classic.csunplugged.org · 1 (b)) ‹.&’ ‰+–: (‹&’ ‰+–: (j. ‹..&’ 1...

13
!"#$ %& ( )$%&*$ +,-’".#$ !" #$%& : !"#"$%&’ () * +, -./*0)1 2.34 5)6.$%78&’ 9.: ;’ <.= >3?.3@ -8.A B’C.4 7= <$7D5&".E >.3F ) C.G’1 1 5H.I ( J./: . K.$L 087M N8O# +P "0 - !"73L 1 Q"DRP Q’C(*@"E <$7D5&’ <MST U ’()*+,!" -./(!" !"$V"MR : >$W"0F&’ B’C4;’ . !"$V"MR : 5%X&’ . #01*2(!" 3"45.(!" 9E"?Y&’ CZ&’ >#R"/7&’ 93?3?*&’ CZ&’ 61*2(!" 7(+!" [6: "7: !’60@ \%@ #01*2(!" 8"1(!" +68M +P ]$YE >$W"0F&’ B’C4;’ !"D"^E <= >467X= 2&’ _"*Y) ‘"0T >467X= -8& !"D"^E a7b ) c . 9 ( 95,:; <!5= >? : !"D"^E a7b I <= >YH 6 . >$W"0F&’ B’C4;’ d"O# >YHI ) c . 5 ( #)@5AB" 35=5C/!" : >$W"0F&’ B’C4;’ Q’C(*@e d"O# >YHI ) c . 7 ( 5?&’ -W"@5&’ f"@RP d"O# >YHI >M ) c . 8 ( d"O# >YHI QB67&’ 1 9#15*8&g’ CM5%&’ ) c . 9 ( <= 5FL; CZ&’ d"O# >YHI 31 ) c . 10 ( >$W"0F&’ B’C4;’ <= CM,7&’ d"O# >YHI ) c . 11 ( Photocopiable for classroom use only. 3 © 2002 Computer Science Unplugged (www.unplugged.canterbury.ac.nz)

Upload: lamquynh

Post on 04-Aug-2019

216 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: classic.csunplugged.org · 1 (b)) ‹.&’ ‰+–: (‹&’ ‰+–: (j. ‹..&’ 1 (12

!"#$ %&' (– )$%&*$ +,-'".#$ !"#$%&:!"#"$%&' () *+, -./*0)1 2.34 5)6.$%78&' 9.: ;' <.= >3?.3@ -8.A B'C.4 7= <$7D5&".E >.3F ) C.G'1 1 5H.I( J./: . K.$L087MN8O# +P "0 -!"73L 1 Q"DRP Q'C(*@"E <$7D5&' <MSTU

'()*+,!" -./(!"!"$V"MR :>$W"0F&' B'C4;'. !"$V"MR :5%X&'.

#01*2(!" 3"45.(!"

9E"?Y&' CZ&' >#R"/7&'

93?3?*&' CZ&'

61*2(!" 7(+!" [6: "7: !'60@ \%@

#01*2(!" 8"1(!"

+68M +P ]$YE >$W"0F&' B'C4;' !"D"^E <= >467X= 2&' _"*Y)`"0T >467X= -8& !"D"^E a7b )c .9(

95,:; <!5= >?: !"D"^E a7bI <= >YH6.

>$W"0F&' B'C4;' d"O# >YHI)c.5(

#)@5AB" 35=5C/!":

>$W"0F&' B'C4;' Q'C(*@e d"O# >YHI)c .7( 5?&' -W"@5&' f"@RP d"O# >YHI >M)c .8(

d"O# >YHI QB67&' 1 9#15*8&g' CM5%&')c .9( <= 5FL; CZ&' d"O# >YHI31) c .10(

>$W"0F&' B'C4;' <= CM,7&' d"O# >YHI)c .11(

Photocopiable for classroom use only. 3 © 2002 Computer Science Unplugged (www.unplugged.canterbury.ac.nz)

Page 2: classic.csunplugged.org · 1 (b)) ‹.&’ ‰+–: (‹&’ ‰+–: (j. ‹..&’ 1 (12

)$%&*$+,-'".#$ #DEF(!"

['R1P h$3?) -%D>YHI 9: B6i67&' d"O0&') 5 (jkl^&' 2&e 2&e !"$@"@;' mV6# +P "0$34 nXM' kl^&.

T 9:S' # <M57*&' _"*Y !".D"^E a.7b 2&e) ".7L 6.T o".#BP ( , n.XM !".D"^%&' +6.8) +P .pi <.= >.^/0= <.= q"r.$E1 > s5bt;' >pX&'. "E hD ?7b R"$*b> E '6=6/$& klu !"D"^%&' v5Z hpWl=w Q"=P .1 nXM +P >.4w6= !"D"^%&' +68) 9&"*&' n$)5*&"E:

!"#CG5/( &' BC4 9: xyGl) zS&' "=/0" d >.D"^E -.L 9: {B6i67&' U) KZ.V 2.34 z6.*Y) >.D"^E -.L ./0&' BC.4" >.D"^%&' <.= d

"p0$7M 234 9*&' (.

/0&' BC4 hLm%|$@ d" U>@B"?&' >D"^%&' 9: )32 (19: d"/0&' BC4 "="p$3) 9*&' >D"^%&' ... U

B'C4P <M68) "0087M 1 !"D"^%&' }ZE n3D h) '~e ".D"^%&' 2.34 {B6.i67&' d"/0&' \7i ! >.E63/= 5.$�&' . kl.^&' �D".# <M6.8) >$H$8E BC.4 6 E Q'C(*.@" ".D"^%&'!) 2 ./#" 1 d4 ./#"d( , BC.4 115) 8 ,4 ,2 1 1 >.^/07&' !".D"^%&' <.= ( , 1

�"rMPBC4 21) 16 ,4 1 1... (

k5i +�'68)M <Q"DR;' �q'C*E'5HI BCZ&' <= .

6yGlM +P kl^&' 234 nXM' 9*&' !'57&' BC4 "p$: n3/) >.D"^E -.L ) >.D"^E -.L %&' KZ.V n.3/) ^ 2.34 9.*&' >.D""TR"?M .(

>D"^%&' �#"L '~e 7)H {5T"� )>E63/= ( -F7) 9p: 5HI BCZ&')0 .( C.G'1 BC.Z&' -.F7) ".p#�: {5T".� >.D"^%&' �.#"L '~e1)1 .(B'C4;' +68*) 'S8T1>$W"0F&' )Binary Number( ..

f�@'N68$& kl^&' 9W"0F&' BCZ&' '6# )01001 ("E!"D"^%&' Q'C(*@ .hD5&' 6T "= 'Sp& z5OZ&' 9W"0F&' BCZ&'U

) 9( '~e 6T "= BCZ&' 9W"0F&' -F7M zS&' 17U )10001(

5FLP >3F=P q"^4�E >/M5^&' R'58) f1"G{58H&' n&"^&' hpHM 2*G .

C4"?) >$:"Ve <MR"7) >?7b `"0T n&"^&' hp: 234 �6V6= >.$W"0F&' B'C4;' 'S.T 9.: &' -|.H .: kl.^&' 2.34 n.X$ -G '6&1"YM +P<MR"7*&' oST.

4 Photocopiable for classroom use only. © 2005 Computer Science Unplugged (www.unplugged.canterbury.ac.nz)

Page 3: classic.csunplugged.org · 1 (b)) ‹.&’ ‰+–: (‹&’ ‰+–: (j. ‹..&’ 1 (12

)�7�<M5 :4;'�� B'C&'�0F�>$W"

I*+JJ K)? LEM+N#P C/*Z) -Txj�"0?G UCZ&' �#"8=�E T CZ3& {CMCi >/M5u Ci6M "0.

+P h..3Z) -..T5)6..$%78&' +"..7DR J../: QC(*?..M "..7T ..&' 5H|)0 ( 1&' C..G'6)1(q9..A -..L U <..= o'5..) 1P xZ7?..) w"..pi8&'5)6$%7- -F= !"738&' !"$Z7?&' jQ"DR;' jR6|&' j Ql.:;' 2*G 1P : 9.p ".pZ$7i 'C(*.@"E >.#,(=Q' +".7D5&) 0 (1)1 (. ) �6@ <MR"7*&' oST �87 H$L h.3Z) <= �0 >.$ f".@Re 0.E �/MC.I 2.&e >M5.@ >&".@R "p=C(*?.M 9.*&' >./M5^&' aH

w"pi5)6$%78&' .

35()*+,!" hD�/E &' !"D"^% 4w67&' >j ZV h� "p234 >.&1"^&' .$YE 2.34 z6.*Y) 9.*&' >.D"^%&' +P ] )16 ( 2.34 \.V6) >.^/#pX&'>o"#BP <$%= 6T "7L s5?$&' :

/M5^&"E >46V6= !"D"^%&' +P CL�)>>Y$Y|&' mV6= 6T "7L .

E hDn3/ }ZE %&' m.V6= 6.T "7L d"/# >?7b 6T >E63/= 5$�&' !"D"^%3& 938&' d"/0&' �67X= +68M +P ]$YE !"D"^Po"#B.

1"G +�'f f6|Y&' E� !"D"^%&' Q'C(*@ >$&"*&' Q"DR;' 234 ) 3 j12 j19. ( >./M5u <.= 5.FLP `"0T -T <.= ".0087)' 234 f6|Y&oST Q"DR;' .= U x.$34 -|.Y) +P <.87M zS.&' 5.%L;' BC.Z&' 6.T ""E !".D"^%&' Q'C(*.@ j1 6.T ".= BC.Z&'

5�I;'5�IP 1 5%LP <$E "= hDR zP `"0T -T UBC4 <=x$34 f6|Y&' <877&' 5$� U!"D"^%&"E x0M68) 1P

O5?P Q5CR : +68) +P f1"G oST Q"DR;' &".*&' n.$)5*&"E 94!3!2!1 . >./M5u 2.&e -.I6*&' 1P �"O.*Le �.#"8=�E -.T UC...............G'6E BC...............Z&' {B"...............M,& !"...............D"^%&' n...............3D �...............M5u <...............4 >%...............@"0= 1 >...............$/^0=

Photocopiable for classroom use only. 5 © 2002 Computer Science Unplugged (www.unplugged.canterbury.ac.nz)

Page 4: classic.csunplugged.org · 1 (b)) ‹.&’ ‰+–: (‹&’ ‰+–: (j. ‹..&’ 1 (12

+,-'".#$ )$%&*$ /'0'12

6 Photocopiable for classroom use only. © 2005 Computer Science Unplugged (www.unplugged.canterbury.ac.nz)

Page 5: classic.csunplugged.org · 1 (b)) ‹.&’ ‰+–: (‹&’ ‰+–: (j. ‹..&’ 1 (12

S;7(J : T"E&,UV "EWX" 8#)Y5/Z!" >$W"0F&' B'C4;' Q"y# QC(*?M <MBCZ&' 5HI )0 ( C.G'1 1)1 ( BC.Y$& +e P >.E63/= >.D"^%&' �.#"L � Q ).0( 9.0Z) >E63/= >D"^%&' +P1 )1 (>E63/= 5$� 90Z) ]$YEP \$^*?) /0&' s5) +"d"p$: .f"F7&' -$%@ 234:

CMCY) �#"8=�E -T 6T"=BCZ&' -F7M zS&' )10101 ( 1 U "= 6TBCZ&'-F7M zS&' )11111 (U

U!C&1 5pO&' <= Q6M zP 9:' x%*L>$W"0F&' B'C4;' >/M5u 234 .$= Q6M 6T "=>$W"0F&' B'C4;' >/M5^E �/MCI BlU

P f1"G -I6*) +2&e>3F=;' oSp& -G :

O5?P ["\U :"E f'6u�.E 9|Z&' <= >467X= Q'C(*@)16!8!4!2!1( .N8# +P <.87M K.$L 6 >.H3*(= f'6u�.E 9|.4 +�+P ]$YE <= -DP �"7W'B f6^&' 32U

Photocopiable for classroom use only. 7 © 2002 Computer Science Unplugged (www.unplugged.canterbury.ac.nz)

Page 6: classic.csunplugged.org · 1 (b)) ‹.&’ ‰+–: (‹&’ ‰+–: (j. ‹..&’ 1 (12

<M57) :e@R">M5@ >&"@R f z6.3Z&' �E".^&' 9: 5@"M ,XG & -.Y= 9.: "M'C.p3 j �' 6.T1+ +P C.M5M \.i5M E x)5.@P \.= -.H*YM 9.8& �.$%&' 2.&' C.$Z

oBl$= . x$34 '~"7: -ZHM +P _15(3& f"|)g' f1"G C/& UxD":5E CGP CXM h3: hp0= , C.GP >Z7?.M h.3: �'5|.&' f1".G1 .1 �G� {�X: +P 5@"M ̀ "0T A -E"/7&' 20%7&' 9: "= �"|(j+"L1 >4".@ 9D 5)6$%78&' w"pi 234 -7ZM f'w"= {5b�.*=

-$3&' <= . O&' 'ST o"%*#e �H3M +P 5@"$& <87M K$8:U�( ' x0T~ 9: !5^b h� x&6G 5@"M �H*& >3TS= {58: - �E8=" + R'6#P QC(*?M +P 5@"M{5XA �(O.&' 2&' >&"@R -@5M 98& Bl$7&' zS.&' ' 2.0%7&' 9.: � 5.b ! P 5.@"M KO.*L' x.# '~e

E Q"D-|H {q"Vg' TB"4P h� {5XO&' <4 " #�:x x#"8=�E B'C4;' w6=R QC(*?M +P >.$W"0F&' &".@R -.I6$&> 2.34 -p?.M ��' 20%7&' 9: �(O&'b"p7p: 5 .P �#"8=�E -p:oST �*0*?) +U>&"@5&'

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

a b c d e f g h i j k L M 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

n o p q r s t u v w x y Z

8 Photocopiable for classroom use only. © 2005 Computer Science Unplugged (www.unplugged.canterbury.ac.nz)

Page 7: classic.csunplugged.org · 1 (b)) ‹.&’ ‰+–: (‹&’ ‰+–: (j. ‹..&’ 1 (12

<M57) :QB67&' 1 9#15*8&g' CM5%&' >$W"0F&' B'C4;' QC(*?M QB67&' �M5u <4 �#5*#g"E f6I67&'5)6$%78&' -W".@R -.@5$& >.$#15*8&e . .M QB6.7&' QC(*?

!6|&')n$E (g !"=63Z7&' f"@R . +P ].$G B".Y&' !6|.&') n.$E ( -.F7M )1 ( }H(0.7&' !6|.&' 1) k6.E ( -.F7M)0( oST �>.$&"4 >45?.E -@5) !'6I;' .& �'C.i 'S "E ".= -.L x4"7.@ "0*4"^*.@ QB6.7&' <.= RB".I �4,.= !6.I 6.T .

"pi& >3�"7= >/M5u QC(*?M aL"H&' w!"=63Z7&' f"@Re 9: QB673�"rMP .

E"' 9*&' >&"@5&' Q'C(*@9: 5@"M "p=C(*@"M'Cp&' -Y= j f"@Re f1"G�/MCI 2&' >$#15*8&e >&"@R .

Photocopiable for classroom use only. 9 © 2002 Computer Science Unplugged (www.unplugged.canterbury.ac.nz)

Page 8: classic.csunplugged.org · 1 (b)) ‹.&’ ‰+–: (‹&’ ‰+–: (j. ‹..&’ 1 (12

S;7(J :SD 7Z?] EW 31

��&' 234 {5y# 5bP {5= !"D"^%&' sj \.%*7&' +6#"./&' 6.T ".= ./0&' BC.4 2.34 �5.Z*3& "d 9.: !".D"^%&'U ".0087M K.$L1 >:5Z= D"^%&' 9: {B6i67&' d"/0&' BC4 U {C.MCi >.D"^E 9.: d"/0&' BC4 >:5Z= "0087M K$L1 U>$&"*&' > ".7L ".0#�: �.Gl) 5#P <M68*& !"D"^%&' <= -$3D BC4 CM{5$%L Q"DR.

ej<Z7*E !"D"^%&' 2&' !5y# '~!"D"^%&' <$E 5y03& >*H3= >Dl4 CX) �6?: :

j4 j8 j16 ... 2 j1

�Z7i '~e1+2+4 = U>X$*0&' 9T "= U

' +��' \7i1+2+4+8=U

e >X$*0&' 9T "=UQ"DR;' \$7i "0Z7i '~

jCZ3& �ZE"IP QC(*?) +P �#"8=�E <= -T <8& � \%^&"E U{5O4 <= 5FL; CZ) +P <877&' "E �.7D 6.& <.8&1 j Q'C(*.@ >$W"0F&' B'C4;' Q"y# \%IP -L �3Zi1 9: &' C$&'{CG'6 ./0&' <.= BC.4 2&e ,=5M " +P <.877&' <.7: d <.= C.Z))0-31(

E"*@{CG'1 CM Q'C( .+P 2?0)�1)0 (�"rMP hDR 5%*ZM.

tZ) +P f1"GE �"$3?3?) C"�ZE"IP Q'C(*@ , 2.&' ,.=5M 6.p: �".46:5= \%I;' +"L '~�:) 1 ( 6.p: -H.@;' 2.&e +".L '~e1e ,=5M2& ) 0. (

7M<= CZ) +P �08)0-1023( '~e '�=C(*@�MCM <$*0�g' .

M6u QC/&' \E"IP �#"L 6& =1 >3 <7: >#5 Q"DRP 2&' CZ) +P <877&' 5%LP ."%: �087M {CG'1 CM Q'C(*@e CZ) +P 2.&) 32 ( E 1" e CZ) +P �087M <$*0��' �MCM Q'C(*@2&)32×32 = 1024 ( , 6T "7: &' x.$&e -|.) +P <.877&' <.= 5.%L;' BC.Z E Q'C(*@�U�$=CD 1 �MCM

10 Photocopiable for classroom use only. © 2005 Computer Science Unplugged (www.unplugged.canterbury.ac.nz)

Page 9: classic.csunplugged.org · 1 (b)) ‹.&’ ‰+–: (‹&’ ‰+–: (j. ‹..&’ 1 (12

<M57) : <4 CM,7&'B'C4;' >$W"0F&' <= �& >OTC7&' �W"|(&' "= 6T >$W"0F&' B'C4 "0ZV1 6& �CYM )0( <.4 ".0738) '~e U hD5.&' <= 207$&' >pX&' 234

..: >M5O..Z&' Q"..DR;'>:"..Ve +� ) 0(' 2..349..: k15r..= hD5..&' -..ZXM 2..07$&' >..pX& )10 ( .&' -$%..@ 2..34 f"..F7 )9 (e f6Y*)2&) 90 1 30 (e f6Y*) 2&)300 (.

�'~e"="0ZV1 6& >X$*0&' )0 ( &' 234 <= 207$&' >pX9W"0� BC4U

1001 ! 10010 (9) (?)

f1"G "= �*0*?) +P+6#"/&'�*7&' �%\ >X$*0&' 2&e f6I63& j Un%?&' 6T "=1

��lL&' !"D"^%&' <= ' h) 9*) "p='C(*@2&e ,=5) �E( ‘bit’ 5)6$%78&' 9: ) f'‘bit’ >.73L 2.&' R"|*be 6T ‘binary digit’( .�&S& MCXE;' �5G;' ' h) 9*&' > �' 2&e "p='C(*@ E "p0M68) <87M +� !".D"^E a7b Q'C(*@P a.7b 1 ‘bits’ .

P 5)6$%78&' 234 <8&134 �5Z*M +�5G;' \$7i 2j�"rMP 1 Q"DR;' 5&' -F= w6= $P 1#.

e 5.y#tP >.G6& 2.& m$)".H7&' (Keyboard) 1 ' R;' 1 �5.G;' <.= h.L �*0*.@ P 5)6.$%78&' 2.34 n.XM w6.=5&' 1 Q".D +Mf' <= hL U"p$34 �5Z* ‘bits’oST +,($& 5)6$%78&' _"*YM!"=63Z7&' U

!".HM5Z) QC(*?.) 5)6.$%78&' {,piP hyZ=) 98.@�( ASCII ��l.L K.M5Z) <.4 {R".%4 9.T1 1 �5.G;'1 w6.=5&' <.= E Q"DR;'� &' <= BC4 Q'C(*@� ‘bits’ . ' 2&' _"*Y) >$&1C&' !"�3&' }ZE .M5Z) <.= <87*.3& 5%LP B'C4P Q'C(*@ �5.GP K

78&' 9: >�3&'%5)6$ .

Photocopiable for classroom use only. 11 © 2002 Computer Science Unplugged (www.unplugged.canterbury.ac.nz)

Page 10: classic.csunplugged.org · 1 (b)) ‹.&’ ‰+–: (‹&’ ‰+–: (j. ‹..&’ 1 (12

5)6$%78&' {,piP QC(*?) Q"M;' oST !".=63Z7&' -.$F7*& >.$W"0F&' Q"DR;' Q"y# . Q".y0&' 97.@ C./& x.#; 9W".0F&"E C(*?.M QjJ/: <$7DR .7T " C.G'6&'1 5H|.&' . }Z%.&' 1 ' x.$34 �.3^M 9W".0F&' �".@;' Q".y# h.@ ) 7&' 9.: QC(*?.# <.Y# !l=".Z

z5OZ&' �"@;' Q"y# >$=6$&' .( >.73L �.3^) 9W".0F&' Q"y0&' 9: ̂ _0 (bit) C.G'6&'1P 5H|.&' 2.34 9.T >.738&' oS.T1 & R"|*be� )itinary digb (&'1� bit�{B"4 9: -F7M>$?$W5&' 5)6$%78&' {5L'~ f6Y7E j�$DB lF7: )0 ( �3�= 90ZM

)off (1 )1( �6*H= 90ZM )on ( 1P-F7M <G"A �M5u <4 9W"E5pL�$DB +6YO= 5$� 1P +6YO= 'S8T1.

4 ' C0 �3@ >^@'6E !"#"$%&' f"/*# 1P K)"T ]$YE K3*(M 5=;' +�: 6MB'R >i6= ' h*M >$)6.I !".i6= Q'C(*@ -.$F7*& <MBCZ&' jCG'6&' 1 5H|&' -F7) >rH(07&' >$)6|&' >i67&": )0( >ZH)57&'1 )1( .1 7&' JM5O&' >&"G 9: 9?$u"0�

5)6$%78&' 9: >%3|&'1 >#57&' <M,(*&' c'5DP1 -$X?*&' >u5A�L j)floppy disks and hard disks (�+�: .&' � bit "E >3F7= +68)f"7A -8A 234 >&w"Z&' >/%^&' m^@ 234 9?$u"0�7&' f"X7&' o"X)-k60i 1P k60i-f"7A.

r7&' !"#'6^@g' >&"G 9: >u6�)CD-RO jDVDjCD (�+�:&' � bit/M5^E -F7) 9W6r.&' �"8Z#g' > Q6./) ].$YE q6r&' a8ZE "=e >&w"Z&' >/%^&')0 ( o5M57) 1P)1.(

"E "07D '~e 5HI Q'C(*@ 1P CG'1)bit CG'1 J/: ( 20Z= zP -F7M <3: 'Sp3: -.L +6.8) ].$YE !".467X= 9: �Z7i <.= >.#68= >467X= )8 ( 5.I"04) C.G'1 1P 5H.Ij 8 bits( �.M"E 27?.) )byte ( >.467X= -.8E \$^*?.# 9&".*&"E1

<= Q"DR;' -$F7) )0( 2&e )255( .

>X&"Z= 9: x)RCD 234 C7*Z) 5)6$%78&' >45@ >$W"0F&' B'C4;')bits ( &' 9.: : {C.G'6&' >.$37Z f".F7&' -$%.@ 2.3Z w".pi Q"y# 1~ 5)6$%78&' 32-bitE >.X&"Z= x.#"8=�32 9W".0� BC.4 9.:&' >.$37Z&' 1 {C.G'6 ".pi w 5)6.$%78&' Q".y# 1~ 16-bit

>X&"Z= \$^*?M )16 ( 9W"0� BC4 9.:&' >.$37Z&' {C.G'6 . Q".y0&' 1~ 5)6.$%78&' w".pi 'S.p3: ) ( 16-bit >.X&"Z7E Q6./M )32 ( 9W"0� BC4 9&"*&"E1 <$*3|H0= <$*$37ZE?$@�D1 [5�*<= f6uP Q"y# ) 32-bit. (

;' j�6..V67&' >..M"p# 9..:>..$W"0F&' B'C..4 )bits(..&' 1 �bytes +")C..$G6&' +"..*/M5^&' "..7T w"..pi "..7p&lb <..= \$^*?..M �5.G;'1 Q".DR;'1 R6|.&"L !".=63Z7&' <M,.()1 f".@Re 5)6$%78&'. >.:5Z7& >.=B"/&' !"u"O.0&' 9.: [5.^*# �6.@ !"#"$%&' -$F7) >$374 9: 5)6$%78&' w"pi "p=C(*?M s5bP [5u.

12 Photocopiable for classroom use only. © 2005 Computer Science Unplugged (www.unplugged.canterbury.ac.nz)

Page 11: classic.csunplugged.org · 1 (b)) ‹.&’ ‰+–: (‹&’ ‰+–: (j. ‹..&’ 1 (12

Photocopiable for classroom use only. 13 © 2002 Computer Science Unplugged (www.unplugged.canterbury.ac.nz)

Page 12: classic.csunplugged.org · 1 (b)) ‹.&’ ‰+–: (‹&’ ‰+–: (j. ‹..&’ 1 (12

` [1*:!" 35:)A1,!" S;7(J :/Z!" 8"EWX" #)Y5) #:a$5(

BCZ&' -$F7*&3;' >D"^%&' _"*Y# >$#"F&' 1 2&1 )1 1 >^/# 2"*^/# +(

BCZ&' -$F7*&12 >ZE'5&'1 >F&"F&'>D"^%&' _"*Y# )4 1 d"/# 8d"/# (

-$F7*& BCZ&'19 >?="(&'1 >$#"F&'1 2&1;' >D"^%&' _"*Y# )1 1 >^/# 2"*^/# 1 +16>^/# (

& J/: {CG'1 >/M5u `"0TQ"DR;' <= hDR zP -$F7* .

6T {B6i67&' !"D"^%&"E x3$F7) \$^*?# hDR 5%LP)31 ( 6T hDR 5�IP 1)0 ( j 1 ".7p0$E"= h.DR zP -.$F7) ".0087M 1 {CG'1 >/M5^E -F7M Q"DR;' <= hDR -LJ/: <4 >H3*(= +68)1 hDR zP 5b�.

O5?b!" ["\U :

{5T".� 5.$� d"./0&' +6.8) ].$YE 5.b�' x.i6&' 2.34 !"D"^%&' \$7i n3/E Q6/#j 2.34 >.D"^E f1P <.= PC.%&"E Q6./# h.� <$7$&'.

+6#"/&' 6T:

CZ3& KD6*# h� fCZ) >E63/7&' >D"^%&' P s5bP {5= <$7$&' 234 >D"^E f1P 2&e \i5# "TCZE1 d"/0&' BC4 -$X?) 1 . '~�.: �#"L !'~ zP >.&1CZ= >.D"^%&' x.i1 5T".�: ".p$3) 9.*&' >.D"^%3& -./*0#1 n.3/*j �.#"L '~�.: ".p$3) 9.*&' >.D"^%&' >.&1CZ=

: ) 9*3& -/*0#1 n3/* x.i6&' R".p�e n.X$: >.E63/= �.#"L '~e <.8&1 ".p$3 ) d"./0&' ( d"./0&' BC.4 -$X?.)1 C.Z3& K.D6*# h.�>$37Z&' aH# R'58*& <$7$&' 234 >D"^E f1P C04 \i5# "TCZE1.

S;7(J : T"E&,UV #)Y5/Z!" 8"EWX") #:a$7(

9W"0F&' BCZ&'10101 hD5&' -F7M 21 9W"0F&' BCZ&' 1 11111 hD5&' -F7M 31.

S;7(J : #;7U #!5U4 [5U4V ) #:a$8.(

9T >3@57&' >&"@5&' )HELP IM TRAPPED.(

S;7(J : SD 7Z?] EW31) #:a$10(

\7XE "07D '~e )1+2+4 ( 6T �)"0&": )7 ( 1 hD5E 5�IP zP <= J/: CG' !'~ >.D"^%&' 9.3) 9*&' >D"^%&' )4 ( d"./# 6T �67X= hDR 5b� )4 ( >&"Y&' oST 9: z6.Y) x$3) 9*&' >D"^%&'1 ) 8 ( # d"./ . \.7XE ".07D '~e 1 )1+2+4+8 (

6T �)"0&' +�: )15 (!'~ >D"^%&' 93) 9*&' >D"^%&' <= hD5E -DP zP ) 8 ('S8T1 d"/#.

BCZ&'M zS&' 5%L;' "E x$&e -I6*&' <87@1 <MC$&' \E"IP Q'C(*6T <$=C/&'

1024x1024 = 1,048,576 .

*m$V6*3& : 2.&e C.Z&' ".0087M {C.G'1 CM \E"I�E32 1 &' \E".I�E 2.&e C.Z&' ".0087M <MC.$32x32=1024.�'~e \E".I�E <$=C/&'1 <MC$&'�"Z= 2&e CZ&' "0#"8=�E x#�: 1024x1024 = 1,048,576.

14 Photocopiable for classroom use only. © 2005 Computer Science Unplugged (www.unplugged.canterbury.ac.nz)

Page 13: classic.csunplugged.org · 1 (b)) ‹.&’ ‰+–: (‹&’ ‰+–: (j. ‹..&’ 1 (12

S;7(J :;c(!"#)Y5/Z!" 8"EWX" SD E) #:a$11(

5HI \V6E "07D '~e)0 (K4"r*M BCZ&' +�: 9W"0� BC4 zP <$7M 234.

C.G'6E -F7= hDR -L) 1( M �6.@ 6.8M �6.@ �)".0&' hD5.&' �&S.&1 K4"r.* 2.34 5H|.&' >:".Ve -.%D hD5.&' KZ.V +x..0$7M .f"..F= ) 1001 (BC..Z&' -..F7M) 9 ( x..0$7M 2..34 5H..I >:"..V�E "..07D '~�..:)10010 ( -..F7M �6?..: )18 ( zPKZVBCZ&' )9( 5HI >:"Ve >&"G 9: "=P k BCZ&' �&~ k5rE Q6/# "0#�: z5O4 BC4 <$7M 234 )10 ( .

>Z%@ 2&' _"*YM 5)6$%78&' w"pi)7( >$W"0F&' B'C4;' <= (bits) w6=5&' 1 �5G;' \$7i <M,(*& .tM �&SE 1 ".0$&e �"*-$F7) ) 128( ,=R 1 �5G .'C4;' 9: zP !"#"b >$#"7� 9: +,() >Z%?&' >$W"0F&' Bbyte >.#"(&' f".7Te h*.M1 C.G'1

>$/%*7&' {5$b;' .

Photocopiable for classroom use only. 15 © 2002 Computer Science Unplugged (www.unplugged.canterbury.ac.nz)