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Russian Business Guidewww.rbgmedia.ru:?@ABA? CDEFGC?, HFIIJFDKBFLM?? A HFDBCNCC, ANHFI@OP, Q?HIQ?JNCBFP, Q?HIAGF@COP RCDG?IF B &AIICC C DF HSR?TAU. 12+

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Russian Business Guidewww.rbgmedia.ruBusiness publication about development, industries, prospects, business personalities in Russia and abroad.12+

Founder and publisher:BUSINESS DIALOG MEDIA LLC with the support of the CCI of RussiaEditing Group: Maxim Fateev, Vadim Vinokurov, Natalia ChernyshovaThe editor-in-chief: Maria Sergeevna SuvorovskayaManaging Editor: So] ya Antonovna KorshunovaDeputy Marketing Director: Irina Vladimirovna DlugachDesigner: Alexandr LobovTranslation: Maria KlyuchkoPrinted in the printing house of VIVASTAR LLC, Moscow,ul. Electrozavodskaya, 20, building 3.Materials marked R or “ADVERTISING” are published as advertising. The opinion of the authors does not necessarily coincide with the editorial opinion. Reprinting of materials and their use in any form is allowed only with the permission of the editorial o ce of the publication Business-Dialog Media.Materials are not reviewed and returned.Address: 23-1-2 ul. Pobedi, Reutov, the Moscow region, 143966e-mail: [email protected].: +7 (495) 730 55 50 @?U. 5700Publisher: Business-Dialog Media LLC Registered by the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology, and Mass Media. The mass media registration certiB cate PI # FS77-65967 from June 6, 2016.Russian Business Guide Z 13/104 July 2020Passed for printing on 02.07.2020 Edition: 30000 copiesOpen price Photos used: Padezhov Alexander Yuryevich

!"#$#%&'(!. OFFICIALLY

2 !"#$ %&!'!&!(: «)*+#&$*, -"#+!( .#"/$*0)1!-"21)#3.4&$)1!0 5!&$!(!0 %6"657 ( &!))** – 8#0)5(!(65/ * %&#4)%#(65/ )!!.96»OLEG PROZOROV: "SYNERGY OF THE MEMBERS OF THE BELGIAN-LUXEMBOURG CHAMBER OF COMMERCE IN RUSSIA – TO ACT AND SUCCEED TOGETHER"

&#$! ) !*&!+,#. COVER STORY

6 $&4%%6 1!3%6+*0 FAYMONVILLE: 16-#)5(!, %&!:#))*!+6"*'3, +68;<+!)5/FAYMONVILLE GROUP: QUALITY, PROFESSIONALISM, RELIABILITY

!- ./01!2! &#$%. IN THE FIRST PERSON

14 '8#)/ 43#25 )5&!*5/ 1!&6."*PEOPLE HERE KNOW HOW TO BUILD SHIPS

20 6"#1)6+8& 6+*1##(, 6! «=1!%=5»: «+6> '6(!8 +6 )#$!8+, – )63!# *++!(6?*!++!# %&#8%&*,5*# ( 3*&#!»ALEXANDER ANIKEEV, JSC EKOPET: “OUR PLANT IS THE MOST INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISE IN THE WORLD FOR TODAY!”

24 «4>61!()1*# (#&:*»: «(!,<» ( .4849##USHAKOVO YARDS: VOYAGE TO THE FUTURE

26 *+84)5&*6"/+70 %6&1 «=1!.6"5*1»: "#16&)5(! %&!5*( 1&*'*)6INDUSTRIAL PARK ECOBALTIC: A REMEDY AGAINST THE CRISIS

28 )#"/@!'%&#8%&*,5*# «%!.#8*+)1!#» – <#3-4<*+6 16"*+*+$&68)1!0 !."6)5*POBEDINSKOYE AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE – THE PEARL OF THE KALININGRAD REGION

30 -:-2020: ( 6($4)5# +#.! '#"#+!$&68)16 '6*$&6#5 ,&1*3* 1&6)163*WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP OF FIREWORKS-2020:THE SKY OF ZELENOGRADSK WILL SPARKLE BRIGHT IN AUGUST

!"#$#%&'(!. OFFICIALLY

32 3*@6*" (6&61*+: «%"6+#56 – =5! +6> 8!3, * +6>6 !.,'6++!)5/ – '6.!5*5/), ! +;3 * )!8#&<65/ #$! ( -*)5!5#»MIKHAIL VARAKIN: “THE PLANET IS OUR HOME, AND IT IS OUR DUTY TO TAKE CARE OF IT AND KEEP IT CLEAN”

#(3/,) 4)./5%. SUCCESS INDEX

36 !"#$ 6+/>61!(: «&7.+70 .*'+#) !-#+/ %#&)%#15*(+70, +! ( +;3 #)5/ 3+!$! +26+)!(»OLEG ANSHAKOV: “FISH BUSINESS IS VERY PROMISING, BUT THERE ARE MANY PECULIARITIES IN IT”

40 =1!@!"8*+$ «43+6, SREDA»: «(5!&6, <*'+/» %"6)5*16 +6 $!&!8)1*@ 4"*?6@ECO-HOLDING UMNAYA SREDA: “SECOND LIFE” OF PLASTIC ON CITY STREETS

44 )#&$#0 1&*(*?1*0, *1 «=1!"!$*, * %&*&!86»: «4 =1!.*!+*1* .!"/>!# .4849##!»SERGEY KRIVITSKY, THE ECOLOGY AND NATURE INNOVATION COMPANY: “ECOBIONICS HAS A GREAT FUTURE!”

#(3/,) ,%6/)-1%. QUALITY INDEX

48 )#&$#0 36371*+: «37 3!<#3 !.!$+65/ '6%68 ( ):#&# %&!37>"#++!)5*»SERGEY MAMYKIN: “WE CAN OVERTAKE THE WEST IN THE INDUSTRIAL FIELD”

52 3*))*, %&!#156 «=1!.!1)» – .#&#-/ %"6+#54 (3#)5# ) +63*!THE MISSION OF PROJECT ECOBOX: LET’S SAVE THE PLANET TOGETHER!

58 !"#$ 16&?!(: «37 .48#3 8(*$65/), 86"/>#, &6'(*(65/), * %!3!$65/ 8&4$ 8&4$4!»OLEG KARTSOV: “WE WILL GO FURTHER, DEVELOP AND HELP EACH OTHER!”

172&83 (% )#-4%$#9. VIEW OF THE SITUATION

60 =1!"!$*-#)1*# %"65#<* (+(!)): A"/$!57, )&!1*, %&#?#8#+57ENVIRONMENTAL PAYMENTS (NEI): BENEFITS, TERMS, JUDICIAL CASES

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– What success, in your opinion, did the Belgian-Luxembourg Chamber of Commerce achieve on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2019? What signi! cant business projects have been implemented?

– From year to year the activities of the Belgian-Luxembourg Chamber of Commerce in Russia are becoming more and more in demand both among its members and our partners. An unprecedented number of events was held in 2019 as part of the development of business activity in the regions of the Russian Federation, the EAEU, the EU and Benelux.

! e number of agreements and contracts signed by the business community based on the results of the events held by the Chamber is indicative. ! e e" ectiveness of participation in trade and economic delegations of the BLCC for participants last year exceeded 35%. ! ese are investments, new agreements and business projects for every third of them.

– If we compare the economic indicators of recent years and compare with 2019, is there any reason to say that the investment turnover in domestic companies has grown?

– Belgian and Luxembourg investments in Russia over the past decades are long-term investments that continue to work, create jobs, and new production lines. Funding for services, logistics and infrastructure is growing. ! e best indicator of trade activity is the growth in trade between our countries, for example, the year ago, trade between Belgium and Russia exceeded $ 11 billion.

– What regions and constituent entities of the Russian Federation have the "hamber

actively cooperated with last year, and how strong are these business relations?

– ! e geography of cooperation is very extensive, in 2019 cooperation with the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug in western Siberia, the Ryazan region in the center of Russia, the Irkutsk region in southeastern Siberia, the Nizhny Novgorod region in the Volga region, the Murmansk region in the north, the Leningrad region in the west was signi# cant.

Today, the Belgian-Luxembourg Chamber of Commerce in Russia works closely with more than 40 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, strengthening business ties and expanding the range of our members’ presence, opening up new promising regions for investors.

– What do you think, how e# ective are the business missions that your colleagues are conducting in Russia? And what, in fact, is their main essence?

– Speaking about the essence, I want to emphasize that the factories of a number of companies – our members, located on the territory of Russia have become their largest production capacities. And in the # eld of logistics and services, we have examples of the transfer of o$ ces and personnel responsible for Eurasia to the territory of the Russian Federation. All this would not have been possible without the preliminary painstaking, daily work that our employees carry out in synergy with the regions.

– What positive experience can large Russian companies get while interacting with the Chamber? I would like to hear about the advantages of such cooperation.

– ! e Board of our Chamber is committed to mutually bene# cial cooperation for all. Already most of the companies – leaders of the Russian industry are present in Belgium and Luxembourg. Speaking of medium and small business, their number in the EU countries is growing annually. ! ese are Russian export-oriented organizations, enterprises aimed at cooperation: development, implementation and attraction of new technologies, investments, and other joint forms of doing business. ! e Chamber is an e" ective platform for interaction and communication between all these players in Moscow, Brussels and Luxembourg.

It should be noted that Moscow today is the capital of the Eurasian Economic Space, Brussels is the capital of the European economy and a decision center, and Luxembourg is a recognized world # nancial center. Combining, the Belgian-Luxembourg Chamber of Commerce is the best tool for international business cooperation. ! is year alone, we received three large delegations of Eurasian business and Russian regions in Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.

– What plans and tasks for 2020 does the Belgian-Luxembourg Chamber of Commerce set for itself?

– ! e goals of the Chamber are permanent –to unite, develop and support. In our daily work, we focus on our members and partners, adapting our plans to their needs. In 2020, forums, conferences, round tables, business missions are planned. ! e synergy of the members of the Belgian-Luxembourg Chamber of Commerce in Russia is to act and succeed together. Taking this opportunity, we encourage all readers of the Russian Business Guide to join us with new useful initiatives.

T he Belgian-Luxembourg Chamber of Commerce in Russia is an active business association whose main area of activity is the development of cooperation between business circles of the Benelux countries and Russia. Oleg Prozorov,

General Director of the Chamber, spoke about the BLCC work priorities, results and plans for 2020.

Oleg Prozorov: Synergy of the members of the Belgian-Luxembourg Chamber of Commerce in Russia – to act and succeed together

OFFICIALLY

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https://www.barry-callebaut.com/ru-RU

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https://ru.sibelco.com/

5

SIBELCO IS A GLOBAL MATERIAL SOLUTIONS COMPANY.

Its headquarters are just outside Brussels (Belgium), where the company was founded in 1919. Almost a century later, its products and services are available in over 100 countries around the world and, in many cases, are produced by its network of local subsidiaries.

Puratos is developing innovative ingredients and solutions for bakers and chocolatiers around the world.

! e company has a network of 88 Innovation Centers with the very latest equipment. Its global team of 575 technical advisors is ready to help develop skills in bakery, patisserie and chocolate making. ! ey share their professional know-how and develop new recipes or product concepts together with you to enable you to create some of the world’s best # nished goods.

! ey are the heart and engine of the chocolate industry and their mission is to be number one in all attractive customer segments.

As a business-to-business company, the Barry Callebaut Group serves the entire food industry, from global and local food manufacturers to artisanal and professional users of chocolate, such as chocolatiers, pastry chefs, bakers, hotels, restaurants or caterers.

Barry Callebaut is the outsourcing partner of choice for leading global and local food companies with which we have a number of long-term partnership agreements. It is also the world's largest supplier of gourmet chocolate and specialties products through our three global brands Callebaut® and Cacao Barry®, and Carma®.

! e company employs more than 12,000 people operating out of more than 40 countries.

It operates more than 60 production facilities and 23 CHOCOLATE ACADEMYTM Centers across the globe.

It has comprehensive competencies in the art of making chocolate and cocoa products – from sourcing and processing cocoa beans to producing the # nest chocolates, including chocolate # llings, decorations and compounds.

With more than 175 years of chocolate heritage, the Barry Callebaut Group has an unparalleled blend of expertise in cocoa and chocolate.

! ey utilize nature’s raw materials to provide solutions for society and support the cradle-to-cradle loop. From drinking water sanitation to solar technology, every day their materials work as essential components in the progress of society.

Sibelco was founded in 1872, initially supplying silica sand from deposits in Flanders to Belgium’s major glass producers. Its association with the clay industry stretches back even further, with its UK operations producing world-renowned ball clay in the south west of England for over 300 years. Today, Sibelco is still a privately owned & family business, operating 174 production sites in more than 30 countries with a team of over 8,500 people. Its shareholders, united for more than 140 years, provide stability and a long-term view on this business.

A fundamental strength of Sibelco is its application-focused research and technical centres.

Innovation is the guiding principle they employ to create value for the stakeholders. ! ey have the % exibility and global network to change as the markets, and therefore the needs of their customers, change, so they are well placed to provide solutions to customers for the long term.

! e minerals that are part of the company’s wide range of products come from the best sources from around the world. ! ey are delivered through the worldwide service system, which ensures timely delivery in exact accordance with the requirements.

PURATOS IS AN INTERNATIONAL GROUP OFFERING A FULL RANGE OF INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS, RAW MATERIALS AND APPLICATION EXPERTISE TO THE BAKERY, PATISSERIE AND CHOCOLATE SECTORS.

THE BARRY CALLEBAUT GROUP IS THE WORLD'S LEADING MANUFACTURER OF HIGH1QUALITY CHOCOLATE AND COCOA PRODUCTS, MASTERING EVERY STEP IN THE VALUE CHAIN FROM THE SOURCING OF RAW MATERIALS TO THE PRODUCTION OF THE FINEST CHOCOLATES.

6


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9

Faymonville Group: quality, professionalism, reliability

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– Cargo transportation is one of the most demanded services in the world. It is not always possible to transport cargoes by gazelles, trucks or trains. $ e Faymonville Group is one of the leading manufacturers of a complete range of special vehicles for heavy loads and special transport equipment (trailers, semi-trailers, self-steering machines). Could you please tell us, how long has the company existed? Where did the history of the company begin?

– Being a family business, within six generations Faymonville has evolved from a small forging workshop in a Belgian village into the industry leader.

Faymonville today is the world leading manufacturer of special vehicles for heavy loads and transportation. ! e semi-trailers, low loading platforms, standard and self-steering modules that we produce are used to transport exceptionally heavy, long, wide or high loads. As of today, the company has more than 1100 employees. Sales are carried out in more than 125 countries.

– You have 5 production sites, which are located far beyond Russia. What is responsibility of each of them and how does communication between the branches happen?

– ! ey are not quite branches; they are separate production companies with a full production cycle, possessing a full range of technological equipment and quali# ed specialists.

Our brand portfolio includes transport solutions from 15 to 15,000 tons of indivisible structures – and even more. ! ey are FAYMONVILLE, MAX TRAILER and COMETTO. Modern production, based on

several plants located in Belgium, Luxembourg, Italy, Poland and Russia, with a total area of 150,000 m2, is the foundation for unique, high-tech products. Internal standards of quality, thanks to strict control methods, guarantee an impeccable production level.

Faymonville manufactures trailers, low-loaders and modular vehicles for payloads from 20 to 500 tonnes.

Faymonville o" ers customer-speci# c solutions for the assembly of modular systems from uni# ed assemblies that are designed for all requirements which are beyond the conventional standards. ! e company specializes in exclusive products. ! e Faymonville semi-trailer and trailer manufacturing plants are located in Büllingen (Belgium) and Lenzweiler (Luxembourg). Each of these plants specializes in the production of a particular type of vehicle.

MAX Trailer is a completely innovative concept in the # eld of semi-trailers and trailers. Standardized components and the consequent manufacturing process allow for the production of a high quality and cost-e" ective product, which, in turn, reduces the cost of the # nal product to customers without compromising on quality. ! e assortment consists of semi-trailers with 2-6 axles. ! e plant for the MAX Trailer brand semi-trailers production is located in the city of Golenyuv (Poland).

In 2013, the Faymonville company decided to build a production and service center in Russia; the location was searched for quite a while and the choice was made for Noginsk, the Moscow region. ! e # rst semi-trailer was produced on the territory of the center already in 2016. Two brands of the company – Faymonville and MAX

The Faymonville Group is one of the leading manufacturers of a comprehensive range of special vehicles for heavy loads and special transport equipment. ! e company produces everything on its own 100% full

production cycle – from the " rst sheet to the " nished car. We spoke to Elena Fadeeva, CEO of Faymonville Russ LLC about the impeccable production level of the company, e# ciency of the quality control process and its unique high-tech products.

COVER STORY10

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Trailer – are assembled at the factory in Russia; these are the most demanded models among Russian customers and the clients from the Eurasian Customs Union member countries. We work quite actively with the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan, the number and range of orders increase every year.

Cometto, a company located in Cuneo, the Italian town, joined the Faymonville group in 2017. It specializes in the design and manufacturing of modules for the transportation of heavy goods and self-propelled modular vehicles for service loads of up to 15,000 tonnes.

In addition, the company o" ers special vehicles for carriage of heavy industrial goods, such as shipyard and steel plant transporters. It also provides with transportation methods.

– Client-oriented approach is the basis of any successful company. What kinds of loyalty programs do you have?

– Of course, a customer is our # rst priority and we do our best to fully meet high demands and changing needs of our customers.

• As part of the vehicle delivery, we provide detailed training to customers and give them all the necessary information about the new vehicle operation. As the phrase goes, “from professional to professional.”

• Faymonville designs, tests and performs all the technological processes, starting with jet cleaning and metallization and ending with coating. MAXProtect+ guarantees the best surface protection for your vehicle! The result is of a level of quality that far exceeds that of the industry of commercial vehicles.

Well-developed software from our company helps the clients to plan transport tasks. Preparation is often associated with many questions: how to design a vehicle to carry a cargo? How to place the cargo optimally? You can find the answers directly in our detailed and user-friendly simulator software. You can use it to simulate different scenarios before implementation. The goal is to put theory aside and move on to practice! All these programs are a combination of technology, mathematics, physics and computer science. Computer printed results can be taken to the site so that all important information can be considered by a driver during the vehicle arrangement and loading.

• ! e multifunctional service centers are located in Europe and Russia, they provide with warranty and post-warranty services of equipment. Moreover, maintenance, including major repairs, is available for all vehicle brands.

• ! e 24-hour service also includes the services of technicians, who are always in touch and have fully equipped transports for special purposes. ! e client can always get quali# ed advice by phone, if it is not

su$ cient and the client cannot arrive at the service station, our specialists will go to any place where the client needs speci# c assistance. ! is allows us to solve the most di$ cult tasks on the spot.

• Availability of our own warehouses for spare parts and consumables allows us to guarantee fast repair or prompt delivery of this or that spare part to the customer in minimal time.

• ! e company uses a number of # nancial instruments for convenience of its clients, such as leasing programs, installment payments, trade-in system.

• We have developed dealer network.

All of this makes clients feel con# dent in their choice of our products. ! anks to quality, professionalism and reliability, Faymonville is a valuable partner. We are focused on optimized technological processes, modern technologies and highly quali# ed employees. As leaders in quality, Faymonville Group sets the highest standards to guarantee an impeccable quality of its vehicles.

So! a Korshunova has prepared the material

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;<=>?@ %!A!BC DEFCGCG*HE=ID!AJ ;CKG?IJ JL?FCMCFC L =LE HEKE

THE AID BUDGET FOR THE KALININGRAD BUSINESS WAS DOUBLEDTHE AUTHORITIES OF THE KALININGRAD REGION HAVE INCREASED THE TOTAL BUDGET OF SMALL BUSINESS SUPPORT FROM 85 TO 170 MILLION RUBLES. THIS WAS REPORTED ON THE AIR OF RADIO “KOMSOMOLSKAYA PRAVDA $ KALININGRAD” BY DEPUTY FINANCE MINISTER OF THE REGION ANATOLY GORKIN.

Entrepreneurs, whose business has su" ered from coronavirus restrictions, can get up to 100 thousand rubles from the regional government. ! e company should employ not more than 15 people. ! e subsidy consists of money allocated to the employer, rental obligations and the payment of 5 thousand rubles for each employee, said the o$ cial. ! e application deadline has also been extended by a month and a half - until July 15.|

“We have introduced subsidies at the regional level even before the President

instructed, and this instruction has been ful# lled. ! e subsidies allocated for the same purposes, approximately in the same volumes began to be paid at the federal level, but there they are two months, we have a single subsidy. Of course, it provides support to entrepreneurs so that salaries are paid, so that people are not downsized,” Gorkin said. He stressed that the regional list does not include trade in non-food products, which is on the federal list of subsidies.

In mid-April, the regional authorities allocated 85 million rubles to support

microbusiness in the region. The day before, the government expanded the list from 15 to 37 companies that can receive donations from the government to cover current costs and wages. Payments of 15 to 100 thousand rubles can now be received, including private dentists, workshops, private tour operators and furniture companies.

https://kaliningrad.rbc.ru/kaliningrad/10/06/2020/5ee0ee849a7947c30b84d500

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OVER 200 MILLION RUBLES HAS BEEN ALLOCATED FOR NEW BENEFITS FOR KALININGRAD BUSINESSSMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS OF THE KALININGRAD REGION CAN GET FROM 2 TO 50 MILLION RUBLES LOAN AT 1% PER ANNUM FOR INVESTMENT PURPOSES. THIS IS REPORTED BY THE PRESS SERVICE OF THE REGIONAL GOVERNMENT

! e loan is designed for seven years, and for borrowers from agriculture - for 10 years. In addition, there is a delay in repayment of principal debt for up to 36 months from the date of the loan. Over 200 million rubles is allocated for these payments. ! e amount may be increased if necessary.

According to the Minister of Economic Development, Industry and Trade of the region, Dmitri Kuskov, one of the main criteria for evaluating applications is to increase the number of jobs. Previous preferential programs, which worked in the region (for example, loans at 0.1%), were aimed at business support during the restrictions: to cover current costs and pay salaries. ! e new loan is the next anti-crisis stage and is associated with the recovery and further growth of the economy.

! e number of scores in the competitive selection depends on the number of new jobs

that a loaner plans to create: the more jobs, the more scores.

! e additional advantage is given to agricultural projects, which only need to declare 11 new jobs to get the maximum score. For other participants, this threshold has been increased to 21 new jobs.

! e program covers the entire Kaliningrad region, but companies using the loan to develop and establish enterprises in 11 municipalities in the central and eastern part of the region will get additional scores. Applications will be accepted since June 15. ! e necessary documentation has been published on the website of the Support centre for entrepreneurship of the Kaliningrad region.

As RBC Kaliningrad earlier reported, about 900 million rubles were allocated to support the regional economy and labor market during the pandemic. Part of the money

was allocated for so& loans at 0.1%. Besides, the government of the Kaliningrad region is ready to borrow about 500 million rubles and allocate this money to help entrepreneurs.

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17

One spring a% ernoon, May 1, three acquaintances met to make a kind of

union, which was to play a signi" cant role in history...You must have thought we are talking about Mayovka (as Russian people once called an illegal meeting of revolutionary-minded workers held in the countryside on May 1), and the gathered people adhered to socialist ideals? Not at all: it was 1826, the day of May 1 was no di& erent from the others, the word “socialism” hadn’t been invented yet, well: in distant Astrakhan and Orenburg there were still trials of Decembrists’ supporters... Moreover, it happened not in Russia, but in Koenigsberg, Germany, and the interests of the gathered people were purely capitalist: the production of steel structures and, as obvious, making a pro" t from this useful business. One of them, Charles Hughes, the Englishman, proposed to name the company “Union Gießerei” which means the Union of Foundrymen. Business went on: " rst they manufactured metal structures, including bridges. (For example, a two-storey bridge known to the Kaliningrad people, which is still in service today, was built in the early 20th century by Union Gießerei) ! en the Union expanded its range of products, starting to produce steam engines, boilers and, " nally, steamers.Still the company, which successfully worked for more than 100 years, failed to withstand the world crisis of the early 1930s. ! e bankrupted plant was bought by F. Schichau, the company specializing in the assembly of locomotives and steamers. It breathed new life into the ruined company. A large-scale modernization of production was carried out, a% er that military shipbuilding became the main specialization of the company.F. Schichau Shipyard continued its work up to the time when Soviet troops surrounded Koenigsberg in 1945. ! e shipyard workshops were not much damaged during the storming of the city on April 6-9. And already on July 8 of the victorious year Yantar Shipyard, which now is one of the largest shipbuilders of Russia, started its work on the base of the former F. Schichau Shipyard. ! is summer Yantar Shipyard will celebrate its 75th anniversary. Could Mr. Hughes, founder of Union Gießerei, imagine anything like that?We talked to Eduard E" mov, CEO of the JSC Yantar about the current day and the company’s plans.

– Mr. E! mov, the main specialization of your plant is the construction of ships for the domestic and allied navy. However, according to the State Armament Program, starting from 2018 the load peak of MIC is gradually decreasing. In this connection, a task has been set to diversify defense industries, increase the output of civil and dual-purpose products at such enterprises, which is designed to promote import substitution and increase high-tech exports. How do these global processes and plans in% uence your enterprise? What is being done to implement them?

– First of all, it should be said that in recent years the civil shipbuilding industry has acquired strategic signi# cance for our shipyard. ! is direction has become one of the vectors of the enterprise development, along with the development of the state defense order. ! e # rst and signi# cant step towards increasing the output of

civil products at Yantar was made when we signed a contract with the Fishing Collective Farm named a& er Lenin for construction of a series of three trawlers-seiners for the Swedish project. We were the # rst in Russia to start building several vessels of this type for a domestic customer. Now the execution of this contract is in the # nal stage: two trawlers, "Leninets" and "Komandor" are handed over to the customer in 2019, the third one, "Udarnik", is being tested and is planned to be handed over in the # rst half of this year.

Construction of this series allowed the whole plant to gain valuable experience of working with a new approach, with new requirements and characteristics. In addition, we have established contacts with suppliers with whom we had no experience in cooperation earlier.

! is experience is already being used for another project for the same customer.

PEOPLE HERE KNOW HOW TO BUILD SHIPS

18


Last year the construction of a large freezer trawler "Viktor Gavrilov" started at Yantar. ! is is the largest large # shing freezer trawler in Russia today, and Russian shipyards have not built such vessels yet. So this is a very important and signi# cant order for our shipyard.

In the future we consider a number of proposals for # shing vessels construction in the direction of civil shipbuilding. Meanwhile, within the framework of the Conversion program of the Industrial Development Fund of the Russian Federation, our investment project on development of production facilities for construction of vessels for the # shing % eet is approved.

– $ e reduction of the state defense order does not mean its complete absence. In the coming year the Navy plans to introduce 14 ships and combat boats, 18 supply vessels, and conclude contracts for the construction of at least two frigates and two universal landing ships. Does your enterprise participate in the implementation of these plans?

– Of course, it does, because the Ministry of Defense is our traditional main customer and the Navy is the main operator of the ships built on Yantar. ! is year we plan to hand over a large landing ship "Peter Morgunov" to the % eet, the second in a series under construction on project 11711. Now the vessel is completing sea trials, a& er which the Andreyevsky % ag will be solemnly hoisted on its board and it will be accepted into the Russian Navy, where, by the way, already serves his "senior brother" on the project, large landing ship "Ivan Gren", built also by our plant. Last year we started building two more ships of this project, but already of a modernized type. We also have oceanographic vessels in our order book, which we also build in the interests of the Russian Navy.

– Such a large enterprise like yours cannot exist without permanent improvement of the production management system. Last year, the Production System Development Department activated its work at the plant. Its expert committee has already considered the ! rst proposals for improvement of the production system, which were received from the plant workers. Tell us about this interesting experience.

– ! e Production System Development Department was established at the plant at the end of 2017, and since the end of last year almost all subdivisions of the plant have been involved in this area. ! e tasks set for the teams are aimed at increasing productivity, reducing costs and creating lean production. ! is is done, among other things, by making proposals to improve the production system, the so-called PPU. Employees of workshops and departments formulate a certain problem on the basis of their experience and propose a way to solve

it in order to improve the work% ow. One of the main requirements is ideal: improvement does not involve additional # nancial costs and can be achieved by the authors of the proposal themselves.

An expert committee regularly reviews the submitted PPUs and determines which ones can be accepted for implementation. ! e authors of such proposals are # nancially rewarded by the plant management, and an additional bonus is paid for the implementation of such a proposal. To date, we have considered 83 proposals for improvement and have already implemented 65 of them.

By the way, it should be noted that in December 2019 JSC Yantar and the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Kaliningrad Region signed an agreement on cooperation when implementing measures of the national project on labor productivity increase. ! e plant plans to involve more than 600 of its employees in the events of 2020.

– Professional skill contests for representatives of di# erent occupations have become a tradition at the company. Tell us about it. Do your masters participate in competitions outside the walls of the native plant?

– Professional contests are a tradition that has existed at the plant since Soviet times. For the last ten years they have been held annually for the main shipbuilding occupations: welder, metal vessel hull assembler, # tter, piper, painter. Usually participants answer questions on theory and perform practical tasks.

Competitions for young engineers and production masters are also held annually. ! e former defend their projects, while the latter demonstrate their skills in an organizational and action game.

Competitions not only help to identify the best professionals of the plant, but

IN THE FIRST PERSON

19

also increase the prestige of very popular occupations in our industry.

Undoubtedly, we are also interested in that Yantar employees take part in professional contests outside the company.

Today the WorldSkills movement actively develops, and United Shipbuilding Corporation holds the corporate championship of professional skills according to international standards for the # & h year already. ! e winners of our shipyard competitions are active participants of these competitions. Last year Yantar itself became the venue for holding the corporate championship of OSC in # ve competencies.

And already this year our most experienced welders took the # rst two prizes in the regional championship WorldSkills - Skills of the Wise, in which professionals of older age participate.

– A program of technical re-equipment and reconstruction has been implemented

at JSC Yantar for already eight years. What stages of modernization have you passed? When is it scheduled to ! nish? And what enterprise should it become in the end?

– We have practically completed the # rst stage of modernization – complete technical re-equipment of machine-building and pipe-bending industries. More than 200 units of equipment for various purposes have already been delivered for them, the overhaul of production buildings has been carried out. ! is year we plan to purchase the remaining technological equipment and by that to # nish this stage.

! e second stage is already being implemented – the reconstruction of the embankments is underway. ! is year new crane equipment will be purchased, and by the end of the year we plan to complete reconstruction of the quays. Further plans include the construction of a new building shop and a new dock.

Besides, as I have already said, an

investment project has been formed at the plant to develop production facilities for the manufacturing of civil products in the interests of Russian ship-owners.

Implementation of all this will allow us:– optimize the production of ships and

vessels in terms of construction time, cost and quality;

– ensure sustainable economic growth by increasing volumes and expanding our production programme;

– expand the scope of services in terms of a& er-sales service and maintenance;

– to increase the production of # shing vessels.

– In the interview given to our magazine two years ago, you said that it was di& cult to ponder over the distant prospects and highlighted the nearest plans. And what are the plans of JSC Yantar shipyard for the next two or three years?

– Generally speaking, the nearest perspective is drawn from the previous answers. The main thing is that we plan to continue doing what we know best – to build ships. We plan to improve the quality of our work and reduce costs, to reach a higher level of competitiveness of the enterprise. Implementation of plans in such directions as further modernization, improvement of production system and all-round development of personnel potential of workers of the plant will help us in this.

THE HISTORY OF THE BALTIC SHIPYARD YANTAR DATES BACK TO JULY 8, 1945, WHEN THE DECREE OF THE STATE DEFENSE COMMITTEE OF THE USSR LEGITIMIZED THE FORMATION OF THE SOVIET SHIPYARD IN KOENIGSBERG ON THE BASIS OF THE FORMER SHIPYARD F. SCHICHAU. THE ENTERPRISE WILL CELEBRATE ITS 75TH ANNIVERSARY IN JULY THIS YEAR.

MORE THAN 160 WARSHIPS FOR THE DOMESTIC AND ALLIED NAVY WERE MANUFACTURED AT YANTAR DURING THESE YEARS. THE LARGEST SHIPS BY DISPLACEMENT, BUILT AT THE PLANT, ARE LARGE LANDING SHIPS PROJECT 1174, TYPE "IVAN ROGOV". AND THE BEST FOR TODAY IN TERMS OF COMBINATION OF MARITIME QUALITIES AND WEAPONRY ARE PATROL SHIPS PROJECT 11356 "ADMIRAL GRIGOROVICH", "ADMIRAL ESSEN" AND "ADMIRAL MAKAROV". IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT HALF OF THE SHIPS OF 1ST AND 2ND RANK IN THE CURRENT RUSSIAN NAVY WERE BUILT AT THE YANTAR SHIPYARD.

MORE THAN 500 CIVIL SHIPS HAVE ALSO LEFT THE YANTAR SLIPWAYS. AMONG THEM ARE DRY-CARGO CARRIERS OF BALTIC TYPE, ICEBREAKING FERRIES "SAKHALIN" AND SELF-PROPELLED RIVER CARGO SHIPS OF DNEPR TYPE. THE YEAR 2016 OPENED A NEW STAGE IN THE CIVIL SECTOR: THERE WAS SIGNED THE FIRST CONTRACT IN THE MODERN HISTORY OF RUSSIA FOR CONSTRUCTION OF A SERIES OF FISHING VESSELS FOR DOMESTIC CUSTOMERS.

NOW ABOUT 4.5 THOUSAND PEOPLE – REPRESENTATIVES OF MORE THAN ONE HUNDRED OCCUPATIONS AND SPECIALTIES – WORK AT JSC YANTAR. THE PLANT IS LOADED WITH WORK FOR SEVERAL YEARS AHEAD.

IN THE FIRST PERSON

20


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"0 1$%2"3" ,)+'

21

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"0 1$%2"3" ,)+'

22


What do a mineral bottle, a heart valve endoprosthesis, a bright sports jacket and

a car headlight holder have in common? It seems nothing, except, maybe, that these are all useful things for a human being. However, there is the “nighness of blood” between them, since they are made of one and the same material with a di# cult-to-pronounce name “polyethylene terephthalate”, abbreviated as PET (PET).It was obtained in 1941 by specialists of British Calico Printers. Until the mid-60s PET was used to create textile " bers, later there appeared packaging PET " lm, and in the early 70s the " rst PET bottle was introduced by the DuPont company. DuPont wanted light, unbreakable, inert and inexpensive beverage containers, yet the developers could not even imagine that it would soon “take over the world”. A million plastic bottles are sold every minute in this world today. When we buy such a bottle, we never think how many production stages it has gone through to get into our hands. About this and many other things, we have talked to Alexander Anikeev, CEO of JSC Ekopet.

– Mr. Anikeev, JSC Ekopet produces granulated polyethylene terephthalate chips. But an ordinary reader will most probably answer the question “What is this?” only: “$ is is something chemical!” So we’ll have to start with a bit of enlightenment: what is it, what is it made of, what ! elds is it used in?

– Ekopet JSC produces the granulated bottle grade polyethylene terephthalate chips of Eköpet brand. Our product is polymer, a product of polycondensation of ethylene glycol with terephthalic acid. Various stabilizers and colorants are also used in PET production. It is manufactured in the form of white spherical pellets.

If we talk about varieties of polyethylene terephthalate, one of them is bottle grade PET, that various containers and disposable tableware are made of. PET container is one of the most popular types of container in the world. Another type of PET is PET fiber, which is used to make threads. It was known as lavsan in the USSR and polyester in the world. PET is also used in medicine, engineering. Our

company manufactures PET for both food and non-food products.

– JSC Ekopet is the largest PET production enterprise in this country. Please tell us the history of the plant. What is Ekopet like today?

– JSC Ekopet is the largest PET production facility in Russia and Europe. ! ere are only 4 such plants in the CIS, including ours. ! e construction of the plant commenced in 2007, it was put into operation in 2011. Our plant is the most cutting-edge one among enterprises of this kind in Russia. ! ere are only 14 plants using this technology in the world, three of them are located in Europe: in Belgium, in the UK and ours, in Russia.

We are located in the Kaliningrad region, in the special economic zone. ! e plant was originally established taking into account the fact that it would enjoy bene# ts as a resident. ! e plant is located in the Baltic Industrial Park, a company belonging to the Ekopet Group.

! e area of the plant is 10 hectares. We operate through the most state-of-the-art technology developed by Uhde Inventa-

Fischer GmbH, a German company belonging to the famous ! yssenKrupp AG. ! e technology is called 2R-MTR, where MTR is an abbreviation for “melt-into-resin” and “2R” stands for 2 reactors. We have a one-stage production, while the previous technology used 2 stages: # rst, resin was produced; then it was sent to another production unit where it became viscous. In our case, the viscosity is acquired in the second reactor, and we get the # nished product immediately. ! e new technology makes it possible to reduce energy, raw material and time consumption.

Our plant today is the most modern and innovative enterprise in the world.

– Who are your customers?– We work in B2B segment. Our

clients are companies engaged in production of plastic containers, beauty products packaging, cellular and sheet polycarbonates, medical consumables, PET-based coatings, etc. The field of application of our product is very wide.

Alexander ANIKEEV, JSC EKOPET:“OUR PLANT IS THE MOST INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISE IN THE WORLD FOR TODAY!”

IN THE FIRST PERSON

23

– Are you in the middle of the technological chain from the oil well to the end user?

– Our raw materials are terephthalic acid derived from oil and ethylene glycol derived from gas. But for the production of this acid, paraxylene is required - a derivative of the activities of oil re# neries. We are the fourth link from the oil well, and in order for the PET container to reach the consumer, it must go through two more.

Here is the paradox: Russia is rich in gas and oil, but we have to buy all the raw materials required for our production abroad. I think we should build facilities for the production of terephthalic acid. We do not have them, with the exception of a small one, the Sibur Company, which produces it for its own needs. But they don’t have enough of this raw material; therefore a part of it is purchased abroad. We sell oil and gas abroad, and then import raw materials from China, Korea, Saudi Arabia...

– What is the structure of Ekopet GC like? How many people are engaged in it?

– ! e GC structure includes three companies. First, it is the Baltic Industrial Park (BIP), where the plant is located. It is 200 hectares of industrial land with full infrastructure starting from electricity, water, steam and ending with own railroad. ! e BIP development plan includes construction of new chemical cluster enterprises.

! e GC also consists of Ekopet Plant and Ekopolymers Trading LLC, which sells our products. ! e total number of employees of the GC is 373.

– PET produced by your plant is intended for the manufacture of food packaging and the health of consumers depends on its quality. Tell us about the quality control system at your production facility.

– ! e products of our company are the best in Europe; this is an opinion of the technology developer, a& er the research recognized it as such.

We have all the necessary certi# cates of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing. In

2019, the integrated management system was implemented by our company.

Certi# cation audit of the enterprise was carried out by the leading specialists from the world leader in certi# cation, Bureau Veritas.

! e plant pays close attention to quality; we have one of the most state-of-the-art chemical laboratories in the country. Laboratory research is exercised through the entire production chain of the product. Our laboratory has recently participated in the inter-laboratory comparative tests, and taken the 2nd place among 568 chemical laboratories in Russia!

– $ e company website says that part of your products is exported to the EU countries. Which ones? What logistic advantages do you get from basing in Kaliningrad? Do you plan to expand the geography of sales?

– About 80% of our products are sold on the territory of the Russian Federation, the rest is delivered to the countries of the European Union and the USA. ! e plant was built with a focus on export; that is why it was located in the Kaliningrad region. However the European Union introduced a 6.5% customs duty on PET. ! erefore, we are now not very competitive in terms of price in Europe.

In Russia, there is also a need for our product, but Chinese enterprises “try” to oust our polymer from the Russian market. ! e import duty for PET products from third countries is 4%. We’ve been discussing the issue of increasing it with the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. As it is di$ cult for Russian enterprises to compete with the Chinese ones, which have very low costs due to the cheapness of labor. In addition, they build huge integrated enterprises that exclude logistics.

! at being said, if we talk about our Russian company, technology, equipment, raw materials – everything we have is of foreign origin. ! e enterprise is low margin, from 3 to 5%, and we are tied to the exchange rate and oil quotes. It is essential to solve the problem of customs duty and build factories

producing raw materials, especially since it is very in demand in the world.

– When it comes to an enterprise such as yours, it is impossible to ignore the green topic. How harmful are PET products for the environment? Is recycling possible? Are there any studies to reduce environmental risks?

– One of the most modern treatment facilities in the world operate on the territory of our company. ! ere is a department of industrial safety and environmental control; water and air samples are studied several times a day in the laboratory. We are under the strict control of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Federal Service for Environmental, Technological, and Nuclear Supervision, Federal Nuclear and Radiation Safety Authority of Russia, etc.

! e issue with polyethylene terephthalate is that it takes up at least 500 years to decompose. It’s no secret that there is already a “polymer island” dri& ing in the ocean, comparable to France in terms of its territory.

Danone and PepsiCo have recently taken the initiative, saying that by 2025 all their plants will have switched to secondary raw materials. ! is is a questionable decision! Yes, the planet is littered with plastic, but it’s not a producer’s, it’s a consumer’s fault. And I’m against the use of recycled plastic in food containers. Polyethylene terephthalate can be used to make # ber threads, car parts, it was added to the asphalt as of late, and such roads already exist in Belgium. Recycled plastic is used to make sidewalks in Estonia. ! is is where it should be used! But the problem for Russia is that it will take us a very long time to organize the collection of recycled plastic.

Additives are being developed in the world to help reducing the time of polymer degradation. We keep monitoring them. Japan, Britain and India have such additives commercially available, but they are very expensive. We can use them, and then bottle manufacturers can give this information on the label. But it will work in Japan, but not in Russia yet. ! e cost of the bottle will be several times higher, and our population is not so rich and conscientious now. We have quotes from manufacturers, for example from India, where these additives are made from herbal raw materials. ! ey reduce polyethylene terephthalate decomposition time to 100 years. But it’s still a very long time. And it’s expensive!

Mankind can’t do without plastic containers today. Now it’s fashionable to take plastic bags out of stores and replace them with paper ones. But paper is made of wood, so the bene# ts for nature are questionable. ! ere are suggestions to replace bags with reusable bags, but they are not made of linen and cotton, but of the same PET thread... We must follow the path of improving technology, which should result in a cheap and e" ective technology for PET degradation.

" e interview was taken by Elena Alexandrova

IN THE FIRST PERSON

24


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25

In'2021 the Kaliningrad company, Ushakovo Yards, together with the

Kaliningrad State Technical University will launch the " rst electric car and passenger ferry, which is currently under construction in the Kaliningrad region. For 8 years the Ushakovo Yards company has been building steel displacement yachts of Real Ships series, passenger, " shing and other commercial vessels, and has created a fully ecological houseboat “Voyage” which allows to live and go on long trips on water all year round. ! e company builds all vessels according to Dutch best practices, meets the standards of the European Union, obtains the CE certi" cate a% er construction is completed; and most of its employees were trained at renowned shipyards in the Netherlands. We talked about future projects, ecology trends and new technologies in the interview of Russian Business Guide with Victor Lider, Founder and Head of Ushakovo Yards LLC.

– One of the latest projects of the Ushakovo Yards company is the houseboat “Voyage” – a house on water; you declare it to be 100% “green”, which means completely ecological. Could you please tell us, what alternative technologies have you used in its construction?

– Yes, exactly: the task of this project was to o" er the market a modern ship, which uses new eco-technologies to the maximum possible extent and meets the requirements of

the most advanced consumers. Steel hull made of Krupp shipbuilding steel; strong and warm superstructure made of high-technology multilayer panels; 2 electric motors as engines; 20 solar panels for power generation; park of running accumulators, allowing to pass 5- 6-hour transfers in di$ cult conditions; water/water heat pump, feeding warm % oors in all rooms; gas storage for biogas refueling (for cooker, grill and gas # replace) bacteria in the faecal tank, and many other small things. ! e most eco-friendly materials have been used in interior solutions, ranging from external # nishing by heat-treated ash tree to zero emission laminate.

Panoramic windows in all rooms with minimum heat transfer coe$ cient give the best views, and the sauna made of linden and juniper will allow you to relax a& er a working day. New technologies above all must be comfortable.

Let me not hide that the ultimate goal of this project is to enter the European market. Ecological approach is in trend there, and living on the water with the possibility of traveling around the water areas is fashionable.

– Do environmentally friendly boats already begin to replace yachts that use traditional fuel on the yachtbuilding market? Or is it still a long way from that? What trends can be seen here?

– ! at is not yet the case, but trends are certainly developing towards alternative energy sources and environmentally friendly technologies. Now every self-respecting shipyard is to some extent working on development in this area. Over the past few years, a considerable amount of investments has been made in the development of the hydrogen fuel cell. Lots of people try to use solar, wind and water energy. ! ese technologies, of course, are our future.

House on water is not our last eco-

development, we have decided to continue building ships using alternative energy sources. At the end of 2019, the Russian Ministry of Industry announced a tender for a research and development project to create an environmentally friendly electric-passenger ferry. ! e Kaliningrad State Technical University (KSTU) won this tender as a contractor, and Ushakovo Yards was honoured to be a co-executor. Now the # rst stage of realization is under way: we design, cut metal, prepare rigging and start assembling sections. ! e ferry will be built, tested and handed over to the customer by the end of the next year.

– What are the criteria to be followed when buying a yacht? What kind of vessels in your opinion are not worth buying?

– It is di$ cult to advise from a conceptual point of view. ! e youth want speed, middle age people are looking for romance, mature yachtsmen demand comfort, and an old whale wants to see the yachting world from a good yacht club restaurant. ! at’s why they have completely di" erent requirements for a boat.

From a technical point of view, however, I would recommend a category A or B motor steel displacement yacht with a hybrid engine. It is perfect for walks, trips or long expeditions. It o" ers a su$ ciently high level of comfort on board and also retains its initial cost for a long time and is very economical in terms of fuel consumption.

Yacht romance is exciting, but when a person is on board of a yacht or houseboat, they always have the best views and a constant change of scenery. Every sunrise, every sunset, a new and unique view from the window are always positive emotions that increase our mood and vitality. Nowadays, people are ready to give an arm and a leg for that.

Lara Sergina

USHAKOVO YARDS: VOYAGE TO THE FUTURE

26


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27

INDUSTRIAL PARK ECOBALTIC: A REMEDY AGAINST THE CRISIS

The antiseptic Miramistin has become one of the most popular OTC medicinal product, which Russians purchase during the period of

coronavirus infection pandemic. In the " rst quarter of 2020, it reached the top of pharmacy sales. ! e drug is produced by Infamed K in Ecobalti(, Kaliningrad, the most western industrial park of the country. Six years ago there was no pharmaceutical industry as such in the Kaliningrad region. Today it has reached a multi-billion turnover, and is growing not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively. A full-) edged pharmaceutical cluster is gradually being formed on the basis of Ecobaltic.

“! e pandemic has shown that medicinal product safety is no less important than food safety! Import substitution, localization of production chains is not a whim, but a matter of survival. Many countries now facing a shortage of medical masks, lung ventilators, antiseptics and other pharmaceuticals are going to restore pharmacology to the national framework. We have joined the process, which became a global trend,” said Andrey Gorokhov, Co-owner of Miramistin brand and one of the founders of Ecobaltic.

! e industrial park is located in Bagrationovsk. ! e # rst production started here at the end of 2014, it was a workshop for production of # nished liquid dosage forms. Last year an important event took place, a& er which, in fact, we can talk about the birth of the pharmaceutical cluster. In October, a plant producing API was put into operation.

! e raw materials used to produce medicines are mainly imported by Russia from China, India and other countries. ! e Bagrationovsky API plant has become a step towards drug independence.

Today, the Kaliningrad pharma has established the key links of the technological chain in the region, having arranged the “from raw materials to packaging” production of drugs. ! e plans include the construction of a second solution plant in Ecobaltics. Miramistin has been a stable member of the top 10 best-selling drugs in the commercial segment of the Russian market over the last years. ! is year the demand for the drug has increased even more, in March the demand growth reached 300%, recently, the drug has become the leader of pharmacy sales in Russia. Of course, this demand is caused not by the market, but by the rush around antiseptics because of the situation with COVID-19. Along with the decline of entire industries in Kaliningrad, the workshops of the industrial park and allied companies have increased the number of shi& s and switched to twenty-four-hour work.

“In the light of the recent events, it became clear that decision to enlarge the areas and facilities was absolutely justi# ed for Ecobaltic. Over the past two years, the expanding and

diversifying area for production has grown to 59 hectares. ! e investment program which amounts to 3.5 billion rubles assumes, for example, the creation of a GDP warehouse of # nished medical products with an area of 18,000 square meters and a separate unit of electron-ray sterilization. ! e warehouse will be the largest within a 500 km radius, including the territories of Poland and Lithuania. We are going to be a large distributor,” says Anton Boyko, Head of the Baltfarmatsevtika company, which manages Ecobaltic.

! e pharmaceutical cluster is impossible without its own scienti# c and educational base. R&D laboratory is planned to be set up in Bagrationovsky Industrial Park. With regard to its own personnel, Infamed K, a resident of Ecobaltic, has signed an agreement with Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, which has begun training chemists for the substance workshop.

Any production can become its resident, as long as it is environmentally friendly. Ecobaltic is proud of the fact that the local stream a& er draining industrial e' uents is cleaner than it was at the entrance! ! e projects in the # eld of medical devices and internet technologies are under consideration today. ! e whole engineering infrastructure has been prepared with a reserve and continues to prepare for localization of new production facilities.

However, the main line of the business platform development is related to the production of medicines and medical devices.

“Ecobaltic was created taking into account the international scale. We already provide medicines to Russia and CIS countries, and we plan to enter large international markets. Our medicines are now registered in the European Union. China, Iran, Vietnam, Peru and African countries are interested in them. In the coming years, the pharmaceutical industry will be intensively developing all over the world. We already have agreements with foreign contract platforms, but Ecobaltic is our % agship. ! e business park has a good chance to use the emerging opportunities,” says Igor Orgeev, Managing Director of Infamed K.

28


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29

POBEDINSKOYE AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE – THE PEARL OF THE KALININGRAD REGION

“One rich man once was told that there are 3 ways to go bankrupt: gambling, women and the third – to be engaged in agriculture,” jokes Nikolai Martyushev, Director General of the ZAO Pobedinskoye agricultural enterprise in an interview to our magazine. For 25 years Pobedinskoye has been supplying excellent quality milk and meat to almost all districts of the Kaliningrad region; in Moscow stores you can " nd its products under the brands of “Zalessky farmer” and “AO Moloko”. We have already talked to Nikolay Vasilyevich in 2018. In this interview with the Russian Business Guide he touched upon the economic crisis and told us what has changed over the past 2 years and also about the impact of climate on agriculture.

– $ e territory of ZAO Pobedinskoye of 4114 hectares includes arable land, hay! elds, pastures and a garden. Each year your farm gives more than 6000 tons of milk, you also produce meat, grain and fodder for animals. Have the quantitative indicators of the enterprise changed recently?

– ZAO Pobedinskoye is the # rst in the Kaliningrad Region in terms of the number of private cows. ! e enterprise also produces grain and mixed fodder, part of which we sell, and the rest we use for our own needs and needs of employees. In 2019 we have got 6600 liters of milk from each cow, milled 9 thousand tons of grain, 5 of them were sold.

– What do you mean when you talk about the needs of employees of ZAO Pobedinskoye?

– Almost all my workers have their own small farm, they breed poultry, cows. ! at’s how it’s supposed to be in the village. It is very bad if the villagers have to go to the store for milk, eggs, cucumbers, potatoes and other products.

I give free hay to each worker for two cows and in total 500 kg of grain or mixed feed for choice. My company is pro# table; the pro# tability is 27%. Why not give free of charge in gratitude for a good job? ! e better a person lives, the more free time he has for self-development.

We also provide free planting and cultivation of vegetable gardens to workers and pensioners: we develop the # eld, transport manure, we weed, plant, operate diggers. An owner of the farm is just required to bring seeds, and later in the autumn to harvest.

– What breeds of cattle do you raise?– On the territory of ZAO Pobedinskoye

there is a breeding plant for black-and-white

breeds of cows. My tasks are to buy Russian and imported semen of high-yielding bulls, keep the herd, get calves up to 80% and sell 10% of the pedigree stock of cows every year. ! e price of meat has remained at the same level for 5 years, so the meat production is becoming more and more unpro# table. So the main emphasis is on milk production.

– Two years ago, you spoke about plans to build a loose housing cattle farm. Have you succeeded in implementing your plans? What di& culties did you encounter in the process?

– Between 2018 and 2019, I have built two farms, but of tie-up housing type. A loose housing one requires a whole complex, which costs a lot of money. I’ve studied this topic in detail. I’ve looked at both types of farms. ! e pros and cons are everywhere.

When cows are tied up, they are kept in a barn in winter. When the weather is warm, from May to mid-September the cattle are sent to pasture. Summer milking equipment with cooling is installed there. Summer milk is the best in quality and cheaper in cost.

– As a farmer manager, how do you feel about climate change? Do you think that the climate can fundamentally change the conditions of agribusiness and livestock breeding in the coming years? And how can melioration help here?

– Melioration has always had a huge role in any climate and in any state. Agriculture is highly dependent on melioration, and the Kaliningrad region in particular. Whatever is the climate – warm, moderate, cold – the # eld must be meliorated. ! is is especially true in the Slavsk district, as the land here is below sea level.

Being a human, I am glad that the climate has become warmer, but I am not glad that

winters are warm. During the cold period of this year there were a lot of rains, only 10 days have passed without them – we were just like frogs. I would like winter to be snowy and up to 10 degrees of frost.

As a farmer I must say, the last year was the best in my practice: it was moderately rainy in summer, the weather was warm, winter crops in 2018-2019 survived well. As a result, we got an excellent harvest: up to 60 centners of wheat per circle, 3.5 tons of pure rapeseed, this allowed us to get a considerable pro# t.

But the most important thing was the family climate: peace, understanding and well-being in the family. ! ey help to move forward and realize all plans.

By the way, we usually sow in April, and this year the temperature in the Kaliningrad region allowed us to do it already in March. ! e weather is getting warmer, but it is cold on my chest.

– Why cold?– I have been working as a Director

General of ZAO Pobedinskoye for almost 28 years. And neither storms nor crises have broken us, I hope that the current crisis will end for us with little loss. ! e reason for it isn’t just the coronavirus pandemic.

We have 80% of imported machinery, which requires repair and fuel of European quality. Euro is becoming more expensive – the purchase costs are increasing, and the price of milk from mid-March went down by more than 4 rubles, from May 6 – for 6 rubles. ! e pro# tability is going down, while the cost price is going up.

It’s getting harder to make ends meet. And the employees feel it. Everything is getting more expensive in stores, and, unfortunately, I have no opportunity to increase my salary.

" e conversation was initiated by Lara Sergina

IN THE FIRST PERSON

30


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WCF-2020 in Zelenogradsk is a great place for meetings with friends, romantic dates and fun family activities. ! e site in Zelenogradsk allows to hold # reworks of a large-scale level. Spectators are invited to come and see everything nearby, because the pyrotechnic show seen with own eyes can # ll with inspiration and give unbelievable emotions.

Synchronization of modern music, salvo energy and colorful pictures of exploding lights. ! e work of pyrotechnicians is an art, starting with creation of a scenario by designers, and # nishing with adjustment of equipment and connection of each wiring.

According to the annual terms of the contest, the performances of participants of the # reworks championship should re% ect the national % avour. ! e teams will come not only to compete and make a name for themselves, but also to impress the Kaliningrad audience, since delight is the best award for pyrotechnics!

Street food zone will work there during the days of show. ! e audience will also enjoy performances of famous Kaliningrad music bands, Russian and foreign pop singers and interactive events with animators: contests, photography, games and many other activities.

! e event arranger is the KHAN # reworks center - a company that specializes in launching professional # reworks and has won many awards in international festivals in Russia, France, Korea, Germany and other countries. As part of the show, the team of the center will show the # nal grand # reworks. For 27 years KHAN has been creating unique pyrotechnic performances. It always strives to give unforgettable emotions to the audience, because they consider # reworks to be a real art.

You can buy the tickets at #$%.&% or ! reworkschampionship.com.

Lara Sergina

8O%-2020:

) -)$+45# 0#R' K#"#0'$&-74.- (-1$&-#5 S&.1/1 .&-4.-/1

WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP OF FIREWORKS-2020:

THE SKY OF ZELENOGRADSK WILL SPARKLE BRIGHT IN AUGUST

Teams of pyrotechnicians from France, China, Lithuania, Spain, Poland and Australia will compete for the " rst prize at the 5th

World Championship of Fireworks (WCF) on August 22 and 29 on the Baltic Sea coast in Zelenogradsk (Kaliningrad region). As the organizers of the event believe, performances of the participants from other continents will impress every spectator.

31

4,7g7%38% )#575%*# RUSSIAN BUSINESS GUIDE!

&FDBCNC? bJA@AYCC – DF@AY DEAHABAZ TCDGC YHFTEFG INHFGK.,AQHAIFU APHFGK QHCHAEK SE?@O?NIO QABK_?GGA? BGCUFGC? GF YAISEFHINB?GGAU SHABG?.$FVCGFO I 2019 YAEF H?F@CDS?NIO GFXCAGF@WGKZ QHA?JN «^JA@AYCO» – IFUKZ UFI_NFRGKZ QHA?JN QA IAPHFG?GCL QHCHAEGKP H?ISHIAB B GAB?Z_?Z CINAHCC &AIICC, C ST? I?YAEGO UATGA QAEB?INC Q?HBK? CNAYC.[F bNA BH?UO @CJBCECHABFGA 16 G?IFGJXCAGCHABFGGKP IBF@AJ B YHFGCXFP YAHAEAB, Q@AMFEW @?IABAIINFGAB@?GCO IAINFBC@F 1,1 U@G YF. ,Q?HBK? DF EA@YA? BH?UO H?YCAGK DFJSQC@C QAHOEJF 15 NKIOV ?ECGCX @?IAQATFHGAZ C @?IAPADOZINB?GGAZ N?PGCJC C ARAHSEABFGCO.5FJT? DF QHA_@KZ YAE B HFUJFP FJXCC QA SRAHJ? BAEA\UAB C CP R?H?YAB «,AEF &AIICC», QHABAECUAZ 3CGQHCHAEK &a B HFUJFP GFXCAGF@WGAYA QHA?JNF «^JA@AYCO», RA@?? 800 000 V?@AB?J AVCINC@C QAHOEJF 3400 BAEGKP ARc?JNAB QA BI?Z INHFG?. 5FJCU ARHFDAU, I?YAEGO UK UAT?U YABAHCNW A JFV?INB?GGAU S@SV_?GCC bJA@AYCV?IJAZ JS@WNSHK B INHFG?.^NAN GAU?H TSHGF@F QAIBOM?G bJA@AYCC, VNA B AV?H?EGAZ HFD E?UAGINHCHS?N GFU BFTGAINW C FJNSF@WGAINW EFGGAZ N?UK BA BI?U UCH?.

4>J>FH= <=>=?@JP_ =AFK=F?I> `C?L?R>>

&?FF>^FC?^ DA@A=EW>> .G>H=>^ 0?UPLC>J

DEAR READERS OF RUSSIAN BUSINESS GUIDE!

! e development of ecology is the key to a healthy life of the country’s citizens.

! e issues of nature protection are given increased attention at the state level.

Starting from 2019, the national project Ecology is being implemented – the largest project to conserve natural resources in the recent history of Russia, and today we can summarize the # rst results.

Over this period, 16 unauthorized land# lls were eliminated within the boundaries of cities, the area of reforestation amounted to 1.1 million hectares, for the # rst time in a long

period the regions purchased about 15 thousand units of # re-# ghting and forestry machinery and equipment.

Also, over the past year, as part of the Water of Russia campaign to clean water bodies and their shores, conducted by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation as part of the national project Ecology, more than 800,000 people cleaned about 3,400 water bodies throughout the country. ! us, today we can talk about a qualitative improvement in the ecological culture in the country.

! is issue of the magazine is devoted to environmental protection, which once again demonstrates the importance and relevance of this topic around the world.

Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Dmitry Kobylkin

32


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– Mr. Varakin, the Volga Association of Users and Recyclers of Natural Resources (the PAPP, in Russian) is a brand new organization, which was registered only last year in August. Such associations do not arise without a request for unity and speci! c services from potential members. What were the circumstances which led to the establishment of your company in this case?

– The year 2017, declared as the Year of Ecology, was accompanied by the growth of infrastructure for collection, transportation, processing and utilization of waste. In the course of the complex “garbage reform”, the state apparatus has developed ways to finance this area, partly laying the burden on producers and importers of products.

One of the main goals of the reform is the development of waste processing, recycling of waste into production cycle and thus reducing amount of waste coming to land# lls.

Due to urgency of the problem of environmental degradation and the development of environmental duty practices in Russia, the signi# cant attention to these issues paid by the government of the region and the country and experience of members of the PAPP as autonomous specialized organizations which face daily imperfections and problems in various areas of this industry are of great importance. ! is served as a basis for establishing the Association as an e" ective mechanism for structuring and optimizing the waste management process,

uniting, supporting and developing the waste management industry.

– How many members are involved in the PAPP today? Who can become a member of the Association and under what conditions? What bene! ts do members get from participating in this association?

– Any enterprise, whose activity is related to some of the activities bellow, can become a member of the Association. Such activities may be:� production or import of products/goods

(their packaging) which require utilization in case of loss of consumer properties - Waste Generators;� collection, transportation, utilization

MIKHAIL VARAKIN: “THE PLANET IS OUR HOME, AND IT IS OUR DUTY TO TAKE CARE OF IT AND KEEP IT CLEAN”

We live in the time of innovation and in the age of technology.

We o% en forget about the environment and the negative

consequences that can happen to this planet. ! e Volga Association of Users and Recyclers of Natural

Resources seeks to strike the balance between involuntary

damage to the environment and its compensation. Its members encourage the development of

mechanisms and measures aimed at improving the environment.

Mikhail Vadimovich Varakin, President of the Volga

Association of Users and Recyclers of Natural Resources

told us more in the interview to our magazine.

34 OFFICIALLY

35

and recycling of waste (Waste Treatment Industry) – Recyclers.

For the # rst category, there is a program for waste utilization with full tracking of the waste management chain. Waste management audits are carried out, environmental documentation is developed, instructions are approved and there are not only plans on negative impact reduction, but also programs to improve general environmental situation in the region.

For the second category, there have been developed investment programs; the # nancing goes directly from the Association, contributing to support and development. Modern and best available waste disposal technologies are also being introduced. Normative and technical documentation is being developed, agreed and implemented and a comprehensive record is being kept.

! e Association, in turn, is responsible for its members to environmental regulatory authorities.

! e PAPP members are specialized organizations working in the # eld of ecology, having rich and positive experience in various areas starting with design, development, maintenance, and ending with collection, transportation, processing, recycling and disposal of waste. Together this all provides a complete cycle of the waste management process. Taking into account the speci# cs of this area and the continuity of the process, cooperation and coordinated work of each of the involved organizations is the key to quality work.

In the age of technological progress, the development of recycling technologies gives waste a “second life”. Nowadays, the establishment of new plants and production facilities for processing and manufacturing of products from recycled materials is a positive fact, which in turn inevitably causes a shortage of raw materials. ! is fact is aggravated by improper ful# llment of legal requirements by recyclers in terms of documentation of their waste management activities (collection, processing/recycling and sales), which certainly complicates or makes the full-scale activities of recyclers impossible.

We endeavor to mobilize the core resources of the member organizations of the Association, by encouraging them to interact with each other on better terms, creating the attractive environment for development.

" is approach inevitably guarantees:� increase and optimization of the supplied

raw materials for plants and recyclers;� provision of services for the development

of regulatory (pro# le) documentation, projects and reports on preferential terms;� full or partial environmental support of

enterprises on unique conditions;� investment support for projects related to

environmental improvement, enlargement or modernization of production, as well as

the development of entrepreneurship in the # eld of ecology;� support at the stage of sales of recycled

materials or products;� ensuring transparency of interaction

between industry organizations;� support and assistance to new/small

recycling entrepreneurs at all stages of their activities;� stimulation of interaction between

organizations within the Association for the supply and sale of secondary raw materials, provision of specialized services, etc;� and what is most important, a signi# cant

reduction in the economic burden on manufacturers and importers by ful# lling the environmental duty standard.

– What services do you o# er to companies and enterprises?

– In the process of work, we have faced a huge problem of non-compliance with environmental laws, misunderstanding, lack of quali# ed employees and a gross violation of the work% ow (registration, reporting, etc.). Due to these problems, signi# cant sanctions and # nes in case of detection of violations, a huge part of processing companies intentionally work “underground”, especially small business. ! is inevitably leads to negative consequences for environment, economy and the volume of raw materials supplied and, as a result, the ful# lment of the environmental duty standard.

Within the framework of the Association, we strive to support small businesses, in particular recyclers, by completely o$ cial registration in accordance with the current requirements of environmental legislation of the Russian Federation, with subsequent support and assistance in obtaining the material and sale of secondary raw materials.

For manufacturers, membership in the Association results in a signi# cant reduction of environmental costs through environmental duty, waste utilization and the use of recycled materials.

– For whom is full or partial replacement of the environmental service applicable?

– Environmental support is bene# cial for each enterprise, as it allows not only to optimize the time spent on environmental reports, but also to reduce # nancial costs in terms of negative impact on the environment (NEI).

We cannot omit the fact that the environmental issues at the enterprise are o& en managed by people of the “old formation”, who # nd it di$ cult to adjust to modern, actively developing norms and standards. In practice, many enterprises when joining the Association signi# cantly reduce their environmental costs a& er the # rst audit.

By joining the Association, the organization has a unique proposal, namely:

� full environmental support to the company;� training/re-certi# cation of employees;� development and maintenance of all

the regulatory and pro# le documents with subsequent reporting to the supervisory authorities;� environmental reporting (NEI declaration,

regional waste inventory, No. 2-TP (waste), No. 4-OC, environmental duty, determination of waste hazard class, etc.);� carrying out an audit of an enterprise

to identify all possible violations, both actual and potential, and preparing ways to eliminate them with the minimal costs and consequences;� legal support - preparation, support and

submission of reports;� signi# cant reduction of risks in the

framework of complex support;� feedback 7 days a week, without

weekends.

– $ e list of your partners includes organizations and associations established for the purpose of environmental protection. What is the nature of your cooperation?

– ! ese organizations are the best in their # eld. ! eir experience and professionalism is con# rmed by many years of work. As I have already noticed, work in the # eld of waste management requires an integrated approach, only in this case it is possible to really qualitatively perform the tasks without negative consequences for both a customer and a contractor, and the environment. It is important to organize the obligations imposed on us in cooperation with reliable and trusted companies. ! ere are many negative examples of unfair and negligent attitude to the performance of these works in the news, the consequences of which are yet to be eliminated: such an approach, especially in our industry, is unacceptable.

– What do you see as the mission of the Volga Association of Users and Recyclers of Natural Resources? What are your strategic plans?

– One of the main missions is to reduce the load on landfills, to support and to develop the infrastructure for collecting, transporting, processing and recycling of waste, promoting recycling and improving the environmental situation in the region, development and promotion of the implementation of environmental duty standards, transparency in the management of waste at all stages, from collection and formation to the final production of goods, as well as reducing the load on production and import in terms of environmental payments, support of specialized bodies in the field of environmental protection.

OFFICIALLY 35

36


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– Could you please tell us in stages, how is built your activity from mining to land reclamation? What does the method of reclamation depend on?

– Development of mineral deposits is a complex of interrelated processes of mining production. ! ere are two ways of mining in the world: open pit and underground. We work in open-pit mining due to the speci# cs of Mansurovsky quarry. ! is is an undeniable advantage as open-pit mining is less time consuming and has a wider range of applications. ! e quarry equipment is much more productive than the underground one, and the open-pit method is safer, because during the working process in coal mines and underground mines people die annually.

! e main purpose of mine development is to provide raw materials for industrial production. Mansurovskoye Karyeroupravleniye uses the

following scheme when extracting minerals. First, a fertile layer of soil is obtained and stockpiled from the # eld. ! en the overburden works are carried out - the clay layer located under the mineral reserves is removed and only then the sand-gravel mixture is extracted. ! e extracted material is processed at our crushing and sizing plant, then non-metallic building materials are produced: crushed stone and sand of various fractions.

As development progresses, reclamation is immediately carried out on the worked out fields. The method of recultivation depends on the deposit. Features of Mansurovsky deposit in Istrinsky District of Moscow Region are such that part of sand-gravel mass has to be extracted from under water. That is why there are water reservoirs on the place of mined-out areas of the quarry. And if there are

water reservoirs, why not to keep and cultivate fish here? That’s why we decided to create a fish hatchery on the basis of Mansurovskoye Karyeroupravleniye.

– Your enterprise has been operating since 1982. How have the technologies that you use changed since then?

– In the early 2000s, the crushing and screening plant was modernized, as a result of which the technological scheme for processing raw materials improved. New, technically improved equipment with higher productivity was installed. It made possible to obtain products of higher quality: sand, crushed stone and dry mixtures. ! e most important about it was the removal of sand from the sand-gravel composition directly at the factory and its subsequent delivery to the # nished product warehouse. Due to this, it was

“FISH BUSINESS IS VERY PROMISING, BUT THERE ARE MANY PECULIARITIES IN IT”ZAO Mansurovskoye Karyeroupravleniye (ZAO MKU) is a multi# eld construction and industrial complex, the main activity of which is full cycle of production of construction materials: from mining, processing and creation of mixtures and materials to delivery of the # nished products to the customer. Mansurovsky Fish Hatchery (MRH) operates on the basis of the enterprise. It is one of the few # sh farms in Russia which keeps # sh according to all the ecological norms. It cooperates with the best establishments of Moscow (Seventh Heaven, Oblomov, Arkadiy Novikov restaurants), elite # sh shops. Ordinary people also have an opportunity to order fresh-caught # sh with delivery to their homes. Oleg Anshakov, the Chief Fishmonger of MRH, told us about land reclamation, # sh hatchery development and rules of ecological # sh maintenance in his interview to Russian Business Guide.

Oleg ANSHAKOV:

SUCCESS INDEX

39

possible to exclude the sand hydrotransport system and its washing on the beach from the technological scheme, considerably to reduce the water consumption in the recycled water supply system.

– Russia is one of the main suppliers of ! sh products in the world. Fish business is pro! table. However, breeding, as opposed to ! shing in natural water bodies requires huge investments, and is full of di& culties. Could you please tell us how you see your position on the market?

– Fish farming really takes a huge investment. ! e amount needed depends on the organization of the # sh farm. ! e contribution is tens of millions of rubles.

! e # sh business is very promising, but there are many peculiarities in it. If you expect a big and fast pro# t at once, as well as high pro# tability, you’d better not even try this activity. ! e # rst income can appear in 2-3 years.

It took us 5 years to achieve certain success. Over the years, we have completely worked out the technology of # sh farming in this # eld, gained a sta" of experienced

professionals, achieved an increase in the production of valuable # sh from 6 tons per year to about 110 tons. And today, our products are very demanded on the market because of their high quality.

– What are the conditions for keeping ! sh so that neither to damage its health nor the health of the person who will subsequently eat it?

– Only under favorable environmental conditions, # sh, like any other living organism, grow and develop normally. ! erefore, the study of aquatic habitat is mandatory when assessing the reservoir as a # sh farmland: a # sh-biological substantiation is developed, which is a set of measures to learn about the state of the reservoir (its full hydrological, hydrochemical characteristics and optimal use). A& er that, a certain type of # sh is selected for maintenance and cultivation.

Such important external factors as temperature and oxygen regime, chemical composition of the water belong to the properly selected conditions of # sh keeping. Feeding the # sh also plays an important role. ! e feed should be provided according

to regulations. Insu$ cient feeding or overfeeding has a negative e" ect and can lead to various diseases.

! e health of # sh in natural water bodies is particularly dependent on the quality of the aquatic environment, as it is common to dump production wastes containing harmful chemical compounds, which have a negative impact on aquatic life. Harmful substances can accumulate in # sh making it no longer suitable for food.

– Where is your main consumer located? – Our products are sold to both individuals

and business. ! e major consumers are located in Istra and in Moscow. Mansurovsky Fish Hatchery in Istra is the only large enterprise of the industry which is engaged in cultivation of high-quality ecological # sh from fry to large species.

Actually, there is not many good # sh on the market. Many enterprises strive to reduce production costs through the use of lower quality feeds and higher planting density. ! is leads to diseases for which antibiotics are used. And this in turn a" ects the quality of # sh products.

SUCCESS INDEX

40


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+"*,-.'

42


SUCCESS INDEX

Is(there life without plastic waste? ! e head of the eco-holding Umnaya SREDA, Alexey Chekhranov, is sure of this. In 2016, his company developed its own technology for preparing a polymer-sand mixture, which allows

recycling products from recycled plastic into outdoor furniture of any size. To date, more than 1020 objects (house territories, children's and sports grounds) are equipped with benches, urns and SREDA planters.! e company plans to open a franchise of 100 recycling and production plants in Russia in two years and signi# cantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the decomposition of waste from synthetic polymers. We talked about the “second life” of plastic and the environmentally friendly business of the Umnaya SREDA holding with its founder and director Alexey Chekhranov.

– Alexey, you also work in the construction industry, and you successfully managed the sea transport port of Dalzavod-Terminal CJSC in the past. What prompted you to step into the sphere of ecology?

– Having been working in the port for 8 years, I have gone from various positions up to the position of CEO. It was a stage that was successfully completed, and I began to develop in the direction of my own business.

From childhood I was always told that work should be bene# cial to people. My parents are an example: father is a physical education teacher, mother is a general practitioner. I personally faced the problem of pollution with household waste when I started to manage the land# ll for solid household waste near the village of Chernomorskoye in Crimea. ! en I noticed the scale of the discarded plastic bags and

packaging # lm that were scattered due to the wind, which repeatedly littered streets and residential areas, and for the # rst time I thought about ways to transform this waste into something useful. So, the idea was born to create a plastic recycling holding.

– Where do you get recyclables from?– We purchase raw materials from

regional operators involved in the collection and sorting of garbage. They are in almost every city. We also work with activists. In Moscow, for example, one of our partners is the Razdelniy Sbor movement, which provides us with waste under the Sobirator project.

Each plant of the Umnaya SREDA eco-holding recycles more than 4.5 tons of plastic per month, therefore, to ensure this volume of raw materials we need constant,

reliable suppliers. It happens that volunteers themselves bring us packages and # lm for production, we are always welcome such “gi& s”. It should be clari# ed that hard plastic should not be given to us, because before recycling it needs preliminary crushing – a procedure that we do not carry out.

We are sometimes asked why we ourselves do not collect garbage. ! e fact is that regional operators carry out their business task – collection and sorting, and we do our own – recycling and production. If we take on their work, then the companies will cease to receive part of the pro# t and begin to lose interest in their activities.

! us, the Umnaya SREDA holding plays an important closing role in the recycling chain. A& er all, the goal of separate collection and sorting of garbage should be its # nal competent use.

Eco-holding UMNAYA SREDA:“SECOND LIFE” OF PLASTIC ON CITY STREETS

43SUCCESS INDEX

– What recycling technologies do you use?– We use polymer-sand (PS) recycling

technology. It has been known for several decades. But before our company, no production organization could produce durable and long products using this technology, most o& en the range was limited to tiles, that is, not to large-sized products. ! e problem is that the preparation of a standard PS mixture is based on grinding the polymer, and during this procedure, the reinforced properties are lost. Production of long thin products in this way is impractical: they fall apart.

! e Umnaya SREDA holding also worked on the standard technology for the # rst time, until a large order was received for the production of grape pillars, and we decided that it was time to try changing the technology. ! e aspect ratio has been changed. Now our products consist of 70-75% of river sand and 25-30% of a plastic mixture: high- and low-pressure polyethylene, various types of plastic and stretch # lm – they serve as a connecting link and give elasticity. For durability, heat-resistant dye is applied to objects.

! e di" erence and uniqueness of our technology is that we can make products of any shape and size, not limited to small-sized ones. Our bench rails are up to 2.5 m in length, one can withstand up to 80 kg of weight on the de% ection.

– On the holding’s website, you noted that you intend to open more than 100 franchise eco-plants by 2021. How do you plan to do this?

– Yes, this is our goal for the coming years: in order to build the Umnaya SREDA plant in at least every region of Russia, and not just one in cities with a million-plus population. We are developing according to the franchise model, on average we receive 30 requests per day from di" erent cities with the desire to open production, so our ambitious goal is quite achievable. For 2019, we found partners in Russia in 21 cities and one in Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan.

– What is the future of benches and urns a' er the expiration date?

– Bright. In fact, the benches have endless recycling. Even if something happens to the product, no matter – a& er 5 or 25 years, it must be modernized or disposed of and recycled. To do this, it will be enough to deliver it to any of our branches.

– How would you assess the environmental situation in Russia? Do you consider plastic waste pollution to be one of the most serious problems of the biosphere?

– Of course, plastic waste pollution is one of the consequences of human activity, which has a detrimental e" ect on the environment, and this is happening not only in Russia. In our o$ cial sources, we o& en write about this, give examples and statistics. For example, there is a hypothesis that by 2050 in the oceans there may be more plastic than # sh.

Greenpeace, a& er its latest research on the causes of death in the world, reported that air pollution is a more serious problem than it might seem, because in fact it kills more people every year than AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. According to the World Health Organization, 24% of deaths are due to strokes, 29% to lung cancer, 25% to cardiovascular diseases and 43% to other lung diseases.

Every year, a huge amount of carbon dioxide is emitted into the atmosphere, the concentration of which destroys the ozone layer. About a quarter of such emissions are absorbed by the seas, and the same amount is absorbed by land and trees. Land# ll gas, which is formed as a result of decomposition of organic substances and also containing carbon dioxide and methane, is also added to this volume. According to the calculations of the Federal Ministry of Environmental Protection, waste management reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 18 million tons per year – this corresponds to emissions of almost 8 million cars. Today, there is a huge gap between the growth of environmental problems and the actions that countries take to solve them.

In my opinion, the environmental situation in Russia is now at the stage of searching for new solutions and the stage of their implementation. On the territory of our country, of course, all

the necessary conditions have not yet been created for observing elementary rules for maintaining environmental safety. We have a long and serious way to go, but we are already embarking on it: people are gradually becoming aware of problems and understanding the need to discuss and make e" ective decisions. In particular, on the example of our company, we can distinguish several environmental problems that we solve:

– we get rid of plastic waste that has been dumped for centuries through recycling and production;

– we help to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere;

– we preserve trees because we do not use wood in production, and we create products that completely replace wooden counterparts for a longer period.

! us, Umnaya SREDA manufactures products familiar to humans, but eco-friendly and more durable in comparison with wood. We have created technology, a kind of know-how that allows you to make objects of any size with elastic properties and at the same time as strong as stone. In essence, we are able to produce anything from recycled materials, but at this stage we have chosen the direction of production of goods for urban improvement – the production of street furniture (bins, benches, and % owerpots). ! us, we form and develop the structure of processing and sorting of waste of a full cycle.

Now we are actively engaged in the realization of our products in each city. To provide cities with the necessary number of products, we work with dealers and look for them to expand the network, these can be both private entrepreneurs that we are ready to train, and organizations with experience in the # eld of improvement and sales of outdoor furniture that are ready to o" er favorable conditions. Also, this year we are going to expand the range to 40 positions. ! ese will be both familiar to us and the most unexpected models, for example deck boards (as our material is moisture resistant) or coatings and balustrades of embankments.

Interviewed by Lara Sergina

44


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46


It’s not the # rst decade that environmentalists have been raising the red % ag: the environment of rivers, reservoirs, lakes and ponds in many Russian regions, including Moscow, not only leaves much to be desired, but in general is very critical. Fortunately, the situation is not hopeless yet! Young science – ecobionics – can help us to improve it. Sergey Krivitsky, head of the Ecology and Nature Innovation Company, told us about it.

– Mr. Krivitsky, the deterioration of natural landscapes and water bodies due to anthropogenic load has become a problem in many countries, a# ecting many industrial areas of Russia, Moscow and the Moscow Region. Your company is engaged in the restoration of the troubled eco-balance of water bodies and wading areas. What, in your opinion, is their condition in Moscow and the region?

– Problems related to the protection and restoration of the sustainable ecological condition of water bodies are now among the most important in the world. ! us, at the 2nd World Water Forum in ! e Hague in 2000, a number of important directions for future actions were de# ned: to satisfy basic human needs for safe drinking water and favorable hygienic conditions; to ensure food security through more e$ cient use of water resources; to protect ecosystems and ensure their integrity through sustainable water resources management.

At the UN World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg # ve key problems of the human transition to sustainable development, i.e. comfortable living of people on this planet, were formulated in such an order: water and sewerage, energy, health, agriculture, biodiversity.

It is no coincidence that water, the basis of all life on Earth, has been placed at the forefront of global environmental issues. According to the UN, by 2025, half the world’s population will su" er from the shortage of fresh water. But, despite such negative forecast, the mankind constantly pollutes the world, pouring dirty drains into water bodies. ! ese drains reach gigantic proportions and cause pollution of water bodies thus causing perish of living organisms and plants.

As for this country, according to the

analysis published in the State Report “On the Condition and Protection of the Environment of the Russian Federation 2014”, the situation with the water bodies pollution is also unfavorable. Water discharge to water bodies in 2014 was about 44 km3 per year, about 35% (or 14 km3) of which were polluted and insu$ ciently puri# ed water.

If we consider the Moscow Region, we can refer to the report “On the state of natural resources and environment of the Moscow region in 2017.” ! e assessment of the state of water bodies was made according to the pollution degree.

! us, Istra and Ruzskoye reservoirs are determined as polluted waters.

Very polluted waters are waters of Mozhaisk and Ozerny reservoirs, the rivers Osetra, Oka (higher up Kashira), Protva, the Moscow River (higher up Zvenigorod).

Dirty waters are Ivankovo Reservoir, the rivers Dubna, Oka (in the town of Serpukhov and downstream Kashira, Kolomna), the Protva (downstream Vereya), the Nara River (near Naro-Fominsk and Serpukhov), the Yauza River and a number of others.

Very dirty waters are the Moskva river (near the village of Nizhneye Myachkovo, towns Voskresensk and Kolomna), the Pakhra River (from Podolsk to the estuary).

Extremely dirty waters are the Voimega River (downstream the town of Roshal).

And there is no category of “pure water” in the nature near Moscow any more...

– Contamination of water bodies may be mechanical, chemical, bacterial; mixed type is present in neglected cases. So what are they dangerous for? Of course, there are not many people who would like to experiment on themselves, having drunk water from water bodies near Moscow, but it is possible to receive serious health problems just living nearby?

– ! e main types of pollution a" ecting the biota (a historically formed set of species of living organisms) of water bodies are: industrial and solid waste, sewage, petroleum spills, atmospheric, thermal pollution. All these forms are very dangerous for humans. High pollution of fresh water suitable for use has a negative impact on life quality. Dirty water provokes pathological processes: cardiovascular disease, kidney stone disease and liver damage, gastrointestinal tract disorders, chronic disorders of the musculoskeletal system and so on. It can also provoke the spread of typhoid, cholera, dysentery, as well as endocrine system lesion and malignant tumor.

– $ e scienti! c-applied ! eld of which you engage in is called “ecobionics”. Tell us about it.

– ! e bioengineering technologies we are engaged in relate to the scienti# c-applied direction of “ecobionics”, which is relatively recently formed within the framework of bionics science. ! e Russian scientist Yu. T. Kaganov is the creator of the term, who has given the following de# nition: “Ecobionics is a new direction of modern engineering, connected with the use of fundamental laws of biological systems functioning for the development of new technical solutions.”

It should be noted that the list of priority areas of science, technology and engineering development in Russia, signed by the President in 2011, includes “bioengineering technologies”.

– Your company is engaged not only in practical restoration of water bodies and damaged coastal landscapes, but also in the development of bioengineering technologies. What kind of technologies? Are your inventions and ! ndings patented?

– Environmental bioengineering technologies take a special place in ecobiology. ! ey are closely related to both natural sciences (biology, ecology,

“ECOBIONICS HAS A GREAT FUTURE!”

Sergey Krivitsky, the Ecology and Nature Innovation Company:

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geography, geo-ecology) and engineering disciplines (hydrotechnics, reclamation, construction ecology). Ecobionics specialists are engaged in fundamental and applied scienti# c research of ecological rehabilitation of troubled landscapes and water bodies, develop and introduce new methods, means and technologies used for environmental protection, restoration and increase of biodiversity.

For a long time, we did not think much of patenting our developments: in Russia, the patent in the field of ecobionics was in a certain sense an “unfathomable figure”. Until recently, not many people believed in the efficiency of bioengineering technologies. We have a patent for the bioengineered wastewater treatment with plants, but it has not played a special role in the engineering practice of surface runoff treatment.

However, a& er 2017, the Year of the Ecology, the decision makers began to show interest in this subject, and our technologies became demanded. ! at is why we are now ready to patent individual bioengineering methods related to improvement of water quality in urban water bodies, as well as treatment of industrial runo" s.

At present, we prepare documents for patenting a method of ecological rehabilitation of water bodies under the nominal name “Living Systems”.

We have reached the world level of innovative technologies thanks to the Living Systems bioengineering technology, which is based on the natural hydro-ecosystem formation, providing that the living # ltering organisms and plants operate in such a way that create self-cleaning mechanisms. Such an approach with some di" erences exists, probably, only in the United States, where bioengineers work on ways to treat industrial wastewater using similar methods.

– Which of the projects implemented by your company in Moscow and the region do you consider the most successful? Have you ever worked outside the Moscow region?

– We believe that the most successful project is yet to come! But, of course, we have a number of successful works related to ecological restoration of water bodies in Moscow. ! ere was an interesting project on bioengineering protection of the Volga coast: we have proved to the customer that by applying our technologies on protection of the coast from erosion, he will save up to 30 million rubles when constructing coast protection facilities!

Now we work on the bioengineering sewage treatment project for water discharge from agricultural greenhouses used for growing vegetables in Lipetsk region. Nobody has performed such a work in Russia yet, we are pioneers here. Perhaps somewhere in Europe there are analogues, but we do not know them, and the Ecology

and Nature Innovation Company has a reason to consider its approach unique.

– What are the forecasts regarding the state of water bodies in the region and the country as a whole? What tendencies are being traced here?

– Here I refer to the State report “On the Condition and Protection of the Environment of the Russian Federation 2014”, from which it follows that a very alarming situation with the discharge of unpuri# ed sewage into water bodies leads to the total pollution of surface and many underground sources of water supply. According to scientists, the annual damage from pollution of water bodies in the early years of the 21st century averaged about 70 billion rubles, not to mention the enormous damage done to the health of people living near polluted water bodies.

– What administrative and legislative measures may need to be taken to reverse the process of ecosystems destruction?

– Well, nothing new must be taken! It is necessary to meet the requirements prescribed in a number of federal laws and regulatory documents, for example, the Code of Administrative O" ences (CAO).

However, we also know that, as noted M.). Saltykov-Shchedrin, “the severity of Russian laws is compensated by the fact that they do not necessarily have to be complied with...”

– What do you see your company’s mission?

– Frankly speaking, I never thought about our company’s mission before you asked me. We are simply passionate about our work, we are interested in creating something new, innovative, we have large-scale plans ahead, our specialists are happy to create and watch our brainchild in the form of bioengineering technology beginning to make its way through on the environmental technology market. Our employees see demand for what we do and they get “engineering and scienti# c aspirations”. ! ey write scienti# c articles, defend theses and dissertations. I am sure that ecobionics as a young applied science has a great future, and in 10-20 years (and hopefully much earlier!) our bioengineering technologies will be widely used both in situations of ecological rehabilitation of natural landscapes and water bodies, and in restoration of biodiversity.

" e interview is taken by Elena Alexandrova

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On April 14, 2020, a round table on the topic “In% uence of the Western standards on the implementation of innovations into the Russian industry: peculiarities of the domestic market development” will be organized in the Moscow Chamber of Commerce and Industry.Sergey Mamykin – PhD in Technical Sciences, Technical Director of innovative lubricants CUPPER tells our correspondent about peculiarities and problems in standardization of lubricants.

“THE STORY BEGAN IN 1993...”– ! e story began in 1993, before that

I could not even imagine that I would be engaged in lubricants production. I have a degree in electrical engineering, I am a designer of electric locomotives. But I almost never worked on the railway. I made military planes MiG-29 – the most modern at that time, and even nowadays. Perestroika started in the early 90’s. I t became absolutely not interesting to work, so I le& the factory and started to provide services for the railway. We provided services to reduce friction and wear, we reinforced the bu" ed away details of the cars. At that time, I got acquainted with Garkunov Dmitry Nikolaevich – Doctor of Science, the author of two scienti# c discoveries.

! e # rst discovery is called “Hydrogen Wear of Metals”. It is not friction or abrasive force that wears out the surfaces of mechanisms. ! e hydrogen that is emitted in the friction zone wears them out. ! e abrasive is the catalyst for this process, so it runs very quickly. It is hydrogen that wears out, destroying the crystal lattice of metals.

And the second discovery is called “Selective transfer at friction (the e" ect of wearlessness)”. It was discovered that in

friction pairs steel – bronze only copper was transferred to the chrome-plated steel surface, creating a protective # lm of red color.

I became an apprentice of Garkunov, we became friends with him. We started to study phenomena directly related to the railway. We were given an opportunity to work with rail wear and tear, to try to protect them from hydrogen wear and tear. At that time, the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences had a device which could determine the hydrogen content in steel. A unique result was obtained: if in 100 grams of scale collected by us from the rails there is about 500 ccs of hydrogen, this is taking into account that 5 cc of hydrogen are present in 100 grams of steel at the time of steel production, this melt goes into waste, because when the steel cools down, the metal is destroyed, and % akes and light spots are formed. And here we’ve got 100 times larger results than at waste of casting. We began to use special greases that suppress hydrogen wear and got great results – we reduced the wear of the rail in curves by 5 times.

“WE TOOK A DIFFERENT APPROACH”– ! ere is a traditional science of

chemistry, which has been developing for about 200 years, it solves the problems

of lubricating rubbing surfaces with its methods. We have achieved the e" ect of zero wearlessness and thus found ourselves in opposition to this science. We took a di" erent approach, decided to add copper salts into the composition of the lubricant, which suppressed hydrogen, and the rails stopped % aking and wearing out. ! at’s when we faced the fact that the industrial institutes, # rst of all the research institutes, by virtue of the GOSTs and the regulatory documents, which the chemists adhere to, prevented us from introducing innovations in the form of a grease that suppresses hydrogen wear.

“WE SOLVED VERY SERIOUS PROBLEMS”

– We solved very serious problems, because the wear of the rails is a rather expensive problem, we were engaged in this, despite the protests of the research institute. We started our work at the locomotive depot in Ryazan. We decided to try an additive on diesel locomotives, which makes it possible to save fuel and reduce failures.

Experts suggested a very good idea to understand how the additive works, they suggested doing comparative tests. Since the locomotives underwent all repairs and

“WE CAN OVERTAKE THE WEST IN THE INDUSTRIAL FIELD”

Sergey MAMYKIN:

51

maintenance at the same time, the condition of the diesel engines was approximately the same, and all data on their work was in the depot.

! e experiment looked like this: a two-section diesel locomotive, one driver’s cab, and the train. An additive is added to the diesel engine in one section of the locomotive, but not in the other. Go!

In such a way the specialists have observed that they had to change the engine oil in the diesel engine in which they added the additive faster, but then they did not change it for a year, and in the one without the additive they changed oil 3 times, that is, 1.5 tons of oil were saved. ! e depot sta" liked it. An order came out very quickly, # rst these were 10 diesel locomotives, then the entire depot was transferred to our additive. ! ey got very e$ cient fuel economy. It was written about in the Railways of the World magazine, which reached the desk of the Deputy Minister of Railways. And he gave the task to his assistants to conduct the operational trial of this additive in Kolomna VNIKTI. In the experiment, more than 200 pieces of diesel locomotives of three di" erent models were involved. ! e result: reduction of failures of cylinder piston group parts from 3 to 21 times, very signi# cant savings in fuel and oil. According to the results of the trials, the Ministry of Railways o" ered to develop oils, which it will implement, but this remained the words.

“THE REASON IS QUITE OBVIOUS”– ! e reason is quite obvious and

understandable – there are people who are interested in equipment and spare parts breaking down, fuel and engine oil being purchased. Unfortunately, the paradigm in which we develop is won by those who provide repairs and new products. ! at is why we failed to achieve success at that time, although great trials were conducted.

We managed to introduce in 2005 lubricants that suppress wear and tear.

We achieved excellent results: in the # rst year of use at the entire RZD operating domain we reduced the wear and tear of rails, pointworks, wheel sets of locomotives, freight and passenger cars by 20%. It was decided to issue a permit for these lubricants in accordance with the established procedure. But in 2008 it was decided to close down the branch of Russian Railways – the Kuskovsky Plant for Consistent Greases, as a non-core asset.

Since 2012 to date the service life of cargo wheel sets has been reduced by several times. Now a huge problem is the lack of wheel sets, because there is no protection against hydrogen wear. But this situation is bene# cial to those who produce and repair these wheels. It’s not good for the people who pay the railway tari" .

“OUR LUBRICANTS ARE DOPING FOR BICYCLES”

– ! e Kuskovsky Plant for Consistent Greases produced thousands of tons of grease, against this background we had the opportunity to do research in the # eld of oils and other things.

By 2008 we had created engine oils, which proved to be much more e$ cient than the traditional ones. Our oils started to be used in sports, where nobody looks at standards and the main thing is to win. According to laboratory tests, our oils reduce the energy consumption of the friction unit by 15%. ! is allows us to win, so the Russian cycling team has been riding our lubricants for three years.

! e o$ cial achievement is motorsport. We have been cooperating with the ArtLine company for 5 years. It develops racing cars at home and abroad, produces cars for Formula 3 in Germany; the cars are fully certi# ed. ! e result of this cooperation is a line of lubricants for carting and motorsport. In the context of work with ArtLine, we cooperate with the Myachkovo raceway, which is currently certi# ed according to the international standards. ! e closed-circuit races also take

place as part of the Russian Championship of the RSKG. ! e whole range of racing cars drives completely on our oils.

Our next achievement is the cooperation with New Star Marine. ! is is a very famous Russian water-engine team, which won the Formula 2 H2O and Ruan 24 competitions - and these are rather long races, when the continuous race is 24 hours and reliability is very important. Our team has won due to the fact that they did not have to stop o& en at pit stops.

And our biggest sporting achievement is cycling. We have been the o$ cial supplier of lubricants to the Russian cycling team for two years now. When the score is in hundreds of seconds, our lubricants are like some kind of “doping” for bicycles, which gives the sportsmen an advantage.

“WESTERN STANDARDS ARE A BARRIER AT THE STAGE OF

DEVELOPMENT”– We have created a unique engine oil,

but it does not meet existing standards and regulations. Now there are 3 largest American companies in the West, which make kits of lubricant additives. ! e American Engineering Association has created classi# cation systems for them, which set out the requirements for lubricants. All the certi# cation methods are Western. ! ere are no devices for these standards in Russia today, and to be certi# ed in the West it takes a lot of money. But even if you # nd these millions of euros, oil will not be certi# ed due to its di" erences from traditional lubricants. Western standards have become a barrier to our oils at the stage of development and implementation.

Actual access to innovations in the Russian industry is blocked by the Western standards, which is what they are written for.

! e biggest problem is that our science is not actually developing, because there are no devices for trying to do something. Our oils are ecologically clean, they have no phosphorus, no sulphur in their exhaust. Standards require phosphorus, sulphur, alkali.

Our industry has su" ered much in the post-perestroika period. We do not have fully domestic production of equipment, anyway some components of tractors, machines or aircra& are imported. We believe that this issue should be brought up to the state level, because there are a lot of masterminds in Russia and it is possible to do something much better than people in the West, but their standards do not provide this opportunity, and our own research institutes create barriers inside the country.

! at is why we are organizing the round table at the Moscow Chamber of Commerce and Industry and bringing this issue up for discussion at the Committee on Industry and Innovation Rights.

So! a Korshunova has prepared the material

QUALITY INDEX

52


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54


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)(#$/! /'6$!02'

55

THE MISSION OF PROJECT ECOBOX: LET’S SAVE THE PLANET TOGETHER!Imagine a column of loaded garbage

trucks – # ve tons, stretching from Kaliningrad to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and back, that is 16 thousand kilometers. Isn’t it impressive? A& er all, it would just accommodate garbage produced in a year by the capital and the Moscow suburbs and buried in the Moscow region. It would represent about 10.5 million tons of waste, or 20% of the garbage of the country. Literally each of us is involved in the formation of this column: the “average” Russian produces about 350 kg of waste per year, a family of four – almost 1.5 tons... At present 95% of garbage in Russia is buried. Meanwhile, the polyethylene bag decomposes at the land# ll for more than a thousand years, the sponge for washing dishes – 200 years, and the aluminum can – 500 years. Not a single polyethylene package, not a single plastic bottle in the world has yet dissolved in the soil!But there is even more dangerous garbage: batteries, mercury-containing energy-saving lamps and thermometers. Batteries are only 0.25% of total waste, but they also contribute 50% of the toxic metals found in garbage. A double A battery contaminates 20 square meters of land and 400 liters of water with heavy metals. More than a billion batteries are used in Russia every year, and less than 1% of this amount is recycled. ! e situation with lamps is hardly any better. About 10% of the 100 million energy saving lamps per year in Russia are recycled... ! e Ecobox All-Russian Environmental Social Project helps the country to solve this vital problem. We talked with its head Alexander Gusev.

– Mr. Gusev, your organization is called “Ecobox” All-Russian environmental social project”. $ e name is long, but it allows us to understand immediately the main areas of your work: society and ecology. $ e ! elds are important and require great responsibility; they are not very lucrative, however, and usually people do such a work “answering the call of their hearts”. You started as a venture investor, i.e. a person ready to risk for future income. How did this rebirth from a businessman to the environmentalist believing in his mission and a great role in educating the population and their children happen? How did the Ecobox project start?

– I would not say it was a “rebirth”. I have graduated from an ecologically – oriented college, so to say, I have been following this way since I was 15 years old. Later I worked as a venture investor, supporting various projects, but the topic of ecology has always been close and interesting to me. I started the Ecobox project in 2011. Two young specialists from Rybinsk came up with ecobox, a specialized container for collecting hazardous domestic waste. Originally, it was a black metal box designed for light bulbs recycling only. ! e test sample was created in simple conditions, almost “in the garage”. Its main design features were inclined shelves, which allowed the bulbs to accumulate in the container without breaking or polluting the environment with mercury vapor. ! en we thought about the design of these containers and began to produce them on a professional level.

At the beginning of our activity we were engaged in their sale and installation – we sold about 700 pieces. However, in the course of our work we have realized that due to the lack of an established system of their maintenance and disposal it would be more e" ective to focus on the service, providing it. And we started to do it both on our own and with the involvement of partner organizations. As a result, at the moment our company is the only one in Russia that has a patent of the Russian Federation in the # eld of production of containers for

collecting energy-saving lamps, batteries and thermometers.

But the Ecobox project, as well as the Group of Companies of the same name that is a part of it, is engaged not only in the production of containers, collection and disposal of hazardous waste, but also organizes Centers for the Assessment of Quali# cation of Personnel for Work with Solid Waste, training centers, it is engaged in engineering in the # eld of ecology.

– Many Russians have heard "something" about the environmental damage of worn-out mercury lamps and batteries, but they are not aware of the scale of the damage and the problem in general. If we think about it: every year in Moscow 15 million batteries are disposed incorrectly, each containing lead, mercury, cadmium, manganese, nickel and alkalis which poison the soil, ground water and air. And the average % uorescent bulb contains 3-5 mg of mercury in the form of vapours that can cause severe poisoning, even death. As a result of microbial activity, mercury from land! lls is converted into much more toxic methylmercury, contaminating the environment for hundreds of meters. But why do Russians not know about these facts?

– I don’t agree with the latter: environmentalists and the media work for a good reason, so many people are now aware of the damage caused by improper disposal of hazardous waste. Most of our fellow citizens know that mercury has a harmful e" ect on health, and batteries, when decomposed, release substances more harmful than cyanide. However, not everyone has the possibility of proper disposal. ! e overwhelming majority of the population uses containers for hazardous waste disposal, when they are available. But on a national scale, they’re still rather rare...

At the same time, the obligation to collect and dispose of Hazard Class 1-4 waste is currently set out separately in the Federal Law. But in the majority of subjects only the procedure for handling waste electronic equipment is determined by the procedure

56


of collecting solid waste. Many regions allocate mercury bulbs. And only the most advanced ones: the Krasnodar region, Mordovia, Dagestan, and the Tambov region have already prescribed the installation of special containers for hazardous waste at container sites.

– $ e plant of your company in Rybinsk has already produced and installed more than 12 thousand ecoboxes for mercury- containing lamps, thermometers and batteries. But it produces not only them, but also a variety of litter bins and containers. Tell us about the range of your products. Give us more details about our “main characters”: bins for hazardous waste collection. What are their design features? Do their speci! cations and design change over time? Are they protected against vandals?

– We meet all the needs of this market by producing containers for separate collection of solid waste, bins of all kinds, containers for burning leaves and twigs, dispensers for owners to clean up a& er their dogs, designed for outdoor areas, parks and courtyards. We also o" er completely vandal-proof, metal and plastic garbage collection sites.

And, of course, we produce the containers for hazardous waste, and ecoboxes as such. ! ey are designed to collect mercury-containing lamps, thermometers, batteries and other chemical power sources safely. Ecoboxes, of course, are protected from vandals: they are made of metal, are closed with several locks, so it is quite di$ cult to open them. ! e design of this bright orange metal container has been developed a long time ago, everyone liked it, it became familiar and recognizable, so there was no need to change it. But we also have a plastic version, it is usually used indoors. All our ecoboxes are equipped with electronic chips enabling remote monitoring not only of their location, but also of their content.

And # nally, our novelty is the containers for collecting electronic waste. Together with one more company we have developed units for processing solid municipal waste and agricultural waste (from cattle farms and poultry farms) into electricity. At present we start to implement the # rst two such projects.

– When your business started in 2011, it was hard to assume that the government would deal with the problem of separate waste collection and recycling closely. And only in view of the recent reforms, the business in this sphere has become promising. Have you somehow felt this, or is your interest in the problem of that time a happy accident?

– Of course, it was not an accident, we foresaw it, because the whole developed world has been following this path for decades. We started to move in this direction later, but now we try to catch up with

ecologically advanced countries by seven-mile steps.

– Your ecoboxes have been installed in the Moscow Region, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Bashkiria, Tatarstan: only in 10 regions. But they should, in fact, be a ubiquitous reality. What are your plans on expanding the geography of the activity of the company, the nearest and the future ones? You must have calculated how many such containers will be needed in Moscow, the Moscow Region, the country?

– Our plans certainly include raising the number of containers in the regions where we operate, and we are negotiating with the regional authorities to ensure that ecoboxes are available at each container site. In the future, we will also expand the number of regions involved: the Krasnodar Region is next in line, where new ecoboxes will be installed. As for statistics, about 25 thousand containers are needed to equip the container sites of the Moscow region, about 32 thousand ecoboxes are needed in Moscow. We have not yet calculated the amount for the country, but the score will clearly go to millions.

– Do you have any competitors occupying the same niche?

– ! e companies trying to occupy it, in fact, have “got separated” from us, these are our former employees, contractors. But we are even happy about it: Russia is large, and this niche will be # lling up for a very long time. Besides, they also work on improving the environment that we all share. But we don’t even consider these companies to be our competitors, as we are a few steps ahead of them. For example, no one has electronic chips to track containers, this is our own development.

– Have you thought about franchise work?– We also have franchise agreements, it’s

one of the options to cooperate with us.

– You are the Deputy Chairman of the Commission for Professional Quali! cations in the Field of Production and Consumption Waste Management in the Municipal Services and Housing Sector. What kind of work do you perform in this position, and how does it ! t in with your work as head of Ecobox Group?

– It all # ts together: it’s all di" erent sides of the work for one idea. Currently, we cooperate with the regional operators to include in the contracts the clauses according to which the owners of SMW are obliged to appoint a responsible person for the management of wastes, including hazardous ones. And the employee performing this work has to validate his or her quali# cations. He or she has to undergo training, not necessarily with us (although we have a partner center that does this) and every three years prove his or her quali# cations.

What is the purpose of this training? For clarity, let’s take a speci# c object, let’s say a restaurant. Its container o& en contains cardboard, plastic, glass, paper, used oil and organic waste. But cardboard or paper, spilled even with water, let alone oil, is no longer suitable for recycling.

By increasing the rate of competent sorting in separate collection of waste, regional operators will gain additional income, which is especially important in this di$ cult time when insolvency is growing. As a result, public payments for recycling can even be reduced, as it happens in the countries where the system has been implemented a long time ago. Russia also has plans to gradually abolish payments for “dry” garbage. But to do this, waste in containers must be collected correctly. To make progress in this area, it is necessary not only to improve the skills of workers with SMW, but also to introduce educational programs for the public.

– $ e Ecobox project spends a lot of energy and money on programs for environmental education, mainly targeting pre-school and school children. You organize various campaigns, games promoting separate garbage collection, environmental care, and the proper way of life-style. You sponsor the Miss Eco Bashkortostan contest. You issue books for children about the fabulous character Exboxy, and plan to release cartoons on eco-themes. Why do you think it is necessary to pay so much attention to it, and why have you chosen such a target audience?

– We have long understood that the most e" ective way to in% uence the population is through preschoolers and schoolchildren. First, it is not always possible to achieve

QUALITY INDEX

57

results by talking with adults. Children perceive themselves and tell their parents. Sometimes they ask: “Why did you throw the batteries in the bucket? Shouldn’t they be thrown in a special container?” And then, even if there is no ecobox in the yard, parents will wonder where these batteries can be taken. Probably they can give them to a store which accepts them, Vkusvill, for example.

! e same happens with the separation of other waste classes. We explain to children what kind of garbage they need to recycle and what could come out of it. Besides, our business is not fast, we have come for a long time, and in a decade the children of today will become independent, and what is laid down now will work for us later.

As for children’s books about the adventures of cute Exboxy, decorated with colorful pictures, we give them at our meetings and promotions for free, even if a parent addresses us through a social network, we send it also for free. ! e book is a success, it has collected many positive reviews, and soon the second part will be released.

– You place your ecoboxes for free, and get your income for the maintenance. What is its price? What is included in this service? How much can it contain? What percentage of the cost of maintenance is the cost of recycling hazardous waste? Can this activity be called a “pro! table business”?

– It’s too early to call it a pro# table business – it’s still mostly a # eld for investment. ! e average cost of maintenance of an ecobox is 5 thousand rubles per month. ! e cost of the

service includes monitoring of a container, waste removal, transportation (we have our own % eet of special eco-mobiles), recycling at special enterprises. Disposal of hazardous waste is expensive; it takes about 70% of the service fee. Only with a large number of containers is it possible to reach pro# tability with this scenario.

But now we have another new program launched - waste bins for electric scrap. ! ere is a completely di" erent scheme of costs, and the more used electrical appliance are thrown into containers, the more reduced is the cost of maintenance of the container, it may eventually reach zero. As for large equipment - refrigerators, washing machines, etc. - our employees pick them up from your apartment on request.

– Who processes hazardous waste? How does it happen? What do they get as a result?

– We have our own small hazardous waste recycling facility, but most of them are recycled by our partner in Yaroslavl.

A& er lamp recycling it is possible to re-use glass, plastic and mercury remaining from them. Metals and various oxides are le& from the batteries.

– What is the Ecobox project at the moment: where are the production facilities? How many employees do you have?

– ! e Ecobox project has container production facilities both in the Noginsk district of the Moscow region and in the Yaroslavl region. ! e plants produce containers and organize container sites. ! ere are departments responsible for

waste collection and disposal. ! ere is also Center for the Assessment of Quali# cation of Personnel covering over 20 regions of Russia. In total, we employ over 150 people.

– Now there is a lot of talk about the refusal from mercury-containing products, about the Minamata Convention on Mercury. Russia signed this convention in 2014, thus limiting the turnover of mercury in domestic conditions, as well as at enterprises since 2020, however, delays the rati! cation. Is there any concern that in connection with the entry into force of the document in Russia, the companies promising such prospects will be out of business? Or for example, that, as technical progress does not stand still, new modi! cations of bulbs and batteries that do not contain hazardous substances will be invented?

– I do not believe that totally harmless batteries will be invented during our lives. ! e world is gradually giving up mercury, and this is right, but LED bulbs must also be disposed-o" separately. Of course, progress doesn’t stop there, and technology changes. But now, for example, the automotive industry is switching to electric cars, and the question of recycling electric motors will become more and more acute. So we will # nd our niche anyway!

– How would you formulate Ecobox’s mission?

– We save the planet with you!

" e interview is takenby Elena Alexandrova

QUALITY INDEX

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)(#$/! /'6$!02'

59

“In this di$ cult, unexpected and undiscovered period, which is the coronavirus pandemic for all of us, each enterprise makes its own decision on how to behave under the new circumstances. I deeply appreciate our enterprises, which are already in the third time in such a di$ cult situation. ! e # rst crisis took place in 2008 and the second one, related to the implementation of sanctions, took place in 2014. It should be noted that the park is mainly inhabited by foreign companies. And this crisis period was mostly associated with the dollar exchange rate, which put a signi# cant pressure on production. Despite this, in 2014 we have laid the foundation stone for the construction of Wilo Rus, the German company, and in late 2015 – early 2016 we have opened it at the midst of the crisis and the sanctions policy against Russia. All the companies have found the strength to overcome this di$ cult time. And, by the way, since 2013 the companies started to focus on the Russian market, reduced their demand for components and other materials from abroad. And since the government of the Moscow region began to gradually introduce measures to support business, we were able to fully overcome the crisis. ! e crisis associated with the coronavirus is the third one for us. In

di$ cult situations, all our resident companies understand that they have not only production, but also a team spirit, which, in turn, makes it possible to reorient quickly. Many companies, without even re% ecting on it, refocus their activities to help others in this situation. For example, the PERI company began to build and supply components for hospitals, clinics and other establishments that are directly related to the treatment of coronavirus infection. It is di$ cult to underestimate the work of such companies as Farmalakt, NPU-Systems, Roto Frank and many other resident companies. All of them are of a di" erent pro# le, but at this very period they o" ered their capabilities and capacities. In addition, we have companies that have provided charitable assistance in this situation. ! us, LLC CETES COSMETICS (ORIFLAME) donated disinfectants, liquid soap and other foam cleaning products made at the plant to the Bogorodsky District. ! e Mamontovsky Cheese Making Plant LLC also took part in the charity. ! e company organized the transfer of food kits to nursing homes. ! e elderly people were given attention and an opportunity to enjoy the natural and quality cheese and milk. Most companies continue their work on the territory of the Bogorodsky

Park, following all the measures to prevent the spread of the coronavirus infection. All our residents are large companies such as Sysmex Rus, Dr. Teiss, Khlebprom, Wilo Rus. Now we not only do not stop our production, but also more “aggressively” go to the front line. By the spring of the next year we will have launched 26 more companies, and the Moscow Region will receive excellent enterprises, the products and services of which will be available to the residents of the region. ! ese companies will be opened regardless of the situation with the coronavirus pandemic, although they have to be challenged by the circumstances. A real entrepreneur knows that activity must be shown during the crisis. We are going to design and build the Serbian Brynza company (ed. Mlekara Sabac) in summer. It has believed exactly in the Russian market, and, to be more precise, in the market of the Moscow region. ! is company would be welcomed everywhere in Russia, but it will locate its production in the Bogorodsky District, knowing that this is where the investment climate is the most bene# cial. All our companies have believed in us, and I am grateful to them. ! is friendship between the management company, the host company and the enterprises of the park cannot be broken. We will go further, develop and help each other!

Oleg Kartsov has been the Head of the Bogorodsky Industrial Park

for 15 years. Under his leadership the territory of the park has been transforming and developing during the whole period of its existence. However, the main goal of the General Director is not only to expand and modernize the industrial zone, but also to create a team that is ready to help each other and citizens of this country in a di# cult economic situation. Today Oleg Vasilyevich has addressed with words of gratitude to all the resident companies and told how the work of companies has changed during the coronavirus pandemic and self-isolation period.

Oleg KARTSOV: “WE WILL GO FURTHER, DEVELOP AND HELP EACH OTHER!”

60


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273,8# (' !)04'+)9 61

62


ENVIRONMENTAL PAYMENTS (NEI): BENEFITS, TERMS, JUDICIAL CASES

R ussian legislation envisages payment for negative (harmful) environmental impact (NEI). ! e necessity of such payment is provided by the Federal law * 7-FZ from 10.01.2002 “On environmental protection”. ! e

types of NEI, for which payment is required, include emissions of pollutants into the air by stationary and portable objects, discharges of pollutants into the surface and underground water bodies and disposal of production and consumption wastes.! e current procedure takes into account the rights of companies to receive so-called bene" ts with regard to the NEI fee: the obliged to pay this fee parties have the right to make adjustments, i.e. to reduce the amount of this fee.Yunona Sizykh, senior consultant at the Alliance Legal CG, Legal Practice Department, spoke to our magazine about the cases when a company can count on these privileges, what exactly they are, and illustrated the examples of court practice in this area.

! e adjustment of NEI fee is made by taxpayers by deducting the actual costs on NEI reduction measures from the fee. Such measures are implemented within the framework of special plans on reduction of emissions/discharges of harmful pollutants approved by the government and improvement programs for environmental e$ ciency.

It means that the holders of hazardous sources calculate NEI fee for a speci# c reporting period independently, and reduce it by the amount of costs for environmental measures, pay the total amount and submit

the obtained data as part of the NEI fee declaration to the authorized territorial body of the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources Management (the fee administrator).

! e Supervisory Authority checks the declaration submitted by the company together with the supporting documents and concludes whether NEI fee adjustment is justi# ed or not.

A bene# t for actual costs for NEI mitigation measures can also be used if an enterprise has not accounted for these costs in the reporting

period and has paid a higher NEI fee than was required. By law, this is considered to be an overpayment, the amount of which the company has the right to return as overpaid, or to apply for the o" set of the overpayment against future NEI payments, but only for the duration of the environmental plans or programs implementation.

! us, the main condition for obtaining the bene# ts is the implementation of documentary con# rmed costs precisely in the framework of the approved by the authorized body environmental plans and

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63

programs and only during the speci# ed period of implementation of environmental measures.

At the same time, the practice shows that even the interests of the companies which pay taxes and claim to reduce the amount of NEI fees by following the law are not always observed.

In a number of cases, regulatory authorities have come to the wrong conclusion that there has been an unjusti# ed reduction in NEI fees, thus believing that the company has underpaid for the environmental damage it has caused. As a result of such conclusions, the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources Management (Rosprirodnadzor) makes a written request to the legal entity to pay the NEI fee. ! at, in turn, generates necessity of protection of the rights of an organization in judicial disputes for recovery from the enterprise of a corresponding payment or by challenging in court of requirements of environmental authorities.

! us, for example, JSC Novotroitsk Plant of Chromium Compounds has won the case against the Orenburg Region Department of the Federal Service for Supervision of Nature Resources (Rosprirodnadzor), by proving the illegality of the supervisory authority’s decision in the form of a requirement to pay the NEI fee. ! e courts recognized that the company has undertaken the nature protection actions on the basis of the program coordinated with the management by carrying out the activity aiming to decrease negative in% uence of waste of the production on health of the people and environment, which have led to ecological e" ect in the form of decrease in NEI, in this connection the requirement of supervising body on payment concerning waste disposal is unreasonable. (Decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of 11.04.2019 in case * A47-2960/2018).

! e North-West Interregional Department of the Federal Service for Supervision of Nature Resources, basing on the results of the veri# cation of the declaration, has tried to collect from JSC Syassky Pulp and Paper Mill a fee for NEI. ! e courts of two instances recognized the requirements of the supervisory authority to be unreasonable, indicating that in the course of ful# lling the plan for the reduction of discharges, the real costs of the defendant in 2016 for the implementation of environmental measures exceeded the amount of the declared claims. ! is fact was con# rmed in the forensic examination of the case. (Resolution of the ! irteenth Arbitration Court of Appeal of 02.25.2020 in case * A56-94471/2017).

! e requirement of the Department of the Federal Service for Supervision of Nature Resources of the Chuvash Republic to the State Unitary Enterprise of the Chuvash Republic “Biological Treatment Facilities” to pay for NEI due to the failure to achieve the

environmental impact of the implemented measures was recognized invalid. ! e Court of Cassation noted that the agreed action plan for reducing discharges envisaged an environmental measure – an investment project for the construction of biological treatment facilities. It was possible to reduce pollutant discharges in accordance with the standard values only a& er the treatment facilities were put into operation in 2018. ! e environmental e" ect was to be achieved in 2020. Since the actual costs of the project were carried out in 2015-2016, the company legally included these costs into the calculation of the NEI fee for the reporting period 2015-2016, thereby reasonably making a reduction in the fee. (Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the Volga-Vyatka District of September 25, 2018 in case * A79-15744/2017).

! e issue of unimpeded exercise of the right for reimbursement of the overpaid amounts for NEI also remains relevant for the business. ! e reasons for the absence of bene# ts for businesses are:� unjusti# ed refusal of the Supervisory

Authority to refund overpaid amounts of the NEI payment;� +bstruction for the reimbursement of

overpayment by o" setting excessively paid amounts of fees against future payments;� evasion from taking a decision on

the application of the payer to refund the overpaid amounts.

It is possible to protect the rights of the company in this case by # ling a lawsuit in court claiming the recovery of excessively paid NEI fee.

Gazprom Transgaz Moscow LLC has obtained in court the recovery of overpayment from Rosprirodnadzor in Moscow and Kaluga region. ! e court concluded that “in view of the reduced environmental impact... advance payments for 2016-2017 exceeded the total payments for 2016-2017, resulting in an overpayment”. ! e court paid attention to the fact that the acts of reconciliation of settlements con# rmed the existence of an overpayment, but to a lesser extent. At the same time, the defendant did not take into account some payment orders, as a result, part of the paid sums was unreasonably recognized by the defendant as not received. (Decision of the Moscow Arbitration Court of 03.03.2020 in the case * A40-161443/2019).

Di$ culties also arise when companies use the mechanism for o" setting excessively paid amounts of fees for NEI against future payments.

! e Department of Rosprirodnadzor for the Ural Federal District partially dismissed the lawsuit against the JSC Russky Hrom 1915 to recover debts on the payment for oil and gas emissions for 2016. ! e Court of Cassation established that the period of its implementation, agreed upon by the parties,

was from 2009 to 2017. ! e Company set o" the costs of implementing the measures aimed at reducing the impact of oil and gas emissions in 2016, which actually led to the reduction of the hazard class of industrial waste, against the payment for waste disposal. ! e court recognized the conclusion that there was no right to o" set as groundless and charged the enterprise only the di" erence between the amount of the claim and the amount of costs for environmental measures. (Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the Ural District dated 13.09.2018 in case * A60-58135/2017).

Moscow Tea Factory LLC obtained through the court the right to refund the overpayment for the NEI for the period when a detailed procedure for the return of overpaid payments for the NEI did not exist. ! e judicial acts established that the resolution of this issue was in any case within the competence of the Department of Rosprirodnadzor on the Central Federal District, which illegally refused # rst to set o" , and then to refund the overpayment. (Resolution of the Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal of 05.15.2019 in case * A40-241198/2018).

Environmental legislation is changed annually. ! e amendments also a" ect the regulation of fees for NEI, including issues on reduction of fees. ! e rules for calculating and collecting fees for negative environmental impacts, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 03.03.2017 * 255, are currently the basic regulatory act in this area.

However, since mid-2019, the Procedure for the Settlement and Return of Amounts of Excessively Paid (Collected) Fees for Negative Impact on the Environment, approved by Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia * 334 dated 06/20/2019, has been in force. It is assumed that compliance with the new Order by participants in legal relations will reduce the number of disputes of this category.

In addition, since July 2020, amendments aimed at eliminating competition between the regulatory acts have been introduced to the Regulation on the peculiarities of the calculation of the fee for the emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air generated by % are facilities and/or dispersion of associated petroleum gas. According to the amendments, if the subsoil user achieves the reduction of NEI in the course of implementation of environmental protection measures and uses in this connection the mentioned Rules on calculation and collection of charges for negative impact on the environment to reduce the charge, the formulas for calculation of the cost coverage index established by the abovementioned Regulation are not applied.

Prepared by Elena Alexandrova

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3:;<=>: ?<=:@>:– ǋǩǬǬǣǤǬǥǩ-ǚǪǩǨǬǥǣǤ ǟǠǦǩǝǩǤ ǬǩǝǠǭ– ǈǊ «ǋǩǬǬǣǤǬǥǩ-ǅǣǭǛǤǬǥǣǤ ǟǠǦǩǝǩǤ ǬǩǝǠǭ»– ƻǈǉ «ǋǩǬǬǣǤǬǥǩ-ǍǮǫǠǱǥǣǤ ǟǠǦǩǝǩǤ ǬǩǝǠǭ»– ǋǩǬǬǣǤǬǥǩ-ǙǡǨǩǥǩǫǠǤǬǥǣǤ ǟǠǦǩǝǩǤ ǬǩǝǠǭ– ǈǊ «ƿǠǦǩǝǩǤ ǬǩǝǠǭ Ǫǩ ǬǩǭǫǮǟǨǣǲǠǬǭǝǮ Ǭ ǃǨǟǣǠǤ»– ǋǩǬǬǣǤǬǥǩ-ǍǛǣǦǛǨǟǬǥǣǤ ǟǠǦǩǝǩǤ ǬǩǝǠǭ– ǋǩǬǬǣǤǬǥǩ-ǃǫǛǨǬǥǣǤ ǟǠǦǩǝǩǤ ǬǩǝǠǭ– ƻǈǉ «ƿǠǦǩǝǩǤ ǬǩǝǠǭ Ǫǩ ǬǩǭǫǮǟǨǣǲǠǬǭǝǮ Ǭ ƻǯǞǛǨǣǬǭǛǨǩǧ»– ǈǊ «ƿǠǦǩǝǩǤ ǬǩǝǠǭ Ǫǩ ǬǩǭǫǮǟǨǣǲǠǬǭǝǮ Ǭ ƽǷǠǭǨǛǧǩǧ»– ǋǩǬǬǣǤǬǥǩ-ǌǣǨǞǛǪǮǫǬǥǣǤ ǟǠǦǩǝǩǤ ǬǩǝǠǭ– ƿǠǦǩǝǩǤ ǬǩǝǠǭ Ǫǩ ǬǩǭǫǮǟǨǣǲǠǬǭǝǮ Ǭ ǃǨǟǩǨǠǢǣǠǤ– ƿǠǦǩǝǩǤ ǬǩǝǠǭ Ǫǩ ǬǩǭǫǮǟǨǣǲǠǬǭǝǮ Ǭ ǊǛǥǣǬǭǛǨǩǧ– ǋǩǬǬǣǤǬǥǩ-ǏǣǦǣǪǪǣǨǬǥǣǤ ǟǠǦǩǝǩǤ ǬǩǝǠǭ– ǅǩǧǣǭǠǭ Ǫǩ ǸǥǩǨǩǧǣǲǠǬǥǩǧǮǬǩǭǫǮǟǨǣǲǠǬǭǝǮ Ǭǩ ǬǭǫǛǨǛǧǣ ƻǢǣǣ ǣ ǉǥǠǛ-Ǩǣǣ– ƿǠǦǩǝǩǤ ǬǩǝǠǭ Ǫǩ ǬǩǭǫǮǟǨǣǲǠǬǭǝǮ ǬǇǛǦǛǤǢǣǠǤ– ǌǩǝǠǭ ǪǫǠǟǪǫǣǨǣǧǛǭǠǦǠǤ ǋǩǬǬǣǺ-ƻǫǞǠǨ-ǭǣǨǛ– ƿǠǦǩǝǩǤ ǬǩǝǠǭ ǋǩǬǬǣǺ-ƼǫǛǢǣǦǣǺ– ƿǠǦǩǝǩǤ ǬǩǝǠǭ ǋǩǬǬǣǺ-ǅǮǜǛ– ǅǩǧǣǭǠǭ ǪǫǠǟǪǫǣǨǣǧǛǭǠǦǠǤ ǋǩǬǬǣǺ-ǇǠǥǬǣǥǛ– ǋǩǬǬǣǤǬǥǩ-ǒǣǦǣǤǬǥǣǤ ǟǠǦǩǝǩǤ ǬǩǝǠǭ– ƿǠǦǩǝǩǤ ǬǩǝǠǭ Ƽǋǃǅǌ– ƿǠǦǩǝǩǤ ǬǩǝǠǭ Ǔǉǌ

D,+VX)\*/) @CC:– ǍǊǊ ƻǢǠǫǜǛǤǟǡǛǨcǥǩǤ ǋǠǬǪǮǜǦǣǥǣ– ǍǊǊ ǋǠǬǪǮǜǦǣǥǣ ƻǫǧǠǨǣǺ– ƼǠǦǩǫǮǬǬǥǛǺ ǍǊǊ– ƽǨǠǳǨǠǭǩǫǞǩǝǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ ǅǛǢǛǰǬǭǛǨǛ– ǍǊǊ ǅǶǫǞǶǢǬǥǩǤ ǋǠǬǪǮǜǦǣǥǣ– ǍǊǊ ǋǠǬǪǮǜǦǣǥǣ ǇǩǦǟǩǝǛ– ǍǊǊ ǋǠǬǪǮǜǦǣǥǣ ǍǛǟǡǣǥǣǬǭǛǨ– ǍǊǊ ǋǠǬǪǮǜǦǣǥǣ ǍǮǫǥǧǠǨǣǬǭǛǨ– ǍǊǊ ǋǠǬǪǮǜǦǣǥǛ ǎǢǜǠǥǣǬǭǛǨ– ǍǊǊ ǎǥǫǛǣǨǶ– ǍǊǊ ƾǫǮǢǣǣ– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ ǸǥǩǨǩǧǣǥǣ ƻǝǬǭǫǣǣ– ǌǩǹǢ ǍǊǊ ƻǦǜǛǨǣǣ– ƼǠǦǷǞǣǤǬǥǩ-ǆǹǥǬǠǧǜǮǫǞǬǥǛǺ ǭǩǫǞǩǝǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ– ƼǩǦǞǛǫǬǥǛǺ ǍǩǫǞǩǝǩ-ǪǫǩǧǶǳǦǠǨǨǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ– ƼǩǦǞǛǫǩ-ǋǩǬǬǣǤǬǥǛǺ ǍǩǫǞǩǝǩ-ǪǫǩǧǶǳ-ǦǠǨǨǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ– ƽǨǠǳǨǠǭǩǫǞǩǝǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ ƼǩǬǨǣǣ ǣƾǠǫǱǠǞǩǝǣǨǶ– ƽǠǨǞǠǫǬǥǛǺ ǍǩǫǞǩǝǩ-ǪǫǩǧǶǳǦǠǨǨǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ– ǉǜǵǠǟǣǨǠǨǣǠ ǭǩǫǞǩǝǩ-ǪǫǩǧǶǳǦǠǨǨǶǰǪǛǦǛǭ ƾǠǫǧǛǨǣǣ

– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǱǣǺ ǭǩǫǞǩǝǶǰ ǪǛǦǛǭ ǃǢǫǛǣǦǺ– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǱǣǺ ǣǨǟǣǤǬǥǣǰ ǍǊǊ– ǃǬǦǛǨǟǬǥǛǺ ǭǩǫǞǩǝǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ– ǍǩǫǞǩǝǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ ǃǬǪǛǨǣǣ– ǆǛǭǝǣǤǬǥǛǺ ǍǩǫǞǩǝǩ-ǪǫǩǧǶǳǦǠǨǨǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ– ƻǬǬǩǱǣǛǱǣǺ ǭǩǫǞǩǝǩ-ǪǫǩǧǶǳǦǠǨǨǶǰ ǣǫǠǧǠǬǦǠǨǨǶǰ ǪǛǦǛǭ ǆǣǭǝǶ– ǅǩǨǯǠǫǠǨǱǣǺ ǪǫǩǧǶǳǦǠǨǨǣǥǩǝ ǆǣǭǝǶ– ǇǛǥǠǟǩǨǬǥǩ-ǋǩǬǬǣǤǬǥǛǺ ǍǩǫǞǩǝǩ-Ǫǫǩ-ǧǶǳǦǠǨǨǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ– ǈǩǫǝǠǡǬǥǩ-ǋǩǬǬǣǤǬǥǛǺ ǭǩǫǞǩǝǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ(ǈǋǍǊ)– ǊǩǦǷǬǥǛǺ ǰǩǢǺǤǬǭǝǠǨǨǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ– ǋǩǬǬǣǤǬǥǩ-ƾǠǫǧǛǨǬǥǛǺ ǝǨǠǳǨǠǭǩǫǞǩǝǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ– ǐǩǢǺǤǬǭǝǠǨǨǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ ǌǠǫǜǣǣ– ǌǦǩǝǛǱǥǛǺ ǍǩǫǞǩǝǩ-ǪǫǩǧǶǳǦǠǨǨǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ– ǍǩǫǞǩǝǩ-ǪǫǩǧǶǳǦǠǨǨǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ ǋǠǬǪǮǜ-Ǧǣǥǣ ǌǦǩǝǠǨǣǺ– ǌǩǹǢ ǪǛǦǛǭ ǣ ǜǣǫǡ ǍǮǫǱǣǣ (Ǎǉƽƽ)– ǑǠǨǭǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǭǩǫǞǩǝǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ ǏǣǨǦǺǨ-ǟǣǣ– ǐǩǢǺǤǬǭǝǠǨǨǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ ǐǩǫǝǛǭǣǣ– ǘǥǩǨǩǧǣǲǠǬǥǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ ǒǠǳǬǥǩǤ ǋǠǬǪǮǜ-Ǧǣǥǣ– ǐǩǢǺǤǬǭǝǠǨǨǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ ǒǠǫǨǩǞǩǫǣǣ (ǐǊǒ)– ǋǩcǬǣǤǬǥǩ-ƼǫǣǭǛǨǬǥǛǺ ǭǩǫǞǩǝǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ– ǃǭǛǦǩ-ǋǩǬǬǣǤǬǥǛǺ ǭǩǫǞǩǝǛǺ ǪǛǦǛǭǛ– ǊǫǠǟǬǭǛǝǣǭǠǦǷǬǭǝǩ ǰǩǢǺǤǬǭǝǠǨǨǩǤ ǪǛǦǛ-ǭǶ ǌǠǫǜǣǣ ǝ ǇǩǬǥǝǠ– ǊǫǠǟǬǭǛǝǣǭǠǦǷǬǭǝǩ ǈǩǫǝǠǡǬǥǩ-ǋǩǬǬǣǤ-ǬǥǩǤ ǭǩǫǞǩǝǩǤ ǪǛǦǛǭǶ ǝ ǇǩǬǥǝǠ– ǊǫǠǟǬǭǛǝǣǭǠǦǷǬǭǝǩ ǰǩǢǺǤǬǭǝǠǨǨǩǤ ǪǛǦǛ-ǭǶ ǐǩǫǝǛǭǣǣ ǝ ǋǩǬǬǣǣ– ǊǫǠǟǬǭǛǝǣǭǠǦǷǬǭǝǩ ƼǩǦǞǛǫǩ-ǋǩǬǬǣǤǬǥǩǤǍǊǊ ǝ ǋǩǬǬǣǣ– ƽǬǠǧǣǫǨǛǺ ǯǠǟǠǫǛǱǣǺ ǭǩǫǞǩǝǶǰ ǪǛǦǛǭ– ǋǩǬǬǣǤǬǥǣǤ ǨǛǱǣǩǨǛǦǷǨǶǤ ǥǩǧǣǭǠǭǇǠǡǟǮǨǛǫǩǟǨǩǤ ǭǩǫǞǩǝǩǤ ǪǛǦǛǭǶ– ƻǬǬǩǱǣǛǱǣǺ ǭǩǫǞǩǝǩ-ǪǫǩǧǶǳǦǠǨǨǶǰ ǪǛǦǛǭ ǠǝǫǩǪǠǤǬǥǣǰ ǬǭǫǛǨ «ǀǝǫǩǪǛǦǛǭǛ»– ǅǩǨǯǠǟǠǫǛǱǣǺ ǍǊǊ ǬǭǫǛǨ ƻǍǋ– ƻǢǣǛǭǬǥǣǤ ǯǩǫǮǧ Ƽǉƻǉ (BAF)

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ǌǩǟǫǮǡǠǬǭǝǛ ǈǠǢǛǝǣǬǣǧǶǰ ƾǩǬǮǟǛǫǬǭǝ, ǬǩǩǭǠǲǠǬǭǝǠǨǨǣǥǩǝ, ǪǫǩǡǣǝǛǹǴǣǰ ǢǛ ǫǮ-ǜǠǡǩǧ, ǣ Ǫǩ ǧǠǡǟǮǨǛǫǩǟǨǩǧǮ ǞǮǧǛǨǣǭǛǫ-ǨǩǧǮ ǬǩǭǫǮǟǨǣǲǠǬǭǝǮ (ǋǩǬǬǩǭǫǮǟǨǣǲǠǬǭǝǩ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǬǦǮǡǜǛ Ǫǩ ǝǩǠǨǨǩ-ǭǠǰǨǣǲǠ-ǬǥǩǧǮ ǬǩǭǫǮǟǨǣǲǠǬǭǝǮ (ǏǌƽǍǌ ǋǩǬǬǣǣ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǬǦǮǡǜǛ Ǫǩ ǭǠǰǨǣǲǠǬǥǩǧǮ ǣ ǸǥǬǪǩǫǭǨǩǧǮ ǥǩǨǭǫǩǦǹ ǋǩǬǬǣǤǬǥǩǤ ǏǠǟǠ-ǫǛǱǣǣ (ǏǌǍǘǅ ǋǩǬǬǣǣ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǬǦǮǡǜǛ ǣǬǪǩǦǨǠǨǣǺ ǨǛǥǛ-ǢǛǨǣǤ (Ǐǌǃǈ ǋǩǬǬǣǣ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǬǦǮǡǜǛ ǬǮǟǠǜǨǶǰ ǪǫǣǬǭǛ-ǝǩǝ (ǏǌǌǊ ǋǩǬǬǣǣ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǬǦǮǡǜǛ Ǫǩ ǨǛǟǢǩǫǮ ǝ ǬǯǠǫǠ ǢǟǫǛǝǩǩǰǫǛǨǠǨǣǺ (ǋǩǬǢǟǫǛǝǨǛǟǢǩǫ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǩǠ ǧǠǟǣǥǩ-ǜǣǩǦǩǞǣǲǠǬǥǩǠ ǛǞǠǨǭǬǭǝǩ (ǏǇƼƻ ǋǩǬǬǣǣ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǩǠ ǛǞǠǨǭǬǭǝǩ Ǫǩ ǭǮǫǣǢǧǮ (ǋǩǬǭǮǫǣǢǧ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǬǦǮǡǜǛ Ǫǩ ǨǛǟǢǩǫǮ ǝ ǬǯǠǫǠ ǩǜǫǛǢǩǝǛǨǣǺ ǣ ǨǛǮǥǣ (ǋǩǬǩǜǫǨǛǟǢǩǫ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǩǠ ǛǞǠǨǭǬǭǝǩ Ǫǩ ǟǠǦǛǧ ǧǩ-ǦǩǟǼǡǣ (ǋǩǬǧǩǦǩǟǼǡǷ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǬǦǮǡǜǛ Ǫǩ ǞǣǟǫǩǧǠǭǠǩǫǩ-

ǦǩǞǣǣ ǣ ǧǩǨǣǭǩǫǣǨǞǮ ǩǥǫǮǡǛǹǴǠǤ ǬǫǠǟǶ (ǋǩǬǞǣǟǫǩǧǠǭ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǬǦǮǡǜǛ Ǫǩ ǨǛǟǢǩǫǮ ǝ ǬǯǠǫǠǪǫǣǫǩǟǩǪǩǦǷǢǩǝǛǨǣǺ (ǋǩǬǪǫǣǫǩǟǨǛǟǢǩǫ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǩǠ ǛǞǠǨǭǬǭǝǩ ǝǩǟǨǶǰ ǫǠǬǮǫǬǩǝ(ǋǩǬǝǩǟǫǠǬǮǫǬǶ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǩǠ ǛǞǠǨǭǬǭǝǩ ǦǠǬǨǩǞǩ ǰǩǢǺǤ-ǬǭǝǛ (ǋǩǬǦǠǬǰǩǢ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǩǠ ǛǞǠǨǭǬǭǝǩ Ǫǩ ǨǠǟǫǩǪǩǦǷǢǩ-ǝǛǨǣǹ (ǋǩǬǨǠǟǫǛ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǩǠ ǛǞǠǨǭǬǭǝǩ Ǫǩ ǭǠǰǨǣǲǠǬǥǩǧǮ ǫǠǞǮǦǣǫǩǝǛǨǣǹ ǣ ǧǠǭǫǩǦǩǞǣǣ (ǋǩǬǬǭǛǨ-ǟǛǫǭ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǬǦǮǡǜǛ Ǫǩ ǨǛǟǢǩǫǮ ǝ ǬǯǠǫǠ ǬǝǺǢǣ, ǣǨǯǩǫǧǛǱǣǩǨǨǶǰ ǭǠǰǨǩǦǩǞǣǤ ǣ ǧǛǬǬǩǝǶǰ ǥǩǧǧǮǨǣǥǛǱǣǤ (ǋǩǬǥǩǧǨǛǟǢǩǫ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǩǠ ǛǞǠǨǭǬǭǝǩ Ǫǩ ǪǠǲǛǭǣ ǣ ǧǛǬǬǩǝǶǧ ǥǩǧǧǮǨǣǥǛǱǣǺǧ (ǋǩǬǪǠǲǛǭǷ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǩǠ ǛǞǠǨǭǬǭǝǩ ǬǝǺǢǣ (ǋǩǬǬǝǺǢǷ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǬǦǮǡǜǛ Ǫǩ ǝǠǭǠǫǣǨǛǫǨǩǧǮ ǣ ǯǣǭǩǬǛǨǣǭǛǫǨǩǧǮ ǨǛǟǢǩǫǮ (ǋǩǬǬǠǦǷǰǩǢ-ǨǛǟǢǩǫ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǩǠ ǛǞǠǨǭǬǭǝǩ Ǫǩ ǫǶǜǩǦǩǝǬǭǝǮ (ǋǩǬǫǶǜǩǦǩǝǬǭǝǩ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǬǦǮǡǜǛ Ǫǩ ǨǛǟǢǩǫǮ ǝ ǬǯǠǫǠ ǭǫǛǨǬǪǩǫǭǛ (ǋǩǬǭǫǛǨǬǨǛǟǢǩǫ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǩǠ ǛǞǠǨǭǬǭǝǩ ǝǩǢǟǮǳǨǩǞǩ ǭǫǛǨǬǪǩǫǭǛ (ǋǩǬǛǝǣǛǱǣǺ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǩǠ ǟǩǫǩǡǨǩǠ ǛǞǠǨǭǬǭǝǩ (ǋǩ-ǬǛǝǭǩǟǩǫ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǩǠ ǛǞǠǨǭǬǭǝǩ ǡǠǦǠǢǨǩǟǩǫǩǡ-ǨǩǞǩ ǭǫǛǨǬǪǩǫǭǛ (ǋǩǬǡǠǦǟǩǫ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǩǠ ǛǞǠǨǭǬǭǝǩ ǧǩǫǬǥǩǞǩ ǣ ǫǠǲ-ǨǩǞǩ ǭǫǛǨǬǪǩǫǭǛ (ǋǩǬǧǩǫǫǠǲǯǦǩǭ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǬǦǮǡǜǛ Ǫǩ ǭǫǮǟǮ ǣ ǢǛǨǺǭǩ-Ǭǭǣ (ǋǩǬǭǫǮǟ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǨǛǦǩǞǩǝǛǺ ǬǦǮǡǜǛ (Ǐǈǌ ǋǩǬǬǣǣ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǭǛǧǩǡǠǨǨǛǺ ǬǦǮǡǜǛ (ǏǍǌ ǋǩǬǬǣǣ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǩǠ ǥǛǢǨǛǲǠǤǬǭǝǩ (ǅǛǢǨǛǲǠǤ-Ǭǭǝǩ ǋǩǬǬǣǣ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǬǦǮǡǜǛ Ǫǩ ǛǥǥǫǠǟǣǭǛǱǣǣ (ǋǩǬǛǥǥǫǠǟǣǭǛǱǣǺ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǬǦǮǡǜǛ ǞǩǬǮǟǛǫǬǭǝǠǨǨǩǤǫǠǞǣǬǭǫǛǱǣǣ, ǥǛǟǛǬǭǫǛ ǣ ǥǛǫǭǩǞǫǛǯǣǣ(ǋǩǬǫǠǠǬǭǫ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǬǦǮǡǜǛ ǞǩǬǮǟǛǫǬǭǝǠǨǨǩǤǬǭǛǭǣǬǭǣǥǣ (ǋǩǬǬǭǛǭ)– ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǛǺ ǬǦǮǡǜǛ Ǫǩ ǣǨǭǠǦǦǠǥǭǮǛǦǷ-ǨǩǤ ǬǩǜǬǭǝǠǨǨǩǬǭǣ (ǋǩǬǪǛǭǠǨǭ)ǏǠǟǠǫǛǦǷǨǩǠ ǛǞǠǨǭǬǭǝǩ Ǫǩ ǮǪǫǛǝǦǠǨǣǹ ǞǩǬǮǟǛǫǬǭǝǠǨǨǶǧ ǣǧǮǴǠǬǭǝǩǧ (ǋǩǬǣǧǮ-ǴǠǬǭǝǩ)– ǊǩǬǩǦǷǬǭǝǩ ƻǝǬǭǫǛǦǣǣ– ǊǩǬǩǦǷǬǭǝǩ ƻǝǬǭǫǣǤǬǥǩǤ ǋǠǬǪǮǜǦǣǥǣ– ǊǩǬǩǦǷǬǭǝǩ ƻǫǞǠǨǭǣǨǬǥǩǤ ǋǠǬǪǮǜǦǣǥǣ– ǊǩǬǩǦǷǬǭǝǩ ǃǬǦǛǧǬǥǩǤ ǋǠǬǪǮǜǦǣǥǣƻǯǞǛǨǣǬǭǛǨ– ǊǩǬǩǦǷǬǭǝǩ ǅǩǫǩǦǠǝǬǭǝǛ ƼǠǦǷǞǣǣ– ǍǩǫǞǩǝǩǠ ǪǫǠǟǬǭǛǝǣǭǠǦǷǬǭǝǩ ƽǠǨǞǫǣǣ– ƾǠǨǠǫǛǦǷǨǩǠ ǥǩǨǬǮǦǷǬǭǝǩ ǏǫǛǨǱǣǣ– ǍǩǫǞǩǝǩǠ ǪǫǠǟǬǭǛǝǣǭǠǦǷǬǭǝǩ ǀǞǣǪǭǛ– ǍǩǫǞǩǝǩǠ ǪǫǠǟǬǭǛǝǣǭǠǦǷǬǭǝǩ ǇǛǦǛǤǢǣǣ– ǍǩǫǞǩǝǩǠ ǪǫǠǟǬǭǛǝǣǭǠǦǷǬǭǝǩ ǙǡǨǩǤ ǅǩǫǠǣ– ǍǩǫǞǩǝǩǠ ǪǫǠǟǬǭǛǝǣǭǠǦǷǬǭǝǩ ǋǮǧǶǨǣǣ– ǍǩǫǞǩǝǩǠ ǪǫǠǟǬǭǛǝǣǭǠǦǷǬǭǝǩ ǌǣǨǞǛǪǮǫǛ– ǍǩǫǞǩǝǩǠ ǪǫǠǟǬǭǛǝǣǭǠǦǷǬǭǝǩ ǌǦǩǝǛǱǥǩǤǋǠǬǪǮǜǦǣǥǣ– ǍǩǫǞǩǝǩ-ǸǥǩǨǩǧǣǲǠǬǥǣǤ ǩǭǟǠǦ ǭǩǫ-ǞǩǝǩǞǩ ǪǫǠǟǬǭǛǝǣǭǠǦǷǬǭǝǛ ǪǩǬǩǦǷǬǭǝǛ ǍǛǣǦǛǨǟǛ.

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