills in its corresponding edit box 405 in the WPA GUI tab 31 , FIG . 4 . A check bounds function 247C executes step 605C which checks the boundaries on edit _ pd 405 entry , then displays text _ warn 419 and highlights corresponding list _ data entry 411 if step 605D is executed . A plot _ axes1 function 247D executes step 605F to plot axes 1 413 . ( which generates Rectenna RF to DC Conversion Efficiency graph

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67 in WPA Tab 31 , FIG . 4 ) A plot _ axes2 function 247E executes step 605F to plot axes2 413 . ( which generates collection efficiency graph 73 in WPA Tab 31 , FIG . 4 ) A plot _ axes3 function 247F executes step 605F to plot axes3 413 . ( which generates visual representation of apertures 77 in FIG . 4 , WPA Tab 31 ) A plot _ axes4 function 2476 executes step 605F to plot axes4 413 ( which produces the DC Power Output Graph 89 in WPA Tab 31 , FIG . 4 ) . A plot axes5 function 247H executes step 605F to plot axes5 413 ( atmospheric efficiency plot which shows an estimate of how much power is not attenuated due atmospheric condi tions ) . [ 0079 ] Within the DA _ UPDATE function group 249 : An update function 249A executes step 635A and fills in tablel 465 entries , then executes functions 249B , 249C , 249D , and 249E during steps 635B - E . A plot _ axes1 function 249B executes step 635B to plot axes 1 463 and fill in table2 465 entries . A plot _ axes2 function 249C executes step 635C to plot axes2 463 . A plot _ axes3 function 249D executes step 635D to plot axes3 463 and fill in table3 465 entries . A plot _ axes4 function 249E executes step 635E to plot axes 463 . [ 0080 ] Within the CPSA _ UPDATE function group 250 : An update function 250A executes step 665A and executes functions 250B , 250C during step 655B and 655C , then fills in tablel 435 entries . A plot _ axes1 function 250B executes step 665B to plot axes1 433 . A plot _ axes2 function 250C executes step 665C to plot axes2 433 . [ 0081 ] FIG . 10A shows an exemplary table of variables to be used by the WPA tool GUI 30 and a brief description of each variable . A variable ndata 301 sets the maximum number of data points 303 that can be included in the Select Data Point list menu 39 . A variable n 303 Tracks the currently - selected data point to replace and store the correct input variable 305 , tau 313 , efficiencies 315 , pdc 317 . Variables f , pd , pt , d , at , and ar 305 store values for frequency , power density , transmitted power , separation distance , calculated transmitter aperture area , and calculated receiver aperture area respectively for use in equation 501 to calculate the dependent variable 43 as determined by depend _ var _ flag 335 or calculated using equation 501 dur ing step 605A . Variables at radio , at _ subl , at _ sub2 , at _ sub3 307 store values for either transmitter diameter ( at _ sub 1 ) or transmitter length and width ( at _ sub2 , at _ sub3 ) depending on user selection of circular or rectangular transmitter ( at _ radio ) for use in calculating transmitter aperture area ( at ) 305 using known equations for area . Variables ar _ radio , ar _ sub1 , ar _ sub2 , ar _ sub3 309 store values for either receiver diameter ( ar _ subl ) or receiver length and width ( ar _ sub2 , ar _ sub3 ) depending on user selection of circular or rectangular receiver ( ar _ radio ) for use in calculating receiver aperture area ( ar ) 305 using known equations for area . A variable dmin 311 stores the minimum feasible separation distance calculate by equation 513 . A variable tau 313 is calculated in equation 507 for use in calculating a collection efficiency nu1 315 in equation 509 . Variables nul and n2 315 store rectenna efficiency and collection efficiency respec tively as calculated in equations 509 and 505 for use in calculating output DC power in equation 511 . A variable pdc 317 stores output DC power calculated by equation 511 . A variable valid _ data _ point 319 tracks the data points n 303 that do not violate the inequality in equation 504 . A variable data _ point _ flag 321 tracks which data points n 303 have been selected by the user for viewing . A variable custom _

library _ name 323 stores a user - specified name of user entered Power density and Rectenna conversion efficiency values 325 loaded to / from WPES MSAV Library 12A during step 609 . A variable custom _ library _ data 325 stores power density and Rectenna conversion efficiency ( User - entered ) data loaded to or from WPES MSAV Library 12A during step 609 . Variables checkbrown , checkmcspadden , check koert , checkcustom , checkcustomfreq 327 store boolean values altered during step 609E that determine which Power density and Rectenna conversion efficiency values ( 329 , 331 , 333 , 325 ) are displayed on the WPA GUI 30 and whether custom _ library _ data 325 or pd _ Brown 329 is used for pd _ lib in equation 504 . Variables pd _ Brown and Eta _ Brown 329 store exemplary power density and Rectenna conversion efficiency ( Brown ) data loaded from the WPES MSAV Library 12A . Variables pd _ McSpadden and Eta _ McSpadden 331 store exemplary power density and Rect enna conversion efficiency ( McSpadden ) data loaded from the WPES MSAV Library 12A . Variables pd _ Koert and Eta _ Koert 333 store exemplary power density and Rectenna conversion efficiency ( Koert ) data loaded from the WPES MSAV Library 12A . Variables depend _ var _ flag and inde pend var flag 335 determine and identify which input variables 305 the user selected as the independent variable 41 or the dependent variable 43 for use in equations 501 . Variables pd _ scaled and Eta _ scaled 337 store power density and Rectenna conversion efficiency values calculated in equation 503 for use in equations 504 , 505 . [ 0082 ] FIG . 10B shows tables of exemplary variables to be used by the DA tool GUI 30 and the CPSA tool GUI 30 and a brief description of each variable . For the CPSA variables : A variable ndata 339 sets the maximum number of data points 341 that will be displayed in the Select Data Point list menu 203 . A variable n 341 stores the currently selected data point to replace and store the correct input variable 343 , characteristic impedance ( Zcl , Zc2 ) 345 , and effective permittivities ( Eps _ effi , Eps _ eff2 ) 347 . Variables er , s , w , h 343 store values for the dielectric constant 209 , gap distance 211 , width 213 , and height 215 for use in equations 515 , 519 , 523 , 529 , and 533 to calculate effective permittivity 347 . Variables Zcl and Zc2 345 store a value for the characteristic impedance calculated in equations 531 and 535 . Variables Eps _ eff1 and Eps _ eff2 347 store a value for the effective permittivity calculated using equations 529 and 533 . A variable data _ point _ flag 349 tracks and stores data points which have been selected for viewing . A variable independ _ var _ flag 351 stores which input variable 343 is selected as the independent variable 205 . [ 0083 ] For the Diode Analysis variables : variables ndata _ diode and ndata _ dutycycle 361 set the maximum number of data points 366 that will be displayed in the Diode Select Data Point list menu 139 and the Duty Cycle Select Data Point list menu 137 respectively . A variable n _ diode 366 tracks the currently - selected diode data point to replace and store the correct input variables ( e . g . Frequency 145 , Series Resistance 153 , Built - in Barrier Voltage 155 , Reverse Bias Voltage 157 , Zero Bias Junction Capacitance 159 , and Load Resistance 167 ) . A variable n _ dutycycle 366 tracks the currently - selected duty cycle data point to replace and store the correct input variable ( e . g . duty cycle 370 ) . Variables f , rs , vbi , vbr , cjo , and rl 369 store Frequency 145 , Series Resistance 153 , Built - in Barrier Voltage 155 , Reverse Bias Voltage 157 , Zero Bias Junction Capacitance 159 , and Load Resistance 167 respectively for use by equations 537

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018 10

through 553 and 559 . A variable duty cycle 370 stores the percentage of time that the diode is active within one cycle for use in a computation equation . A variable Zd 371 stores Diode Input Impedance calculated using equation 547 . A variable pdcmax 373 stores the maximum DC output power calculated using equation 557 . A variable diode _ name 375 stores the user - specified name 161 of user - entered Diode SPICE parameters rs , vbi , vbr , cjo 369 loaded to / from WPES MSAV Library 12B during steps 639 or 646 . [ 0084 ] FIG . 11A shows tables of exemplary UIObject variables used by the WPA tool GUI 30 of the WPES MSAV software 13 and their relationship to the WPA tool GUI 30 . A UIObject tab _ wpa 391 stores and displays the Wireless Power Analysis tab 31 generated from function uitab ( see MATLAB® “ uitab ” documentation ) during function wire less _ power _ gui 237 . UIObjects panel _ input , panel _ output , and panel _ analysis 401 store and display the Input Variables panel 35 , Output Variables panel 63 , and Analysis Summary panel 83 generated from function uipanel ( see MATLAB® " uipanel ” documentation during execution of function group WPA _ INIT 239 . UIObjects panel _ parametric , panel _ f , panel _ pd , panel _ pt , panel _ d , panel _ at , panel _ ar 403 store and display Parametric Analysis panel 37 , frequency panel 47 , power density panel 49 , transmitted power panel 51 , separation distance panel 53 , transmitter aperture area panel 55 , receiver aperture area panel 59 generated from function uipanel ( see MATLAB® “ uipanel ” documentation ) during execution of function group WPA _ INIT 239 . UIObjects edit _ f , edit _ pd , edit _ pt , edit _ d , edit _ at ] , edit _ ar ] , edit _ at2 , edit _ ar2 edit _ at3 , edit _ ar3 405 store and display Frequency edit box 47 , power density edit box 49 , transmitted power edit box 51 , separation distance edit box 53 , transmitter aperture area edit boxes 55 , receiver aperture area edit boxes 59 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB® " uicontrol ” documentation ) during execution of function group WPA _ INIT 239 that each trigger function group WPA _ CALLBACK 243 when edited by the user . UIObjects bgroup _ at , radio _ at1 , and radio _ at2 407 store and display transmitter aperture area button group and radio buttons 57 generated from functions uibuttongroup and uicontrol ( see MATLAB® “ uibuttongroup ” and “ uicontrol ” documenta tion ) during execution of function group WPA _ INIT 239 that each trigger function group WPA _ CALLBACK 243 when edited by the user . UIObjects bgroup _ ar , radio _ arl , and radio _ ar2 407 store and display receiver aperture area button group and radio buttons 61 generated from functions uibuttongroup and uicontrol ( see MATLAB® " uibutton group ” and “ uicontrol ” documentation ) during execution of function group WPA _ INIT 239 that each trigger function group WPA _ CALLBACK 243 when edited by the user . UIObjects list _ data , menu _ indepvar , and menu _ depvar 411 store and display Data Point selection list 39 , independent variable selection drop - down menu 41 , and dependent vari able selection drop - down menu 43 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB® “ uicontrol ” documentation ) dur ing execution of function group WPA _ INIT 239 that triggers function group WPA _ CALLBACK 243 when edited by the user . UIObjects axes1 , axes2 , axes3 , axes4 , axes5 413 store and display Rectenna RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency graph 67 , Collection Efficiency graph 73 , Visual Represen tation of Apertures graph 77 , DC Power Output graph 89 , and Atmospheric Efficiency graph 81 generated from func tion axes ( see MATLAB® “ axes ” documentation ) during function group WPA _ INIT 239 and updated during function

group WPA _ UPDATE 247 . A UIObject button _ library 415 Open Library button 65 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB® " uicontrol " documentation ) during func tion group WPA _ INIT 239 that triggers function group WPA CALLBACK 243 when edited by user . A UIObject tablel 417 stores and displays Analysis Summary table 83 generated from function uitable ( see MATLAB® “ uitable ” documentation ) during function group WPA _ INIT 239 and updated during function group WPA _ UPDATE 247 . A UIObject text _ warn 419 stores and displays Boundary Warning Text 85 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB® " uicontrol ” documentation ) during function group WPA _ INIT 239 and updated during function group WPA _ UPDATE 247 . [ 0085 ] FIG . 11B shows an exemplary table of UIObject variables 420 to be used by the WPA Interactive User - Input Action and Experimental Data Storage Library GUI ( see e . g . FIG . 5 ) , used with the WPES MSAV software 13 . A UIOb ject checkbox _ brown 420A which stores and displays Brown Checkbox 101 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB® “ uicontrol ” documentation ) during execu tion of function library _ button 243F . A UIObject checkbox mcspadden 420B stores and displays McSpadden Checkbox 101 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB® " uicontrol " documentation during execution of function library _ button 243F that triggers subfunction checkbox _ mcspadden 243F2 when edited by the user . A UIObject checkbox _ koert 420C stores and displays Koert Checkbox 101 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB® " uicontrol " documentation ) during execution of function library _ button 243F that triggers subfunction checkbox _ koert 243F3 when edited by the user . A UIObject checkbox _ custom 420D that stores and displays User Measured Check box 105 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB® " uicontrol " documentation ) during execution of function library _ button 243F that triggers subfunction checkbox _ custom 243F4 when edited by the user . A UIObject table5 420E that stores and displays Experimental Data Table 99 generated from function uitable ( see MATLAB® “ uitable ” documentation ) during execution of function library _ button 243F . A UIObject table6 420F that stores and displays User Measured Data Table 106 generated from function uitable ( see MATLAB® “ uitable ” documentation ) during execution of function library _ button 243F that triggers subfunction table 243F1 when edited by the user . A UIObject menu _ library 420G that stores and displays input from Library drop - down menu 109 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB® “ uicontrol " documentation ) during execution of function library _ button 243F that triggers subfunction menu _ library 243F8 when edited by the user . A UIObject library _ name 420H that stores and displays Library Name edit box 111 generated from function uicontrol ( see MAT LAB® “ uicontrol ” documentation ) during execution of function library _ button 243F that triggers subfunction library _ name 243F6 when edited by the user . A UIObject checkbox _ lib _ f that stores and displays Track Measured Data Checkbox 117 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB® “ uicontrol ” documentation ) during execution of function library _ button 243F that triggers subfunction checkbox _ custom _ f 243F9 when edited by the user . [ 0086 ] FIG . 11C shows an exemplary table of UIObject variables to be used by the CPSA tool GUI 30 of the WPES MSAV software 13 and their relationship to the CPSA tool GUI 30 . A UIObject tab _ cpsa 421 stores and displays the

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018 11

Coplanar Stripline Analysis tab 195 generated from function uipanel ( see MATLAB® “ uipanel ” documentation ) during execution of function wireless _ power _ gui 237 . UIObjects panel _ input , panel _ output , panel _ analysis , panel _ geometry 423 store and display Input Variables panel 199 , Output Variables panel 217 , Analysis Summary panel 219 , and Coplanar Stripline Geometry panel 229 generated from function uipanel ( see MATLAB® “ uipanel ” documentation ) during execution of function CPSA INIT 242 . UIObjects panel _ parametric , panel _ er , panel _ s , panel _ w , panel _ h 425 store and display Parametric Analysis panel 201 , dielectric constant panel 209 , gap panel 211 , width panel 213 , and height panel 215 generated from function uipanel ( see MATLAB® “ uipanel " documentation ) during execution of function CPSA _ INIT 242 . Ulobjects edit _ er , edit _ s , edit _ w , and edit _ h 427 store and display Dielectric constant edit box 209 , gap edit box 211 , width edit box 213 , and height edit box 215 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB® " uicontrol ” documentation ) during execution of function CPSA _ INIT 242 that trigger function group CPSA _ CALL BACK 246D when edited by the user . UIObjects panel _ top , axes _ top , panel _ side , axes _ side , panel _ electro , and axes _ electro 429 store and display Top View panel and axes 231 , Side View panel and axes 233 , and Field View panel and axes 235 generated from function uipanel and axes ( see MATLAB® " uipanel ” and “ axes ” documentation ) during execution of function CPSA _ INIT 242 . UIObjects list _ data and menu _ indepvar 431 store and display the Data Point selection list 203 and the independent variable selection drop - down menu 205 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB® “ uicontrol ” documentation during execution of the function CPSA _ INIT 242 that triggers the function group CPSA _ CALLBACK 246 when edited by the user . UIObjects axes 1 and axes 2 433 store and display the Characteristic Impedance graph 223 and the Effective Per mittivity graph 227 generated from function axes ( see MAT LAB® “ axes ” documentation ) during execution of the func tion CPSA _ INIT 242 and updated during execution of the function CPSA UPDATE 250B , 250C . A Ulobject tablel 435 stores and displays the Analysis Summary table 219 generated from function uitable ( see MATLAB® “ uitable ” documentation ) during execution of the function CPSA _ INIT 242 and updated during execution of the function CPSA _ UPDATE 250A . [ 0087 ] FIG . 11D shows an exemplary table of UIObject variables to be used by the DA tool GUI 30 of the WPES MSAV software 13 and their relationship to the DA tool GUI 30 . A UIObject tab _ da 451 stores and displays the Diode Analysis tab 129 generated from function uipanel ( see MATLAB® “ uipanel ” documentation ) during execution of the function wireless _ power _ gui 237 . UIObjects panel _ input , panel _ output , and panel _ analysis 453 store and dis play the Input Variables panel 133 , the Output Variables panel 171 , and the Analysis Summary panel 183 generated from function uipanel ( see MATLAB® “ uipanel ” documen tation ) during execution of the function DA _ INIT 241 . Ulobjects panel _ parametric , panel _ f , panel _ diode , panel _ spice , panel _ rl , and panel _ dc 455 store and display the Parametric Analysis panel 135 , the frequency panel 145 , the diode inputs panel 147 , the SPICE parameters panel 149 , the load resistance panel 165 , and the duty cycle panel 167 generated from function uipanel ( see MATLAB® “ uipanel ” documentation ) during executing of the function DA _ INIT 241 . UIObjects edit _ f , edit _ rs , edit _ vbi , edit _ vbr , edit _ cjo ,

edit _ rl , and edit _ dc 457 stores and display the Frequency edit box 145 , the series resistance edit box 153 , the built - in barrier voltage edit box 155 , the reverse bias voltage edit box 157 , the zero - bias junction capacitance edit box 159 , the load resistance edit box 165 , and the duty cycle edit box 167 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB® " uicon trol " documentation ) during execution of the function DA _ INIT 241 that trigger the function group DA _ CALL BACK 245 when edited by the user . UIObjects menu library and edit _ library 459 store and display the Select Diode From Library drop - down menu 151 and the Diode Name edit box 161 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB® “ uicontrol " documentation ) during execution of the function DA INIT 241 that trigger the function group DA _ CALLBACK 245 when edited by the user . UIObjects list _ data _ diode and list _ data _ dutycycle 461 store and dis play Diode data Point selection list 139 and duty cycle data Point selection list 137 generated from function uicontrol ( see MATLAB® “ uicontrol " documentation ) during execu tion of the function DA _ INIT " that trigger the function group DA _ CALLBACK 245 when edited by the user . UIObjects axes , axes2 , axes3 , and axes4 463 store and display the Load Resistance vs Calculated Diode Impedance graph 175 , the Diode Voltage vs Calculated Diode Imped ance graph 179 , the Calculated RF - to - DC Conversion Effi ciency ( Continuous Wave ) graph 181 , and the Calculated RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency ( Variable Duty Cycle ) graph 193 generated from function axes ( see MATLAB® " axes " documentation during execution of the function DA _ INIT 241 and updated by the functions DA _ UPDATE 249B - E . UIObjects tablel , table2 , and table3 465 Diode SPICE parameters and max output DC power graph 185 , Electrical characteristics of diode graph 187 , and Power and Voltage graph 189 generated from function uitable ( see MATLAB® “ uitable ” documentation ) during execution of the function DA _ INIT 241 and updates by the functions DA _ UPDATE 249A , B , and D . [ 0088 ] . FIG . 12A shows an exemplary tables of equations used by functions in the WPA INIT 239 and WPA CALLL BACK 243 function groups in FIGS . 9A and 9C , and which use variables from FIG . 10A . Equation 501 calculates the user - specified dependent variable 43 as specified by the depend var flag 335 using the other Input Variables 305 ( power density p . Transmitter aperture area A , power transmitted P . , frequency f , separation distance d ) and the speed of light constant c during step 605A . Equation 503 sets the power density and conversion efficiency values 337 used in equations 504 and 505 during step 605B if check custfreq 327 is not selected ( top ) using frequency f 305 and the frequency , power density , and conversion efficiency of Brown 329 ; or if it is selected ( bottom ) using data from custom _ library _ data 325 . Equation 504 calculates the min / max feasible boundary for power density during step 605B using Pd scaled 337 from equation 503 , then checks to see if values for power density 305 is within the calculated bound aries during step 605C . Equation 505 uses the interpolate function ( see MATLAB® “ interp2 " documentation ) to inter polate the values of Pd 305 between the collection of points ( pd scaled n2 scaled ) 337 calculated in equation 503 , during step 605F . Equation 507 calculates a value tau t used in equation 509 along with the user - specified Input Variables 305 ( Transmitter aperture area Aç , Receiver aperture area A , , frequency f , separation distance d ) and the speed of light constant c during step 605F . Equation 509 calculates a

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018 12

collection efficiency ni 315 using the value tau t from equation 507 during step 605F . Equation 511 Calculates the output DC power 317 using power transmitted P , 305 , collection efficiency n . 315 , rectenna RF - to - DC conversion efficiency n2 315 , and atmospheric efficiency n3 315 during step 605F . Equation 513 calculates the minimum feasible separation distance dmin 311 between the transmitting antenna 1A and the receiving rectenna array 2 using Input Variables 305 ( frequency f , power transmitted P , Transmit - ter aperture area A . ) , the maximum feasible power density from WPES MSAV Experimental Rectenna Performance Data 12A , and the speed of light constant c during step 605F . [ 0089 ] FIG . 12B shows a table of exemplary equations used by functions in the CPSA _ INIT 242 and CPSA _ CALLLBACK 246 function groups of FIGS . 9B and 9D , and which use variables from FIG . 10B . Equation 515 calculates a value k for use in step 517 where S 343 is the gap distance between selected coplanar striplines 4B1 , 4B2 and W 343 is the width of selected coplanar striplines 4B1 , 4B2 . Equation 517 calculates a value k ' , using the value k from equation 515 , for use in equation 519 . Equation 519 calculates a value k? for use in step 521 where values a and b are defined in equation 515 and a value h 343 is the height of the substrate of the selected coplanar strips 4B1 , 4B2 . Equation 521 calculates a value k? ' , for use in equation 523 , using the value k , from equation 519 . Equation 523 calcu lates a value kjo , for use in equation 525 , using the values a and b from equation 515 and the value h 343 . Equation 525 calculates a value kio ' , for use in equation 527 , using the value k10 from step 523 . Equation 527 calculates a function

K ( k )

and variable Vx and user - input rl during step 635C and 635D . Equation 545 calculates Nonlinear Junction Capaci tance C , for use in equations 547 , 551 using Vx = V . 539 and variable rl during step 635B , and variable V , and user - input rl 369 during steps 635C and 635D . Equation 547 calculates Diode Input Impedance to be plotted during steps 635B , 635C , 635D . Equation 549 calculates a value A used during step 635D to calculate a Diode RF - to - DC conversion effi ciency na using equation 555 . Equation 551 calculates a value B used during step 635D to calculate a Diode RF - to DC conversion efficiency n , using equation 555 . Equation 553 calculates a value C used during step 635D to calculate a Diode RF - to - DC conversion efficiency ng using equation 555 . Equation 555 calculates the diode RF - to - DC conver sion efficiency using equations 549 - 554 during step 635D . Equation 556 calculates the input power for use in equation 557 using variable V , and user - input load resistance 369 during step 635D . Equation 557 calculates the power output from the selected diode using the results from equations 555 and 556 during step 635D . Equation 559 calculates the Voltage output from the selected diode using equations 557 and user - specified rl 369 during step 635D . [ 0091 ] FIG . 13 shows an exemplary , simplified block diagram of the steps followed by the WPES MSAV software 13 . At step 600 the wireless _ power _ gui function group 237 is executed . At step 601 the WPA _ INIT function group 239 is executed . At step 631 the DA _ INIT function group 241 is executed . At step 661 the CPSA _ INIT function group 242 is executed . More detailed views of steps 601 , 631 , and 661 are shown in FIGS . 14 , 15 , and 16 respectively . [ 0092 ] FIG . 14 shows an exemplary , simplified block diagram of the execution of the WPA tool GUI , starting with execution of the WPA _ INIT function group FIG . 9A . Step 601 calls WPA INIT 239 which generates an initial display of the WPES MSAV GUI 30 and loads the WPES MSAV Data Library e . g . , some or all of libraries 12A , 12B , and 12C . At step 602 , the WPES MSAV software 13 waits for user input , which will determine which step among steps 603 , 607 , 609 , 611 , 613 , 615 , and 617 will occur . When the user selects a data point from the Select Data Point drop down menu or list 39 , step 603 executes the function list _ data 243A which sets the current data point n 303 to the user - selected value . When the user selects a value from either the Independent Variable dropdown menu 41 or the Dependent Variable dropdown menu 43 , step 607 executes the function depbar 243B which sets the independent and dependent variable flags 335 to the user selected values . If the user activates the Open Library action button , step 609 executes the function library _ button 243F ( see FIG . 16 ) . When the user inputs a value into any of the input variable edit boxes ( e . g . Frequency 47 , Power Density 49 , Transmit ted Power 51 , Separation Distance 53 , Transmitter Aperture Area 55 , and Receiver Aperture Area 59 ) or selects any of the Aperture Shape radio buttons ( e . g . Transmitter Aperture Shape 57 or Receiver Aperture Shape 61 ) , step 611 executes the edit box functions 243D or radio button functions 243E which store the input in Input Variables 305 . If the user activates the Reset All action button 45 , step 613 executes the function reset 243C which clears the values of data point 303 , Input Variables 305 , and Output Variables 311 - 317 . After any of the steps 603 , 607 , 609 , 611 , or 613 is executed , step 605 executes the function group WPA _ UPDATE 247 , which populates the WPA tool GUI 30 ( e . g . FIG . 4 ) graphs and tables ( e . g . Collection Efficiency 73 , Rectenna RF - to

K ' ( K )

for use in equations 529 , 531 , 533 , and 535 , that uses one of the user - selected values k , k , , or kjo with each respective prime value k ' , k? ' , or kio ' corresponding to the chosen value . Equation 529 calculates the effective permittivity 347 of a selected coplanar strip using the formula from step 527 and the dielectric constant er 343 . Equation 531 calculates the characteristic impedance 345 of selected coplanar striplines 4B1 , 4B2 using the formula from equation 527 and the effective permittivity 347 of the selected coplanar striplines 4B1 , 4B2 . Equation 533 is an alternative formula that calculates effective permittivity 347 of a selected coplanar strips 4B1 , 4B2 using the formula from step 527 and the dielectric constant 343 . Equation 535 is an alternative for mula that calculates characteristic impedance 345 of the selected coplanar striplines 4B1 , 4B2 using the formula from equation 527 and the effective permittivity 529 of the selected coplanar striplines 4B1 , 4B2 . [ 0090 ) FIG . 12C shows an exemplary table of equations used by functions in the DA _ INIT and DA _ CALLLBACK function groups of FIGS . 9B and 9D , and which use vari ables from FIG . 10B . Equation 537 calculates the maximum DC power 373 using the reverse bias voltage ( vbr ) 369 and load resistance ( rl ) 369 during step 635C . Equation 539 calculates output self - bias DC voltage across the load during step 635A for use in equations 543 and 545 during step 635C . Equation 541 calculates angular frequency during step 635A for us in equations 547 . Equations 543 calculates Forward Bias Turn - On Angle for use in equations 547 , 549 - 553 using Vx = V , 539 and variable rl during step 635B ,

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018 13

DC Conversion Efficiency 67 , DC Power Output 89 , and Analysis Summary 83 ) . If the user activates the Export Data action button 87 , step 615 executes the function export 2436 which saves the Input Variables 305 and Output Variables 311 - 317 to the WPES MSAV Library 12C . If the user activates the Open Operating Instructions action button step 617 opens a PDF version of the Operating Instructions stored within the WPES MSAV Operating Manual data structure 15 . [ 0093 ] FIG . 15 shows an exemplary block diagram show ing detailed execution of the WPA _ UPDATE function group 247 . Step 605A uses equation 501 in function calculate _ dependent 247B to calculate the dependent variable 43 by using the independent variable 41 as indicated by the independ _ var _ flag 335 . Step 605B calculates min / max fea sible power density boundaries using function 247A and equation 504 . Step 605C executes function check _ bounds 247C which check if the boundary inequality 504 calculated in Step 605B is preserved . If the boundary condition is not preserved , at step 605D , the function check _ bounds 247C displays warning text in the Analysis Summary section 83 of the WPA toll GUI 30 and highlight data points n 301 with boundary violations . If the boundary inequality is preserved in step 605C or after the boundary condition warning text 85 has been displayed , step 605E executes function plot _ axes 1 247D which plots pd _ Brown vs Eta _ Brown 329 if check brown 327 is True , pd _ McSpadden vs Eta _ McSpadden 331 if checkmcspadden 327 is True , pd _ Koert vs Eta _ Koert 333 if checkkoert 327 is True , and pd _ scaled vs Eta _ scaled 337 in the Rectenna RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency graph 67 . Step 605E also executes function plot _ axes2 247E which plots the variable nul 315 vs the variable tau 313 on the Collection Efficiency graph 73 . Step 605F also executes the function plot _ axes3 247D which plots pd 305 for the current data point n 303 vs the variable nu2 315 on the Rectenna RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency graph 67 . Step 605F also executes the function plot _ axes3 247F which generates the Visual Representation of Apertures diagram 77 using at , ar , and d 305 . Step 605F also executes the function plot _ axes4 247G which plots the dependent variable 305 , as identified by the depend _ var _ flag 335 , vs the variable pdc 317 for each valid _ data _ point 319 , using the independent variable 305 as identified the independ _ var _ flag 335 , in the legend 66 . Step 605F also executes the function update 247A which popu lates the Analysis Summary table 83 with the Input Variables 305 and the Output Variables 315 , 317 for each valid _ data _ point 319 . [ 0094 ] FIG . 16 shows an exemplary block diagram show ing execution steps of the library _ button function group FIG . 9C . Upon user activation of the Open Library action button 65 , step 609A executes the function library _ button 243 which initializes and displays the Interactive User - Input Action and Experimental Data Storage Library GUI 96 and loads the Rectenna Performance Library 12A . At step 609B , the WPES MSAV software 13 waits for user input which will determine which step will be executed next . If the user activates the Clear Table action button 115 , step 609F executes the function clear _ table 243F5 which clears the variable custom _ library _ data 325 and the variable custom _ _ library _ name 323 . If the user selects data from the User Data dropdown menu 109 , step 609C executes the function menu _ library 243F8 which loads the selected user measured data from the Rectenna Performance Library 12A into the variables custom _ library _ data 325 and custom _ library name

323 and displays the data in the User Measured Data table 106 . If the user activates the Add to Library action button 113 , step 609D executes the function button _ library 243F7 which stores the custom _ library _ data 325 and custom _ library _ name 323 in the Rectenna Performance Library 12A using the data entered into the User Measured Data table 106 and the name entered into the User Data Name text box 111 . After any of step 609F , 609C , or 609D are executed , the WPES MSAV software 12 A returns to step 609B and waits for user input before executing any further steps . When the user inputs data into the User Measured Data table 106 , step 609E executes the function table 243F1 , which stores the user entered data into the variable custom _ libray _ data 325 , checkbox 243F2 - 4 , 243F9 which sets the user - entered val ues for checkboxes 327 , or the function library _ name 243F6 which stores the user - entered text as custom _ library name 323 , then executes the function group WPA _ UPDATE 247 ( see e . g . step 605 , FIG . 15 ) . If the user leaves the Interactive User - Input Action and Experimental Data Storage Library GUI 96 , step 609G exits the GUI 96 and returns to the WPA tool GUI 30 . [ 0095 ] FIG . 17 shows an exemplary block diagram show ing the execution steps of the DA _ INIT function group 241 . After step 601 finishes ( which generates the WPA tool tab 31 ) , step 631 calls the DA _ INIT function group 241 which generates an initial display the of the WPES MSAV GUI ' s 30 DA tool tab 129 and loads the one or more of the WPES MSAV Data Libraries 12A , 12B , and / or 12C . At step 632 the WPES MSAV software 13 waits for input from the user , which determines what step will be executed . When the user selects a value from the Diode Select Data Point list menu 139 , step 633 executes the function list _ data _ diode 245A which sets the current diode data point n _ diode 366 to the user selected value . If the user activates the Reset Diode action button 143 , step 637 executes the function reset _ diode 245B which clears the currently selected diode data point n _ diode 366 values for the Diode SPICE Parameters ( e . g . f , rs , vbi , vbr , cjo , rl ) 369 in the Diode Inputs section 147 . If the user selects a diode from the Select Diode from Library dropdown menu 151 , step 639 executes the function menu _ library 245E which loads the SPICE Parameters ( rs , vbi , vbr , and cjo ) 369 for the selected diode 151 from the WPES MSAV Library 12B . If the user inputs values into any of the edit boxes in the Input variables sections 145 , 147 , 167 , step 641 executes either one of the functions edit _ f , editrs , edit _ vbi edit _ vbr , edit cjo 245D or the function edit _ rl 245G ( the function executed corresponds to the edit box into which a value is entered ) which each store the input values into the one of the Input Variables ( f , rs , vbi , vbr , cjo , fl ) 369 . If the user activates the Reset Duty Cycle action button 141 , step 643 executes the function reset _ duty _ cycle 245C which clears the currently selected duty cycle data point n _ dutycycle 366 value of duty _ cycle 370 . If the user activates the Add Diode to Library action button 163 , step 644 executes the function button _ diode _ add 245F which saves the input Diode SPICE Parameters ( rs , vbi , vbr , cjo ) 369 and the user - enter diode _ name 375 ( from the custom diode name edit box 161 ) to the WPES MSAV Library 12B . If the user activates the Reset All action button 169 , step 647 executes the function reset _ all 245H which clears the cur rently - selected data points 366 , Input variables 369 , pdcmax 373 , and diode _ name 375 . After execution of any one of steps 633 , 637 , 639 , 641 , 643 , 644 , or 645 , step 635 executes the function group DA _ UPDATE 249 ( see FIG . 18 ) which

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018 14 .

populates and updates the DA tool GUI ' s 30 graphs and tables ( e . g . Load Resistance vs Calculated Diode Impedance 175 , Diode Voltage vs Calculated Diode Impedance 179 , Calculated RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency ( Continuous Wave ) 181 , Calculated RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency ( Variable Duty Cycle ) 193 , and Analysis Summary table 183 ) . If the user activates the Export Selected Diode action button 191 , step 646 executes the function diode _ export 2451 which saves the Input Variables 369 , 370 , and pdcmax 373 for the variable n _ diode 366 to the WPES MSAV Library 12C . If the user activates the Open Operating Instructions action button 131 , step 647 opens a PDF con taining the Operating Instructions for the WPES MSAV software 13 . After execution of step 635 , 646 , or 647 , the WPES MSAV software 13 returns to step 632 and awaits user input . [ 0096 ] FIG . 18 shows an exemplary block diagram show ing the execution steps of the DA _ UPDATE function group 249 . At step 635A , the function update 249 A calculates pdcmax 373 using equation 557 if the necessary Input Variables 369 ( f , rs , vbi , vbr , cjo , rl ) 369 are defined . The function update 249A then populates the Diode SPICE Parameters and Max Output DC Power table 185 using the Input Variables 369 , pdcmax 373 , and diode _ name 375 . At step 635B , the function plot _ axes1 249B plots diode input impedance 371 vs variable rl 369 in the Load Resistance vs Calculated Diode Impedance graph 175 if the required Input Variables 369 are defined and populates the Electrical Char acteristics of Diode table 187 sing the variable rl 369 and the variable Diode Input impedance 371 . If either the variable rl 369 or the variable Diode Input impedance are not defined , then step 635B is skipped . Step 635C executes the function plot _ axes2 249C which plots the diode input impedances 371 vs the user - defined rl 369 on the Load Resistance vs Calculated Diode Impedance graph 175 and displays the red line 173 as defined by rl 369 . If either the diode input impedance 371 or the user - defined rl 369 are not defined , step 635C is skipped . Step 635D executes function plot _ axes3 249D which plots the Input Power , as calculated using equation 556 , vs the conversion efficiency , as calculated using equation 555 , to populate the Calculated RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency ( Continuous Wave ) graph 181 and to populate the Power and Voltage table 189 using the values from variables output voltage from equation 559 and output power from equation 557 . If either the output voltage from equation 559 or the output power from equation 557 are not defined , then step 635D is skipped . At Step 635E : Run function 249E [ 0097 ] FIG . 19 shows an exemplary block diagram show ing the execution steps of the CPSA _ INIT function group 242 . Step 661 calls the CPSA _ INIT function group 242 which generates and displays the initial CPSA tool GUI 30 and loads one or more of the WPES MSAV Data Libraries 12A , 12B , and / or 12C . After the initial display is generated , at step 662 the WPES MSAV software 13 waits for the user input , which determines which step is executed next . When the user selects a data point from the Select Data Point list menu 203 , step 663 executes the function list _ data 246A which sets the current data point n 341 to the user - selected values and stores that value in the variable data _ point _ flag 349 . When the user selects an independent variable from the Independent variable dropdown menu 205 , step 667 executes the function indepvar 254B which sets stores the variable independ _ var _ flag 351 which designates the

respective independent variable 343 . When the user edits one of the Input Variables edit boxes ( Dielectric Constant 209 , Gap 211 , Width 213 , or Height 215 ) step 669 executes the edit box functions 256D which store the Input Variables 343 for the currently selected data point n 341 . If the user activates the Reset All action button 207 , step 671 executes the function reset 246C which clears the values stored in Input Variables 343 , data point n 341 , Output Variables 345 and 347 , and data _ point _ flag 349 . After execution of any of the steps 663 , 667 , 669 , or 671 , step 665 executes the function group CPSA _ UPDATE 250 which populates the CPSA tool GUI 30 graphs and tables ( e . g . Gap vs . Charac teristic Impedance 225 , Gap vs . Effective Permittivity 227 , and Analysis summary table 219 . If the user activates the Export Data action button 221 , step 673 executes the func tion export 246E which exports the values of Input Variables 343 and Output Variables 345 and 347 . If the user activates the Open Operating Instructions action button 197 , step 675 opens a PDF of the Operating Instructions . After the execu tion of step 665 , 673 , or 675 , the WPES MSAV software 13 returns to step 662 and awaits user input . [ 0098 ] FIG . 20 shows an exemplary block diagram show ing the execution steps of the CPSA _ UPDATE function group 250 . Step 665A executes the function update 250A which calculates the characteristic impedance 345 and effec tive permittivity 347 of the coplanar striplines 4B1 , 4B2 and populates the Analysis Summary table 219 using Input Variables 343 and Output Variables 345 , 347 for all data _ point flag 349 . Step 665B executes function plot _ axes1 250B which plots the independent variable 343 as indicated by the independ _ var _ flag 351 vs characteristic impedance 345 for all data points 341 stores in the variable data _ point _ flag 349 and displays the result in the Independent Variable vs . Characteristic Impedance graph 223 ( e . g . Gap vs . Char acteristic Impedance ) . Step 665C executes the function plot axes2 250C which plots the independent variable 343 as indicated by the independ _ var _ flag 351 vs effective permittivity 347 for all data points 341 listed in the data _ point _ flag 349 , and displays the result in the Independent Variable vs . Effective Permittivity graph 227 ( e . g . Gap vs . Effective Permittivity ) . [ 0099 ] FIG . 21A shows an exemplary block diagram that shows exemplary steps for using the WPA tool GUI . At step 801 , the user defines feasible mission parameters ( i . e . , distance , power density ) to , for example , wirelessly power a quadcopter ( e . g . Phantom 4 ) with a continuous charge , using a receiver aperture diameter of 0 . 5 m , a transmitter aperture diameter of 1 m , a frequency of 10 GHz , and no more than 1000 W of transmitted power . Step 803 executes WPES MSAV Software 13 ( e . g . see FIG . 3 ) and opens the Wireless Power Analysis tab 31 ( e . g . see FIG . 4 ) and the user chooses the independent variable from the independent variables dropdown list 41 ( e . g . frequency 47 , power density 49 , transmitted power 51 , separation distance 53 , transmitter aperture area 55 , receiver aperture area 59 ) and the depen dent variable from the dependent variables dropdown list 43 of variable ( e . g . frequency 47 , power density 49 , transmitted power 51 , separation distance 53 , transmitter aperture area 55 ) , then the user inputs values into the corresponding Input Variables text box 35 . At step 805 , the user inputs a value for the independent variable ( e . g . power density 49 ) in order to calculate the dependent variable ( e . g . separation distance 53 ) , calculate the amount of DC power coming out of the rectenna array and display the result in both the DC Power

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018 15

Output graph 89 and the Analysis Summary Table 83 . At step 807 the user selects the next data point from Data Point Selection List 39 and inputs a new value for the Independent Variable ( e . g . power density 49 ) to calculate the dependent variable ( e . g . , separation distance 53 ) and DC power again and display it in the DC Power Output graph 89 and the Analysis Summary Table 83 . 101001 FIG . 21B continues the exemplary block diagram of FIG . 21A . At Step 809 the user uses the DC Power Output graph 89 to evaluate if proposed design scenario ( stated independent and dependent variables from step 805 ) meets the requirement of , for example , 174 . 2 W DC power , where the power density is expected to be around 1 . 6 mW / cm² at a separation distance of 23 . 35 m . At Step 811 , the user activates the Export Data action button 87 , which exports the analysis summary table 83 for use in other applications ( e . g . Excel® ) to perform follow up design decisions such as , for example , to calculate horizon range . At Step 813 the user uses the export data from Step 811 to perform design analysis steps and design performance analysis , followed by additional configuration / component selection including diode analysis and selection ( e . g . , See FIG . 7 , FIGS . 25 and 26 ) and coplanar stripline configuration analysis ( e . g . , see FIG . 8 , FIGS . 23 and 24 ) as well as component selection to produce a wireless power transfer system design which is used in subsequent manufacturing steps including compo nent selection , system integration , and fabrication . 10101 ] FIG . 22 shows a visualization of the block diagram steps of FIGS . 21A and 21B , with exemplary GUI displays . At Step 803 the user opens WPES MSAV Software 13 and opens Wireless Power Analysis tabb 31 . The user designates and selects independent and dependent variables from vari able dropdown lists 41 , 43 respectively ( e . g . frequency 47 , power density 49 , transmitted power 51 , separation distance 53 , transmitter aperture area 55 , receiver aperture area 59 ) and enters known values from design question from Step 801 . At Step 805 the user enters candidate value for inde pendent variable ( e . g . power density 49 ) for evaluation to determine if resulting combination will meet Application Power Requirement for continuous operation and falling within upper and lower rectenna performance values of data stored in WPES MSAV Experimental Rectenna and Diode Performance Data Library data 12A and display Application Power Requirement for continuous operation 370 on DC Power Output graph 89 . At Step 807 the user selects a new data point from Data Point list 39 and enter another candi date value for Independent Variable ( e . g . power density 49 ) and display Application Power Requirement for continuous operation on DC Power Output graph 89 . At Step 809 the user can enter multiple independent variables ( e . g . power density 49 ) for multiple data points to be displayed in DC Power Output graph 89 . At Step 811 the user activates the Export Data button 87 which exports Analysis Summary data 83 in a format usable by other applications ( e . g . Excel® ) . [ 0102 ] FIG . 23 shows an exemplary block diagram that shows exemplary steps for using the CPSA tool GUI . At Step 815 the user determines design parameters , for example , determining how far apart ( e . g . gap 211 ) two conducting strips with a width 213 of 0 . 824 mm should be placed using a substrate ( e . g . ROGERS RT / duroid® 5880 ) with a relative permittivity ( i . e . dielectric constant ) 209 of 2 . 2 F / m and height 215 of 0 . 254 mm , so that the character - istic impedance 345 of the coplanar stripline is 175 ohms .

The user then uses this information to design a diode with matching impedance ( see step 827 ) . At Step 817 , the user executes the WPES MSAV Software 13 ( e . g . see FIG . 3 ) and opens the Coplanar Stripline Analysis tab 195 ( e . g . see FIG . 8 ) and chooses an independent variable ( e . g . dielectric constant 209 , gap 211 , width 213 , height 215 ) from the dropdown list 205 , then enter in corresponding Input Vari ables text boxes using the substrate material specification sheet to provide electrical characteristics ( e . g . relative per mittivity ( dielectric constant 209 ) ) , thickness ( height 215 ) , and width 213 of the substrate . At Step 819 the user enters a value for the independent variable ( e . g . gap 211 ) in order to calculate the characteristic impedance and effective per mittivity and display the results in the Gap vs . Characteristic Impedance graph 223 , Gap vs . Effective Permittivity graph 227 , and the Analysis Summary table 219 . At Step 821 , the user selects the next data point from Data Point Selection List 203 and fill in a new value for the Independent Variable ( e . g . gap 211 ) to calculate characteristic impedance and effective permittivity again and display in the Gap vs . Characteristic Impedance graph 223 , Gap vs . Effective Per mittivity graph 227 , and the Analysis Summary table 219 . At Step 823 the user uses the Gap vs . Characteristic Impedance graph 223 to evaluate if proposed design scenario ( stated independent variables ) meets the requirement of , for example , 175 ohms , the gap is expected to be around 0 . 4 mm . At Step 825 , the user activates the Export Data action button 221 , which exports the analysis summary data 219 for use in other applications ( e . g . Excel® ) for follow up design , development , and manufacturing steps . [ 0103 ] FIG . 24 shows a visualization of the block diagram steps of FIGS . 23 , with exemplary GUI displays . At Step 817 the user opens the WPES MSAV Software 13 and the Coplanar Stripline Analysis tab 195 . The user designates and selects the independent variable from the variable dropdown list 205 ( e . g . dielectric constant 209 , gap 211 , width 213 , height 215 ) and enters known values from design question from Step 815 . At Step 819 , the user enters candidate values for independent variable 199 and the results are displayed in the Gap vs Characteristic Impedance graph 223 , Gap vs Effective Permittivity graph 227 , and Analysis Summary results table 219 . At Step 821 the user selects a new data point from Data Point list 203 and enters another candidate value for the independent variable 199 and results are displayed in the Gap vs Characteristic Impedance graph 223 , Gap vs Effective Permittivity graph 227 , and Analysis Summary results table 219 . At Step 823 , the user can enter multiple independent variables ( e . g . gap 211 ) for multiple data points to be displayed in the Gap vs Characteristic Impedance graph 223 and the Gap vs Effective Permittivity graph 227 . [ 0104 ] FIG . 25 shows an exemplary block diagram that shows steps for using the DA tool GUI . At Step 827 the user determines a design question . For example , the user may want to analyze multiple diodes for conversion efficiency as a function of input power in order to choose the diode that can handle the greatest input power to use in physical design for the previous scenario while matching the impedance given in step 815 . At Step 829 the user executes the WPES MSAV Software 13 ( e . g . see FIG . 3 ) and open the Diode Analysis tab 129 . At Step 831 , the user retrieves diode SPICE parameters by examining specification sheets ( or load from library 12B using dropdown menu 151 ) , and enters these values , along with the frequency given in Step

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018

801 , into the corresponding Input Variables edit boxes ( e . g . frequency 145 , series resistance 153 , built - in barrier voltage 155 , reverse bias voltage 157 , zero - bias junction capacitance 159 ) in order to calculate Diode Impedance as a function of Load Resistance and display the result in both the Diode Impedance vs Load Resistance graph 173 and the Electrical Characteristics of Diode table 187 . At Step 833 , assuming the user uses a coplanar stripline design configuration , the user enters a value for load 165 such that the red line 175 crosses the solid black line ( left axis ) on graph 173 at the calculated characteristic impedance from the Analysis Sum mary table 219 and / or Characteristic Impedance graph 223 from Coplanar Stripline Analysis ( CPSA ) tab 195 to calcu late Max Output DC Power and RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency and display the results on Calculated Diode Impedance vs Diode Voltage graph 179 , Calculated RF - to DC Conversion Efficiency graph 181 , and Analysis Sum mary tables 183 . At Step 835 , the user selects the next data point from Data Point Selection List 139 and fill in new input variables to calculate Max Output DC Power and RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency again and display the results on Calculated Diode Impedance vs Diode Voltage graph 179 , Calculated RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency graph 181 , and Analysis Summary tables 183 . At Step 837 the user compares maximum feasible input power for the diodes and select the best diode . At Step 839 , the user activates the Export Data button 191 which exports the currently selected diode data for use in other applications ( e . g . Excel® ) which are then used in subsequent design analysis , design formulations , component selection , and manufacturing . [ 0105 ] FIG . 26 shows a visualization of the block diagram steps of FIGS . 33 , with exemplary GUI displays . At Step 829 , the user opens the WPES MSAV Software 13 and opens the Diode Analysis tab 129 . At Step 831 the user enters candidate values for input variables ( e . g . frequency 145 , series resistance 153 , etc . ) and display Calculated Diode Impedance on Calculated Diode Impedance vs Load Resis tance graph 173 . At Step 833 , the user enters candidate value for Load 165 and display input load resistance marker 175 , Calculated Diode Impedance vs Diode Voltage graph 179 , and Calculated RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency graph 181 . At Step 835 , the user can enter multiple diode data points to be displayed in Calculated RF - to - DC Conversion Efficiency graph 181 . [ 0106 ] Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to certain preferred embodiments , variations and modifications exist within the spirit and scope of the invention as described and defined in the following claims .

1 . A computer - implemented system to aid a user in designing , optimizing , and manufacturing a wireless power system for use in a specific user - defined operational envi ronment , comprising :

an input variable graphical user interface means adapted to enable graphical user interface selection of data point identifiers as well as selection of an independent and dependent variable from a plurality of variables com prising ;

an output variable graphical user interface generator means , said output variable graphical user interface generator means comprises a first , second and third graphical generator means that generates collection efficiency graphical analysis graph data , atmospheric efficiency graph data , and rectenna RF to DC conver

sion efficiency graph data associated with said at least one design scenario , wherein said output variable sec tion further comprises an analysis summary graphical user interface generation means that generates , for each data point identifier and its respective variable data , a summary of input variables , efficiency values compris ing rectenna , atmospheric , and collection percentage values associated with the wireless power system being simulated , and output DC power data .

2 . A computer - implemented wireless power energy sys tem ( WPES ) modeling , simulation , analysis and visualiza tion ( MSAV ) system configured to visually aid a user in designing , optimizing , and manufacturing a wireless power system for use in a specific user - defined operational envi ronment , comprising :

a non - transitory machine readable storage medium com prising a plurality of machine readable instructions , a first library and a second library , wherein said first library comprises previously measured and user input wireless power energy system ( WPES ) experimental rectenna performance library data comprising usable power output and a list of power conversion efficiency performance data by design and power density com prising a list of rectenna designs with measured rect enna performance data at specific frequencies compris ing a list of rectenna data with RF to DC power conversion efficiency as a function of power density of a directed energy beam for a specific rectenna element with an associated diode , wherein said a second library comprises diode SPICE performance parameters for each said diode ;

wherein said plurality of machine readable instructions comprises a wireless power and energy system model ing and simulation and analysis visualization machine instruction system comprising : a first plurality of machine readable machine instruc

tions that generates a Wireless Power Analysis ( WPA ) graphical user interface ( GUI ) , Coplanar Stripline Analysis ( CPSA ) GUI , and Diode Analysis ( DA ) GUI ;

wherein the WPA GUI generates visualizations com prising simulation , and visual correlation of WPES system variables , WPES constants , a plurality of efficiency graphs , an output variable analysis sum mary section , and visual WPES design limitation boundary condition warning flags , wherein the WPA GUI further comprises : an input variable section that enables user selection ,

input , and storage of sets of potential WPES system variables comprising WPES independent variable data , dependent variable data , and WPES constant data , wherein each said set is respectively associated with one of a plurality of graphically selected data point identifiers , each said sets com prising said WPES independent variable , WPES dependent variable and WPES constants having common WPES independent and dependent vari able identifier selections and common WPES con stant selections but different user input WPES independent variable data values associated with each said data point identifier ; and

an output variable section comprising GUI genera tion sections that generate said plurality of effi ciency graphs , said output variable analysis sum

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018

tifier associated with each said data key are com mon to each other , wherein the first section further comprises a plurality of WPS design or perfor mance parameter data input fields each associated with one of the plurality of WPS design or per formance parameters identifiers receive WPS design or performance parameter values for stor age as said plurality of WPS design or perfor mance parameter values , wherein said first section further comprises machine instructions that gen erate one of a plurality of colored borders around respective ones of said plurality of WPS design or performance parameter data input fields where each colored border is associated with one of said independent variable , dependent variable , and constants ;

mary section , and said visual design limitation boundary condition warning flags , wherein said plurality of efficiency graphs comprises WPES collection efficiency defined by percentage of an electromagnetic spectrum beam is absorbed by a selected rectenna array , atmospheric efficiency depicting how much energy is absorbed by speci fied atmospheric conditions , and WPES rectenna radio frequency ( RF ) to direct current ( DC ) con version efficiency ;

wherein the CPSA GUI displays selectable coplanar stripline ( CPS ) design configuration data comprising at least a balanced uniplanar transmission line formed by two metallic conductor strips separated by a certain gap width on a substrate for a rectenna design which is used by the DA GUI , where the DA GUI generates visualization graphs and analysis data for diode component and CPS design .


a machine readable storage medium comprising plurality of non - transitory wireless power system ( WPS ) design scenario selection , input , computation , simulation , and graphical user interface ( GUI ) generator machine read able instructions operable to operate at least one pro cessor , memory and display to generate a plurality of WPS GUIs on the at least one display enabling con current viewing and rapid switching of WPS design performance and said design scenarios with design parameter limitation tradeoff space and design limita tion warnings that increases design insights and reduces WPS design and production rework or errors , the WPS GUI generator comprising : a wireless power analysis ( WPA ) GUI wherein the first

that enables input of wireless power system ( WPS ) design or performance data comprising : a first section comprising a WPA design or perfor mance parameter selection and value input GUI section that enables input or selection of a plural ity of WPS data points and related WPS data for each said WPS data point into a non - transitory first relational database storage section comprising a plurality of WPS data points that serve as data keys , a plurality of WPS design or performance parameters identifiers , and a plurality of WPS design or performance parameter values data that are each associated with one of the plurality of WPS design or performance parameters identifiers and further are respectively associated with each said data key , wherein the WPA design or perfor mance parameter selection and value input GUI section enables designation of one of the plurality of WPS design or performance parameter identi fiers as an independent variable and selection of another one of said plurality of WPS design or performance parameter identifiers as a dependent variable , wherein remaining ones of said plurality of WPS design or performance parameters that are not selected as dependent or independent variables are used as constants in WPA computations and said first section ' s GUI generation , wherein each of said independent and dependent variable iden

a second section comprising a WPA analysis GUI generator section , the WPA GUI generator section generates a plurality of WPS efficiency graphs that generates the efficiency graphs based on the plu rality of said plurality of WPS design or perfor mance parameter values , a WPA analysis sum mary section , and a DC power output graph section , wherein the plurality efficiency graphs comprises wireless power system collection effi ciency , atmospheric efficiency determined based on percentage of attenuation of a propagating electromagnetic wave , and an electromagnetic ( EM ) field to direct current ( DC ) conversion graph , wherein the WPA analysis summary com prises , for each said data point , a listing of said plurality of WPS design or performance parameter values , an associated efficiency value drawn from each of the said efficiency graphs , and an output DC power value , wherein the WPA analysis sec tion further comprises a design warning visual indicator section that is generated when one or more of the said plurality of WPS design or performance parameter values fall outside bound ary conditions associated with at least a selected design constraint , wherein the DC power output graph section generates a graph of rectenna EM power axis to said dependent variable axis graph , wherein said second section further comprises a rectenna performance specification data library selection section that selectively opens a menu of rectenna performance data sets each associated with at one of a plurality of rectenna designs , said rectenna performance data sets each comprising EM to DC conversion percentages at different power density values , wherein selection of one more said rectenna performance data sets is used to generate said design warning visual indicator and render said EM to direct current ( DC ) effi ciency graph ;

a diode analysis ( DA ) GUI comprising an input variable section and an DA output variable sec tion , wherein the input section comprises data point identifier list and a diode specification or performance scenario data input section compris ing frequency , diode inputs , and duty cycle per centage , wherein the output section comprises a

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018

plurality of diode performance graphs , an analysis summary section , and an EM to DC conversion efficiency graph section ;

a rectenna power transfer configuration GUI section comprising a coplanar stripline ( CPS ) analysis GUI comprising an input section , an output sec tion , and an analysis summary section ; and

a library of diode specification parameters comprising a plurality of electrical characteristics of one or more diodes ;


at least one non - transitory computer readable storage medium storing : a plurality of machine readable data libraries compris

ing a first and second machine readable data library , wherein the first machine readable data library com prises at least one measured output power density data efficiency defined as a percentage of electro magnetic energy absorbed by a rectenna and con verted into direct current power by at least one diode , wherein the second machine readable data library comprises a power conversion efficiency percentage for each of said diodes as a function of input power to diode converted power output ;

a plurality of machine readable instructions that oper ates at least one processor comprising : a first plurality of machine readable instructions that

generates a first GUI on a display , the first GUI comprises a first user - input variable section , a first graph generation section , a second graph genera tion section , a third graph generation section , and a first analysis output section , wherein : the first user - input variable section further com

prises : a data point selection section that generates a data point selection user interface that enables user selection of one or more graphing data point identifiers which are used by the first user - input variable section and associated machine instructions as respective data keys for storing and retrieving independent , dependent and constant variable data value inputs and calculated for each graphing data point identi fier stored within a variable data relational database storage section stored within said at least one non - transitory computer readable stor age medium or another non - transitory computer readable storage medium corresponding to a wireless power system under test , wherein the data point selection section generates a first list menu with the graphing data point identifiers that a user can respectively select via the dis play ; a first independent variable identifier selection section that generates an independent variable identifier selection graphical user interface sec tion that enables the user to select an indepen dent variable identifier from an independent variable identifier dropdown menu displaying a list of selectable independent variable identifi ers that are associated with said dependent

variable values respectively associated with each graphing data point identifiers , wherein the list of selectable independent variable identifi ers comprise a frequency variable ( f ) , a power density variable ( pd ) , a transmitted power vari able ( P ) , a separation distance variable ( d ) , a transmitter aperture area variable ( A , ) , and a receiver aperture area variable ( A , ) ; a first dependent variable identifier selection section generates a dependent variable identifier selection graphical user interface section that enables the user to select a dependent variable identifier that will be associated with a com puted said dependent variable respectively associated with each said graphing data point identifiers and will be used to generate , said dependent variable identifier selection section enables the user to select one of said dependent variable identifiers from a dependent variable dropdown menu containing a list of selectable said dependent variable identifiers , wherein the list of selectable dependent variable identifiers comprises frequency , power density , transmit ted power , separation distance , and transmitter aperture area ; a first user - input variable section that generates a user - input variable graphical user interface section that that enables the user to input a first plurality of user - input design values for the wireless power system being tested into a plu rality of input fields corresponding to the wire less power system design variables , the first plurality of user - input design values comprising independent variable values and other variable values not selected as either independent or dependent variables in the first with listed in the independent or dependent variable identifier which are not designated as either independent or dependent variables in the independent and dependent variable identifier selection graphi cal user interface sections , wherein the user input design values comprises the frequency variable , the power density variable , the trans mitted power variable , the separation distance variable , the transmitter aperture area variable , and the receiver aperture area variable ;

the first graph generation section further com prises : a first graph section that generates and displays an invariant collection efficiency curve , the invariant collection efficiency curve generated comprising an algorithm based on a first for mula n1 = 1 - e - T wherein a variable r is calcu lated by the first graph section using a second formula

fVAA , T = ' cd

and a collection efficiency variable ni that represents col lection efficiency of the wireless power system being tested , and a first tracking dot displayed on the invariant collection efficiency curve indicating the collection efficiency of the

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018 19

wireless power system being tested for the value of t calculated using the second formula ;

a visual representation of separation distance section displaying separation distance , receiv ing aperture area , and transmitting aperture area as input by the user in the first user - input variable section , for the wireless power system being tested ;

the second graph generation section further com prises : a second graph section that generates and dis plays a conversion efficiency curve correspond ing with collection efficiencies stored in the first machine readable data library comprising an x - axis that displays the independent power den sity variable ( Pd ) and a y - axis that displays a plurality conversion efficiency variables ( n2 ) stored in the first machine readable data library ; a library graphical user interface action section which , when selected by the user , executes a second plurality of machine readable instruc tions which generates a second GUI compris ing :

a diode performance library data section dis playing a plurality of rectenna conversion effi ciency data for different rectenna and diode combinations ;

a plurality of graphical checkboxes associ ated with each rectenna and diode library data set that enables the user to toggle select or display of at least one of the plurality of rect enna conversion efficiency data on the conver sion efficiency curve displayed within the sec ond graph generation section ;

a user measured diode and rectenna conver sion efficiency data input section that receives user input measured conversion efficiency data for at least one other diode and rectenna system , stores the user input measured conversion effi ciency data within the first machine readable data library , and selectively displays the user input measured conversion efficiency data on the conversion efficiency curve displayed within the second graph generation section ; wherein the first plurality of machine instruc tions further generates a second tracking dot on the conversion efficiency curve displayed within the second graph generation section , the second tracking dot indicating the conversion efficiency of the wireless power system being tested at the power density ( Pa ) input by the user in the first user - input variable section ;

the third graph generation section comprises a third graph section showing a DC power output curve comprising an x - axis that displays the separation distance variable ( d ) as entered in the first user - input variable section for at least one of the data points selected by the user in the first data point selection section and a y - axis that displays a DC power output variable ( Poc ) , the DC power output variable calculated using a third formula , Poc = P , n . 9213 ;

the first analysis output section displays output comprising : a first table of analysis data containing both a first plurality of user - input design variables , a first plurality of efficiency data and a first output variable for each data point selected by the user , wherein the first plurality of user - input design variables comprise the frequency variable , the power density variable , the transmitted power variable , the separation distance variable , the transmitter aperture area variable , and the receiver aperture area variable , the first plurality of efficiency data comprises the collection effi ciency ( nu ) , the conversion efficiency ( 12 ) , and a total efficiency ( n ) calculated by the formula n = 100m , 12 and the first output variable com prises the DC power output variable ( Poc ) ; a first export action button which when selected by the user exports the first table of analysis data as a first set of non - transitory computer readable data for use by other computer sys tems ; a boundary flag warning section which displays a warning flag if the power density of the wireless power system being tested falls outside either an upper limit or a lower limit calculated using the equation min ( pd scaled ) spdsmax ( Pd , scaled ) ;

a third plurality of machine readable instructions which generate a third GUI on a display , the third GUI comprises a second user - input variable sec tion , a fourth graph generation section , a fifth graph generation section , a sixth graph generation section , and a second analysis output section relat ing to a diode being analyzed wherein : the second user - input variable section further

comprises : a second data point selection section that enables the user to select a data point value corresponding to one of a plurality of diodes for testing from a second list menu that will be displayed in at least one of the fourth , fifth , or sixth graph generation sections ; a frequency input section which contains an edit box allowing the user to input a custom value for a second frequency variable corresponding to the diode being analyzed ; a diode variable input section comprising :

a diode dropdown menu allowing the user to select the diode to be analyzed from a plurality of diode data stored on the second machine readable data library ;

a plurality of diode edit boxes which display a plurality of SPICE parameters of the diode selected from the diode dropdown menu and which allow the user to input custom values for the plurality of SPICE parameters and an action button which allows the user to save those values to the second machine readable data library , wherein the plurality of SPICE param eters comprises a series resistance variable ( R ) , a built - in voltage variable ( Vbi ) , a reverse - bias voltage variable ( V br ) , and a zero - bias junction capacitance variable ( C ; o ) ;

27

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018

a load edit box in which the user enters a value for a custom load resistance variable ( R7 ) ;

the fourth graph generation section comprises a fourth graph section displaying a first diode resistance curve , showing diode resistance as a function of load resistance , stored on the second plurality of machine readable library data , a first diode reactance curve , showing diode reactance as a function of load resistance , stored on the second plurality of machine readable library data , and a tracking line indicating the load resistance value entered by the user in the load edit box ;

the fifth graph generation section comprises a fifth graph section displaying a second diode resis tance curve showing diode resistance as a func tion of diode voltage and a second diode reac tance curve showing diode reactance as a function of diode voltage as calculated by the third plurality of machine readable instructions using a fourth equation ,

Zd = Don ARS

/ TT - Bon - sinoon ) + jwRSC ; S cosbon + sind on ) COSoon

section , the diode resistance as calculated by the third plurality of machine readable instructions and displayed in the fourth graph section , and the diode reactance as calculated by the third plurality of machine readable instruction and displayed in the fourth graph ; a fourth table of analysis data containing input power and conversion efficiency as calculated by the third plurality of machine readable instructions and displayed in the sixth graph ; a second export action button which when selected by the user exports the second , third , and fourth tables of analysis data as a second set of non - transitory computer readable data for use by other computer systems ;

a fourth plurality of machine readable instruction which generate a fourth GUI on a display , the fourth GUI comprises a third user - input variable section , a seventh graph generation section , an eight graph generation section , and a third analysis output section wherein : the third user - input variable section further com

prises : a third data point selection section that enables the user to select one of a plurality of coplanar stripline data point values from a third list menu that will be displayed in at least one of the seventh or eighth graph generation sections ; a second independent variable selection drop down menu allowing the user to select a second independent variable from a plurality of copla nar stripline variables , the plurality of coplanar stripline variables comprising a dielectric con stant variable ( en ) , a separation gap variable ( S ) , a width variable ( W ) , and a substrate height variable ( h ) ; a coplanar stripline variable section containing a plurality of coplanar stripline edit boxes in which the user enters custom values for the plurality of coplanar stripline variables com prising the dielectric constant variable ( ? , ) , the separation gap variable ( S ) , the width variable ( W ) , and the substrate height variable ( h ) ;

the seventh graph generation section displays a seventh graph section showing a plurality of characteristic impedance curves with an x - axis displaying the second independent variable as selected by the user in the second independent variable selection dropdown menu and a y - axis displaying a plurality of characteristic imped ances ( Zej , Z ) of the coplanar striplines being analyzed using a seventh equation ,

the sixth graph generation section comprises a sixth graph section displaying a plurality of curves displaying a conversion efficiency ( nd ) for the diode data points selected by the user in the second data point section as a function of input power calculated using a fifth equation ,

1 nd = A + B + C

where

A very 10 ( 1 + 2certom ) - Žiaroom B = Ro Rec Yer ( 1 tambandi c = ( randon – bow ) , and

tangon - Oon = ( 1 + Vbi )

the second analysis output section further com prises : a second table of analysis data containing the plurality of SPICE parameters for all the diodes selected from the diode dropdown menu and a max DC output power variable as calculated using a sixth equation , Pout = Pind , where

1201 K ( k ) Zc , 1 * To K ( ka )

and an eighth equation 1207 K ( ku )

V Eeff ^ ̂ { ki )

a third table of analysis data containing the load resistance value as entered by the user in the load edit box and displayed in the fourth graph

the eighth graph generation section displays an eighth graph section showing a plurality of

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018 21

effective impedance curves with an x - axis dis playing the second independent variable as selected by the user in the second independent variable selection dropdown menu and a y - axis displaying a plurality of effective permittivities ( Eeff , 1 , E87 , 2 ) of the coplanar stripline being analyzed using a ninth equation

a received power beam power density variable edit box ;

a total transmitted power variable edit box ; a transmitting antenna aperture and receiving

antenna aperture separation distance variable edit box ;

Er - 1 K ( k ' ) K ( ki ) Eeff , 1 = 1 + 2 2 K ( k ) K ( ki )

and a tenth equation

Eeff , 2 = 1 + Ey – 1 K ' ( k10 ) K ( ki ) * 2 K ( kio ) K ' ( ki )

the third analysis output section comprises : a fifth table of analysis data containing the plurality of custom coplanar stripline variable values for each of the plurality of coplanar stripline data points , the plurality of effective permittivities and the plurality of characteristic impedances as calculated using the ninth and tenth equations ; a third export action button which when trig gered by the user exports the fifth table of analysis table as a third set of non - transitory computer readable data for use by other com puter systems .


a non - transitory computer readable storage medium stor ing : a first machine readable data library containing previ

ously measured and user measured data pertaining to a plurality of different rectenna arrays ;

a second machine readable data library containing previously or user measured data pertaining to a plurality of different diodes ;

a third machine readable data library storing user - input data and at least some outputs from the computer implemented system ;

a first , a second , and a third plurality of machine readable instructions , which generate a wireless power analysis GUI , wherein : the first plurality of machine readable instructions

generates a first data point list menu allowing a user to select at least one of a plurality of data points corresponding to a plurality of wireless power system configurations , a first independent variable dropdown menu , a dependent variable dropdown menu , and a plurality of user - input wireless power system variable edit boxes which accept a plurality of user - input wireless power system variables , the plurality of user - input wire less power system variable edit boxes comprises :

a first transmitted power beam frequency variable edit box ;

a transmitter antenna aperture area variable edit box ; a receiver antenna aperture area variable edit box ; the second plurality of machine readable instructions

generates a first plurality of output graphs , the first plurality of output graphs comprises : a first output graph section containing a first

output graph displaying an invariant curve of collection efficiencies for the plurality of wire less power configurations stored in the first machine readable data library and a first track ing dot indicating a collection efficiency of the wireless power system being examined , and a visual representation of separation distance between a transmitting aperture antenna and a receiving aperture antenna for the wireless power system being examined ;

a second output graph section containing a second output graph displaying a plurality of receiving rectenna conversion efficiency curves corre sponding to a plurality of previously measured rectenna conversion efficiency data stored in the first machine readable data library , and an open library action button , wherein the open library action button triggers a third plurality of machine readable instructions when selected by the user , the fourth plurality of machine read able instructions generate a library selection GUI , the library selection GUI further com prises : a table containing the plurality of previously measured rectenna conversion efficiency data stored in the first machine readable data library ; a plurality of checkboxes allowing the user to choose whether or not to display at least one or more of the plurality of previously measured rectenna conversion efficiency data ; a user measured rectenna conversion efficiency data input section allowing the user to input a set of custom rectenna conversion efficiency data , to choose whether or not to display the set of custom rectenna conversion efficiency data , and to save the custom rectenna conversion efficiency data to the first machine readable data library ;

a third output graph section containing a third output graph displaying a DC power output curve consisting of a DC power output variable calculated based on the plurality of user - input wireless power system variables entered in the user - input wireless power system variable edit boxes , wherein each point on the DC power output curve represents one of the plurality of data points corresponding to the plurality of wireless power system configurations ;

the fourth plurality of machine readable instructions generates a first analysis summary section , the first analysis summary section comprises :

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018

a first analysis summary table displaying the plu rality of user - input wireless power system vari ables , the collection efficiency of each of the plurality of wireless power system configura tions examined , the conversion efficiency of each of the plurality of wireless power system configurations examined , the DC power output variable for each of the wireless power systems tested ;

an export data action button that exports the first analysis summary table in a form readable by other computer applications when selected by the user ;

a boundary warning section that displays a warn ing flag when the conversion efficiency of the wireless power system being examined falls outside an upper conversion efficiency limit or a lower conversion efficiency limit as stored on at least one of the plurality of previously mea sured rectenna conversion efficiency data stored on the first machine readable data library ;

a fifth , a sixth , and a seventh plurality of machine readable instructions , which generate a diode analy sis GUI , wherein : the fifth plurality of machine readable instructions

generates a second data point list menu allowing the user to select at least one of a plurality of diode data points corresponding to a plurality of differ ent diodes to be examined , and a plurality of user - input diode variable edit boxes , the plurality of user - input diode variable edit boxes comprises : a second transmitted power beam frequency vari

able edit box , allowing the user to enter a custom power beam frequency variable ;

a diode selection dropdown menu , allowing the user to load a plurality of diode SPICE param eters for a known diode as stored in the second machine readable data library ;

a plurality of SPICE parameter edit boxes , the plurality of SPICE parameter edit boxes com prises : a diode series resistance variable edit box ; a diode built - in barrier voltage variable edit box ; a diode reverse bias voltage variable edit box ; and a diode zero - bias junction capacitance vari able edit box ; wherein the SPICE parameter edit boxes allow the user to input a plurality of custom diode SPICE parameters for examination and saving ;

an add diode to library action button , allowing the user to save the plurality of custom diode SPICE parameters to the second machine read able data library ;

a diode load resistance variable edit box , allowing the user to enter a custom diode load resistance variable ;

the sixth plurality of machine readable instructions generates a second plurality of output graphs , the second plurality of output graphs comprises : a fourth output graph section containing a first

diode impedance graph which displays a range of potential diode load resistance variables , a first diode resistance curve showing a diode

resistance variable as a function of the custom diode load resistance variable , a first diode reactance curve showing a diode reactance vari able as a function of the custom diode load resistance variable , and a tracking line showing the diode load resistance variable entered by the user in the diode load resistance variable edit box ;

a fifth output graph section containing a second diode impedance graph which displays a range of potential diode voltage values , a second diode resistance curve showing the diode resis tance variable as a first function of the range of potential diode voltage values , and a second diode reactance curve showing the diode reac tance variable as a second function of the range of potential diode voltage values ;

a sixth output graph section containing a diode conversion efficiency graph which displays a range of potential input power values , and a plurality of curves corresponding to the conver sion efficiency of each of the plurality of dif ferent diodes being examined as selected by the user in the second data point list menu as functions of the range of potential input power values ;

the seventh plurality of machine readable instruc tions generates a second analysis summary sec tion , the second analysis summary section com prises : a plurality of diode analysis summary tables com

prises : a SPICE parameters table containing the plu rality of custom diode SPICE parameters for each of at least one of the plurality of diode data points , an electrical characteristics table con taining the diode reactance variable and the diode impedance variable for a plurality of load resistance values , and a power and voltage table containing the conversion efficiency of the plu rality of different diodes being examined for a plurality of input power values ; an export diode data action button that exports the plurality of diode analysis summary tables in a form readable by other computer applica tions when selected by the user ;

an eighth , a ninth , and a tenth plurality of machine readable instructions , which generate a coplanar stripline analysis GUI , wherein : the eighth plurality of machine readable instruc

tions generates a third data point list menu allowing the user to select at least one of a plurality of coplanar stripline data points cor responding to a plurality of different coplanar striplines to be examined , a second independent variable dropdown menu allowing the user to select an independent variable , and a plurality of user - input coplanar stripline variable edit boxes allowing the user to enter custom values for a plurality of coplanar stripline variables , the plurality of coplanar stripline variable edit boxes comprises :

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018 23

a coplanar stripline dielectric constant edit box allowing the user to input a custom value for a coplanar stripline dielectric constant variable ; a coplanar stripline separation gap edit box allowing the user to input a custom value for a coplanar stripline separation gap variable ; a coplanar stripline width edit box allowing the user to input a custom value for a stripline width variable ; a substrate height edit box allowing the user to input a custom value for a substrate height variable ;

wherein each of the plurality of coplanar stripline variables are contained and selectable in the second independent variable dropdown menu ;

the ninth plurality of machine readable instruc tions generates a third plurality of output graphs , the third plurality of output graphs comprises : a seventh output graph section containing a characteristic impedance graph which displays a plurality of characteristic impedance curves showing a characteristic impedance variable as a function of the independent variable selected by the user from the second independent vari able dropdown menu , wherein each curve cal culated using one of a plurality of well - known characteristic impedance functions ; an eighth output graph section containing an effective permittivity graph which displays a plurality of effective permittivity curves show ing an effective permittivity variable as a func tion of the independent variable selected by the user from the second independent variable dropdown menu , wherein each curve calculated using one of a plurality of well - known effective permittivity functions ;

the tenth plurality of machine readable instruc tions generates a third analysis summary sec tion , the third analysis summary section com prises : a coplanar stripline analysis table containing the plurality of coplanar stripline variables for each of the plurality of coplanar stripline data points as entered by the user in the plurality of copla nar stripline variable edit boxes , the effective permittivity variable as displayed in the effec tive permittivity graph , and the characteristic impedance variable as displayed in the charac teristic impedance graph ; an export coplanar stripline data action button that exports the coplanar stripline analysis sum mary table in a form readable by other computer applications when selected by the user .


a machine readable storage medium comprising a plural ity of machine readable instructions comprising : a first plurality of machine readable instructions means

for generating a wireless power graphical user inter face ( GUI ) comprising :

WPA _ INIT machine instructions that generates wireless power analysis UIObject Variables ;

DA _ INIT that generates the DA UIObject variables ; CPSA _ INIT that generates CPSA UIObject vari

ables ; WPA _ CALLBACK creates user interface sections

that accepts user input from WPA input variables edit boxes , WPA transmitter aperture radio but tons , receiver aperture radio buttons , parametric analysis lists , and WPA action button _ library that generates a GUI for wireless power library data selection ;

DA _ CALLBACK generates user interface sections that accepts user input from DA input variables edit boxes , DA library menu / edit box , and DA parametric analysis lists ;

CPSA _ CALLBACK generates CPSA user interface sections that accepts user input from CPSA input variables edit boxes , and CPSA parametric analy sis lists ;

WPA _ UPDATE calculates designated dependent variable data value and displays in a dependent variable input variables edit box , the WPA _ UP DATE then updates output variables graphs , analysis summary table , and warning text user interface sections ;

DA _ UPDATE generates user interface displays of values for DA output variables graphs and DA analysis summary tables ;

CPSA _ UPDATE displays values for CPSA output variables graphs and DA analysis summary table ;

a second plurality of machine readable instructions for performing wireless power analysis ( WPA ) system initialization comprising :

a parametric _ analysis section that generates parametric analysis lists comprising dependent and independent variable identifier drop down selection menus and data point list ;

a frequency variable input field box generator that displays a frequency variable input field and gener ates a first colored border surrounding the frequency variable input field with a default black color ;

a power _ density variable input field box generator that generates power density user interface panel com prising a second colored border and power density variable edit box within the power density user interface panel ;

a power _ transmitted variable input field box generator that generates a power transmitted user interface panel comprising a third colored border and power transmitted variable edit box within the power trans mitted input user interface panel ;

a distance input variable input field box generator that generates a distance user interface panel comprising a fourth colored border and a distance variable edit box within the distance user interface panel ;

a transmitter _ aperture _ area input field box generator that generates a transmitter aperture area user inter face panel comprising a fifth colored border and a transmitter aperture area selection interface within the transmitter aperture area user interface panel ;

a receiver _ aperture _ area input field box generator that generates a receiver aperture area user interface panel comprising a sixth colored border and a

US 2018 / 0342910 A1 Nov . 29 , 2018 24

receiver aperture area selection interface within the transmitter aperture area user interface panel ;

a graph axes generator that initializes a plurality of graph display user interface sections and generates an interactive user - input action and experimental rectenna data storage library GUI displaying stored rectenna performance data associated with a plural ity of rectenna designs , the rectenna performance data comprising power density , and RF to DC con version data for different rectennas ;

an analysis summary generator that generates an analy sis summary user interface section , a WPA analysis table within the analysis summary user interface section that comprises input variable data , efficiency data , and output DC power data , wherein the analysis summary generator further generates warning text based on power density values exceeding design parameters for a selected rectenna comprising

an antenna and diode combination in the rectenna data storage library ;

a means for performing diode analysis ( DA ) system initialization ;

a means for performing coplanar stripline analysis ( CPSA ) ;

a means for performing WPA callback ; a means for generating a WPA library selection GUI ; a means for performing DA system callback functions

comprising operating said wireless power GUI ele ments ;

a means for performing CPSA callback ; a means for performing a WPA update ; a means for performing a DA update ; a means for performing a CPSA update ; a WPA variables data structure generator and storage means ;

a CPSA analysis variables data structure generator and storage means ;

a means for performing a DA variables data structure generator and storage means ;

a user interface ( UI ) Object variables data structure gen erator and storage means ;

a means for an experimental data library UIObject vari ables data structure generator and storage ;

a CPSA UIObject variables data structure generator and storage means ; and

a DA UIObject variables data structure generator and storage means .

( 19 ) united states ( 12 ) patent application publication ( 10 ) pub … · 2019-04-05 · patent...

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