zend framework basics training

ZEND FRAMEWORK Basics Training

http://kb.vteamslabs.com 1

By: Raza Mehdi

Topics Covered in Session• What is Zend Framework?• What is Model-View-Controller Pattern?• Coding Guidelines for Zend Framework.• Difference between Zend Framework versions.• Development of a simple Application using Zend Framework

to showcase its various features.

2http://kb.vteamslabs.com

What Is Zend Framework?

• Zend Framework (ZF) is an open source, object-oriented web application development framework implemented in PHP5 and licensed under the New BSD License.

• This framework is designed to eliminate the tedious process of developing a codebase for a specific system as much as possible.

• This framework implements the highly-modular MVC design, making your code more reusable and easier to maintain.


Defining Model-View-Controller


Model


VIEW


CONTROLLER


CODING GUIDELINES FOR ZEND FRAMEWORK• No leading or trailing spaces.• Proper namespace like Zend_ etc. For Resources like forms

and models Form_ & Model_ namespace is ideal.• Use camel-style lowercase instead of underscores (as in

getTodaysDate()) for function names.• Use underscore in start for your variables if they are private

or protected. • Declare all variables as private, protected, or public.• Use standard php tag <?php ?>.• Use spaces when concatenating text for making code more

readable.• Use pass-by reference in function declaration.


Zend Framework Versions

• Zend Framework is available in two versions:

• ZF 1.11 contains support for older PHP versions like 5.2 etc.

• ZF2 is based on PHP version 5.3+, and is the framework’s latest release.

This training session will utilize ZF 1.11 as reference in the coming slides.


DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ZF1 & ZF2Zend Framework 1 Zend Framework 2Command Line Tool available No Command Line Tool Available

No Namespaces Extensive Use of Namespaces

No proper modular structure. ZF1 modules are really a method of grouping discrete areas of code together, without them being inherently reusable.

Truly modular structure. You can drop in someone else's module, and with a simple line added to your application config file.

Bootstrapping resources in ZF1 is a combination of directives in the application.ini, and underscore prefixed functions in a module's Bootstrap.php.

No application level bootstrapping in ZF2. Each module is responsible for bootstrapping it's own resources in it's Module.php file by using a combination of the onBootstrap method of the module class, and the Event Manager.


DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ZF1 & ZF2 (Continued …)Zend Framework 1 Zend Framework 2Routes in ZF1 is done by adding configured Zend_Controller_Router_Route objects to the standard Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite object during bootstrapping or using the shortcuts in application.ini.

ZF2 has no application level routing, instead, routing is added on a per-module basis. This has the benefit of allowing a module to add routes to an application on an ad-hoc basis.

ZF1 doesn't have a Service Manager as such, the closest thing is Zend_Registry which is an object store. It basically allows you to store objects somewhere that other classes will look to pull from,

ZF2 doesn’t have Zend_Registry. It's been indirectly been replaced by Zend\ServiceManager (SM), and, to a lesser extent, Zend\Di. SM allows you to manage all your services in one place. It will lazily load classes as and when you need them.


ZEND FRAMEWORK APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT


Sample Bugs Reporting System

• Installation & Configuration of Zend Framework• Capturing the data: The data is captured,

validated, and filtered by Zend_Form.• Storing the data: The data to be stored in the

database by using Zend_Db.


Installation & Configuration of Zend Framework• Download latest ZF1 release from http://

framework.zend.com/downloads/latest#ZF1• Extract the folder to your desired location.• Copy the contents of bin folder to PHP installation

directory.• Copy the contents of library folder to PHP’s include

path.• Environment Variable

PATH = “C:/xampp/php”• Open Command Line, and enter command:

zf create project PROJECT_NAME


http://framework.zend.com/downloads/latest#ZF1

http://framework.zend.com/downloads/latest#ZF1

DETAILED LOOK AT ZF PROJECT FILES


.htaccess in /public folder


Index.php in /public folder


/application/configs/application.ini


ADDING LAYOUTS USING ZEND_VIEW, ZEND_LAYOUT


Zend_View

• Zend_View class separates presentation code from the application logic and data.

– View Scripts– View Helpers


The view scripts are basically PHP files that are rendered within the scope of Zend_View.

View Scripts are rendered in two stages:

• First, the action controller creates a new instance of Zend_View (done using view renderer action helper), which you load with data in your action method.

• Second, once the action method has been processed, the view renderer helper tells Zend_View to render the appropriate view script.


View helpers are simply classes. When you call a helper from within your script:

• Zend_View creates a new instance of the class and then runs the method that it relates to the helper class name.

• View Helper are named using the camelCase convention. For example, MyHelper will run the myHelper() method.

• Zend_View then returns the response from the respective method.


Zend_LayoutZend_Layout enables you to create templates that wrap your individual view scripts. It can be used:

• Standalone component: In this case, Zend_Layout allows you to name sections of your site templates and then load these from within your controller and view scripts.

• MVC component: Zend_Layout is initiated by its startMvc method. Normally following parameters are passed in array:– layout: layout script to render.– layoutPath: This is the path to the layout scripts.– contentKey: ‘content’

In the controllers by using: $this->_helper->layout.In the view by using the view helper: $this->layout().


Views Structure to be used in ZF


Creating Layouts

• Create a new folder in the application folder named layouts.• Add a subfolder to the layouts folder named scripts.• Create a file called layout.phtml.• Add the following lines to application/configs/application.ini:

resources.layout.layoutPath = APPLICATION_PATH "/layouts/scripts/"

ORRun this command zf enable layout in the terminal or command prompt in the project directory.

You must create css, images sub-folders in the public folder.


Adding Zend_View’s Placeholders


CREATING FORMS USING Zend_Form


What is Zend_Form?• Zend_Form is a wrapper for XHTML forms, wrapped in <form />

tag. It is constructed & rendered using its native init() & render() methods respectively.

• The Zend_Form object serves as a container for Zend_Form_Element objects which contain all of the standard form & form elements attributes. It also supports several non-standard form controls, such as Dojo widgets.

• Zend_Form’s XHTML output is handled by decorators. Decorators are snippets of code that render the appropriate markup dynamically, and can be used up-to requirements for any element object.

• Custom form elements can be created.


Create a Form using Zend_Form• Create a folder forms in applications folder.• Create a file BugReport.php in applications/forms folder.• Create a file BugController.php in applications/controllers

folder.

Following fields are to be added:• Author• E-mail• Date• URL• Description• Priority• Status


Adding Elements to Zend_Form


Zend_Form Resource Mapping in Bootstrap


Edit the application/Bootstrap.php to add the following code:

Adding Zend_Form to View


Adding Zend_Form to View (continued …)


Managing Data USING Zend_Db


What is Zend_Db?

Zend_Db is an object-oriented interface to SQL database systems. Zend Framework uses adapters to connect to database servers. These adapters provide a standardized interface to a range of commercially available database systems, including the following:

• IBM DB2• MySQL• Microsoft SQL Server• Oracle• PostgreSQL• SQLite


Database Configuration


application/configs/application.ini

Models Resource Mapping in Bootstrap


• Edit the _initAutoload function in application/Bootstrap.php as:

Creating bugs Model


Creating CRUD for bugs MODEL


ADDING A RECORD


1. Adding a method for data insertion in Model


2. Updating the Bug Controller’s Submit Action


3. Creating the Confirmation page


1. Create a method called confirmAction in application/controllers/BugController.php file.

2. Create a view file confirm.phtml in applications/views/scripts/bug/ folder, and add the following code:

EDITING RECORDS


1. Creating method in Model to update records


2. Creating the view file for update records


• Create a file edit.phtml in the applications/views/scripts/bug/ folder, and add the following code:

2. Creating method in Controller to update records


VIEWING ALL RECORDS


1. Creating method in Model to list all records


2. Adding a method to controller to list all records• Add a method listAction() to

applications/controllers/BugController.php file.


3. Adding a view file to list all records• Create a file list.phtml in the

applications/views/scripts/bug/ folder, and add the following code:


4. Listing all rows• Create a file table-row.phtml in the

applications/views/scripts/bug/ folder, and add the following code:


DELETING RECORDS


1. Creating method in Model to delete records


2. Adding a method to controller to delete a record• Add a method deleteAction() to

applications/controllers/BugController.php file.


TOPICS FOR NEXT SESSION

• Zend_Pagination• Managing Table Relationships using Zend_Db• Handling Security in Zend Framework.• Searching & Sharing Content.• Modules in Zend• Performance Tuning & Caching.• Templating System using Zend_Layout &

Zend_View


Thank You

QUESTIONS


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