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rhpahd tpil kJiu (kh) Kjy; gUtj;Njh;T Mf-2018 1. (M) kJiu 2. (,) rpwg;Gj; njhopy; 3. (<) tpepNahfr; Nrit 4. (m) jdpahs; tzpfk; 5. (M) Fwpg;gpl;l $l;lhz;ik 6. (<) gq;Fjhuh;fs; 7. (M) Nrit 8. (,) jiyikafk; 9. (,) 51% 10.(M) $l;LwTr; rq;fk; VNjDk; 4 tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp 4X2=8 11. gd;dhl;L epWtdk; - ,yf;fzk; gd;dhl;L epWtdk; vd;gJ ,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;lehLfspy; tpahghuj;ij elj;JtjhFk;.iey;. H. N[ Nfhgp v.fh:(VNjDk; 2) ghl;lh> Nfhy;Nfl; ghkypt;> Nrhdp fhHg;gNurd;> R#fp> ilnkf;]; thlr;> ikf;Nuhkf;]; ,d;gHNklbf;]>; `PNuh Nkhl;lhh;]; fhh;g;gNurd;> g[h[>; gpupl;;lhdpah> btpv];> lhl;lh> ,dNghrp]; 12. nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs;: ,yhgk; <l;Ltjw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; midj;J eltbf;iffSk; nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs; MFk;. v.fh:(VNjDk; 2) 1. jahupg;ghsHfshy; nghUl;fs; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLtJ 2. tpahghupfshy; nghUl;fs; tpepNahfk; nra;ag;gLtJ 3. rpy;yiw tpahghupfshy; nghUl;fs; tpw;gid nra;ag;gLtJ 4. kUj;JtHfshy; toq;fg;gLk; kUj;Jt MNyhridfs; 5. gl;laf; fzf;fhsHfshy; toq;Fk; fzf;fpay; Nritfs; 13.,uhf;Nly; Kd;Ndhbfs;: Kjypy; $l;LwT ,af;fk; 1844 Mk; Mz;L uhgHl;Xtd; vd;gtuhy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ . ,q;fpyhe;jpy; 28 nerthsH cWg;gpdHfisf; nfhz;l EfHNthH $l;LwT rKjhaj;ij cUthf;fp “uhf;Nly; rkkhd Kd;Ndhbfspd; nrhirl;b" vd;W mtH mioj;jhH. 14. jdp tzpfhpd; tho;T jdpahs; tzpfj;jpw;F ePbj;j tho;T fpilahJ jdpahs; tzpf cupikahsupd; ,wg;G my;yJ tpahghuk; nra;Ak; jpwid ,oj;jy; Nghd;witfis nghWj;jhFk;. ,itNa mtUila tzpfj;ij xU KbTf;Ff; nfhz;L tuyhk;. 15.cioah $l;lhsp: ,j;jifa $l;lhsp %yjdj;ij toq;FtNjhL epWtdj;jpd; ,yhg el;lj;jpy; kl;LNk gq;Nfw;W tpahghuj;jpd; Nkyhz;ikapy; gq;Nfw;fhky; ,Ug;gH. ntspahl;fSf;F mtH $l;lhsp Nghd;W Njhd;whkYk; $l;lhspfspd; tiuawhg; nghWg;gpw;F mtUk; xU gq;Nfw;ghsuhFk;. 16. rl;lKiw epWkq;fs; ehlhSkd;wj;jpd; my;yJ khepyr; rl;lkd;wq;fspy; ,aw;wg;gLk; rl;lq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; cUthf;fg;gLk; epWkq;fs; rl;lKiw epWkq;fs; vdf; $wg;gLfpd;wd. cjhuzkhf ,e;jpa czTf; fofk;> MAs;fhg;gPl;Lf; fofk;> nghJf;fhg;gPl;L epWtdk;> ,e;jpa uprHt;tq;fp> ghuj ];Nll;tq;fp> uapy;Ntj;Jiw> kpd;rhuf; fofk;>

rl;lg+Ht epWtdq;fs; Nghd;w jd;dhl;rp epWtdq;fs; VNjDk; 4 tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp : 4X3=12

17.tiuawhg; nghWg;G: jdpahs; tzpfupd; nghWg;G tiuaWf;fg;glhjJ. mjd; tpisthf mtuJ tpahghuf; fld;fisr; nrYj;jj; njhopypd; nrhj;Jfs; NghJkhdjhf ,y;iynad;why; jd; nrhe;jr; nrhj;JfspypUe;Jk; fldPe;NjhUf;Fr; nrYj;jNtz;Lk;. vdNt mtupd; nghWg;G KjyPl;L njhifAld; epd;W tplhky;> jd; nrhe;jr; nrhj;jpw;Fk; <lhfpwJ. ,jidNa tiuawhg; nghWg;G vd;fpNwhk;. 18. ghz;bah;fs; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; nghUl;fs; tpw;Fkplk;: 1.mq;fhb: gy nghUs;fs; tpw;Fkplk; mq;fhb vd miof;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 2.ehsq;fhb: gfypy; tpahghuk; elg;gij ehsq;fhb vdTk; miog;gh; 3.my;yq;fhb: ,utpy; tpahghuk; elg;gij my;yq;fhb vdTk; miog;gh; 19. tzpfj;jpd; cWJizfs; VNjDk; 2: i. tpahghuk; tzpfk; vd;w nrhy; thq;Fjy; kw;Wk; tpw;wy; nray;fis cs;slf;fpajhFk;. NkYk; ,r;nrhy; cw;gj;jp nra;agl;l nghUl;fis ,Wjp epiy Efh;NthUf;F nfhz;L Nrh;f;Fk; nraiyAk; cs;slf;FfpwJ. ii. Nghf;Ftuj;J cw;gj;jp nra;j nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;j gFjpapNyNa midj;JAk; tpw;gJ mupJ. mtw;iw ehl;bd; my;yJ cyfpd; gy;NtW gFjpfspy; trpf;Fk; Efh;NthHfSf;F nrd;W Nrh;f;f Ntz;ba gzpia Nghf;Ftuj;J nra;fpwJ. iii. tq;fpapay; tq;fpfspd; cjtpapd;wp ve;j njhopy; mikg;Gk; ,aq;f Kbahj mstpw;F tq;fpr; Nrit kfj;Jtk; ngw;W tpsq;FfpwJ. tq;fpfs; njhopy; mikg;Gfsplk; cs;s gzj;ij itg;Gfshf ngWtJld; njhopy; mikg;Gfl;F Njitg;gLk; epjpia gy;NtW fld; jpl;lq;fs; %yk; fpilf;f tif nra;fpwJ. iv. fhg;gPL tpahghuk; elj;JtJ vd;gJ KOf;f KOf;f ,lh;ghL nrwpe;j nrayhFk;. tpahghu epWkq;fs; ,lh; vd;w flypy; vg;NghJk; ePe;jpr; nry;Yk; fg;gy;fs; MFk;. v. gz;lff; fhg;G rhjhuzkhf> nghUl;fs; ahTk; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l clNd tpw;fg;gLtjpy;iy kw;Wk; Efug;gLtJkpy;iy. nghUl;fs; Njitg;gLk; Neuj;jpy; mit fpilg;gjw;F Vw;wthW ,Ug;G itj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;baJ mtrpakhfpwJ. 20. njhopy; eltbf;iffspd; tiffs; 1. njhopy; msT mbg;gilapy; m. rpw;wsT njhopy;fs; M. NgusT njhopy;fs; 2. cupik mbg;gilapy; m. jdpahH epWtdq;fs; M. nghJ epWtdq;fs; ,. ,iz epWtdq;fs; 3. gzpfs; mbg;gilapy; m. cw;gj;jpj; njhopy; M. tzpfk;

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21. ,e;J $l;Lf;FLk;g tpahghuj;jpd; gz;Gfs; (VNjDk; 3) i. ,e;Jr; rl;lj;jpd; gb fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy; ,e;J $l;Lf; FLk;g tpahghuk; ,e;J rl;lj;jpd;gb fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;L Nkyhz;ik nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,e;Jr; rl;lj;jpd; ,uz;L gpupTfs;: (i) jahghfh kw;Wk; (ii) kpl;lhf;ruh ii. Nkyhz;ik ,e;J $l;Lf; FLk;g tpahghuj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ kw;Wk; Nkyhz;ik nra;tJ “fHj;jh" my;yJ “NkyhsH" vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwhH. mf; FLk;gj;jpy; fHj;jhNt %j;j Mz; eguhthH. mf; FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s midtUk; fHj;jhtpd; Nky; KO ek;gpf;if cs;stHfs;. fHj;jhNt ntspahl;fSld; cld;gbf;if nra;a cupik ngw;wtH. Mdhy; fHj;jhtpd; mDkjp ngw;Nw FLk;g cWg;gpdHfs; ntspahl;fSld; cld;gbf;if nra;ayhk;. iii. gpwg;ghy; cWg;gpdH: ,f;FLk;gj;jpy; cWg;gpduhf Ntz;Lk; vd;why; mf;FLk;gj;jpy; xUtuhf gpwf;f Ntz;Lk;. mf;FLk;gj;jpy; gpwf;Fk; Mz; Foe;ijNa FLk;g cWg;gpduhf KbAk;. iv. nghWg;G: fHj;jhitj; jtpu kw;w FLk;g cWg;gpdHfspd; nghWg;G vd;gJ tpahghuj;jpy; mtUf;Fs;s gq;fpd; msTf;F tiuaWf;fg;gl;lJ. fHj;jh kl;LNk mt;tpahghuj;jpy; nghWg;ghsuhf Mf;f ,ayhJ. vdpDk; fldPe;NjhUf;F fHj;jhtpd; jdpr;nrhj;ij ifg;gw;w cupikAz;L. v. ePbj;j tho;T FLk;g cWg;gpdupd; kuzk;> nehbg;G epiy> kdr; rkepiy> ,og;G Mfpait tpahghuj;ij ghjpf;fhJ. mt;tpahghuk; njhlHe;J kw;w FLk;g cWg;gpdHfshy; eilngWk;. vi. fHj;jhtpd; cl;fpil mjpfhuk; tpahghuj;jpd; eydpw;fhf xg;ge;jj;jpy; <Lgly; kw;Wk; tpahghu fhuzq;fSf;fhf tpahghu nrhj;Jf;fis mlkhdk; itj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iw nra;Ak; cl;fpilahd mjpfhuk; fHj;jhtpw;F kl;LNk cz;L. vii. ,stH $l;lhsp $l;lhz;ikapy; $l;lhz;ikapd; eydpw;fhfTk;> ,stupd; eydpw;fhfTk; kl;LNk $l;lhspahf KbAk;. Mdhy; ,e;J $Lf;FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;j Foe;ijAk; xU $l;lhsp Mfyhk;. viii. fiyg;G: ,e;J $l;Lf; FLk;gj;jpy; cWg;gpdHfs; midtupd; tpUg;gj;jpd; Ngupy; tpahghuj;ij fiyf;fyhk;. ve;j xU jdp cWg;gpdUk; $l;lhz;ikia fiyf;f ,ayhJ. 22. jahhpg;ghsh;fs; $l;LwTr; rq;fk;: cw;gj;jpahsH $l;LwT rq;fq;fis cw;gj;jpahsHfshy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;L elj;jg;gLfpwJ. cw;gj;jpahsHfs; midtUk; xU ika ,lj;jpw;F te;J cw;gj;jp eltbf;iffspy; <Lglyhk; my;yJ mtutH ,Ug;gplj;jpy; cw;gj;jp nra;J KbTw;w nghUis rq;fj;jplk; xg;gilf;fyhk;. ,t;tif cw;gj;jp rq;fq;fs; nryit Fiwj;J cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l nghUis

ikakhf jpul;b xl;L nkhj;jkhf re;ij ,Lfpd;wd. $l;LwT nerthsHfs;rq;fk;> $l;LwT jPg;ngl;b jahupg;ghsH rq;fk;> jr;R njhopyhsH $l;LwT rq;fk; Nghd;w rq;fq;fs; $l;LwT cw;gj;jpahsH rq;fj;jpw;F cjhuzkhf tpsq;Ffpd;wd. midj;J Nfs;tpfSf;Fk; tpilasp: 3X5=15

23.m tzpfj;jpd; jilfs; 1. Ms;rhH jil nghUs;fs; Njitg;gLk; egHfisAk; epahakhd tpiyapy; thq;f tpUk;GgtHfisAk; njhlHG nfhs;s Kbahj epiy cs;sJ. cw;gj;jpahsUk; EfHNthUk; xUtUf;nfhUtH mwpKfk; nra;J nfhs;Sk; re;jHg;gk; Vw;gl tha;g;Ng fpilahJ. ,f;FiwghNl Ms;rhH jil vdg;gLk;. cw;gj;jpapd; msT mjpfupf;f EfHNthiu ehbr; nry;y Ntz;bAs;sJ. tzpfj;jpd; Kf;fpa mq;fkhfj; jpfOk; tpahghuk; ,f;Fiwghl;il ePf;f cjTfpwJ. 2. ,lj; jil nghUl;fs; xU ,lj;jpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;L ehL KOtJk; kw;Wk; cyfk; KOtJk; cs;s EfHNthHfSf;F tpw;gid nra;ag;gLfpwJ. uapy;> tpkhdk;> fly; kw;Wk; epy Nghf;Ftuj;J Nghd;wit EfHNthHfSf;F nghUl;fis nfhz;L nry;yKf;fpa Nghf;Ftuj;jhf ,Uf;fpwJ. 3.fhyj; jil EfHTj; Njitg;gLk; nghOJk; thq;ftpUk;Gk; nghOJk; nghUl;fs; fpilf;f Ntz;Lk;. Njitiaf; fzf;fpy; nfhz;L NgusT cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLtJk; EfHNthuplk; tpw;fj; jahH epiyapy; itj;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;. xU Fwpg;gpl;lfhyj;jpy; kl;Lk; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; nghUl;fs;Mz;L KOtJk; Njit Vw;gLk;. vdNt nghUl;fisg; gz;lff; fhg;gfq;fspy; Nrfupj;Jf; itj;Jf; nfhs;tjd; %yk; Efh; nghUs; njhlHe;J fpilf;ftop Vw;gLk;. 4. ,lH kw;Wk; nghUl;fs; juk; nflhky; ,Uf;fj; jil: nghUl;fs;Kiwahdrpg;gk; fl;Ljy; kw;Wk; etPdFspHrhjdtrjp nfhz;l gz;lfrhiyfs; Mfpatw;why; nghUl;fspd; juk; Fiwahky; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ. nghUl;fs; g+r;rpfs;> vypfs;> Mtpahjy; Nghd;witfSf;F vjpuhf ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;wd. 5. ,lHghl;Lj; jil Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fl;Lkk; cs;spl;litfs; %yk; ruf;Ffs; nfhz;L nrd;whYk;> Ml;fshYk;> ,aw;ifahYk; Vw;glf;$ba el;lq;fisj; jtpHf;fKbtjpy;iy> ,e;el;lj;ij<Lfl;lf; fhg;gPL nra;ag;gLfpwJ. jPf;fhg;gPL> fly;rhH fhg;gPL kw;Wk; nghJf;fhg;gPL Mfpatw;wpd; topahf el;lj;ijg; rupf;fl;lKbAk;. 6. mwpTrhH jil re;ij epytuq;fisg; gw;wpj; njupe;J nfhs;s Kbahjjhy; EfHNthH jukhd nghUl;fis epahakhd tpiyapy; thq;f ,ayhky; Ngha; tplf;$Lk;. ,j;jilf;F mwpTrhH jil vd;fpNwhk;. ey;y tpsk;guk; kw;Wk; tpw;gidahsH Nritfs; %yk; mj;jilia ePf;fyhk;.



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7. gz;lg; gupkhw;wj; jil gzk; gz;lg; gupkhw;wj;jpy; Kf;fpa gq;F tFf;fpwJ. nghUl;fSf;F cz;lhd rupahd tpiyia nrYj;Jtjd; %yk; ve;jnthU jahupg;G my;yJ NritiaAk; thq;Fjy; kw;Wk; tpw;gJ Mfpatw;iw nray;gLj;JfpwJ. 8. epjpj; jil cw;gj;jpahsHfSk; tHj;jfHfSk; mtrpakhd Neuj;jpy; Njitahd epjp fpilg;gjpy;iy. tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; gpw epjp epWtdq;fs; epjpia tzpf uPjpahf nray;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; gupkhwpf;nfhs;tjw;Fk; epjp cjTfpwJ. 9.nghUl;fisj; Jy;ypakhf jahupg;gjpy; jil: Muha;r;rpfspd; %yk; EfHNthupd; Njitia mwpe;J mtHfSf;F jukhd nghUl;fis toq;f KbfpwJ. 10.nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;w ,lj;jpypUe;J EfHNthUf;F Neub tPl;bw;F nfhz;L nry;Yjy; kpd;dZ tzpfk; %yk; nghUl;fis tPl;bypUe;Nj thq;fy; Miz gpwg;gpf;fyhk;. nghUl;fis ngw;Wf;nfhz;l gpd; mjw;Fz;lhd njhifapid nrYj;jyhk;. 23.M. gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fspd; ed;ikfs;: 1. Fiwe;jgl;rf; $yp: gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fs; Fiwe;jgl;rf; $yp toq;Fk; ehLfspy; jdJ epWtdq;fis mikg;gjhy; Fiwe;j nrytpy; nghUl;fisAk; NritfisAk; toq;f KbfpwJ. mlf;f tpiyapy; ed;ikfisg; ngWtjhy; jukhd nghUl;fisAk; NritfisAk; Fiwe;j nrytpy; fpilf;f tifr; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. rpwpa epWtdq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l tl;lhu mstpy; kl;LNknray;gl;L tUtjhy; mtHfshy; rpf;fdkhfg; nghUl;fis toq;f Kbjpy;iy. 2. jukhd nghUl;fs;: gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fspd; tsq;fs;> trjpfs;> mDgtk;> rpwg;gwpT Mfpatw;Wld; ,e;epWtdq;fs; Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; tsHr;rp jpl;lq;fSf;fhfr; jhuhskhf nrytpl;Lj; jukhd nghUl;fisAk; NritfisAk; Fiwe;jnrytpy; cw;gj;jp nra;a KbfpwJ. 3. gad;gLj;jg;glhj tsq;fis Kiwahfg; gad;gLj;Jjy; : jdJ rpwg;Gj; njhopy; El;gmwpitg; gad;gLj;jpg; gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fs; gad;gLj;jhky; ,Uf;f kdpj tsq;fisAk; kw;Wk; gadw;w nrhj;JfisAk; KOikahfg; gad;gLj;Jtjdhy; ehl;bd; Njrpa tUkhdk; ngUksT caHfpwJ. 4. ehl;bd; nrythzp nrYj;Jepiy tsHr;rp: gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fs; Vw;Wkjpia mjpfg;gLj;jp tsHr;rpf;F tpj;jpLfpd;wd. ,jdhy; ehl;bd; nrYj;J epiyia gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. 5. njhopy; El;g tsHr;rp: gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fs; %yk; njhopy; El;g tsHr;rpia xU ehl;bypUe;J NtW xU ehl;bw;F khw;Wtjd; %yk; tsUk; ehLfspy; njhopy; El;g tsHr;rpapd; gyid czu itf;fpd;wdH. 6. Nkyhz;ik tsHr;rp: epWtdq;fs; Nkyhz;ikj; jpwikiag; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd. Nkyhz;ikj; jpwikiaf; fUj;jhfTk;

nrayhfTk; Mf;Ffpd;wd. ,e;epWtdq;fs; ehl;bd; Nkyhz;ik Kd;Ndw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. 7. rHthjPdj;iff; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wd: gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fs; ehl;by; Nghl;biaj; J}z;Lfpd;wd. cs;SH rHthjPdj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;jpg; nghUl;fisr; rpwg;ghf tbtikj;J tpiy Fiwg;gpw;Fk;> Fiwthd tpiyapy; nghUis toq;fTk; top tFf;fpd;wd. ,jdhy; cs;SH epWtdq;fs; jdJ nghUl;fisj; jpwikahfTk;> jukhfTk; jahupf;f ce;jg;gLfpwhHfs;. mNdf ,e;jpa epWtdq;fs; ISO - 9000 jur;rhd;wpjiog; ngw;wjdhy; gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fSf;F <lhfg; Nghl;bapl;L tUfpd;wd. 8. tho;f;ifj; juk; caHfpd;wJ : gd;dhl;L epWkq;fs; jukhd nghUl;fisj; jahupj;J toq;Ftjhy; kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juk; caHfpwJ. 9.rHtNjr rNfhjuj;Jtj;ijAk; fyhr;rhuj;ijAk; fhf;fpwJ : cyfg; nghUshjhuj;ij xUq;fpizj;J nray;gl ,e;epWtdq;fs; cjTfpwJ. gd;dhl;L ey;YwitAk; fyhr;rhuj;ijAk; Ngzpfhg;gjhy; cynfq;Fk; mikjpAk; rNfhjuj;JtKk; nrOikAk; epyt toptFf;fpwJ. 24.m. njhopy; rpwg;Gj;

njhopy; Ntiytha;g;G

1.cUthf;Fk; Kiw Njhw;Wtpg;ghsHfspd; KbTfs;> gjpT kw;Wk; gpw eilKiwfs; midj;Jk; rl;lj;jpw;Fl;gl;lJ.

rpwg;Gj; njhopy; mikg;ig cUthf;Fjy;> cWg;gpdH rhd;W ngWjy;.

Nritf;fhd xg;ge;jk; mikg;gJ> epakd fbjk;.

2. gzpapd; jd;ik ruf;F kw;Wk; Nritia nghJ kf;fSf;F mspj;jy;.

rpwg;Gj; NjHr;rp ngw;w Nritia toq;Fjy;.

gzpahsHfSf;F toq;fpa nraiy nra;jy;.

3. jFjp Fiwe;jgl;r jFjp vd;W VJkpy;iy.

Fwpg;gpl;lgpuptpy; rpwg;G jFjpAk; / gapw;rpAk; ngWjy;.

Fiwe;jgl;r jFjp Njitapy;iy.

4. mbg;gil Nehf;fk; rKjhaj;jpd; Njitia g+Hj;jp nra;J ,yhgk; <l;Ljy;.

NritGupjy; KjyhspfSf;F nraiy nra;J Kbg;gJld; $yp / rk;gsk; ngWjy;

5. %yjdk; epWtdj;jpd; msitg; nghWj;J %yjdmsT khWk;.

,ij cUthf;f tiuaWf;fg;gl;l epjp Njitg;gLk;.

%yjdk; VJk; Njitapy;iy.

6. ntFkjp ,yhgk;

njhopy; Kiw fl;lzk;

$yp / rk;gsk;

7. ,lH ,yhgk; epr;rakhd kw;Wk; epr;rakw;wjhFk;.

fl;lzk; epr;rakhdJ kw;Wk; epiyahdJ

Epiyahd $yp / rk;gsk; ,lH vJkpy;iy

8. cupik khw;wk; rpy eilKiwfis gpd;gw;wp cupik khw;wk; nra;ag;gLk;

cupikkhw;wk; nra;a ,ayhJ.

cupik khw;wk; nra;a KbahJ.



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9. newpKiw Fwpg;gpl;l elj;ij tpjpfs; VJk; ,y;iy Mdhy; ed;newp mbg;gilapy; njhopy; elj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

rpwg;Gj; njhopy; rhHe;j elj;ij newpfs; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;.

gzpahsH epWtdj;jpd; tpjpfs; kw;Wk; xOq;FKiwf;F cld;gl;L ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

24.M ePjpkd;w Mizapy;yhky; fiyg;G i. $l;lhspfspd; cld;ghl;lhy; xU $l;lhz;ik epWtdk; cld;ghl;lhy; cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ> fiyf;fg;gLfpwJ. midj;Jf; $l;lhspfSk; xd;W NrHe;J my;yJ $l;lhspfSf;fpilNa Vw;gLk; cld;ghl;lhy; $l;lhz;ik epWtdk; fiyf;fg;glyhk;. ii. xUtH jtpu midj;Jf; $l;lhspfSk; nehbg;G epiy. VjhtJ xUtH nehbg;Gepiy mile;jhNyh my;yJ midj;Jf; $l;lhspfSk; nehbg;G epiy mile;jhNyh epWtdf; fiyg;G Vw;gLk;. iii. rl;lj;jpw;F Gwk;ghd nrayhy; $l;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpy; rl;lj;jpw;F Gwk;ghf njhopypy; <Lgl;bUe;jhy; jhdhfNt epWtdk; fiyf;fg;glyhk;. iv. tpUg;GKwpf; $l;lhz;ik mwptpf;ifahy; fiyg;G tpUg;gKwpf; $l;lhz;ikapy; VjhtJ xU $l;lhsp fbjk; %yk; midj;Jf; $l;lhspfSf;Fk; jdJ tpUg;gkhd fiyg;ig njuptpj;jhy; epWtdf; fiyg;G Vw;gLk;. v. rpy epfo;r;rpfs; epfo;TWtjhy; fiyg;G $l;lhz;ikf; fiyg;G epWtdf; fiyg;Gld; njhlHGilaJ. kw;w $l;lhspfs; njhlHe;J elj;jpdhNynahopa epWtdf;fiyg;G Vw;glhky; ,Uf;fyhk;.i. Fwpg;gpl;lfhyj;jpw;fhd $l;lhz;ikapd; mf;fhyk; Kbtile;jTld; mjhtJ epiyahd fhyf; $l;lzpahf ,Ue;jhy; ii. Fwpg;gpl;l njhopy;fisr; nra;a kl;LNk njhlq;fg;gl;bUg;gpd; njhopy;fs; epiwT ngw;wTld; mjhtJ Fwpg;gpl;l $l;lhz;ikahf ,Ue;jhy; iii. $l;lhsp ,we;J tpl;lhy; iv. $l;lhsp tpyFk; nghOJ v. $l;lhsp nehbg;G epiy milAk; NghJ Nkw;fhZk; midj;J #o;epiyfspYk; midj;J $l;lhspfshYk; njhlHe;J $l;lhz;ikia elj;j ,ayhky; jhdhfNt epWtdf;fiyg;G Vw;gLk;. 25.m mikg;G Kiw VL vd;gJ xU $l;L gq;F epWkk; Kiwahf mikf;fg;gl;lijr; rhd;W gfUk; XH MtzkhFk;. mikg;G KiwNal;bd; cs;slf;fk; (VNjDk;4) 1. ngaH Fwpj;j cl;gpupT ngaH Fwpj;j cl;gpuptpy; xU epWtdj;jpw;Fr; rl;lg;g+Htkhf mq;fPfupj;j ngaH Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. Vw;nfdNt eilKiwapy; cs;s epWkj;jpd; ngaiu xj;jpUj;jy; $lhJ. mikg;G KiwNal;by; cWg;gpdHfSk; nghWg;G tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy; epWkj;jpd; ngaUld; “tiuaWf;fg;gl;lJ." vd;w thHj;ijiar; NrHf;fNtz;Lk;. 2. ,lq;Fwpj;j cl;gpupT ,g;gpupT epWkj;jpd; gjpT mYtyfk; vq;F mike;Js;sJ vd;gJ gw;wpj; njuptpf;fpwJ. jfty; njhlHgpw;fhf epWkj;jpd; gjpT

mYtyfk; mike;Js;s ,lj;ijAk; kw;Wk; gjpNtLfs; vq;F itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gJ Fwpj;Jk; njuptpf;fpwJ> njhopy; njhlq;Ftjw;f;F Kd;Ng epWkj;jpd; gjpT mYtyfj;ijj; njuptpf;fNtz;Lk;. 3. Nehf;fk; Fwpj;j cl;gpupT ,g;gpupT epWkj;jhy; nray;gLj;jf; $ba Nehf;fq;fs; midj;ijAk; ,jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. gq;FjhuHfspd; NjitfisAk; kw;Wk; epjp Mjhuj;ijAk; gad;gLj;JtJ Fwpj;Jk; ,jpy; tptuq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;. epWkj;jpd; Jiz Nehf;fq;fs; %yk; epWkj;jpd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fq;fis milaj; Njitahd topKiwfSk; tpsf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. Nehf;fq;fs; epWkq;fs; rl;lj;ij kPwpNah my;yJ nghJ eyj;jpw;F vjpuhfTk; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. 4. nghWg;Gf; Fwpj;jg; cl;gpupT nghWg;Gf; Fwpj;j cl;gpupT vd;gJ nghWg;GWjp epWkkhapd; mJ fiyg;gpw;Fs;shf NeupLk; nghJ> mjd; epWkr; nrhj;Jf;fs; me;j epWkj;jpd; epjprhH nghWg;Gfis jPHf;f ,ayhj epiyapy; xt;NthH cWg;gpdUk; toq;Ftjhf cj;jputhjk; mspj;j njhif ,q;Ff; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; ,Nj nghWg;GWjp epWkj;jpd; gq;FjhuHfspd; nghWg;G vd;gJ gq;Ffis itj;Js;s msTk; fiyg;gpd; nghOJ jUfpd;w njhif kw;Wk; fiyg;Gr; nryTk; mlq;Fk;. 5. Kjy; Fwpj;j cl;gpupT Kjy; gpupT vd;gJ epWkj;jpd; mq;fpfupf;fg; gl;l gq;F Kjy;> gq;Ffspd; tiffs; kw;Wk; ngausT Kjy; (xU gq;fpd; Fiwe;jg;gl;r kjpg;G) Mfpait gw;wp tptupf;fpwJ. epWkj;jpd; nrhj;Jfs; gw;wpAk; ,g;gpupT Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. 6. mikg;G cl;gpupT gq;FjhuHfs; jhq;fs; xd;wpide;J epWkkhf nray;gl tpUk;Gk; jq;fspd; tpUg;gj;ij ,g;gpupT ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. nghJ epWkk; vdpy; VO egHfSk;> jdp epWkk; vdpy; ,uz;L egHfSk;> mikg;G KiwNal;by; rhl;rpfs; Kd;dpiyapy; ifnaOj;JaplNtz;Lk;. 25.M. nraypd; mbg;gilapy; cw;gj;jpj; njhopy;fspd; tiffis tpthp

I. eltbf;iffs; mbg;gilapy; m. Kjd;ik cw;gj;jpj; njhopy;fs; M. ,uz;lhk; epiy cw;gj;jpj; njhopy;fs; ,. Nritj; njhopy;fs; m. Kjd;ik cw;gj;jpj; njhopy;fs; Kjd;ik cw;gj;jpj; njhopy;fs; ,aw;ifNahL njhlHGilait. ,J ,uz;L tifg;gLk;. gpupj;njLf;Fk; cw;gj;jpj; njhopy;fs;: g+kpapypUe;J Njhz;b vLf;Fk; ,aw;if tsq;fisf; nfhz;lJ vLj;Jf;fhl;L: epyf;fup kw;Wk; fr;rhvz;iz vLj;jy; Kjypait. kuGrhH cw;gj;jpj; njhopy;fs; jhtuq;fSk;> kpUfq;fSk; EfHNthupd; cgNahfj;jpw;fhf tsHf;fg;gLtd kuGj; cw;gj;jpj; njhopy;fs;



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vdg;gLfpd;wd. vLj;Jf;fhl;L: fhy;eilfs; tsHg;G> Nfhop tsHg;G> kPd; tsHg;G> ug;gH kuk; tsHg;G> fhL tsHg;G . M. ,uz;lhk; epiy cw;gj;jpj; njhopy;fs; ,J ,uz;L gpupTfis cs;slf;fpaJ. 1. jahupg;Gj; njhopy;fs; 2. fl;Lkhdj; njhopy;fs; 1. jahupg;Gj; njhopy;fs; fr;rhg; nghUl;fs;my;yJ gFjpahf KbT ngw;wg; nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jg; $ba mstpy; KbTw;w KOg;nghUshf khw;Wk; njhopy;fisNa jahupg;Gj; njhopy;fs; vd;fpNwhk;. ,it fPo;f;fz;l ehd;F tiffshfg; gpupf;fg;gLfpd;wd. 1. gFg;gha;T cw;gj;jp njhopy; 2. nraw;if nghUs; cw;gj;jp njhopy; 3. njhlH Kiw cw;gj;jp njhopy; 4. xd;W jpul;Lk; cw;gj;jpj; njhopy;fs; 1. gFg;gha;T cw;gj;jp njhopy; : ,j;njhopw;rhiy xU %yg; nghUspypUe;J gy;NtW tifahd nghUl;fisg; gFj;J Muha;e;J gpupg;gij Nkw;nfhs;Sk; vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf: vz;iz Rj;jpfupf;Fk; njhopw;rhiyapy; fr;rh vz;izapypUe;J vupthA> ngl;Nuhy;> Bry;> kz;nzz;nza; Mfpatw;iwgpupj;jy;. 2. nraw;if nghUs; cw;gj;jpj; njhopy;fs;: gy;NtW tifahd $l;Lg; nghUl;fisr; xd;whf NrHj;Jg; Gjpjhf xU nghUis cUthf;Fk; njhopw;rhiyfisNa nraw;ifj; njhopw;rhiy vLj;Jf;fhl;L: ghypa];l;> ieyhd;>nl/yhd;. 3. njhlH Kiw cw;gj;jpj; njhopy;fs;: fr;rhg; nghUs; gy;NtW gbepiyfisf; fle;J ,Wjpapy; xU KbTw;w nghUshf khw;WtJ njlh;Kiw cw;gj;jpj; njhopy; vdg;gLfpwJ. vLj;Jf;fhl;L: FspHghdk; jahupj;jy;> kUe;Jfs; jahupj;jy;> tz;zk; jahupj;jy; Nghd;wit. 4. xd;W jpul;Lk; cw;gj;jpj; njhopy;fs; : ,j;njhopw;rhiyapy; gy;NtW KbTw;w nghUl;fs; xd;whf Nrh;f;fg;gl;L> xU Kw;Wg;ngw;w nghUshf khw;wg;gLfpwJ. vLj;Jf;fhl;L: njhiyf;fhl;rp> kfpOe;J> fzpdp. 2. fl;Lkhdj; njhopy;fs; fl;blq;fs;> ghyq;fs;> rhiyfs;kw;Wk; mizfs; Nghd;wtw;iwf; fl;lj; Njitahd nghUl;fs; jahupf;Fk; njhopw;rhiyNa> fl;Lkhdj; njhopw;rhiy ,jpy; xt;nthU nghUSf;Fk; jdpj;jdp jpl;lkply; cz;L. ,. Nritj; njhopy;fs; ,j; njhopy;fs; ,ay; nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;tJ ,y;iy.

khwhf Nritg; nghUl;fis ,yhgj;jpw;F tpw;fpd;wd. ,t;tif Nrit tpahghuk; gy tifahd njhopYf;F cjtp Gupfpd;wd. vLj;Jf;fhl;L: kUj;Jt fUtpfs; jahupg;G njhopw;rhiy> fy;tpr; Nrit> jfty; njhlHGj; njhopy;> Rw;Wyhj; njhopy; tpahghuk; kw;Wk; mjd; njhlHGila njhopy;fshd tq;fpapay;> fhg;gPL> gz;lfr;rhiy Mfpait ,e;jr; Nritj; njhopw;rhiyapd; cs;slq;Fk;. ,t;tif njhopw;rhiyfs; fPo;tUkhW tifg;gLj;jgLfpwJ. 1. jdpr; Nrit 2. nghJr; Nrit 3. tpepNahfr; Nrit 4. epjpr; Nrit 5. jdpj;Jtr; Nritfs; 6. jdpj;jpwd; 1. jdpr;Nrit: jdp kdpjd; kw;Wk; jdpahH gapyfKk; mtHfspd; Nritia kw;wtHfSf;F tpw;gJ jdpr; NritahFk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L: Foha;fs; kw;Wk; njhl;bfis rPHr; nra;gtH> cztfk;> jdpahH gs;spfs;> tPl;L Ntiyahl;fs;. 2. nghJr; Nrit : muR kUj;Jtkid> gs;spfs;> fhty; epiyak; kw;Wk; muR mYtyfq;fspy; gzpGupgtHfs; muRf;fhf ve;j XH ,yhg Nehf;fKk; ,y;yhky; Nrit GuptNj nghJr;Nrit. 3. tpepNahfr; Nrit : Nghf;Ftuj;J tpw;gid> gz;lfr;rhiy> nghUl;fs; Vw;wpr;nry;Yjy;> tpw;gidahsHfs; Kjypad tpepNahfr; Nritapy; mlq;Fk;. 4. epjpr;Nrit : tq;fpapy;> fzf;fPL kw;Wk; fhg;gPL Mfpait ,jpy; mlq;Fk;. 5. jdpj;Jtr; Nritfs;: rpwg;Gj; njhopy;> jpwik kw;Wk; caH njhopy; El;gr; Nrit Mfpad ,r;Nritapd; fPo; mspf;fg;gLfpwJ. vLj;Jf;fhl;L: nkd;nghUs; tsHr;rpj; jzpf;ifapay;> Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; tsHr;rp> kUj;Jt MNyhrid> gu];gu epjp Nkyhzikr; Nrit> ntspahl;fsplk; gzp nfhLj;Jr; nra;jy; (BPO). 6. jdpj;jpwd; : GJg;GJ vz;zj;ij cUthf;Fjy;> GJ njhopy; El;gj;ij kjpg;gPL nra;jy; kw;Wk; GJf;nfhs;iffisf; Fwpg;gpl;l ty;yikAila jdp eguplk; xg;gilj;jy; Mfpait ,tw;wpy; mlq;Fk;.



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