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Heading towards the Jovella Exhibition

July 9, 2007

State of IsraelMinistry of Industry, Trade & Labour

Diamonds, Precious Stones and Jewelry Administration

Research & Economic Administration

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Jewelry Put into NumbersJewelry Put into Numbers

Introduction and Key Findings

The Jewelry Industry in Israel

Household Jewelry Expenses

Jewelry Purchase by Women, Special Survey

We would like to thank Howard Ross, Michal Bar’el, Sigal Shidlovski, Merav Grinshtein. Moshe Meitar and Idit Mordechai for their analysis, writing, statistical processing and graphic design of this publication.

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Introduction and Key Findings

Introduction

Jewels have been used by man as decorative accessories since the dawn of time. The value and uniqueness of a jewel are usually determined according to the raw material it is made from, its rareness and the level of craftsmanship put into it. In ancient times, man created jewelry out of wood, ivory, clams and bones. In later times, the materials used for making jewelry became costlier: metals, such as gold, silver and platinum, and also precious stones, such as diamonds, agates and others.

In the past, jewelry (and other items) were used as a means of payment for goods and services. In our age, jewelry is a luxury product and its significance goes beyond its primary decorative purpose: a jewel can serve as a symbol of status and social attribution, a means for accumulating possessions, an expression of art-work, etc.

In that light, the fact that jewelry carries a considerable ceremonial significance in different cultures is not surprising at all; it symbolizes marriage and engagement, as well as tribal affiliation, and is regarded in many places as “lucky stones” with extraordinary properties or as a talisman providing protection from evil spirits and such.

The information in this publication is divided into three chapters1): The jewelry industry, household jewelry expenses and jewelry purchase by women (special survey). The statistical data in the different chapters was gathered from the following sources:

Jewelry industry – A special processing of data from the “Industry Indices – Compilation of Statistical Findings”, published by the Central Bureau of Statistics” in 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005.Household jewelry expenses – Key findings of the “Survey of Household Expenses, 2005”, that includes the total amounts spent by households on goods or services, including jewelry 2).

Jewelry purchase by women - Key findings of a special survey, conducted by the Economic Planning Administration and the Diamonds, Precious Stones and Jewelry Administration of the Ministry of Industry, Trade & Labor.

1 (Data in the three chapters is taken from different sources. Therefore, data from different chapters should not be crossed and compared, since it is based on different population samples .

2 (Data of the Central Bureau of Statistics is based on jewelry and watches bought for more than 100 NIS per item.

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A joint survey of the Economic Planning Administration and the Diamonds, Precious Stones and Jewelry Administration was conducted throughout April-May 2007. The survey included a statistical sample of about a thousand women over the age of 18 who had purchased jewelry in the course of last year3). The purpose of this survey was to create a basic data infrastructure, depicting jewelry purchase trends, seasonality and jewelry purchase scales; a valuable infrastructure – unavailable until now – for decision- makers in the Ministry of Industry, Trade & Labor, as well as for manufacturers and other businessmen in this field. The main tool used for data capture was a designated questionnaire, conducted via the telephone. The questionnaire covered the following issues:

* Demographic information: Who are the women who buy jewelry and how is their behavior influenced by various socio-demographic factors? What are the preferences of target audiences and sub-groups in the jewelry consumption market? * Consumer behavior: What are the main characteristics of women who purchase jewelry? Do women buy jewelry for themselves or as a present for others? Where do they buy jewelry? Why do they prefer a certain jewelry store over another? What are the popular purchase channels? Etc.* Psychological aspects: What are the key factors that motivate consumers to take a decision regarding jewelry purchase? How can jewelry manufacturers and sellers understand better what’s going on inside the heads of their women target market? How does exposure to commercials influence purchase tendencies? What are the attitudes regarding different features of jewelry products? Etc.At the same time, the survey tracks the different characteristics of women who buy jewelry in Israel, mapping and enriching knowledge based on various consumption aspects.The findings of this survey are of significance for jewelry retailers who compete in this market, as well as for whoever is intending to enter this market in the future. In addition, the survey presents information and insights that can assist members of the jewelry industry in their day-to-day activities and planning of future steps in this field.This publication summarizes the key findings out of the three data sources mentioned above regarding the jewelry industry, household jewelry expenses and patterns of jewelry purchase by women

3) Survey sampled 2000 women, out of which 49% (about a thousand women) reported that they had purchased jewelry in the course of that year; they were the ones who actually answered the questionnaire. Survey included only women, since they are the main consumers of jewelry – either buying jewelry themselves or having it purchased for them.

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Key Findings:

The Jewelry Industry in Israel 4), 2005:• The jewelry industry, regarded as a traditional industry, is amongst the oldest industries in Israel.

In 2005, total number of employees in the jewelry industry was 3,745 and industrial export summed up to 489 million dollars (out of which 70% came from gold jewelry).

• The jewelry industry in Israel is characterized by having relatively small-sized factories and many small workshops. In 2005, the average number of employees per factory was only ten, and most factories’ (84%) turnover was less than 5 million NIS. In addition, more than half (53%) of the total yearly turnover comes form only 3% of the total number of factories.

• The relative weight of the jewelry industry in Israel’s total industrial export is between twice to four times higher than its relative weight in Israel’s total industrial turnover. In view of that, the industry’s production is predominantly destined for foreign markets.

• The jewelry industry in Israel experienced a slowdown between the years 1995-2005, expressed in three key factors: A decrease in the industry’s number of employees, and a decrease in the industry’s relative weight in Israel’s total industrial export and total industrial turnover.

Household Jewelry Expenses, 2005:• In 2005, 16% of total household in Israel (312,000 households) purchased jewelry. Their total

yearly expenditure on Jewelry was 950 million NIS, 47% higher than the 645 million NIS that were spent on purchasing jewelry in 1997.

• A household (that purchased jewelry) spends 1.7% of its total monthly expenses on jewelry. • Households’ Average monthly expenditure on jewelry was 254 NIS5). It varied according to

household’s socio-demographic factors 6), as follows:- Muslims spent an average of 442 NIS per month on jewelry – about twice as high as what

Jewish, Christian and Druze households spent.- Average monthly expenditure on jewelry among native Jewish population7) was 241 NIS,

compared to 194 NIS among new Jewish immigrants (who had arrived in Israel after 1990).- Average monthly expenditure on jewelry among population with an educational

background of 16 years and more was the highest – 300 NIS, compared to 200 NIS among population with less than 12 years of education.

4) According to the Central Bureau of Statistics, the jewelry industry includes gold-work, silver-work and production of decorative jewelry items; the diamond industry is not part of it.

5 (These figures refer only to households who had purchased jewelry.6 (Socio-Demographic factors were determined according to head of household.

7 (Native Israelis or long-time immigrants from before 1990.

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8 (Including all sources of household income. Taken from the “households’ expenses survey”, conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics in 2005.

9 (Data regarding jewelry item price, place of purchase, type of product, person for which jewel is bought and reason for purchase, is based on the answers of women who had bought 1-4 jewelry items in the course of last year. In cases of more than 5 items, data was included as well.

10 (Number was estimated out of the total population of women over 18 years of age in Israel (taken from a manpower survey of the Central Bureau of Statistics, 2005).

11 (Not including engagement or wedding rings bought by women for themselves or for their spouses .

- No significant differences in jewelry expenses were found between different age groups, although population under 34 years old, spent, on average, a bit more than the other age groups – 271 NIS per month.- Households with an average monthly income of less than 6,500 NIS8), spent on average 134 NIS on jewelry; less than half the amount spent on jewelry by households with an average income of over 6,500 NIS.

Jewelry Purchase by Women 9), special survey – 2007:• 49% of women bought jewelry during the course of the year (about 1.2 million women10).• Most jewels that were bought are relatively cheap; about 60% of jewelry was bought for less

than 200 NIS, and only 5% was purchased for an amount of over 2000 NIS. The relatively small amounts paid for jewelry might explain the survey’s finding that women usually don’t compare between jewelry prices and are not aware of relevant sales. Only 24% of women who had bought jewelry last year reported that they regularly or usually compare prices, and only 13% reported that they usually follow jewelry sales.

• Average jewelry item price was 573 NIS. The most expensive items were rings11) (907 NIS per item on average), followed significantly behind by bracelets (683 NIS) and necklaces (589 NIS). Finally, the cheapest of all items were the earrings, with an average price of only 283 NIS per item.

• The most common place for buying jewelry is a non-chain jewelry store. 37% of jewelry was purchased there, compared to 23% that was bought in chains. Other places in which women had bought jewelry were: private non-chain stand (15%), direct purchase from a jewelry designer (6%), clothes or fashion stores (5%) and department stores (4%).

• Key reasons for purchasing jewelry in a particular store or chain were store’s credibility and quality of its jewelry. These two reasons were mentioned by 52% of women as the key reason for choosing a particular place for jewelry purchase.

• The most popular item of jewelry is the necklace – 72% of women, who had purchased jewelry last year, had bought at least one necklace. Average yearly expenditure on necklaces was 650 NIS, which was about 38% of total yearly expenses on jewelry. The second most popular jewel was earrings: 62% of women had bought at least one pair. However, average yearly expenditure on earrings was about 240 NIS (14%). Rings and bracelets are less popular, but yearly average expenditure on rings was quite high (about 500 NIS), which is 2% of total annual expenses on jewelry.

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• The main reason for preferring a certain jewel over another was the jewel’s design. More than half of the women (53%) mentioned it as the main guiding factor when choosing a jewel.• About one third (30%) of total jewelry items bought is “fashion jewelry”12); another one third (29%) is jewelry made of gold; about one quarter (23%) is jewelry made of silver and the rest is jewelry made of mixed raw materials (including diamonds and precious stones), that were not bought as often. However, one difference was found in choice of product type according to the purpose for which it is bought: Gold jewelry is more popular for presents, while “fashion jewelry” is more popular when buying for oneself. • 69% of jewelry purchased by women was for their own use, 21% for family members and only 10% for their spouses or friends. In addition, most jewelry (58%) was bought with no connection to a specific special event. The most common occasion mentioned in relation to jewelry purchase was birthdays (24%).

- 69% of women who had purchased jewelry are native Israeli Jews, 11% are new Jewish immigrants and 19% are Arabs 13). Average yearly expenditure on Jewelry among Arab women was 2,680 NIS. Veteran Israeli Jewish women, in comparison, spent only 1,426 NIS on average.

- 69% of women who had purchased jewelry are married, 24% are single and 6% are either widowed or divorced. Average yearly expenditure on Jewelry among married women was 1,950 NIS. Single women, in comparison, had only spent 1,222 NIS on average.

Women aged 45-54 spent the highest amount per jewelry item (740 NIS on average); compared to women aged 18-24, who had only spent 433 NIS on average.

- Distribution of women who purchased jewelry across different income groups14) is quite homogenous (meaning that there is no significant difference in the number of women buying jewelry among the different income groups). However, among women with a household income of more than 10,000 NIS, the average yearly expenditure on jewelry was 2,747 NIS, compared to 1,500 NIS in households with an income of less than the above amount.

- 69% of total women who had purchased jewelry were working women, and their yearly expenditure was 1,862 NIS on average. The remaining 31% were non- working women, with a yearly jewelry expenditure of only 1,477 NIS.

- About half of the women who had purchased jewelry are secular, about quarter of them are traditional and the rest are religious (14%) and religious orthodox (10%). Yearly expenditure of secular women was 1,535 NIS on average, compared to a yearly expenditure of only 873 NIS on average among religious women.

12“ (Fashion Jewelry”– Jewelry that is principally made out of inexpensive materials, such as beads, plain stones, plastic, etc.

13 (New Jewish Immigrants – after 1990. Arab Women – including Muslims, Christians and Druze.14) Income groups include: less than 6,500 NIS, 6,501-10,000 NIS and more than 10,001 NIS per household.

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- In addition to the jewelry that the women had bought themselves, 32% of women reported that in the course of the previous year they had received jewelry as a present from one of their family members. Cost of these additional presents, in addition to their annual average expenditure on jewelry, was over 2,000 NIS 15) on average.

15 (About half of women who had received jewelry as a gift, did not know or did not want to disclose the total cost of the jewelry, Therefore, the amount written is based only on the answers of women who did report the total cost.

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The Jewelry Industry 16 in Israel

218

3,745

m517$

0.8%

m489$

m337$

1.9%

Number of Factories

Number of Employees

Total Jewelry Turnover

Proportion of Jewelry Industry Turnover

to Israel’s Total Industrial Turnover

Total Jewelry Export

Export of Gold Jewelry

Proportion of Jewelry Industry Export

to Israel’s Total Industrial Export 17

16 (The jewelry industry includes gold jewelry, silver jewelry and production of decorative jewelry items .The diamond industry is not part of it.

17 (Total excluding diamonds.

Data from Industry Indices, 2005

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Chart 1 - Factories’ Distribution according to Turnover Volume

Chart 2 - Factories’ Distribution according to Turnover Volume And Contribution to Industry’s Total Employment and Turnover

43%

9%

12%

11%

25%

15%

8%

11%

12%

53%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

אחוז תרומה לתעסוקה אחוז תרומה לפדיון

מעל 50 מיליון ₪ ₪מיליון 25-50 ₪מיליון 10-25 ₪מיליון 5-10 עד 5 מליון ₪

100%Under 5 million NIS

84%

Over 50 million NIS 3%

5-10 million NIS 7%

10-25 million NIS 4%

25-50 million NIS 2%

Annual Turnover

Relative contribution to Industry’s Total Employment

Relative contribution to Industry’s Total Turnover

Under 5 million NIS 5-10 million NIS 10-25 million NIS 25-50 million NIS Over 50 million NIS

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Chart 4 - The Jewelry Industry’s Turnover, 1985 - 2005

230

300

558

487517

1.5%

1.0%

1.2%

0.9%0.8%

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

מיליוני דולרים

0.0%

0.2%

0.4%

0.6%

0.8%

1.0%

1.2%

1.4%

1.6%

פידיון במיליוני דולרים שוטפים אחוז הענף בסך הפידיון התעשייתי

5

15

31

50

83

100

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

עד 5 5-10 10-25 25-50 50-100 +100פידיון שנתי

במיליוני ש"ח

מספר עובדים

Chart 3 - Average Number of Employees according to Turnover Volume

10ממוצע עובדים למפעל -

Yearly TurnoverIn millions

of NIS

Number of Employees

Average number of employees per factory – 10

Million of dollars

Turnover in millions of current dollars Relative weight of industry in total industrial turnover

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2583

3518

5563

3878 3745

0.9%

1.1% 1.1% 1.1%

1.5%

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0.0%

0.2%

0.4%

0.6%

0.8%

1.0%

1.2%

1.4%

1.6%

מספר המועסקים מועסקים בענף התכשיטנות מכלל העובדים בתעשייה

Chart 6 - Jewelry Industry - Export, 1985 - 2005

489473

565

342

191

4.4% 4.4%

2.2%1.9%

4.6%

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

4.0%

4.5%

5.0%

20052000199519901985

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

ייצוא במיליוני דולרים שוטפים אחוז הענף מסך הייצוא התעשייתי

Chart 5 - Number and Proportion of Employees in the Jewelry Industry, 1985 - 2005

Number of Employees

Number of Employees Employees in jewelry industry out of Israel’s total industry employees

Million of dollars

Export in millions of current dollars Relative weight of industry in Israel’s total industrial export

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312,000

950 million

254 NIS

16%

1.7%

Total households that purchased Jewelry

Total yearly households’ expenditure on

Jewelry, in NIS

Average monthly expenditure on Jewelry

Per household

Proportion of households that had purchased

Jewelry

Proportion of Jewelry expenditure out of

households’ total monthly expenditure

18 (Data is taken from the Central Bureau of Statistics survey of household expenses. The data refers to both jewelry and watches bought for more than a 100 NIS per item.

19 (Data refers only to households who had purchased jewelry during 2005.

Household Jewelry Expenses 18

Data from Household Expenses Survey, 2005 19

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Chart 7 - Jewelry Expenditure per Population Sector

Chart 8 - Jewelry Expenditure according to native / immigrant population

₪ 196

₪ 442

₪ 191₪ 234

16% 15% 14% 20%

0.00%10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%80.00%90.00%100.00%

יהודיםנוצריםמוסלמיםדרוזים

050

100150200250300350400450500

הוצאה חודשית ממוצעת אחוז הקונים מתוך קבוצת האוכלוסיה

241 NIS

194 NIS

13%16%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

עולים לאחר 1990ילידי הארץ

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

*Data in this chart refers only to Jews. Origin is determined according to the head of the household.“ *Native Israeli” – Including long-time immigrants from before 1990.

Jews Druze Christians Muslims

NIS

Average monthly expenditure Proportion of buyers from this sector

Average monthly expenditure Proportion of buyers in population group

NIS

Native Israeli Immigrated after 1990

NIS 234 NIS 191 NIS 196

NIS 442

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Chart 9 - Jewelry Expenditure according to Educational Background

Chart 10 - Jewelry Expenditure according to Age

298 NIS

265 NIS

200 NIS 223 NIS

14%11%17%

21%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

16+13-1511-12up to 10

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

₪ 257₪ 252

₪ 236

₪ 271

17% 19% 20%10%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

עד 55+45-5435-4434

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

*Level of education was determined according to the head of the household.

*Age was determined according to the head of the household.

Average monthly expenditure Proportion of buyers in population group

NIS

Years of education

Average monthly expenditure Proportion of buyers in population group

NIS

Age

271 NIS

236 NIS

252 NIS

257 NIS

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Chart 11- Jewelry Expenditure according to Household’s Income

₪ 303

₪ 219

₪ 361

₪ 134

9% 10%18%

26%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

20,001+10,001-20,0006,501-10,000up to 6,500

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

הוצאה חודשית ממוצעת אחוז הקונים מתוך קבוצת האוכלוסיה

*Including all sources of household income. Data is taken from the Central Bureau of Statistics survey of household expenses, 2005.

NIS

Average monthly expenditure Proportion of buyers in population group

134 NIS

219 NIS

303 NIS

361 NIS

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49% of women purchased jewelry in the course of last year (1.2 million Women) 20

Women had bought on average 5.2 jewelry items per year.

69% of jewelry bought by women was for their own use.

58% of jewelry was purchased with no connection to any special occasion, and only 42% were bought for events such as birthdays, holidays, etc.

37% of Jewelry was bought in non-chain jewelry stores.

20 (Figure was estimated out of the total population of women in Israel over the age of 18 (taken from the Central Bureau of Statistics survey of household expenses, 2005).

*Charts 12-14, 16 and 18-19 are based on the answers of women who had bought 1-4 jewelry items in the course of last year. In cases of more than 5 items, data was included as well.

Jewelry Purchase by WomenData from special survey, 2007

The Economic Planning Administration

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Chart 12 - Expenditure Distribution for a Single Jewelry Item

Chart 13 - Distribution of Jewelry Expenditure by WomenAccording to Jewelry Type

5%6%

10%

20%

39%

20%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

עד 100 101-200 201-500 501-1000 1001-2000 up to 2001

ש"ח

מחיר ממוצע לתכשיט 573 ש"ח

Earrings - 14%

Bracelet - 19%

Ring - 29%

Necklace - 38%

100%

*Necklace expenditure includes 2% spent on other jewelry items such as pins and medallions.

NIS

Proportion

Average price per jewelry item573 NIS

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37%

23%

15%

6%

5%

4%

0.8%

0.6%

0.5%

0.3%

0.2%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

Non-chain Jew elry Store

Non-chain Private Stand

Clothes or Fashion Stores

Agent / Salesman

Duty Free

T.V / Internet Shopping Channel

Chart 14 - Where do Women Shop for Jewelry?

Chart 15 - Key Reasons for Choosing a Particular Jewelry Store

*Does not add up to 100% due to other shopping location, not included in the chart, such as gift shops and cosmetics stores .

* Question referred to choice of a jewelry store or chain.

Selection of jewelry 19%

Store’s credibility 27%Low prices compared to other stores 15%

Quality of Jewelry 26%

Possibility of a “tailored order” 3%

Level of comfort in purchase 3%

Possibility of item replacement / refund 3%

A well-known and experienced store or chain 3%

Location inside a shopping mall 2%

100%

Non-chain Jewelry Store

T.V / Internet Shopping Channel

Jewelry Factory

Duty Free

Diamond Bourse

Agent / Salesman

Department Store

Clothes or Fashion Stores

Direct Purchase from a Jewelry Designer

Non-chain Private Stand

Jewelry Chain Stores

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Chart 16 - Distribution of Jewelry Purchase accordingto Product Type

Chart 17 - Key Reasons for Choosing a ParticularJewelry Item

“ *Fashion Jewelry”– is jewelry that is principally made out of inexpensive materials, such as beads, plain stones, plastic, etc.

Gold 29%

Silver 23%

Fashion Jewelry 30%

Gold embedded with diamond/s 3%

Gold embedded with precious stones 4%

Silver embedded with precious stones 7%

Combination of silver and gold 4%

Jewel’s Design 53%

Jewel’s Quality 15%

Jewel’s Uniqueness 12%

A comfortable-to-wear jewel 6%

Jewel’s Price 6%

A jewel that is currently fashionable 4%

Investment 2%

A jewel that would last for a long time 2%

Hand-made jewel 1%

100%

100%

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Chart 18 - Why Do Women Buy Jewelry?

Chart 19 - For Whom Do Women Buy Jewelry?

*Not including engagement or wedding rings bought by women for themselves or for their spouses.

* Calculated from total jewelry purchases, meaning: 69% out of jewelry purchased by women in the course of last year were bought for their own use.

For themselves 69%

For their spouse 4%

For family members 21%

For friends 6%

With no-connection to any special event 58%

For a Birthday 24%

For a New Birth 1%

For Marriage, Engagement* 8%

For a Bar/Bat Mitzvah 2%

For the Holidays 5%

For Mother’s Day 1%

For a Wedding Anniversary 1%

100%

100%

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Chart 20 - Proportion of Jewelry Purchase by WomenAccording to Jewelry Type

41%45%

62%

72%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

צמיד טבעת עגילים שרשרת *Total women who had bought specific item last year (out of the total number of women who had bought jewelry items).

Earrings NecklaceRingBracelet

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Proportion of Jewelry

Buyers

Average Price per Jewelry

Item

Average Yearly

Expenditure on Jewelry 1

NationalityJewsNew Immigrant JewsArabs 2

69%11%19%

478 NIS719 NIS856 NIS

1,426 NIS1,832 NIS2,680 NIS

Marital StatusMarriedSingleWidowed/Divorced

69%24%6%

651 NIS398 NIS528 NIS

1,950 NIS1,222 NIS1,550 NIS

ReligiousnessSecularTraditionalReligiousReligious Orthodox

51%25%14%10$

498 NIS520 NIS356 NIS433 NIS

1,535 NIS1,756 NIS873 NIS

1,395 NIS

Age Groups18-2425-3435-4445-5455-6465+

18%22%20%20%15%5%

433 NIS542 NIS441 NIS740 NIS664 NIS518 NIS

1,290 NIS1,719 NIS1,377 NIS2,406 NIS2,063 NIS1,380 NIS

OccupationWorkingNot-working

69%31%

587 NIS494 NIS

1,862 NIS1,477 NIS

Income 3Under 6,500 NIS6,501 – 10,000 NISMore Than 10,001 NIS

31%32%37%

487 NIS521 NIS766 NIS

1,408 NIS1,569 NIS2,747 NIS

Total Population

100%573 NIS1,713 NIS

Jewelry Purchase by Women – Socio-Demographic features

1) The total yearly expenditure was detailed by 86% of women who had purchased jewelry. This expenditure includes jewelry bought by women for other people, but does not include jewelry that women had received as gifts.2) Arabs – including Muslims, Christians and Druze.3) Total monthly income from all sources of the entire family.